Normal Physical Changes in the Elderly

-Biological-cellular
-physiological
-anatomic
-Functional
The normal Aging process consists of what 4 factors?

Decrement (reduction)
The Normal aging process results in a slow ___________ in function.

complex
The most decrement occurs with the more ___________ functions.

False
-Different tissues and systems in any one individual age at different
rates.
T/F
Tissues and systems in all individuals age at the same rate.

degenerate
Re: Cardiovascular Changes: vessels that move blood around naturally ___________
with aging.

Pacemaker cells
Cells that regulate the heart are called?

Pacemaker cells
There is a marked decline in ___________ cells with old age.

10%
By 70-80 y.o. only ___% of pacemaker cells still remain.

the space between cells

Interstitial means?

-Fibrous
-immobilized
-fibrosis
With normal aging there is an increase in interstitial ___________ tissue. This means
that cells are ___________ aka stiffer due to onset of ___________ .

Ventricle
Anatomic changes that occur with aging are a slight increase in thickness of the wall
of the Left ___________ of the heart. (where blood passes before it passes into body.)

Elasticity
Another anatomic change that occurs with aging is a slight increase in tissue
___________.

thicken
Other anatomic changes that occur with aging are that heart valves ___________
resulting in the negative effect of prolapse. (slipping downward of an organ i.e. the
heart)

output
A physiologic change that occurs with normal aging regarding the heart is a decrease
in cardiac ___________ .

increase
A physiologic change that occurs with normal aging regarding blood pressure is the
___________ in systolic BP.

cardiovascular
A physiologic change that occurs with normal aging is a decline in the ___________
response to stress.

decrease.
Re: physiologic change that occurs with normal aging there is a ___________ in max
HR.

-chestwall
-calcify
-intercostal
-curvature
-Decrease

Re: Pulmonary
Mechanical Changes that occur are:
-A decrease in ___________ compliance.
-Ribs ___________
-Decrease in ___________ muscle strength
-Changes in Spinal ___________ .
-___________ in lung elastic recoil. (exhalation of the air left inside lungs.)

-decrease
-cross-linkage
-stiffer
-extensibility
Re: Musculoskeletal Changes
+Connective tissue Changes
-Hydration of collagen and elastin ___________ .
-More ___________ -___________ in collagen and elastin fibers (fibers that prevent
saggy skin/saggy boobs)
-collagen becomes ___________ .
-elastin loses ___________ .

dehydration
Musculoskeletal changes of cartilage with aging is that it becomes stiff due to
___________ resulting in a decreased ability to absorb impact.

weight-bearing
Musculoskeletal changes of cartilage with aging is that it thins in ___________
-___________ areas.

inactivity
Musculoskeletal changes of cartilage with aging is that ___________ causes hyaline
cartilage to convert to fibrocartilage.

-decrease
-lean
-increase
-weight/mass
Musculoskeletal changes of body composition with aging is that it results in:
-___________ of intracellular hydration (overall body has less water)
-Decrease in ___________ muscle tissue.
-___________ in fat concentration
-most organs decrease in ___________ /___________ .

-muscle
-muscle
-extensor
-strength/endurance
Musculoskeletal changes of muscle with aging result in:
-Loss of ___________ mass.
-Reduction of size & number of ___________ fibers.
-affects ___________ muscles more-so than flexors. (Flexion muscles over all
retained longer)
-decrease in muscle ___________ / ___________

-bone
-calcium
-1%
-osteoporosis
Musculoskeletal changes of the skeleton with aging result in:
-Loss of ___________ mass and density.
-***loss of mass & density related to poor absorption of ___________ .
-normal bone density loss is ___% in women over 35 and men over 55.
-excessive bone loss is called osteopenia aka ___________

-80
-Plaque & Neurofibrillary
-Decrease
Neurological changes in regards to aging result in:
-Brain mass decrease 6-7% by age ____.
-___________ & ___________ tangles develop in the brain.
-___________ in nerve conduction velocity of the CNS.

-Hypothalmus
-stress
-20%
+Homeostasis
-Thermal Regulation: ___________ becomes less sensitive to feedback. (i.e. older ppl
feel colder than young)
-Hormonal Balance: Reduction in hormonal response reduces ability to adjust to
external & internal ___________ .
-Cerebral Circulation: ___% in cerebral perfusion by age 70.

-Light touch
-Temperature
-Vibration (results in impaired proprioceptive input)

+Sensory Changes
-Touch: Decline in sensitivity to?

-decrease
-pupil
-difficulty
-visual
-interocular
+Sensory Changes Re: Vision
-___________ in tear production.
-___________ reacts more slowly to light.
-___________ quickly focusing far-to-near.
-decrease in ___________ accuracy.
-decrease in ___________ pressure.

-frequently
-sensorineural
-sensorineural/transmission
+Sensory changes Re: Hearing
-Hearing loss occurs more ___________ in later years.
-Most common hearing loss is ___________ . (normal sound conduction thru middle
ear)
-___________ hearing loss results in a problem w/ ___________ to the brain.

-movement
-sensory
+Sensory changes Re: Proprioception/Kinesthesia
-decrease in joint position/ ___________ sense
-decrease in ___________ interpretation.

-sensory
-balance
+Sensory changes Re: Vestibular system (inner ear)
-Degeneration of the ___________ receptors of the vestibular system.
-Vestibular changes Results in a greater risk for loss of ___________ .

-atrophy
-accurate
-salivary
-olfactory
+Sensory changes Re: Taste & Smell
-80% of taste buds ___________ .
-perception of taste becomes less ___________ .

-___________ production decreases.

-smell decreases due to loss of ___________ bulb smells.

-enamel
+Gastrointestinal Changes Re: Teeth
-Result in a loss of ___________ on chewing surface.

-motility
-esophogeal
-pressure
+Gastrointestinal changes Re: Esophagus
-Decreased ___________ . (lack of motion resulting from decreased ability to move
down esophagus.)
-Hesitancy of the lower ___________ sphincter to relax.
-Lowering of esophageal resting ___________ .

-gastric
+Gastrointestinal changes Re: Stomach
-Results in delayed ___________ emptying.

abosrption
+Gastrointestinal changes Re: Small intestine
-Results in decreased ___________ .

motility
+Gastrointestinal changes Re: Large Intestine
-results in decreased ___________ .