Acetic Acid Pub Chem

5/4/2016
aceticacid|C2H4O2PubChem
NIH
U.S.NationalLibraryofMedicine
NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation
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CHEMISTRY
D AT A B A S E
CompoundSummaryforCID176
PUBCHEM COMPOUND ACETICACID
AceticAcid
Vendors
Drug Information
Pharmacology
PubChemCID:
CitethisRecord
Literature
Patents
Bioactivities
176
AceticacidEthanoicacidVinegaracidGlacialaceticacid
ChemicalNames:
EthylicacidMethanecarboxylicacid More...
MolecularFormula:
C2H4O2
MolecularWeight:
60.05196g/mol
InChIKey:
QTBSBXVTEAMEQOUHFFFAOYSAN
UNII:
Q40Q9N063P
SafetySummary:
LaboratoryChemicalSafetySummary(LCSS)
ModifyDate:
20160402
CreateDate:
20040916
Productoftheoxidationofethanolandofthedestructivedistillationofwood.Aceticacidisusedlocally,
occasionallyinternally,asacounterirritantandalsoasareagent.(Stedman,26thed)
fromMeSH
AceticAcidisasyntheticcarboxylicacidwithantibacterialandantifungalproperties.Althoughitsmechanismof
actionisnotfullyknown,undissociatedaceticacidmayenhancelipidsolubilityallowingincreasedfattyacid
accumulationonthecellmembraneorinothercellwallstructures.Aceticacid,asaweakacid,caninhibit
carbohydratemetabolismresultinginsubsequentdeathoftheorganism.
PharmacologyfromNCIt
Aceticacid,glacialisaclearcolorlessliquidwithastrongodorofvinegar.Flashpoint104F.Density8.8lb/
gal.Corrosivetometalsandtissue.Usedtomakeotherchemicals,asafoodadditive,andinpetroleum
production.
PhysicalDescriptionfromCAMEOChemicals
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176#section=Top
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Contents
12DStructure
23DConformer
3NamesandIdentifiers
4ChemicalandPhysicalProperties
5RelatedRecords
6ChemicalVendors
7DrugandMedicationInformation
8PharmacologyandBiochemistry
9UseandManufacturing
10Identification
11SafetyandHazards
12Toxicity
13Literature
14Patents
15BiomolecularInteractionsandPathways
16BiologicalTestResults
17Classification
18InformationSources
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1 2DStructure
Search
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fromPubChem
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2 3DConformer
Search
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GetImage
Magnify
ShowHydrogens
ShowAtoms
Animate
fromPubChem
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3 NamesandIdentifiers
3.1 ComputedDescriptors
3.1.1 IUPACName
aceticacid
fromPubChem
3.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c12(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
fromPubChem
3.1.3 InChIKey
QTBSBXVTEAMEQOUHFFFAOYSAN
fromPubChem
3.1.4 CanonicalSMILES
CC(=O)O
fromPubChem
3.2 OtherIdentifiers
3.2.1 CAS
64197
fromDrugBank,ILOICSC,NIOSHPocketGuide,OSHAOccupationalChemicalDB,EPAChemicalsu
3.2.2 ECNumber
2005807
fromECHA
6164852
fromECHA
3.2.3 ICSCNumber
0363
fromILOICSC
5/108
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3.2.4 RTECSNumber
AF1225000
fromILOICSC,NIOSHPocketGuide
3.2.5 UNNumber
2789
fromILOICSC,OSHAOccupationalChemicalDB,CAMEOChemicals,NJDOHRTKHazardousSubs
2790
fromCAMEOChemicals
3.2.6 UNII
Q40Q9N063P
fromFDA/SPLIndexingdata
3.2.7 Wikipedia
Title
Aceticacid
Description
Colorlessliquidorcrystalswithasour,vinegarlikeodor.[Note:Pure
compoundisasolidbelow62F.Oftenusedinanaqueoussolution.]
Title
Pyroligneousacid
Description
chemicalcompound
Wikipedia
Cellulosediacetate
fromWikipedia
3.3 Synonyms
3.3.1 MeSHSynonyms
1.AceticAcid
2.AceticAcidGlacial
3.AceticAcid,Glacial
4.AcidGlacial,Acetic
5.Acid,Acetic
6.Acid,GlacialAcetic
7.GlacialAceticAcid
8.Glacial,AceticAcid
9.Vinegar
fromMeSH
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3.3.2 DepositorSuppliedSynonyms
1.aceticacid
11.Essigsaeure
21.HOAc
31.ethoicacid
2.ethanoicacid
12.Acideacetique
22.Azijnzuur[Dutch]
32.Glacialacetate
3.Vinegaracid
13.Kyselinaoctova
23.Essigsaeure[German]
33.Acideacetique[French]
4.Glacialaceticacid
14.Acijel
24.Ethanoicacidmonomer
34.Acidoacetico[Italian]
5.Ethylicacid
15.Azijnzuur
25.CaswellNo.003
35.Kyselinaoctova[Czech]
6.Methanecarboxylicacid
16.Vinegar
26.aceticacid
36.OticDomeboro
7.64197
17.Acidoacetico
27.Octowykwas[Polish]
37.Methanecarboxylate
8.Acetasol
18.Octowykwas
28.Aceticacid(natural)
38.Aceticacid,watersolutions
9.Aceticacid,glacial
19.Pyroligneousacid
29.Ethylate
39.ethanoate
20.AcOH
30.acetylalcohol
40.FEMANumber2006
10.Aceticacidglacial
fromPubChem
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4 ChemicalandPhysicalProperties
4.1 ComputedProperties
MolecularWeight
60.05196g/mol
MolecularFormula
C2H4O2
XLogP3
0.2
HydrogenBondDonorCount
HydrogenBondAcceptorCount
RotatableBondCount
ExactMass
60.021129g/mol
MonoisotopicMass
60.021129g/mol
TopologicalPolarSurfaceArea
37.3A^2
HeavyAtomCount
FormalCharge
Complexity
31
IsotopeAtomCount
DefinedAtomStereocenterCount
UndefinedAtomStereocenterCount
DefinedBondStereocenterCount
UndefinedBondStereocenterCount
CovalentlyBondedUnitCount
1
fromPubChem
4.2 ExperimentalProperties
4.2.1 PhysicalDescription
COLOURLESSLIQUIDWITHPUNGENTODOUR.
fromILOICSC
Colorlessliquidorcrystalswithasour,vinegarlikeodor.[Note:Purecompoundisasolidbelow62F.Often
usedinanaqueoussolution.]
fromNIOSHPocketGuide
Colorlessliquidorcrystalswithasour,vinegarlikeodor.
fromOSHAOccupationalChemicalDB
Aceticacid,glacialisaclearcolorlessliquidwithastrongodorofvinegar.Flashpoint104F.Density8.8lb/
gal.Corrosivetometalsandtissue.Usedtomakeotherchemicals,asafoodadditive,andinpetroleum
production.
8/108
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fromCAMEOChemicals
Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acidisacolorlessaqueoussolution.Smellslike
vinegar.Corrosivetometalsandtissue.
fromCAMEOChemicals
Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidisaclearcolorlessaqueoussolutionwithapungentodor.
fromCAMEOChemicals
1.Liquid
2.Liquid,PelletsLargeCrystals
fromEPAChemicalsundertheTSCA
4.2.2 Color
Clear,colorlessliquid
Lewis,R.J.Sr.Hawley'sCondensedChemicalDictionary15thEdition.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.NewYork,NY2007.,p.7
fromHSDB
Colorlessliquidorcrystals(Note:Purecompoundisasolidbelow62degreesF).Oftenusedinanaqueous
solution).
NIOSH.NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&
Prevention.NationalInstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).Available
from:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
fromHSDB
4.2.3 Odor
Pungent
O'Neil,M.J.(ed.).TheMerckIndexAnEncyclopediaofChemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals.Cambridge,UK:RoyalSociety
ofChemistry,2013.,p.11
fromHSDB
Sour,vinegarlikeodor
fromHSDB
4.2.4 Taste
Burningtaste
WagnerFSAceticAcid.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992014).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&
Sons.OnlinePostingDate:Apr29,2014.
fromHSDB
4.2.5 BoilingPoint
117.9degC
Haynes,W.M.(ed.).CRCHandbookofChemistryandPhysics.94thEdition.CRCPressLLC,BocaRaton:FL20132014,p.
34
9/108
5/4/2016
fromHSDB
117.9C
PhysProp
fromDrugBank
118C
fromILOICSC
244F
fromNIOSHPocketGuide,OSHAOccupationalChemicalDB
244F(at760mmHg)
(NTP,1992)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.6 MeltingPoint
16.635degC
fromHSDB
16.6C
PhysProp
fromDrugBank
16.7C
fromILOICSC
62F
FRZ:62F
61.9F
(NTP,1992)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.7 FlashPoint
103degF(39degC)Closedcup
NationalFireProtectionAssociationFireProtectionGuidetoHazardousMaterials.14THEdition,Quincy,MA2010,p.3259
fromHSDB
112degF(opencup)104degF(closedcup)
U.S.CoastGuard,DepartmentofTransportation.CHRISHazardousChemicalData.VolumeII.Washington,D.C.:U.S.
GovernmentPrintingOffice,19845.
fromHSDB
10/108
5/4/2016
39Cc.c.
fromILOICSC
103F
4.2.8 Solubility
Misciblewithwater
34
fromHSDB
Misciblewithethanol,ethylether,acetone,benzenesolubleincarbontetrachloride,carbondisulfide
34
fromHSDB
Misciblewithglycerolinsolubleincarbondisulfide
fromHSDB
WaterSolubility
1000000mg/L(at25C)
MERCKINDEX(1996)
fromDrugBank
inwater:miscible
fromILOICSC
Miscible
greaterthanorequalto100mg/mLat73F
(NTP,1992)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.9 Density
1.0446g/cucmat25degC
34
fromHSDB
(water=1):1.05
fromILOICSC
1.05
11/108
5/4/2016
1.051at20F
(USCG,1999)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.10 VaporDensity
2.07(Air=1)
Lewis,R.J.Sr.(ed)Sax'sDangerousPropertiesofIndustrialMaterials.11thEdition.WileyInterscience,Wiley&Sons,Inc.
Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.V215
fromHSDB
(air=1):2.1
fromILOICSC
2.07
(NTP,1992)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.11 VaporPressure
15.7mmHgat25degC/Extrapolated/
Daubert,T.E.,R.P.Danner.PhysicalandThermodynamicPropertiesofPureChemicalsDataCompilation.Washington,D.C.:
TaylorandFrancis,1989.
fromHSDB
Vapourpressure
kPaat20C:1.5
fromILOICSC
11mmHg
11.4mmHgat68F20mmHgat86F
(NTP,1992)
fromCAMEOChemicals
4.2.12 LogP
logKow=0.17
Hansch,C.,Leo,A.,D.Hoekman.ExploringQSARHydrophobic,Electronic,andStericConstants.Washington,DC:
AmericanChemicalSociety.,1995.,p.4
fromHSDB
0.17
HANSCH,CETAL.(1995)
fromDrugBank
0.17
fromILOICSC
12/108
5/4/2016
4.2.13 LogS
1.22
ADMEResearch,USCD
fromDrugBank
4.2.14 Stability
Stableundernormallaboratorystorageconditions.
Keith,L.H.,D.B.Walters,(eds.).CompendiumofSafetyDataSheetsforResearchandIndustrialChemicals.PartsI,II,andIII.
DeerfieldBeach,FL:VCHPublishers,1985.,p.36
fromHSDB
4.2.15 AutoIgnition
867degF(463degC)
fromHSDB
485C
fromILOICSC
4.2.16 Decomposition
Whenheatedtodecompositionitemitsirritatingfumes.
Hoboken,NJ.2004.,p.16
fromHSDB
4.2.17 Viscosity
1.056mPasat25degC
6232
fromHSDB
4.2.18 Corrosivity
Corrosiveorganicacid
fromHSDB
Glacialaceticacid(100%)ishighlycorrosive,anditsingestionhasproducedpenetratinglesionsofthe
esophagusandlaterstricturesoftheesophagusandpylorusinman.
Gosselin,R.E.,R.P.Smith,H.C.Hodge.ClinicalToxicologyofCommercialProducts.5thed.Baltimore:Williamsand
Wilkins,1984.,p.II102
fromHSDB
13/108
5/4/2016
4.2.19 HeatofCombustion
874.2kJ/mol
568
fromHSDB
4.2.20 HeatofVaporization
23.36at25degC23.70kJ/molat117.9degC
6132
fromHSDB
4.2.21 pH
Aqueoussolution1.0molar=2.40.1molar=2.90.01molar=3.4
fromHSDB
4.2.22 SurfaceTension
27.10mN/mat25degC
6182
fromHSDB
4.2.23 Ionicity
10.66eV
4.2.24 Polymerization
Adrumcontaminatedwithaceticacidwasfilledwithacetaldehyde.Theensuingexothermicpolymerization
reactioncausedamilderuptionlastingforseveralhours.
Bretherick,L.HandbookofReactiveChemicalHazards.4thed.Boston,MA:ButterworthHeinemannLtd.,1990,p.271
fromHSDB
4.2.25 OdorThreshold
OdorThresholdRange:0.21to1.0ppm
EnvironmentCanadaTechInfoforProblemSpills:Aceticacid(Draft)p.1(1981)
fromHSDB
Detectioninairis24.3ppm(chemicallypure)
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ASTMCompilationofOdorandTasteThresholdValuesDatap.61(1978)
fromHSDB
Odorlow:2.5mg/cumOdorhigh:2,500mg/cum.
