1.

0 INTRODUCTION
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic
influence. It compromises liquid waste discharged by domestic residence, commercial
properties, industry, and or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential
contaminants and concentrations. In common usage refers the municipal wastewater that
contains a broad spectrum of contaminants resulting from the mixing of wastewater from
different sources. The physical characteristic of wastewater includes its solid content
suspended organic matter, floating matter, and dissolved matter, its temperature, colour,
odour/smell, density, conductivity, specific gravity and specific weight. Basically, the number
of chemicals found in wastewater is limitless. Municipal wastewater also contains a variety of
inorganic substances from domestic and industrial sources, including a number of potentially
toxic elements such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc. Among
the organic substances present in sewage are carbohydrates, lignin, fats, soaps, synthetic
detergents, proteins and their decomposition products, as well as various natural and synthetic
organic chemicals from the process industries. Wastewater treatment is a process to convert
wastewater which is water no longer needed or suitable for its most recent use into an
effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or
reused. Treatment means removing impurities from water being treated and some method of
treatment are applicable to both water and wastewater. Before undergo the wastewater
treatment process, the water quality should be determined first. In order to determine the
water quality, we have to refer based on the water parameter which consist of physical,
chemical and also biological characteristic. There are few chemical measures that can be used
to directly detect pollutants and this also can be used to detect imbalance within the
ecosystem. Those are pH, hardness, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD), turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and many more. Besides that, we could
also determine the water quality based on biological measures. The biological measures also
known as bio monitor defined as an organism that provides quantitative information on the
quality of the environmental around it. It can be deducted through the study of the content of
certain elements or compounds, morphological or cellular structure, metabolic- biochemical
process behaviour or population structure. There are four biological indicator which are plant
indicator, animal indicator and toxin, microbial indicators and last but not least,
macroinvertebrate bio indicators.