RuthJHAmIndHygJ47:A14251(1986)
fromHSDB
4.2.26 pKa
4.76(at25C)
SERJEANT,EP&DEMPSEY,B(1979)
fromDrugBank
4.2.27 DissociationConstants
pKa=4.76at25degC
Serjeant,E.P.,DempseyB.IonisationConstantsofOrganicAcidsinAqueousSolution.InternationalUnionofPureand
AppliedChemistry(IUPAC).IUPACChemicalDataSeriesNo.23,1979.NewYork,NewYork:PergamonPress,Inc.,p.989
fromHSDB
4.2.28 RelativeEvaporationRate
Evaporationrate...at25degCandawindspeedof4.5m/sec(16.1kg/hr)is0.24g/sqm/sec...evaporation
ratesof0.077g/sqm/secat0degCand0.42g/sqm/secat30degC...forwindspeedof4.5m/sec.
fromHSDB
Evaporationrate(butylacetate=1):0.97
Mackison,F.W.,R.S.Stricoff,andL.J.Partridge,Jr.(eds.).NIOSH/OSHAOccupationalHealthGuidelinesforChemical
Hazards.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.81123(3VOLS).Washington,DC:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Jan.1981.,p.
2
fromHSDB
4.2.29 KovatsRetentionIndex
Standardnonpolar
594,660.4,625,642,642,590,600,638,630,617,617,584,580,620.77,
650,650,634,648,600,611,622,648,646,621
Semistandardnonpolar
602,646,645,602,661,600,600,600,625,649,600,599,600,663,606,
605,610,665,600,610,610,625,645,609,630,640,662,587,588,623,
600,602,600,600,606,595,638,641,622,610,610,600,600,600,594,
601,615,615,662,658,616,600,618,622,660,649,606,610,610,610,
610,610,591,591,641.8,660,641,600,610.8,609.4,603,603,612,
606,583,637,644,628,628,612,614,616,622,608,645,600,645,645,
602,660,660
1480,1460,1449,1452,1445,1435,1402,1452,1427,1450,1460,1436,
1463,1448,1446,1452,1461,1449,1463,1429,1460,1464,1479,1463,
1434,1461,1424,1441,1453,1467,1453,1433,1486,1463,1480,1465,
1478,1478,1478,1443,1430,1436,1476,1486,1464,1448,1448,1445,
1461,1434,1460,1429,1461,1460,1444,1418,1453,1433,1425,1467,
1442,1449,1488,1430,1447,1443,1419,1434,1444,1461,1423,1443,
1453,1431,1444,1443,1452,1436,1413,1426,1472,1440,1442,1428,
1431,1484,1439,1450,1450,1472,1451,1468,1434,1447,1420,1450,
15/108
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Standardpolar
1440,1442,1442,1486.6,1486.6,1451,1436,1442,1460,1462,1462,
1498,1435,1445,1451,1435,1435,1459,1459,1404,1471,1442,1484,
1424,1415,1431,1415,1425,1415,1415,1418,1419,1415,1415,1419,
1403,1462,1455,1465,1465,1447,1408,1400,1400,1465,1476,1448,
1458,1451,1457,1446,1449,1450,1431,1465,1429,1462,1445,1473,
1492,1439,1455,1465,1452,1450,1452,1447,1449,1457,1450,1454,
1456,1445,1468,1441,1445,1464,1462,1425,1425,1443,1448,1498,
1471,1445,1460,1450,1480,1449,1451,1436,1453,1410,1469,1440,
1450,1443,1428,1478,1457,1457,1462,1436,1409,1441,1454,1459,
1476,1424,1450,1448,1424,1473,1432,1433,1452,1401,1418,1449,
1485,1425,1477,1436,1451,1473,1458,1409,1453,1470,1471,1454,
1466,1466,1449,1449,1449,1449,1449,1457,1477,1461,1455,1448,
1448,1447,1466,1463,1435,1471,1455.8,1455,1474,1461.7,1453,
1465.7,1449,1447,1473.2,1447,1454,1458.5,1434,1451,1467,
1445.1,1459,1475,1451,1451,1434,1448,1442,1465,1476,1443,
1452,1446,1461,1433,1456.1,1451,1410,1453,1415,1432,1460,
1480,1424,1476,1437,1452,1455,1450,1422,1447,1452,1468,1480,
1430,1439,1445.1,1441,1475,1480,1452,1425,1408,1451,1435,
1440,1465,1449,1449,1457,1424,1430,1457,1432,1450,1449,1450,
1454,1460,1454.3,1456.6,1459.3,1460.5,1460.8,1461,1440,1470,
1430,1424,1446,1451,1448,1453,1463,1431,1430,1437.7,1435,
1439,1445,1459,1474.6,1415,1460,1488,1418,1448,1428,1435,
1446,1455,1459.6,1459.6,1435,1405,1409,1410,1454,1454,1410,
1405,1417,1430,1430,1450,1451,1471,1403,1403,1413,1413,1425,
1425,1403,1403,1413,1413,1430,1430,1424.2
fromNIST
4.3 CrystalStructures
CrystalStructures:1of1
CCDCNumber
251389
CrystalStructureData
DOI:10.5517/cc8flbl
AssociatedArticle
DOI:10.1107/S0021889804007149
fromTheCambridgeStructuralDatabase
4.4 SpectralProperties
MAXABSORPTION(ALCOHOL):208NM(LOGE=1.5)
Weast,R.C.(ed.).HandbookofChemistryandPhysics.60thed.BocaRaton,Florida:CRCPressInc.,1979.,p.C82
fromHSDB
SADTLERREFNUMBER:76(IR,PRISMV8(NMR))
Weast,R.C.(ed.).HandbookofChemistryandPhysics.60thed.BocaRaton,Florida:CRCPressInc.,1979.,p.C82
fromHSDB
Indexofrefraction:1.3720@degC/D
34
fromHSDB
Intensemassspectralpeaks:43m/z,60m/z
Pfleger,K.,H.MaurerandA.Weber.MassSpectralandGCDataofDrugs,PoisonsandtheirMetabolites.PartsIandII.
16/108
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MassSpectraIndexes.Weinheim,FederalRepublicofGermany.1985.,p.47
fromHSDB
IR:4819(CoblentzSocietySpectralCollection)
Lide,D.R.,G.W.A.Milne(eds.).HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.VolumeI.3rded.CRCPress,Inc.BocaRaton
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
UV:43(OrganicElectronicSpectralData,Phillipsetal,JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork)
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
RAMAN:407(SadtlerResearchLaboratoriesSpectralCollection)
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
MASS:34542(NIST/EPA/MSDCMassSpectralDatabase1990version)
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
1HNMR:8(VarianAssociatesNMRspectracollection)
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
13CNMR:7(JohnsonandJankowski,Carbon13NMRSpectra,JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork)
,FL.1994.,p.V1:93
fromHSDB
4.4.1 GCMS
1of5
NISTNumber
227635
Library
Mainlibrary
TotalPeaks
30
m/zTopPeak
43
m/z2ndHighest
45
m/z3rdHighest
60
17/108
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Thumbnail
fromNIST
18/108
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PubChemSID
07692_FLUKA
24846103
13669_FLUKA
24848291
242853_SIAL
24854588
27218_RIEDEL
24856457
27218_SIAL
57648223
27225_RIEDEL
24856462
27225_SIAL
57648224
318590_ALDRICH
24859135
318590_FLUKA
57648609
320099_SIAL
24859247
33206_RIEDEL
24860020
33206_SIAL
57648773
33209_RIEDEL
24860024
33209_SIAL
57648774
338826_SIAL
24860577
34254_FLUKA
57649161
34254_RIEDEL
24861079
34255_FLUKA
57648972
34255_RIEDEL
24860709
34256_FLUKA
57648973
34256_RIEDEL
24860710
380121_SIAL
24863722
38050_FLUKA
57649794
38050_RIEDEL
24863746
38051_FLUKA
57649795
38051_RIEDEL
24863747
40209_RIEDEL
24865045
40273_ALDRICH
57649958
40273_RIEDEL
24865112
45725_FLUKA
24869289
45725_SIGMA
57650541
45726_FLUKA
24869290
45726_SIGMA
57650542
21/108
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45730_FLUKA
24869296
45732_FLUKA
24869300
45754_FLUKA
24869326
45754_SIAL
57650553
46928_SUPELCO
24870579
49199_FLUKA
24872707
537020_SIAL
24878187
71251_FLUKA
24886025
A6283_SIAL
24891075
A8976_FLUKA
57653892
A8976_SIAL
24891389
A9967_SIAL
24891411
W200603_ALDRICH
24900793
W200611_ALDRICH
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MolPort000871575
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22173
152235147
PubChem22173
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FT0621735
164805871
FT0638674
164822467
FT0659639
164833413
AC1L18NC
104294069
AC1Q2BPJ
117396502
AuroraFineChemicalsLLC
A00.230.669
292897101
TCI(TokyoChemicalIndustry)
A2035
125307116
3B40958
184608576
IN012302
254541872
OR034264
254072356
OR034746
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193829
85083203
193830
85083204
205081
51072409
300000
85083205
AmadisChemical
A834671
131322300
KingScientific
KSC491S8N
163808626
Chembo
KB47052
162152125
MolPort
CAPOT
FinetechIndustryLimited
ABIChem
3B_SCI_CORP
MPBiomedicals
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Mcule
MCULE8295936189
169441020
6233836
254761484
64197
254782077
ChemFrog
888403386
125539362
Alsachim
4844
253659191
Boerchem
BC253535
196108296
I049818
135366390
I1460089
144105285
qCa@AILt@@
3133677
ANW41557
160809057
ANW44008
160811506
RTR021046
204380821
TR021046
204938653
TR021753
204380813
TRA0196378
252272300
035907
152199945
044721
124391991
Biocore
BIE137707
312629401
AngeneChemical
Aceticacidglacial
252138719
ZINC
ZINC5224164
257641065
49414175
126675526
99117871
241108767
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241120781
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GlenthamLifeSciencesLtd.
GV2353
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NORRISPHARM
THMA00025
312306776
Ambinter
MO08470
103018206
ChemTik
CTK3J1986
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AKosConsulting&Solutions
AKOS000268789
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Achemica
ACMC1B1E4
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VitasMLaboratory
STL264240
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Wutech
RL04447
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AKScientific,Inc.(AKSCI)
Y1308
252553922
Molepedia
M90000618P
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ANPharmaTech
AN41867
223677429
Chembase.cn
2865
160966312
BocSciences
ISChemicalTechnology
ChemExperChemicalDirectory
Anward
Tractus
OakwoodProducts
ChemMol
fromPubChem
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7 DrugandMedicationInformation
7.1 FDAOrangeBook
7.1.1 PrescriptionDrugProducts
PrescriptionDrugProducts:1of7
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
ProprietaryName
ACETICACID0.25%INPLASTICCONTAINER
1.BBRAUN(ApplicationNumber:N018161)
Applicant
2.BAXTERHLTHCARE(ApplicationNumber:N018523)
3.HOSPIRA(ApplicationNumber:N017656)
fromFDAOrangeBook
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
ProprietaryName
ACETICACID
1.TARO(ApplicationNumber:A088638)
Applicant
2.VINTAGE(ApplicationNumber:A040607)
3.WOCKHARDT(ApplicationNumber:A040166)
fromFDAOrangeBook
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
ProprietaryName
VOSOL
Applicant
HITECHPHARMA(ApplicationNumber:N012179)
fromFDAOrangeBook
ViewAll7PrescriptionDrugProducts
7.1.2 DiscontinuedDrugProducts
DiscontinuedDrugProducts:1of10
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
ProprietaryName
ACETASOL
Applicant
ACTAVISMIDATLANTIC(ApplicationNumber:A087146)
fromFDAOrangeBook
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
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ProprietaryName
ACETICACID
Applicant
KVPHARM(ApplicationNumber:A085493)
fromFDAOrangeBook
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
ProprietaryName
ORLEX
Applicant
WARNERCHILCOTT(ApplicationNumber:A086845)
fromFDAOrangeBook
ViewAll10DiscontinuedDrugProducts
7.2 DrugLabelsforIngredients
DrugLabelsforIngredients:1of1
LabelInformation
Total77labels
DrugIngredient
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
NDCCode(s)
0095020215,0187001050,0264230400,0264230410,0264770400,
0338065604,0409614309,0409614322,0472088282,0603703841
...total129.
NDCCode(s)
Packagers
ASMedicationSolutionsLLCActavisInc.ActavisMidAtlanticLLC
ApothecaCompanyB.BraunMedicalInc.Bausch&LombIncorporated
BaxterHealthcareCorporationBioActiveNutritional,IncBioActive
Nutritional,Inc.CRC(CosmoceuticalResearchCenter)...total42.
fromDailyMed
7.3 DrugsatPubMedHealth
DrugsatPubMedHealth:1of1
DrugName
AceticAcid(Insidethebladder)
Description
Preventsbladderinfectionscausedbybacteriafromanindwellingurinary
catheter.Alsohelpspreventcalciumfromcloggingthecatheter.
DrugClasses
BladderIrrigant
fromPubMedHealth
7.4 TherapeuticUses
BACKGROUND:Ultrasound(US)guidedpercutaneousaceticacidinjectiontherapy(PAIT)iseffectivefor
patientswithhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).Thisstudyaimedtodeterminetheoccurrenceandpredictive
valueofpersistentintratumoralretentionofaceticacidafterPAIT.METHODS:/Thetrial/prospectivelystudied
60(52M,meanage68+/10years)patientswith72HCCnodules(45<or=3cm)treatedwithPAIT.The
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presenceofposttreatmentpersistentretentionofaceticacid,definedasahomogeneousandhighly
hyperechoidmassinUSappearance3daysaftercompletionofthetreatment,wascorrelatedwiththetreatment
response.RESULTS:Themeansizeofthetreatedtumorwas2.9+/1.0cm(range1.55cm).Thirty(42%)
HCCnodulesshowedcompletetumornecrosisdemonstratedbycontrastenhanceddynamicCT.Complete
responsewasfoundin22(69%)of32nodulesshowingpersistentintratumoralretentionofaceticacid(P<
0.001).Small(<or=3cm)tumorsizewasalsosignificantlyassociatedwithcompletetumornecrosis(P=
0.001).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesoftheinjectionvolumeandtreatmentsessionsbetweenthosewith
andwithoutcompletetumornecrosisineithersmallorlarge(>3cm)HCC(P>0.1).Multivariatelogistic
regressionanalysisshowedthatpersistentretentionofaceticacid(oddsratio(OR)10.4,95%confidenceinterval
(CI)3.134.7P<0.001)andtumorsize<or=3cm(OR6.8,95%,CI1.825.8P=0.002)wereindependent
factorspredictingcompletetumornecrosis.CONCLUSIONS:Thepresenceofpersistentretentionofaceticacid
isassociatedwithafavorableresponseandmaypredictcompletetumornecrosisafterPAIT. Abstract:PubMed
HuoTIetalScandJGastroenterol.39(2):16873(2004).
fromHSDB
EXPLTHERBACKGROUNDANDAIM:Applicationofaceticacidtopicallytothemucosalorserosalsideofthe
stomachhasbeenwellusedtocreateachronicgastriculcermodel.Theaimofthepresentstudywastoapplyit
asanewcytoreductiveapproachinamousemodelofgastriccancer.METHODS:Atotalof43genetically
engineeredmice,thesocalled(INSGAS)micethatdevelopspontaneouslygastriccancerat1014monthsof
age,wereincluded.Aceticacidinducedulcermethodwasappliedtomiceunderisoflurananesthesia.Theulcer
atthecancersidewasmadebyexposingeithertheanteriorserosalorposteriormucosalsideofgastricwallto
0.1mLof60%or100%aceticacidfor30or60swithacylindricalmetalmold(4mmID).Routetotheserosal
sidewasintraabdominalandonetothemucosalsidewasthroughasmallholemadeintheforestomach.The
oppositesideofgastricwall(notreatmentwithaceticacid)wasusedasthecorrespondingcontrol.Afterthe
miceweresacrificed,thestomachswerecollected1,3,6hrsor1,3and7days,postoperatively,andevaluated
byvisualinspectionandhistology.RESULTS:Gastriccancerwasfoundinboththeanteriorandposteriorwalls
ofthecorpusinall43mice.IntraluminalpHvaluewasbetween11and13.Severenecrosisinthecancerwas
observedinthesideexposingtoaceticacid,butnotinthecontrolside,shortlyafterthetreatment(i.e.within30
or60min).Themuscularismucosaandmusclelayerswerelessdamaged,regardlessofthesideofthe
treatment.Ulcerformationinthecancertookplace1,3or7dayslater.Theulcerdepthwassometimesatthe
muscularismucosaandmusclelayers.At3and7days,regenerationofepithelialcellswasclearlyobservedin
theulcermargininthestomachofmice.CONCLUSIONS:Topicalapplicationofaceticacideitherfrommucosal
orserosalsurfacepromptlycausedthenecrosisoftumor,suggestingthepotentialapproachofthissimpleand
reliablemethodasacytoreductivetreatmentofgastriccancerinpatientsthroughendoscopyorlaparoscopy.
Abstract:PubMed
OkabeSetalJGastroenterolHepatol.27Suppl3:408(2012).
fromHSDB
MEDICATION(Vet):Vesicant,caustic,destructiveofwarts.
fromHSDB
EXPLTHEROBJECTIVE:Toinvestigatewhetherenhancingvaginalacidityimprovesthesuccessofmedical
abortionsinthemidtrimester.METHODS:Adoubleblind,randomized,placebocontrolledtrialwasconducted
with48womenwithmissedmidtrimesterabortions.Twicedaily,thestudyparticipants(n=24)weretreatedwitha
3%aceticacidgelandthecontrols(n=24)withaplacebogel,starting2dayspriortoinitiatingthemisoprostol
treatment.Theprimaryoutcomemeasuresweretheratesofsuccessfulabortionwithin24and48hours.
Secondarymeasuresincludedgeltolerabilityandadverseeffectsofthemisoprostoltreatment.RESULTS:The
successrateswerehigherinthestudygroup,withinboth24hours(11/23vs3/24P=0.011)and48hours(18/23
vs6/24P<0.001).AmongthewomenwithavaginalpHof5orhigheratbaseline,acidicgelwasalso
associatedwithhighersuccessrateswithin24hours(8/13vs2/15P<0.01)and48hours(13/13vs3/15
P<0,001).Thevaginalgelswerewelltoleratedandthemisoprostoltreatmentproducednoseriousadverse
effects.CONCLUSION:A3%aceticacidgelappearstobeaneffectiveandsafepreparatoryadjuvanttovaginal
misoprostoltreatmentformidtrimestermedicalabortions,especiallyinwomenwithavaginalpHof5orhigher...
Abstract:PubMed
AbdElMaeboudKHetalIntJGynaecolObstet.119(3):24852(2012).
fromHSDB
...Thirtyfivepatientswithhistologicallyconfirmedhighgradesquamousintraepitheliallesionsofthecervix
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enteredthestudy....Telomeraseactivitywasdetectablein27of35(77.1%)freshtissuesamples,15of35
(42.9%)tissuesamplesswabbedwith5%aceticacid,and0of10(0%)normalcervicaltissuesamples,
respectively.Twelvesamplesbecametelomerasenegativeafter5%aceticacidapplied.Amongthe15
telomerasepositivetissuesamplesswabbedwith5%aceticacid,12hadrelativeweaktelomeraseactivity
comparedtocorrespondingfreshtissuesamples,theother3remainedthesame. Abstract:PubMed
ChangChienCC,etalGynecolOncol71(1):99103(1998)
fromHSDB
7.5 DrugWarning
...Glacialaceticacidiswidelyusedasasubstituteforchemicalpeelingbecauseitisreadily...availableand
affordable.However,itsusecanresultinanumberofseriouscomplications.A28yearoldfemalepatientwas
admittedto/the/hospitalwithdeepseconddegreechemicalburnsonherfacecausedbytheapplicationofa
mixtureofglacialaceticacidandflourforchemicalpeeling.Duringa6monthfollowup,hypertrophicscarring
developedonthebothnasolabialfoldsdespitescarmanagement.Glacialaceticacidisaconcentratedformof
theorganicacid,whichgivesvinegaritssourtasteandpungentsmell,anditisalsoanimportantreagentduring
theproductionoforganiccompounds.Unfortunately,misleadinginformationregardingtheuseofglacialacetic
acidforchemicalpeelingiscausingseriouschemicalburns.Furthermore,thereishighpossibilityofapoor
prognosis,whichincludesinflammation,hypertrophicscarformationandpigmentationassociatedwithits
misuse.... Abstract:PubMed
YooJHetal.JPlastReconstrAesthetSurg.63(12):e82931(2010).
fromHSDB
Theenhancedtoxicityofacidinstilleddirectlyintotherectum,withoutbenefitofdilutionandneutralizationin
theupperintestine,isevidentinacaseofaceticacidintoxicationbyaccidentalrectaladministrationof50mLof
9%aceticacidtoa5yroldboy.Thecomplicationsincludednecrosisofthecolon,acuterenalfailure,acuteliver
dysfunction,disseminatedintravascularcoagulopathy(DIC)andsepsis. Abstract:PubMed
KawamataMetalJToxicolClinToxicol32(3):33336(1994)
fromHSDB
Intwopatients,accidentalapplicationofaceticacidtotheeyesfollowedveryquicklybyirrigationwithwater
resultedinimmediatecornealopacification....Regenerationoftheepitheliumtookmanymonths,butcorneal
anesthesiaandopacitywerepermanent.
Bingham,E.Cohrssen,B.Powell,C.H.Patty'sToxicologyVolumes195thed.JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork,N.Y.(2001).,
p.V5703
fromHSDB
7.6 DrugIndication
Usedtotreatinfectionsintheearcanal.
fromDrugBank
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8 PharmacologyandBiochemistry
8.1 Pharmacology
AceticAcidisasyntheticcarboxylicacidwithantibacterialandantifungalproperties.Althoughitsmechanismof
actionisnotfullyknown,undissociatedaceticacidmayenhancelipidsolubilityallowingincreasedfattyacid
accumulationonthecellmembraneorinothercellwallstructures.Aceticacid,asaweakacid,caninhibit
carbohydratemetabolismresultinginsubsequentdeathoftheorganism.
fromNCIt
8.2 MeSHPharmacologicalClassification
IndicatorsandReagents
Substancesusedforthedetection,identification,analysis,etc.ofchemical,biological,orpathologicprocesses
orconditions.Indicatorsaresubstancesthatchangeinphysicalappearance,e.g.,color,atorapproachingthe
endpointofachemicaltitration,e.g.,onthepassagebetweenacidityandalkalinity.Reagentsaresubstances
usedforthedetectionordeterminationofanothersubstancebychemicalormicroscopicalmeans,especially
analysis.Typesofreagentsareprecipitants,solvents,oxidizers,reducers,fluxes,andcolorimetricreagents.
(FromGrantandHackh'sChemicalDictionary,5thed,p301,p499) SeealistofPubChemcompounds
matchingthiscategory.
fromMeSH
8.3 ATCCode
G01AD02Aceticacid<G01ADOrganicacids<G01AAntiinfectivesandantiseptics,excl.combinations
withcorticosteroids<G01Gynecologicalantiinfectivesandantiseptics<GGenitourinarysystemandsex
hormones Moreinformation...
fromWHOATC
S02AA10Aceticacid<S02AAAntiinfectives<S02AAntiinfectives<S02Otologicals<SSensory
organs
fromWHOATC
8.4 Absorption,DistributionandExcretion
AceticacidisabsorbedfromtheGItractandthroughthelung.
p.V5701
fromHSDB
8.5 Metabolism/Metabolites
Aceticacid...isreadilymetabolizedbymosttissuesandmaygiverisetotheproductionofketonebodiesas
intermediates.Invitro,acetateisincorporatedintophospholipids,neutrallipids,steroids,sterols,andsaturated
andunsaturatedfattyacidsinavarietyofhumanandanimaltissuepreparations....Metabolismof14(C)acetate
inmiceresultsinradioactivityassociatedwiththeproteinfractionsofplasmaandmostmajortissues.
p.V5701
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fromHSDB
Inthebody,aceticacidispartiallyconvertedintoformicacid.
Sheftel,V.O.IndirectFoodAdditivesandPolymers.MigrationandToxicology.LewisPublishers,BocaRaton,FL.2000.,p.
650
fromHSDB
Whendogswereadministeredlargedoses(12g/kgiporsc)ofsodiumacetate,onlysmallamountsappearedin
theurine,whichisevidenceoftherapidutilizationofaceticacid.
p.V5701
fromHSDB
8.6 MechanismofAction
Althoughaceticacidhasbeenshowntoinduceapoptosisinyeast,theexactapoptoticmechanismsremain
unknown.Here,/thestudyexamined/theeffectsofaceticacidtreatmentonyeastcellsby2DE,revealing
alterationsinthelevelsofproteinsdirectlyorindirectlylinkedwiththetargetofrapamycin(TOR)pathway:
aminoacidbiosynthesis,transcription/translationmachinery,carbohydratemetabolism,nucleotidebiosynthesis,
stressresponse,proteinturnoverandcellcycle.Theincreasedlevelsofproteinsinvolvedinaminoacid
biosynthesispresentedacounteractingresponsetoasevereintracellularaminoacidstarvationinducedbyacetic
acid.DeletionofGCN4andGCN2encodingkeyplayersofgeneralaminoacidcontrol(GAAC)systemcauseda
higherresistancetoaceticacidindicatinganinvolvementofGcn4p/Gcn2pintheapoptoticsignaling.
InvolvementoftheTORpathwayinaceticacidinducedapoptosiswasalsoreflectedbythehighersurvivalrates
associatedtoaterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferasemediateddUTPnickendlabeling(TUNEL)negative
phenotypeandlowerreactiveoxygenspecieslevelsofDeltator1cells.Inaddition,deletionmutantsforseveral
downstreammediatorsoftheTORpathwayrevealedthatapoptoticsignalinginvolvesthephosphatasesPph21p
andPph22pbutnotSit4p.Altogether,/these/resultsindicatethatGAACandTORpathways(Tor1p)are
involvedinthesignalingofaceticacidinducedapoptosis. Abstract:PubMed
AlmeidaBetalProteomics.9(3):72032(2009).
fromHSDB
Aceticacidwasfoundtohaveactionsonurinarybladdersmoothmusclein/the/routineionchannelscreening
assays.Numerousstudieshaveexaminedthemechanismsofbladderirritationbyaceticacidhowever,the
directeffectofaceticacidonionchannelsindetrusorsmoothmusclecellshasnotbeenevaluated./Thestudy/
usedwholecellpatchclamptechniquestoexaminetheeffectofaceticacidonlargeconductanceCa2+
activatedK+channels(BKCa)fromguineapigdetrusorsmoothmusclecellsandCHOcellsexpressing
recombinanthumanBKCaalphabeta1(CHOBKCaalphabeta1)andhumanBKCaalpha(CHOBKCaalpha).
AceticacidactivatedBKCacurrentsinaconcentrationdependent(0.01%to0.05%v/v)mannerinallthecell
systemsstudied.Aceticacid(0.05%)increasedBKCacurrentat+30mVby2764+/918%(n=8)inguineapig
detrusorsmoothmusclecells.Aceticacid(0.03%)shiftedtheV1/2ofconductancevoltagecurveby64+/14
(n=5),128+/14(n=5),and126+/12mV(n=4)inCHOBKCaalpha,CHOBKCaalphabeta1anddetrusor
smoothmusclecells,respectively.ThiseffectofaceticacidwasfoundtobeindependentofpHandwasalsonot
producedbyitssaltform,sodiumacetate.Automatedpatchclampexperimentsalsoshowedsimilaractivation
ofCHOBKCaalphabeta1byaceticacid.Inconclusion,aceticaciddirectlyactivatesBKCachannelsindetrusor
smoothmusclecells.Thisnovelstudynecessitatescautionwhileinterpretingtheresultsfromaceticacidbladder
irritationmodel. Abstract:PubMed
GhattaSetalEurJPharmacol.563(13):2038(2007).
fromHSDB
/Itwas/previouslyshownthataceticacidactivatesamitochondriadependentdeathprocessinSaccharomyces
cerevisiaeandthattheADP/ATPcarrier(AAC)isrequiredformitochondrialoutermembranepermeabilization
andcytochromecrelease.Mitochondrialfragmentationanddegradationhavealsobeenshowninresponseto
thisdeathstimulus.Herein,/thestudy/showthatautophagyisnotactiveincellsundergoingaceticacidinduced
apoptosisandisthereforenotresponsibleformitochondrialdegradation.Furthermore,/thestudy/foundthatthe
vacuolarproteasePep4pandtheAACproteinshavearoleinmitochondrialdegradationusingyeastgenetic
approaches.DepletionandoverexpressionofPep4p,anorthologueofhumancathepsinD,delaysandenhances
mitochondrialdegradationrespectively.Moreover,Pep4pisreleasedfromthevacuoleintothecytosolin
responsetoaceticacidtreatment.AACdeletedcellsalsoshowadecreaseinmitochondrialdegradationin
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responsetoaceticacidandarenotdefectiveinPep4prelease.Therefore,AACproteinsseemtoaffect
mitochondrialdegradationatastepsubsequenttoPep4prelease,possiblytriggeringdegradationthroughtheir
involvementinmitochondrialpermeabilization.ThefindingthatbothmitochondrialAACproteinsandthe
vacuolarPep4pinterferewithmitochondrialdegradationsuggestsacomplexregulationandinterplaybetween
mitochondriaandthevacuoleinyeastprogrammedcelldeath. Abstract:PubMed
PereiraCetalMolMicrobiol.76(6):1398410(2010).
fromHSDB
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9 UseandManufacturing
9.1 Uses
9.1.1 IndustryUses
1.Adhesivesandsealantchemicals
11.Plasticizers
2.Adsorbentsandabsorbents
12.Processingaids,nototherwiselisted
3.Agriculturalchemicals(nonpesticidal)
13.Processingaids,specifictopetroleump
4.Corrosioninhibitorsandantiscalingagents
14.Solvents(forcleaningordegreasing)
5.Dyes
15.Solvents(whichbecomepartofproduct
6.Intermediates
7.Odoragents
8.Oxidizing/reducingagents
9.Paintadditivesandcoatingadditivesnotdescribedbyothercategories
10.Pigments
9.1.2 ConsumerUses
1.PaperProducts
2.WaterTreatmentProducts
9.2 MethodsofManufacturing
Themajorroutesforsyntheticaceticacidincludemethanolcarbonylation,acetaldehydeoxidation,
butane/naphthaoxidation,andmethylacetatecarbonylation.Comparativelysmallamountsaregeneratedby
butaneliquidphaseoxidation,directethanoloxidation,andsynthesisgas.
WagnerFSAceticAcid.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology(19992014).JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Online
PostingDate:April29,2014
fromHSDB
Obtainedinthedestructivedistillationofwoodfromacetyleneandwater,viaacetaldehydebyoxidationwithair.
fromHSDB
Liquidandvaporphaseoxidationofpetroleumgases(withcatalyst)...oxidationofacetaldehyde...reactionof
methanolandcarbonmonoxide(withcatalystthisisthemostcostefficientmethodandhasbeeningeneral
useforsomeyears)...fermentativeoxidationofethanol.
fromHSDB
Acetaldehyde(airoxidation):acetaldehyde+oxygen(HoechstShawiniganprocesscoproducedwithacetic
anhydride):acetaldehyde(airoxidationcoproducedwithperaceticacid):methanol+carbonmonoxide
(BASF/Monsantocarbonylationprocesses):methanol+carbonmonoxide(BPacetylsprocesscoproducedwith
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aceticanhydride):naphtha,heavy(liquidphaseoxidationcoproducedwithacetone/methylethylketone/formic
acid/propionicacid):nbutane(CelaneseLPOprocesscoproducedwithmethanol/ethanol/acetone/methylethyl
ketone/formicacid/propionicacid/nbutyricacid/methylformate):aceticanhydride+cottonlinters/bleachedwood
pulp(acetylation/partialhydrolysisbyproductofcelluloseacetateproduction)
Ashford,R.D.Ashford'sDictionaryofIndustrialChemicals.London,England:WavelengthPublicationsLtd.,1994.,p.11
fromHSDB
9.3 Impurities
0.0001%CHLORIDE,0.00005%LEAD,0.00002%IRON0.015%SULFURDIOXIDE0.001%SULFATE
CONSIDINE,DMCHEMICALANDPROCESSTECHNOLOGYENCYCLOPEDIA,(1974)p.20
fromHSDB
Wateristhechiefimpurityinaceticacidalthoughothermaterialssuchasacetaldehyde,aceticanhydride,formic
acid,biacetyl,methylacetate,ethylacetoacetate,ironandmercuryarealsosometimesfound.
fromHSDB
9.4 Formulations/Preparations
Grades:USP/UnitedStatesPharmacopeia/(glacial,99.4wt%anddilute,3637wt%),CP/chemicallypure:a
gradedesignationsignifyingaminimumofimpurities,butnot100%purity/technical(8099.5%)commercial
(6,28,30,36,56,70,80and99.5%)NF/nationalformulary/(diluted6.0g/100mL).
fromHSDB
Glacialaceticacidisconsideredtobe99.50wt%orhigher.Adifferentgradehasaminimumconcentrationof
99.70wt%.Specialtyusersrequirewatersolutionsof86and36%.Suchgradesarepreparedonspecialorder.
Onlyminorquantitiesofthesegradesaremarketed,andtheiruseisvanishing.
fromHSDB
Vinegar.../is/anaqueoussolutioncontainingabout412%aceticacid.
LeBerreCetalAceticAcid.Ullmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry7thed.(19992014).NY,NY:JohnWiley&
Sons.OnlinePostingDate:March26,2014
fromHSDB
EcosharpWeed&GrassKiller(EcovalCorporation):Activeingredient:vinegar25.0%.
NationalPesticideInformationRetrievalSystem'sDatabaseonAceticAcid(64197).Availablefrom,asofJune12,2014:
http://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/
fromHSDB
EcosharpWeed&GrassKillerReadytoUse(EcovalCorporation):Activeingredient:vinegar6.25%.
fromHSDB
WeedWorksWeed&GrassKiller(WeedWorks,Inc):Activeingredient:vinegar20.0%.
fromHSDB
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SummersetAlldownConcentrate(SummersetProducts):Activeingredient:vinegar23.0%,citricacid14.0%.
fromHSDB
SummersetAlldownHerbicide(SummersetProducts):Activeingredient:vinegar8.0%,citricacid6.0%.
fromHSDB
WaspHornetYellowjacketAttractantSystem(BullRunScientific,VBT):Activeingredient:vinegar8.0%,heptyl
butyrate99.8%,59.75%.
fromHSDB
Fleischmann'sVinegarWeedControl(Fleischmann'sVinegarCompany,Inc):Activeingredient:vinegar20.0%.
fromHSDB
GrotekElimaweedWeedandGrassKiller(GreenstarPlantProducts,Inc):Activeingredient:vinegar7.15%.
fromHSDB
9.5 Consumption
Vinylacetatemonomer(VAM),60%aceticanhydride,includingproductionofcelluloseacetate,10%esters,
10%CMT/PTA,10%miscellaneous,includingtextilesandchloroaceticacid,10%.
KavalerARChemicalMarketingReporter.ChemicalProfile:AceticAcid.May1,1995
fromHSDB
Demand:1994:3.82billionpounds1995:3.9billionpounds1999/projected/:4.2billionpounds(Figuresare
fortheUSandincludeexports,whichwere260millionpoundsin1993,butnotimports,whichwere25million
pounds.)
KavalerARChemicalMarketingReporter.ChemicalProfile:AceticAcid.May1,1995
fromHSDB
CHEMICALPROFILE:Aceticacid.Demand:1988:3.36billionlb1989:3.45billionlb1993/projected/:3.80
billionlb.(1988figureincludesimportsof193millionlb,muchofwhichwasbroughtinbyHoechstCelanesein
responsetotheoutageatPampahistorically,importsarenegligible.Allfiguresincludeexports.)
KavalerARChemicalMarketingReporter235(15):46(1989)
fromHSDB
Worldwidedemandforaceticacidin2011wasapproximately10.25X10+6metricton.Estimateddemandfor
2020isapproximately15.94X10+6metricton.
fromHSDB
Thelargestendusesareinthemanufactureofvinylacetateandaceticanhydrideandasaprocesssolventfor
theproductionofterephthalicacid.
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fromHSDB
Vinylacetatemonomeristhelargestuseforaceticacid.InChina,theUnitedStates,WesternEurope,and
Japanandrepresents32%ofuse.Themonomerisusedinpolymermanufactureforadhesivesandcoatings.
Thesecondlargestuseisforterephthalicacidproduction.Theacidisusedtomanufacturepoly(ethylene
terephthalate)solidstatepackagingresins,fibers,andfilms.Asimilarglobalvolumeisusedtomakeacetate
estersforuseassolventininks,paintsandcoatings.Aceticacidforaceticanhydrideproductionaccountsfora
smalleramountinthedemandtotal.
fromHSDB
9.6 U.S.Production
(1972)1.01X10+12G
SRI
fromHSDB
(1975)9.98X10+11G
SRI
fromHSDB
(1984)1.19X10+12G/SYNTHETIC/
USITC.SYNORGCHEMU.S.PROD/SALES1984p.254
fromHSDB
19901.71X10+12G
ChemandEngNews69(14):14(1991)
fromHSDB
(1990)3.75billionlb
Chem&EngineeringNews70(15):17(4/13/92)
fromHSDB
(1991)3.62billionlb
fromHSDB
(1992)3.59billionlb
fromHSDB
(1993)3.66billionlb
fromHSDB
In1996,NorthAmericawastheregionwiththegreatestaceticacidproductionatabout36%oftheworldtotal.
WesternEuropewassecondwithabout24%followedbyJapanat15%andEasternAsiawith14%.
Ullmann'sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry.6thed.Vol1:FederalRepublicofGermany:WileyVCHVerlagGmbH&Co.
2003toPresent,p.V1172(2003)
fromHSDB
AceticacidislistedasaHighProductionVolume(HPV)chemical(65FR81686).ChemicalslistedasHPVwere
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producedinorimportedintotheU.S.in>1millionpoundsin1990and/or1994.TheHPVlistisbasedonthe
1990InventoryUpdateRule.(IUR)(40CFRpart710subpartB51FR21438).
EPA/OfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxicsHighProductionVolume(HPV)ChallengeProgram.AceticAcid(64197).
Availablefrom,asofJune12,2014:http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/general/opptsrch.htm
fromHSDB
ProductionvolumesfornonconfidentialchemicalsreportedundertheInventoryUpdateRule.
Year
ProductionRange(pounds)
1986
>1billion
1990
>1billion
1994
>1billion
1998
>1billion
2002
>1billion
USEPANonconfidentialProductionVolumeInformationSubmittedbyCompaniesforChemicalsUnderthe19862002
InventoryUpdateRule(IUR).AceticAcid(64197).Availablefrom,asofJune12,2014:http://epa.gov/cdr/tools/data/2002
vol.html
fromHSDB
Productionvolumefornonconfidentialchemicalsreportedunderthe2006InventoryUpdateRule.Chemical:
Aceticacid.AggregatedNationalProductionVolume:1billionpoundsandgreater.
USEPANonConfidential2006InventoryUpdateReporting.NationalChemicalInformation.AceticAcid(64197).Available
from,asofJune12,2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm
fromHSDB
Nonconfidential2014ChemicalDataReporting(CDR)informationontheproductionanduseofchemicals
manufacturedorimportedintotheUnitedStates.Chemical:Aceticacid.NationalProductionVolume:
8,494,810,321lb/yr.
USEPA/PollutionPreventionandToxics2014ChemicalDataReportingDatabase.AceticAcid(64197).Availablefrom,as
ofJune12,2014:http://java.epa.gov/oppt_chemical_search/
fromHSDB
Themajorproducersofaceticacid,accountingforca.>80%oftotalworldwideproduction,arelocatedinAsia
andNorthAmerica.Worldcapacityexceeds12X10+6t/a.
fromHSDB
9.7 U.S.Imports
(1972)4.54X10+7G
SRI
fromHSDB
(1975)2.72X10+8G
SRI
fromHSDB
(1983)2.72X10+10g(EST)
CHEMICALPRODUCTSSYNOPSIS:ACETICACID,1984
fromHSDB
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9.8 U.S.Exports
(1972)NEGLIGIBLE
SRI
fromHSDB
(1975)2.42X10+9G
SRI
fromHSDB
(1984)9.17X10+9g
BUREAUOFCENSUS.USEXPORTS1984,p.278
fromHSDB
9.9 SamplingProcedures
Arangeof5to50ppmofaceticacidinairmaybedeterminedusingaDragerdetectortubeforaceticacid.A
colorchangeofthebluishvioletlayertoyellowindicatesaceticacid.Thecolorchangeisbasedonthereaction
betweenaceticacidandanacidindicatorinthereactionampule.
fromHSDB
NIOSHMethod1603.Analyte:AceticacidMatrix:Air.Sampler:Solidsorbenttube(coconutshellcharcoal,100
mg/50mg).FlowRate:0.01to1.0L/min.SampleSize:100liters.SampleStability:Atleast7daysat25deg
C.
U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService.CentersforDiseaseControl,NationalInstitutefor
OccupationalSafetyandHealth.NIOSHManualofAnalyticalMethods,3rded.Volumes1and2with1985supplement,and
revisions.Washington,DC:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,February1984.,p.16031
fromHSDB
Atmosphericorganicacidswerecollectedonapotassiumhydroxideimpregnatedquartzfilterandderivatizedto
pbromophenacylesters.
KawamuraKetalEnvironSciTechnol19(11):10826(1985)
fromHSDB
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10 Identification
10.1 AnalyticLaboratoryMethods
Method:NIOSH1603,Issue2Procedure:gaschromatographywithflameionizationdetectorAnalyte:acetic
acidMatrix:airDetectionLimit:0.01mgpersample.
CDCNIOSHManualofAnalyticalMethods,4thed.AceticAcid(64197).Availablefrom,asofJune13,2014:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003154/
fromHSDB
Method:OSHAID186SGProcedure:ionchromatographyAnalyte:aceticacidMatrix:airDetectionLimit:
0.006ppm.
U.S.DepartmentofLabor/OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration'sIndexofSamplingandAnalyticalMethods.Acetic
Acid(64197).Availablefrom,asofJune16,2014:http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html
fromHSDB
Method:OSHAPV2119Procedure:ionchromatographyusingconductivitydetectorAnalyte:aceticacid
Matrix:airDetectionLimit:2.9ppb.
U.S.DepartmentofLabor/OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration'sIndexofSamplingandAnalyticalMethods.Acetic
Acid(64197).Availablefrom,asofJune16,2014:http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html
fromHSDB
Method:AOAC945.52,FattyAcids(Volatile)inSeafoodProcedure:ChromatographicseparationAnalyte:
aceticacidMatrix:seafoodDetectionLevel:Notprovided.
HorwitzW,ed.OfficialMethodsofAnalysisofAOACInternational17thed.(2000).CDROM,AOACInternational,
Gaithersburg,MD
fromHSDB
Method:AOAC950.35,AceticandPropionicAcidsinBreadProcedure:ChromatographicmethodAnalyte:
aceticacidMatrix:breadDetectionLevel:Notprovided.
Gaithersburg,MD
fromHSDB
Method:AOAC93807,FattyAcids(Volatile)inEggsProcedure:ColumnchromatographicmethodAnalyte:
aceticacidMatrix:eggsDetectionLevel:Notprovided.
Gaithersburg,MD
fromHSDB
Inliquidchromatographyan8%crosslinkedsulfonatedpolystyrenecationexchangerwasusedasstationary
phase.Ethanoleluentsuccessfullyseparatedaceticacid.
HSUTETALJCHINCHEMSOC(TAIPEI)26(1):214(1979)
fromHSDB
Aceticacidisdeterminedbytitrationwith0.1normalsodiumhydroxideusingphenolphthaleinasanindicator.
fromHSDB
Detectionofaceticacidinsoil:Concentrationsofaceticacidattheppmlevelmaybedetectedusingaflame
ionizationdetector.
fromHSDB
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10.2 OSHAChemicalSampling
Aceticacid
fromOSHAChemicalSamplingInformation
10.3 NIOSHAnalyticalMethods
ACETICACID1603
fromNIOSHManualofAnalyticalMethods
ACETICACID1603
fromNIOSHManualofAnalyticalMethods
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11 SafetyandHazards
11.1 HazardsIdentification
11.1.1 GHSClassification
Signal:Danger
GHSHazardStatements
H226:Flammableliquidandvapor[WarningFlammableliquidsCategory3]
H312:Harmfulincontactwithskin[WarningAcutetoxicity,dermalCategory4]
H314:Causessevereskinburnsandeyedamage[DangerSkincorrosion/irritationCategory1A,B,C]
H318:Causesseriouseyedamage[DangerSeriouseyedamage/eyeirritationCategory1]
H370:Causesdamagetoorgans[DangerSpecifictargetorgantoxicity,singleexposureCategory1]
H402:Harmfultoaquaticlife[Hazardoustotheaquaticenvironment,acutehazardCategory3]
PrecautionaryStatements
P210:Keepawayfromheat,hotsurface,sparks,openflamesandotherignitionsources.Nosmoking.
P233:Keepcontainertightlyclosed.
P240:Ground/bondcontainerandreceivingequipment.
P241:Useexplosionproof[electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../]equipment.
P242:Useonlynonsparkingtools.
P243:Takeprecautionarymeasuresagainststaticdischarge.
P260:Donotbreathedust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P264:Wash...thoroughlyafterhandling.
P270:Donoteat,drinkorsmokewhenusingthisproduct.
P273:Avoidreleasetotheenvironment.
P280:Wearprotectivegloves/protectiveclothing/eyeprotection/faceprotection.
P301+P330+P331:IFSWALLOWED:Rinsemouth.DoNOTinducevomiting.
P302+P352:IFONSKIN:washwithplentyofwater.
P303+P361+P353:IFONSKIN(orhair):TakeoffImmediatelyallcontaminatedclothing.RinseSKINwith
water[orshower].
P304+P340:IFINHALED:Removepersontofreshairandkeepcomfortableforbreathing.
P305+P351+P338:IFINEYES:Rinsecautiouslywithwaterforseveralminutes.Removecontactlensesif
presentandeasytodocontinuerinsing.
P307+P311:IFexposed:callaPOISONCENTERordoctor/physician.
P310:ImmediatelycallaPOISONCENTERordoctor/physician.
P312:CallaPOISONCENTERordoctor/...ifyoufeelunwell.
P321:Specifictreatment(see...onthislabel).
P322:Specificmeasures(see...onthislabel).
P363:Washcontaminatedclothingbeforereuse.
P370+P378:Incaseoffire:Use...toextinguish.
P403+P235:Storeinawellventilatedplace.Keepcool.
P405:Storelockedup.
P501:Disposeofcontents/containerto...
fromNITECMC
ViewGHSClassificationfromall(4)sources.
11.1.2 HealthHazard
Breathingofvaporscausescoughing,chestpain,andirritationofnoseandthroatmaycausenausea
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andvomiting.Contactwithskinandeyecausesburns.(USCG,1999)
fromCAMEOChemicals
ExcerptfromGUIDE153[SubstancesToxicand/orCorrosive(Combustible)]:TOXICinhalation,ingestionor
skincontactwithmaterialmaycausesevereinjuryordeath.Contactwithmoltensubstancemaycausesevere
burnstoskinandeyes.Avoidanyskincontact.Effectsofcontactorinhalationmaybedelayed.Firemay
produceirritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.Runofffromfirecontrolordilutionwatermaybecorrosiveand/or
toxicandcausepollution.(ERG,2012)
fromCAMEOChemicals
ExcerptfromGUIDE132[FlammableLiquidsCorrosive]:Maycausetoxiceffectsifinhaledor
ingested/swallowed.Contactwithsubstancemaycausesevereburnstoskinandeyes.Firewillproduce
irritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorsuffocation.Runofffromfirecontrolor
dilutionwatermaycausepollution.(ERG,2012)
fromCAMEOChemicals
Corrosive,Flammable2nddegree
fromNJDOHRTKHazardousSubstanceList
11.1.3 FireHazard
Flammable.
fromILOICSC
11.1.4 ExplosionHazard
Above39Cexplosivevapour/airmixturesmaybeformed.Riskoffireandexplosiononcontactwithstrong
oxidants.
fromILOICSC
11.1.5 FirePotential
Moderatefirerisk.
fromHSDB
11.1.6 Skin,Eye,andRespiratoryIrritations
Thevaporofaceticacidisirritatingtotheeyesandnose,causinglacrimationandhyperemia.
Grant,W.M.ToxicologyoftheEye.3rded.Springfield,IL:CharlesC.ThomasPublisher,1986.,p.40
fromHSDB
Irritatingconcn:25mg/cum.
RuthJHAmIndHygJ47:A14251(1986)
fromHSDB
...Eyeirritationhasbeennotedataconcentrationbelow10ppm.
2
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fromHSDB
Vaporsstronglyirritatingtoeyesandrespiratorytract.
OLSON,K.R.(Ed).PoisoningandDrugOverdose,SixthEdition.McGrawHill,NewYork,NY2012,p.585
fromHSDB
11.2 SafetyandHazardProperties
11.2.1 LEL
4.0%
11.2.2 UEL
(200F):19.9%
11.2.3 Flammability
Lowerflammablelimit:4.0%byvolumeUpperflammablelimit:19.9%byvolume
fromHSDB
ClassIICombustibleLiquid:Fl.P.atorabove100Fandbelow140F.
11.2.4 CriticalTemperature
Criticaltemperature:592.71K(319.56degC)criticalpressure:5.786MPa(4.340X10+4mmHg)
639
fromHSDB
11.2.5 CriticalPressure
Criticaltemperature:592.71K(319.56degC)criticalpressure:5.786MPa(4.340X10+4mmHg)
639
fromHSDB
11.2.6 NFPAHazardClassification
Health:3.3=Materialsthat,onshortexposure,couldcauseserioustemporaryorresidualinjury,includingthose
requiringprotectionfromallbodilycontact.Firefightersmayentertheareaonlyiftheyareprotectedfromall
contactwiththematerial.Fullprotectiveclothing,includingselfcontainedbreathingapparatus,coat,pants,
gloves,boots,andbandsaroundlegs,arms,andwaist,shouldbeprovided.Noskinsurfaceshouldbeexposed.
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fromHSDB
Flammability:2.2=Thisdegreeincludesmaterialsthatmustbemoderatelyheatedbeforeignitionwilloccurand
includesClassIIandIIIAcombustibleliquidsandsolidsandsemisolidsthatreadilygiveoffignitiblevapors.
Waterspraymaybeusedtoextinguishfiresinthesematerialsbecausethematerialscanbecooledbelowtheir
flashpoints.
fromHSDB
Instability:0.0=Thisdegreeincludesmaterialsthatarenormallystable,evenunderfireexposureconditions,
andthatdonotreactwithwater.Normalfirefightingproceduresmaybeused.
fromHSDB
11.2.7 NFPAFireRating
2
fromOSHAOccupationalChemicalDB,CAMEOChemicals
11.2.8 NFPAHealthRating
2
3
fromCAMEOChemicals
11.2.9 ChemicalDangers
50ppm
fromHSDB
Thesubstanceisaweakacid.Reactsviolentlywithstrongoxidants.Thisgeneratesfireandexplosionhazard.
Reactsviolentlywithstrongbases,strongacidsandmanyothercompounds.Attackssomeformsofplastic,
rubberandcoatings.
fromILOICSC
11.2.10 ExplosiveLimitsandPotential
Unneutralized,combustibleaceticacidshouldnotbeallowedtoenteraconfinedspace,suchasasewer,
becauseofthepossibilityofanexplosion.
4
fromHSDB
vol%inair:6.017
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fromILOICSC
11.2.11 OSHAStandards
PermissibleExposureLimit:TableZ18hrTimeWeightedAvg:10ppm(25mg/cum).
29CFR1910.1000(USDOL)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
Availablefrom,asofJune9,2014:http://www.ecfr.gov
fromHSDB
11.2.12 NIOSHRecommendations
RecommendedExposureLimit:10hourTimeWeightedAverage:10ppm(25mg/cum).
fromHSDB
RecommendedExposureLimit:15minuteShortTermExposureLimit:15ppm(37mg/cum).
fromHSDB
11.3 FirstAidMeasures
11.3.1 FirstAid
(Seeprocedures)
Eye:Irrigateimmediately
Skin:Waterflushimmediately
Breathing:Respiratorysupport
Swallow:Medicalattentionimmediately
EYES:Firstcheckthevictimforcontactlensesandremoveifpresent.Flushvictim'seyeswithwaterornormal
salinesolutionfor20to30minuteswhilesimultaneouslycallingahospitalorpoisoncontrolcenter.Donotput
anyointments,oils,ormedicationinthevictim'seyeswithoutspecificinstructionsfromaphysician.
IMMEDIATELYtransportthevictimafterflushingeyestoahospitalevenifnosymptoms(suchasrednessor
irritation)develop.SKIN:IMMEDIATELYfloodaffectedskinwithwaterwhileremovingandisolatingall
contaminatedclothing.Gentlywashallaffectedskinareasthoroughlywithsoapandwater.IMMEDIATELYcall
ahospitalorpoisoncontrolcenterevenifnosymptoms(suchasrednessorirritation)develop.IMMEDIATELY
transportthevictimtoahospitalfortreatmentafterwashingtheaffectedareas.INHALATION:IMMEDIATELY
leavethecontaminatedareatakedeepbreathsoffreshair.Ifsymptoms(suchaswheezing,coughing,
shortnessofbreath,orburninginthemouth,throat,orchest)develop,callaphysicianandbepreparedto
transportthevictimtoahospital.Provideproperrespiratoryprotectiontorescuersenteringanunknown
atmosphere.Wheneverpossible,SelfContainedBreathingApparatus(SCBA)shouldbeusedifnotavailable,
usealevelofprotectiongreaterthanorequaltothatadvisedunderProtectiveClothing.INGESTION:DONOT
INDUCEVOMITING.Corrosivechemicalswilldestroythemembranesofthemouth,throat,andesophagus
and,inaddition,haveahighriskofbeingaspiratedintothevictim'slungsduringvomitingwhichincreasesthe
medicalproblems.Ifthevictimisconsciousandnotconvulsing,give1or2glassesofwatertodilutethe
chemicalandIMMEDIATELYcallahospitalorpoisoncontrolcenter.IMMEDIATELYtransportthevictimtoa
hospital.Ifthevictimisconvulsingorunconscious,donotgiveanythingbymouth,ensurethatthevictim's
airwayisopenandlaythevictimonhis/hersidewiththeheadlowerthanthebody.DONOTINDUCE
VOMITING.TransportthevictimIMMEDIATELYtoahospital.(NTP,1992)
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11.3.2 InhalationFirstAid
Freshair,rest.Halfuprightposition.Referimmediatelyformedicalattention.
fromILOICSC
11.3.3 SkinFirstAid
Removecontaminatedclothes.Rinseandthenwashskinwithwaterandsoap.Rinseskinwithplentyofwateror
showerforatleast15minutes.Referimmediatelyformedicalattention.
fromILOICSC
11.3.4 EyeFirstAid
Rinsewithplentyofwater(removecontactlensesifeasilypossible).Referimmediatelyformedicalattention.
fromILOICSC
11.3.5 IngestionFirstAid
Rinsemouth.DoNOTinducevomiting.Ifwithinafewminutesafteringestion,onesmallglassofwatermaybe
giventodrink.Referimmediatelyformedicalattention.
fromILOICSC
11.4 FireFightingMeasures
Usewaterspray,drychemical,"alcoholresistant"foam,orcarbondioxide.Usewatertokeepfireexposed
containerscool.
fromHSDB
/Whenfightingfire/useselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepieceoperatedinpressuredemandor
otherpositivepressuremode.
1
fromHSDB
11.4.1 FireFighting
Usepowder,alcoholresistantfoam,waterspray,carbondioxide.
fromILOICSC
Usewaterinfloodingquantitiesasfog.Solidstreamsofwatermaybeineffective.Coolallaffectedcontainers
withfloodingquantitiesofwater.Applywaterfromasfaradistanceaspossible.Use"alcohol"foam,dry
chemicalorcarbondioxide.Usewaterspraytoknockdownvapors.(AAR,1999)
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11.4.2 ExplosionFireFighting
Incaseoffire:keepdrums,etc.,coolbysprayingwithwater.
fromILOICSC
11.4.3 OtherFireFightingHazards
Adviceforfirefighters:wearselfcontainedbreathingapparatusforfirefighting....
SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforEthylAcetate,ProductNumber:319902,Version4.9.(RevisionDate
06/18/2014).Availablefrom,asofJune25,2014.http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safetycenter.html
fromHSDB
Combustionmayproduceirritantsandtoxicgases.
fromHSDB
11.5 AccidentalReleaseMeasures
11.5.1 SpillageDisposal
Removeallignitionsources.Personalprotection:chemicalprotectionsuitincludingselfcontainedbreathing
apparatus.DoNOTletthischemicalentertheenvironment.Collectleakingliquidinsealablecontainers.
Cautiouslyneutralizespilledliquidwithsodiumcarbonateonlyundertheresponsibilityofanexpert.
fromILOICSC
11.5.2 CleanupMethods
Collectleakingliquidinsealablecontainers.Cautiouslyneutralizespilledliquidwithsodiumcarbonateonlyunder
theresponsibilityofanexpert.Washawayremainderwithplentyofwater(extrapersonalprotection:chemical
protectionsuitincludingselfcontainedbreathingapparatus).
IPCS,CECInternationalChemicalSafetyCardonAceticacid(October1997).Availablefrom,asofFebruary9,2004:
http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0466.htm
fromHSDB
Removeallignitionsources,ventilateareaofspillorleak.Ifinliquidform,forsmallquantities,absorbonpaper
towels...largequantitiescanbecollected&atomizedinsuitablecombustionchamber,ordiluted...neutralized
&flushedintoasewer.Ifinthesolidform,collectinthemostsafe&convenientmannerforreclamationor
allowtomelt&collectasabove.
4
fromHSDB
Methodsandmaterialsforcontainmentandcleaningup:soakupwithinertabsorbentmaterial(e.g.sand,silica
gel,acidbinder,universalbinder,sawdust).Containspillage,soakupwithnoncombustibleabsorbentmaterial,
(e.g.sand,earth,diatomaceousearth,vermiculite)andtransfertoacontainerfordisposalaccordingto
local/nationalregulations.
SigmaAldrichMaterialSafetyDataSheetforAceticAcid,ProductNumber:320099,Version5.4(RevisionDate
fromHSDB
Environmentalprecautions:preventfurtherleakageorspillageifsafetodoso.Donotletproductenterdrains.
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fromHSDB
Usewaterspraytocoolanddispersevapors,protectpersonnel,anddilutespillstoformnonflammablemixtures.
Usesodaashtoneutralizespills.Controlrunoffandisolatedischargedmaterialforproperdisposal.
fromHSDB
Thefollowingwastewatertreatmenttechnologieshavebeeninvestigatedforaceticacid:Activatedcarbon.
USEPAManagementofHazardousWasteLeachate,EPAContractNo.68032766p.E128(1982)
fromHSDB
Thefollowingwastewatertreatmenttechnologieshavebeeninvestigatedforaceticacid:Reverseosmosis.
USEPAManagementofHazardousWasteLeachate,EPAContractNo.68032766p.E81(1982)
fromHSDB
11.5.3 DisposalMethods
SRP:Themostfavorablecourseofactionistouseanalternativechemicalproductwithlessinherentpropensity
foroccupationalharm/injury/toxicityorenvironmentalcontamination.Recycleanyunusedportionofthematerial
foritsapproveduseorreturnittothemanufacturerorsupplier.Ultimatedisposalofthechemicalmustconsider:
thematerial'simpactonairqualitypotentialmigrationinsoilorwatereffectsonanimalandplantlifeand
conformancewithenvironmentalandpublichealthregulations.
fromHSDB
SRP:Wastewaterfromcontaminantsuppression,cleaningofprotectiveclothing/equipment,orcontaminated
sitesshouldbecontainedandevaluatedforsubjectchemicalordecompositionproductconcentrations.
Concentrationsshallbelowerthanapplicableenvironmentaldischargeordisposalcriteria.Alternatively,
pretreatmentand/ordischargetoapermittedwastewatertreatmentfacilityisacceptableonlyafterreviewbythe
governingauthorityandassurancethat"passthrough"violationswillnotoccur.Dueconsiderationshallbegiven
toremediationworkerexposure(inhalation,dermalandingestion)aswellasfateduringtreatment,transferand
disposal.Ifitisnotpracticabletomanagethechemicalinthisfashion,itmustbeevaluatedinaccordancewith
EPA40CFRPart261,specificallySubpartB,inordertodeterminetheappropriatelocal,stateandfederal
requirementsfordisposal.
fromHSDB
Burninachemicalincineratorequippedwithanafterburnerandscrubberbutexertextracareinignitingasthis
materialishighlyflammable.Offersurplusandnonrecyclablesolutionstoalicenseddisposalcompany.Contact
alicensedprofessionalwastedisposalservicetodisposeofthismaterial.Contaminatedpackaging:disposeof
asunusedproduct.
fromHSDB
11.5.4 OtherPreventativeMeasures
SRP:Thescientificliteraturefortheuseofcontactlensesbyindustrialworkersisinconsistent.Thebenefitsor
detrimentaleffectsofwearingcontactlensesdependnotonlyuponthesubstance,butalsoonfactorsincluding
theformofthesubstance,characteristicsanddurationoftheexposure,theusesofothereyeprotection
equipment,andthehygieneofthelenses.However,theremaybeindividualsubstanceswhoseirritatingor
corrosivepropertiesaresuchthatthewearingofcontactlenseswouldbeharmfultotheeye.Inthosespecific
cases,contactlensesshouldnotbeworn.Inanyevent,theusualeyeprotectionequipmentshouldbeworn
evenwhencontactlensesareinplace.
fromHSDB
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SRP:Contaminatedprotectiveclothingshouldbesegregatedinamannersuchthatthereisnodirectpersonal
contactbypersonnelwhohandle,dispose,orcleantheclothing.Thecompletenessofthecleaningprocedures
shouldbeconsideredbeforethedecontaminatedprotectiveclothingisreturnedforreusebytheworkers.
Contaminatedclothingshouldnotbetakenhomeattheendofshift,butshouldremainatemployee'splaceof
workforcleaning.
fromHSDB
Precautionsforsafehandling:avoidinhalationofvaporormist.KeepawayfromsourcesofignitionNo
smoking.Takemeasurestopreventthebuildupofelectrostaticcharge.
fromHSDB
Specialprecautions:Liquidaceticacidwillattacksomeformsofplastics,rubber,andcoatings.
2
fromHSDB
Clothingcontaminatedwithaceticacidshouldbeplacedinclosedcontainersforstorageuntilitcanbediscarded
oruntilprovisionismadefortheremovalofaceticacidfromtheclothing.Iftheclothingistobelaunderedor
otherwisecleanedtoremovetheaceticacid,thepersonperformingtheoperationshouldbeinformedofacetic
acid'shazardousproperties.
3
fromHSDB
Handlewithgloves.Glovesmustbeinspectedpriortouse.Usepropergloveremovaltechnique(without
touchingglove'soutersurface)toavoidskincontactwiththisproduct.Disposeofcontaminatedglovesafteruse
inaccordancewithapplicablelawsandgoodlaboratorypractices.Washanddryhands.
fromHSDB
Keepcontainertightlyclosedinadryandwellventilatedplace.Containerswhichareopenedmustbecarefully
resealedandkeptuprighttopreventleakage.Moisturesensitive.
fromHSDB
Employeeswhohandlesolidorliquidaceticacidorsolutionscontainingaceticacidshouldwashtheirhands
thoroughlybeforeeating,smoking,orusingtoiletfacilities.
3
fromHSDB
Nonimperviousclothingwhichbecomescontaminatedwithsolidorliquidaceticacidorsolutionscontaining50%
ormoreofaceticacidbyweightshouldberemovedimmediatelyandnotrewornuntiltheaceticacidisremoved
fromtheclothing.Nonimperviousclothingwhichbecomescontaminatedwithsolutionscontaininglessthan50%
butgreaterthan10%ofaceticacidbyweightshouldberemovedpromptlyadnotrewornuntiltheaceticacidis
removedfromtheclothing.
3
fromHSDB
Wherethereisanypossibilityofexposureofanemployees'bodytosolidorliquidaceticacidorsolutions
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containing50%ormoreofaceticacidbyweight,facilitiesforquickdrenchingofthebodyshouldbeprovided
withintheimmediateworkareaforemergencyuse.
3
fromHSDB
Theworkershouldimmediatelywashtheskinwhenitbecomescontaminated./>10%/
fromHSDB
Workclothingthatbecomeswetorsignificantlycontaminatedshouldberemovedandreplaced./>10%/
fromHSDB
11.6 HandlingandStorage
11.6.1 NonfireSpillResponse
Keepsparks,flames,andothersourcesofignitionaway.Keepmaterialoutofwatersourcesandsewers.Build
dikestocontainflowasnecessary.Usewaterspraytoknockdownvapors.Neutralizespilledmaterialwith
crushedlimestone,sodaash,orlime.Vaporknockdownwateriscorrosiveortoxicandshouldbedikedfor
containment.Landspill:Digapit,pond,lagoon,holdingareatocontainliquidorsolidmaterial.Dikesurface
flowusingsoil,sandbags,foamedpolyurethane,orfoamedconcrete.Absorbbulkliquidwithflyashorcement
powder.Neutralizewithdilutecausticsoda(NaOH)orsodaash(Na2CO3).Waterspill:Adddilutecausticsoda
(NaOH).(AAR,1999)
11.6.2 SafeStorage
Fireproof.Separatedfromfoodandfeedstuffs,strongoxidants,strongacidsandstrongbases.Storeonlyin
originalcontainer.Wellclosed.Keepinawellventilatedroom.Storeinanareawithoutdrainorseweraccess.
fromILOICSC
11.6.3 StorageConditions
Storeinadry,wellventilatedplace.Separatefromoxidizingmaterialsandalkalinesubstances.
fromHSDB
Fireproof.Separatefromfoodandfeedstuffs.Keepinawellventilatedroom.
fromHSDB
...Quantitiesgreaterthan1litershouldbestoredintightlysealedmetalcontainersinareasseparatefrom
oxidizers.
NationalResearchCouncil.PrudentPracticesintheLaboratory.HandlingandDisposalofChemicals.Washington,DC:
NationalAcademyPress,1995.,p.241
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11.7 ExposureControlandPersonalProtection
11.7.1 REL
TWA10ppm(25mg/m3)ST15ppm(37mg/m3)
11.7.2 PEL
TWA10ppm(25mg/m3)
11.7.3 PELTWA
10ppm
25mg/m3
11.7.4 RELTWA
10ppm
25mg/m3
11.7.5 RELSTEL
15ppm
37mg/m3
11.7.6 IDLH
50ppm
See:64197
50ppm
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11.7.7 ThresholdLimitValues
8hrTimeWeightedAvg(TWA):10ppm15minShortTermExposureLimit(STEL):15ppm.
AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.ThresholdLimitValuesforChemicalSubstancesandPhysical
AgentsandBiologicalExposureIndices.ACGIH,Cincinnati,OH2014,p.10
fromHSDB
11.7.8 OtherOccupationalPermissibleLevels
EmergencyResponsePlanningGuidlines(ERPGs)foraceticacid:
ERPG
Maximum
Airborne
Concentration
TheERPG1:Themaximumairborneconcentrationbelowwhichitisbelievednearlyall
individualscouldbeexposedforupto1hourwithoutexperiencingmorethanmild,transient
adversehealtheffectsorwithoutperceivingaclearlydefinedobjectionableodor.
5ppm.Odor
shouldbe
detectable
ERPG1.
individualscouldbeexposedforupto1hourwithoutexperiencingordevelopingirreversible
orotherserioushealtheffectsorsymptomsthatcouldimpairanindividual'sabilitytotake
protectiveaction.
35ppm
individualscouldbeexposedforupto1hourwithoutexperiencingordevelopinglife
threateninghealtheffects.
250ppm
2013EmergencyResponsePlanningGuidelines(ERPG)&WorkplaceExposureLevel(WEEL).AmericanIndustrial
HygieneAssociation,FallsChurch,VA2013,p.22
fromHSDB
11.7.9 OccupationalExposureLimits
TLV:10ppmasTWA15ppmasSTEL(ACGIH2010).MAK(respirablefraction):10ppm,25mg/mPeak
limitationcategory:I(2)Pregnancyriskgroup:C(DFG2010).EUOEL(selected):10ppm,25mg/masTWA.
fromILOICSC
11.7.10 InhalationRisk
Aharmfulcontaminationoftheaircanbereachedratherquicklyonevaporationofthissubstanceat20C.
fromILOICSC
11.7.11 EffectsofShortTermExposure
Thesubstanceiscorrosivetotheeyes,skinandrespiratorytract.Corrosiveoningestion.Inhalationmaycause
lungoedema,butonlyafterinitialcorrosiveeffectsoneyesand/orairwayshavebecomemanifest.
fromILOICSC
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11.7.12 EffectsofLongTermExposure
Repeatedorprolongedcontactwithskinmaycausedermatitis.Lungsmaybeaffectedbyrepeatedor
prolongatedexposuretoanaerosolofthissubstance.Riskoftootherosionuponrepeatedorprolongated
exposuretoanaerosolofthissubstance.
fromILOICSC
11.7.13 AllowableTolerances
Residuesofaceticacidareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgood
agriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtoanimals.Use:
Catalyst.Limit:Notmorethan0.5%ofpesticideformulation.
40CFR180.930(USEPA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
fromHSDB
Residuesofthefollowingchemicalsubstancesareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedin
accordancewithgoodmanufacturingpracticeasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulation,provided
thatthesubstanceisappliedonasemipermanentorpermanentfoodcontactsurface(otherthanbeingapplied
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood.(a)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Foodcontactsurfacesin
publiceatingplaces,dairyprocessingequipment,andfoodprocessingequipmentandutensils.Aceticacidis
includedonthislist.Limit:Whenreadyforuse,theenduseconcentrationisnottoexceed290ppm.
40CFR180.940(a)(USEPA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
Availablefrom,asofJune9,2014:http://www.ecfr.gov/
fromHSDB
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood....(b)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Dairyprocessing
equipment,andfoodprocessingequipmentandutensils.Aceticacidisincludedonthislist.Limit:Whenready
foruse,theenduseconcentrationisnottoexceed686ppm.
fromHSDB
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood....(c)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Foodprocessing
equipmentandutensils.Aceticacidisincludedonthislist.Whenreadyforuse,theenduseconcentrationisnot
toexceed686ppm.
fromHSDB
11.7.14 PersonalProtection
(Seeprotectioncodes)
Skin:Preventskincontact(>10%)
Eyes:Preventeyecontact
Washskin:Whencontaminated(>10%)
Remove:Whenwetorcontaminated(>10%)
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Change:Norecommendation
Provide:Eyewash(>5%),Quickdrench(>50%)
11.7.15 RespiratorRecommendations
NIOSH/OSHA
Upto50ppm:
(APF=25)Anysuppliedairrespiratoroperatedinacontinuousflowmode
(APF=25)Anypowered,airpurifyingrespiratorwithorganicvaporcartridge(s)
(APF=50)Anychemicalcartridgerespiratorwithafullfacepieceandorganicvaporcartridge(s)
(APF=50)Anyairpurifying,fullfacepiecerespirator(gasmask)withachinstyle,frontorbackmounted
organicvaporcanister
(APF=50)Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepiece
(APF=50)Anysuppliedairrespiratorwithafullfacepiece
EmergencyorplannedentryintounknownconcentrationsorIDLHconditions:
(APF=10,000)Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatusthathasafullfacepieceandisoperatedinapressure
demandorotherpositivepressuremode
(APF=10,000)Anysuppliedairrespiratorthathasafullfacepieceandisoperatedinapressuredemandor
otherpositivepressuremodeincombinationwithanauxiliaryselfcontainedpositivepressurebreathing
apparatus
Escape:
(APF=50)Anyairpurifying,fullfacepiecerespirator(gasmask)withachinstyle,frontorbackmounted
organicvaporcanister
Anyappropriateescapetype,selfcontainedbreathingapparatus
Importantadditionalinformationaboutrespiratorselection
11.7.16 FirePrevention
NOopenflames,NOsparksandNOsmoking.
fromILOICSC
11.7.17 ExplosionPrevention
Above39Cuseaclosedsystem,ventilationandexplosionproofelectricalequipment.
fromILOICSC
11.7.18 ExposurePrevention
AVOIDALLCONTACT!
fromILOICSC
11.7.19 InhalationPrevention
Useventilation,localexhaustorbreathingprotection.
fromILOICSC
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11.7.20 SkinPrevention
Protectivegloves.Protectiveclothing.
fromILOICSC
11.7.21 EyePrevention
Wearfaceshieldoreyeprotectionincombinationwithbreathingprotection.
fromILOICSC
11.7.22 IngestionPrevention
Donoteat,drink,orsmokeduringwork.
fromILOICSC
11.7.23 ProtectiveEquipmentandClothing
500ppm:Chemicalcartridgerespiratorwithanorganicvaporcartridge(s)withafullfacepieceorgasmaskwith
anorganicvaporcanister(chinstyleorfrontorbackmountedcanister)orsuppliedairrespiratorwithafull
facepiece,helmet,orhood,orselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepiece.1000ppm:TypeC
suppliedairrespiratorwithafullfacepieceoperatedinpressuredemandorotherpositivepressuremodeorwith
afullfacepiece,helmet,orhoodoperatedincontinuousflowmode.Escape:Gasmaskwithanorganicvapor
canister(chinstyleorfrontorbackmountedcanister)selfcontainedbreathingapparatus.
NIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazardsp.41(1981)DHEW(NIOSH)PubNo.78210
fromHSDB
Bodysuit:completesuitprotectingagainstchemicals,flameretardantantistaticprotectiveclothing,thetypeof
protectiveequipmentmustbeselectedaccordingtotheconcentrationandamountofthedangeroussubsanceat
thespecificworkplace.
fromHSDB
Breakthroughtimesofgreaterthanonehourwerereportedby(normally)twoormoretestersforneoprene,
nitrilerubber,polyethylene,polyvinylchloride,naturalrubberandVitron.
ACGIHGuidelinesSelectofChemProtectClothingVolume#1FieldGuidep.37(1983)
fromHSDB
Employeesshouldbeprovidedwithandrequiredtouseimperviousclothing,gloves,faceshields(eightinch
minimum),andotherappropriateprotectiveclothingnecessarytopreventanypossibilityofskincontactwith
solidorliquidaceticacidorsolutionscontaining50%ormoreofaceticacidbyweightandtopreventrepeatedor
prolongedskincontactwithsolutionscontaining10%ormorebutlessthan50%ofaceticacidbyweight.
3
fromHSDB
Employeesshouldbeprovidedwithandrequiredtousedustandsplashproofsafetygoggleswherethereisany
possibilityofsolidorliquidaceticacidorsolutionscontainingaceticacidcontactingtheeyes.
3
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fromHSDB
Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveclothingtopreventskincontact./>10%/
fromHSDB
Wearappropriateeyeprotectiontopreventeyecontact.
fromHSDB
Eyewashfountainsshouldbeprovidedinareaswherethereisanypossbilitythatworkerscouldbeexposedto
thesubstancethisisirrespectiveoftherecommendationinvolvingthewearingofeyeprotection./>5%/
fromHSDB
Facilitiesforquicklydrenchingthebodyshouldbeprovidedwithintheimmediateworkareaforemergencyuse
wherethereisapossibilityofexposure.[Note:Itisintendedthatthesefacilitiesprovideasufficientquantityor
flowofwatertoquicklyremovethesubstancefromanybodyareaslikelytobeexposed.Theactual
determinationofwhatconstitutesanadequatequickdrenchfacilitydependsonthespecificcircumstances.In
certaininstances,adelugeshowershouldbereadilyavailable,whereasinothers,theavailabilityofwaterfroma
sinkorhosecouldbeconsideredadequate.]/>50%/
fromHSDB
RespiratorRecommendations:Upto50ppm:
AssignedProtection
Factor(APF)
RespiratorRecommendations
APF=25
Anysuppliedairrespiratoroperatedinacontinuousflowmode.Substancecauses
eyeirritationordamageeyeprotectionneeded
APF=25
Anypowered,airpurifyingrespiratorwithorganicvaporcartridge(s).Substance
causeseyeirritationordamageeyeprotectionneeded.
APF=50
Anychemicalcartridgerespiratorwithafullfacepieceandorganicvaporcartridge(s).
APF=50
Anyairpurifying,fullfacepiecerespirator(gasmask)withachinstyle,frontorback
mountedorganicvaporcanister.
APF=50
Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepiece.
APF=50
Anysuppliedairrespiratorwithafullfacepiece
fromHSDB
RespiratorRecommendations:EmergencyorplannedentryintounknownconcentrationsorIDLHconditions:
Assigned
Protection
Factor(APF)
APF=10,000
Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatusthathasafullfacepieceandisoperatedina
pressuredemandorotherpositivepressuremode.
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APF=10,000
Anysuppliedairrespiratorthathasafullfacepieceandisoperatedinapressuredemandor
otherpositivepressuremodeincombinationwithanauxillaryselfcontainedpositive
pressurebreathingapparatus.
fromHSDB
RespiratorRecommendations:Escape:
Assigned
Protection
Factor(APF)
APF=50
Airpurifying,fullfacepiecerespirator(gasmask)withachinstyle,frontorbackmounted
organicvaporcanister/Anyappropriateescapetype,selfcontainedbreathingapparatus.
fromHSDB
11.8 StabilityandReactivity
11.8.1 AirandWaterReactions
Flammable.Watersoluble.Dissolutiongeneratessomeheat.
fromCAMEOChemicals
Dilutionwithwaterreleasessomeheat.
fromCAMEOChemicals
Anaqueoussolution.Dilutioncangenerateheat.
fromCAMEOChemicals
11.8.2 ReactiveGroup
Acids,Carboxylic
fromCAMEOChemicals
Acids,CarboxylicWaterandAqueousSolutions
fromCAMEOChemicals
11.8.3 ReactivitiesandIncompatibilities
Incompatibilities:carbonates,hydroxides,manyoxides,andphosphates.
fromHSDB
Coolingisnecessarytopreventpossibleexplosionfromcontactofpotassiumpermanganate(orthecalciumor
sodiumsalts)withaceticacid
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Liquidaceticacidwillattacksomeformsofplastics,rubber,andcoatings.
2
fromHSDB
Anexplosionoccurredduringinitialheatingupofalargevolumeofglacialaceticacidbeingtreatedwith
chromiumtrioxide.Thiswasattributedtoviolentinteractionofsolidchromiumtrioxideandliquidaceticacidona
hot,exposedsteamcoil,andsubsequentinitiationofanexplosivemixtureofaceticacidvaporandair.Therisk
hasbeenobviatedbyusingasolutionofdichromateinsulfuricacidasoxidant,inplaceofchromiumtrioxide.
Thesulfuricacidisessential,asthesoliddichromatemoistwithaceticacid,obtainedbyevaporatinganacetic
acidsolutiontoneardryness,willexplode.
fromHSDB
Potassiumhydroxideresidueinacatalystpotreactedviolentlywhenaceticacidwasadded.
fromHSDB
Mixingaceticacidand2aminoethanolinaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressuretoincrease.
fromHSDB
Mixingglacialaceticacidandchlorosulfonicacidinaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressureto
increase.
fromHSDB
Mixingaceticacidandethylenediamineinaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressuretoincrease.
fromHSDB
Mixingglacialaceticacidandethyleneimineinaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressureto
increase.
fromHSDB
Amixtureofammoniumnitrateandaceticacidigniteswhenwarmed,especiallyifconcentrated.
20
fromHSDB
Inreactionsbetweenbrominepentafluorideandaceticacid...fireandexplosionsarelikely.
35
fromHSDB
Thereactionbetweenchlorinetrifluorideandaceticacidisveryviolent,sometimesexplosive.
55
fromHSDB
Aceticanhydridewasgraduallybeingtitratedintoamixtureofchromicanhydrideandaceticacidina20gallon,
glasslinedtank.After11/2hoursofthisprocedure,thecontentsofthereactorexploded.
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Mixingglacialaceticacidandoleuminaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressuretoincrease.
fromHSDB
Explosionsinvolvingthesematerials/perchloricacidandaceticacid/haveoccurredinelectrolyticpolishing
baths.Theviolenceinsomecasesapproachedthatofatruehighexplosive.
141
fromHSDB
Phosphorusisocyanateand...aceticacid...reactviolently.
149
fromHSDB
Severallaboratoryexplosionshaveoccurredusingthisreaction/phosphorustrichlorideandaceticacid/toform
acetylchloride.Poorheatcontrolprobablycausedformationofphosphine.
150
fromHSDB
Duringtheproductionofterephthalicacid,nxyleneisoxidizedinthepresenceofaceticacid.Duringthese
processes,detonatingmixturesmaybeproduced.Additionofasmallamountofwatermaylargelyeliminatethe
riskofexplosion.
fromHSDB
Mixingsodiumhydroxideandglacialaceticacidinaclosedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressureto
increase.
179
fromHSDB
Mixturesof.../aceticacid,aceticanhydride&perchloricacid/havevaryingdegreesofsensitivitytoshock.
Vaporsabovetheheatedmixturesareflammable.
141
fromHSDB
Erroneousadditionofaqueousaceticacidintoatankofaceticanhydridecausedaviolentexothermichydrolysis.
fromHSDB
Strongoxidizers(especiallychromicacid,sodiumperoxide&nitricacid),strongcaustics[Note:Corrosiveto
metals].
fromHSDB
Strongoxidizers(especiallychromicacid,sodiumperoxide&nitricacid),strongcaustics[Note:Corrosiveto
metals.]
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CHEMICALPROFILE:Mixingaceticacidinequalmolarportionswithanyofthefollowingsubstancesina
closedcontainercausedthetemperatureandpressuretoincrease:2Aminoethanol,chlorosulfonicacid,
ethylenediamine,ethyleneimine(NFPA1991).Aceticacidoraceticanhydridecanexplodewithnitricacidifnot
keptcold.Potassiumhydroxideresidueinacatalystpotreactedviolentlywhenaceticacidwasadded(MCA
CaseHistory920.1963).Duringtheproductionofterephthalicacid,nxyleneisoxidizedinthepresenceof
aceticacid.Duringtheseprocesses,detonatingmixturesmaybeproduced.Additionofasmallamountofwater
maylargelyeliminatetheriskofexplosion(NFPA491M.1991.p.7).Acetaldehydewasputindrumspreviously
pickledwithaceticacid.Theacidcausedtheacetaldehydetopolymerizeandthedrumsgothotandvented
(MCACaseHistory1764.1971).Amixtureofammoniumnitrateandaceticacidigniteswhenwarmed,
especiallyifconcentrated(VonSchwartz1918.p.322).Severallaboratoryexplosionshavebeenreportedusing
aceticacidandphosphorustrichloridetoformacetylchloride.Poorheatcontrolprobablycausedtheformation
ofphosphine(J.Am.Chem.Soc.60:488.1938).(REACTIVITY,1999)
11.9 TransportInformation
11.9.1 DOTEmergencyGuidelines
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/FireorExplosion:Flammable/combustiblematerial.May
beignitedbyheat,sparksorflames.Vaporsmayformexplosivemixtureswithair.Vaporsmaytraveltosource
ofignitionandflashback.Mostvaporsareheavierthanair.Theywillspreadalonggroundandcollectinlowor
confinedareas(sewers,basements,tanks).Vaporexplosionhazardindoors,outdoorsorinsewers.Those
substancesdesignatedwitha(P)maypolymerizeexplosivelywhenheatedorinvolvedinafire.Runofftosewer
maycreatefireorexplosionhazard.Containersmayexplodewhenheated.Manyliquidsarelighterthanwater.
/Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
U.S.DepartmentofTransportation.2012EmergencyResponseGuidebook.Washington,D.C.2012
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/Health:Maycausetoxiceffectsifinhaledor
ingested/swallowed.Contactwithsubstancemaycausesevereburnstoskinandeyes.Firewillproduce
irritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorsuffocation.Runofffromfirecontrolor
dilutionwatermaycausepollution./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/PublicSafety:CALLEmergencyResponseTelephone
NumberonShippingPaperfirst.IfShippingPapernotavailableornoanswer,refertoappropriatetelephone
numberlistedontheinsidebackcover.Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolatespillorleakareaforat
least50meters(150feet)inalldirections.Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.Stayupwind.Keepoutoflow
areas.Ventilateclosedspacesbeforeentering./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacial
ID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/ProtectiveClothing:Wearpositivepressureselfcontained
breathingapparatus(SCBA).Wearchemicalprotectiveclothingthatisspecificallyrecommendedbythe
manufacturer.Itmayprovidelittleornothermalprotection.Structuralfirefighters'protectiveclothingprovides
limitedprotectioninfiresituationsONLYitisnoteffectiveinspillsituationswheredirectcontactwiththe
substanceispossible./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/Evacuation:Spill:SeeTable1InitialIsolationand
ProtectiveActionDistancesforhighlightedmaterials.Fornonhighlightedmaterials,increase,inthedownwind
direction,asnecessary,theisolationdistanceshownunder"PUBLICSAFETY".Fire:Iftank,railcarortank
truckisinvolvedinafire,ISOLATEfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirectionsalso,considerinitialevacuationfor
800meters(1/2mile)inalldirections./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
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/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/Fire:Someofthesematerialsmayreactviolentlywith
water.SmallFire:Drychemical,CO2,watersprayoralcoholresistantfoam.LargeFire:Waterspray,fogor
alcoholresistantfoam.Movecontainersfromfireareaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Dikefirecontrolwaterfor
laterdisposaldonotscatterthematerial.Donotgetwaterinsidecontainers.FireinvolvingTanksorCar/Trailer
Loads:Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzles.Coolcontainers
withfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwellafterfireisout.Withdrawimmediatelyincaseofrisingsoundfrom
ventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationoftank.ALWAYSstayawayfromtanksengulfedinfire.Formassivefire,
useunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzlesifthisisimpossible,withdrawfromareaandletfireburn.
/Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/SpillorLeak:Fullyencapsulating,vaporprotective
clothingshouldbewornforspillsandleakswithnofire.ELIMINATEallignitionsources(nosmoking,flares,
sparksorflamesinimmediatearea).Allequipmentusedwhenhandlingtheproductmustbegrounded.Donot
touchorwalkthroughspilledmaterial.Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Prevententryintowaterways,
sewers,basementsorconfinedareas.Avaporsuppressingfoammaybeusedtoreducevapors.Absorbwith
earth,sandorothernoncombustiblematerialandtransfertocontainers(exceptforHydrazine).Usecleannon
sparkingtoolstocollectabsorbedmaterial.LargeSpill:Dikefaraheadofliquidspillforlaterdisposal.Water
spraymayreducevaporbutmaynotpreventignitioninclosedspaces./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%
acidAceticacid,glacialID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVE/FirstAid:Movevictimtofreshair.Call911oremergency
medicalservice.Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.Donotusemouthtomouthmethodifvictim
ingestedorinhaledthesubstancegiveartificialrespirationwiththeaidofapocketmaskequippedwithaone
wayvalveorotherproperrespiratorymedicaldevice.Administeroxygenifbreathingisdifficult.Removeand
isolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.Incaseofcontactwithsubstance,immediatelyflushskinoreyeswith
runningwaterforatleast20minutes.Incaseofburns,immediatelycoolaffectedskinforaslongaspossible
withcoldwater.Donotremoveclothingifadheringtoskin.Keepvictimwarmandquiet.Effectsofexposure
(inhalation,ingestionorskincontact)tosubstancemaybedelayed.Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareof
thematerial(s)involvedandtakeprecautionstoprotectthemselves./Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acid
Aceticacid,glacialID:2789/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/FireorExplosion:Combustible
material:mayburnbutdoesnotignitereadily.Whenheated,vaporsmayformexplosivemixtureswithair:
indoors,outdoorsandsewersexplosionhazards.Thosesubstancesdesignatedwitha(P)maypolymerize
explosivelywhenheatedorinvolvedinafire.Contactwithmetalsmayevolveflammablehydrogengas.
Containersmayexplodewhenheated.Runoffmaypollutewaterways.Substancemaybetransportedina
moltenform./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/Health:TOXICinhalation,ingestion
orskincontactwithmaterialmaycausesevereinjuryordeath.Contactwithmoltensubstancemaycausesevere
burnstoskinandeyes.Avoidanyskincontact.Effectsofcontactorinhalationmaybedelayed.Firemay
produceirritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.Runofffromfirecontrolordilutionwatermaybecorrosiveand/or
toxicandcausepollution./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/PublicSafety:CALLEmergency
ResponseTelephoneNumberonShippingPaperfirst.IfShippingPapernotavailableornoanswer,referto
appropriatetelephonenumberlistedontheinsidebackcover.Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolate
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spillorleakareainalldirectionsforatleast50meters(150feet)forliquidsandatleast25meters(75feet)for
solids.Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.Stayupwind.Keepoutoflowareas.Ventilateenclosedareas.
/Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/ProtectiveClothing:Wearpositive
pressureselfcontainedbreathingapparatus(SCBA).Wearchemicalprotectiveclothingthatisspecifically
recommendedbythemanufacturer.Itmayprovidelittleornothermalprotection.Structuralfirefighters'
protectiveclothingprovideslimitedprotectioninfiresituationsONLYitisnoteffectiveinspillsituationswhere
directcontactwiththesubstanceispossible./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acid
ID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/Evacuation:Spill:SeeTable1
InitialIsolationandProtectiveActionDistancesforhighlightedmaterials.Fornonhighlightedmaterials,
increase,inthedownwinddirection,asnecessary,theisolationdistanceshownunder"PUBLICSAFETY".Fire:
Iftank,railcarortanktruckisinvolvedinafire,ISOLATEfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirectionsalso,
considerinitialevacuationfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirections./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%but
notmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/Fire:SmallFire:Drychemical,CO2
orwaterspray.LargeFire:Drychemical,CO2,alcoholresistantfoamorwaterspray.Movecontainersfromfire
areaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Dikefirecontrolwaterforlaterdisposaldonotscatterthematerial.Fire
involvingTanksorCar/TrailerLoads:Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersor
monitornozzles.Donotgetwaterinsidecontainers.Coolcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwell
afterfireisout.Withdrawimmediatelyincaseofrisingsoundfromventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationof
tank.ALWAYSstayawayfromtanksengulfedinfire./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan
80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/SpillorLeak:ELIMINATEallignition
sources(nosmoking,flares,sparksorflamesinimmediatearea).Donottouchdamagedcontainersorspilled
materialunlesswearingappropriateprotectiveclothing.Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.Prevententryinto
waterways,sewers,basementsorconfinedareas.Absorborcoverwithdryearth,sandorothernoncombustible
materialandtransfertocontainers.DONOTGETWATERINSIDECONTAINERS./Aceticacid,solution,more
than10%butnotmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
/GUIDE153SUBSTANCESTOXICand/orCORROSIVE(Combustible)/FirstAid:Movevictimtofreshair.
Call911oremergencymedicalservice.Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.Donotusemouthto
mouthmethodifvictimingestedorinhaledthesubstancegiveartificialrespirationwiththeaidofapocketmask
equippedwithaonewayvalveorotherproperrespiratorymedicaldevice.Administeroxygenifbreathingis
difficult.Removeandisolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.Incaseofcontactwithsubstance,immediately
flushskinoreyeswithrunningwaterforatleast20minutes.Forminorskincontact,avoidspreadingmaterialon
unaffectedskin.Keepvictimwarmandquiet.Effectsofexposure(inhalation,ingestionorskincontact)to
substancemaybedelayed.Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareofthematerial(s)involvedandtake
precautionstoprotectthemselves./Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acidID:2790/
fromHSDB
11.9.2 ShipmentMethodsandRegulations
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Nopersonmay/transport,/offeroracceptahazardousmaterialfortransportationincommerceunlessthat
personisregisteredinconformance...andthehazardousmaterialisproperlyclassed,described,packaged,
marked,labeled,andinconditionforshipmentasrequiredorauthorizedby.../thehazardousmaterials
regulations(49CFR171177)./
49CFR171.2(USDOT)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
Availablefrom,asofJune5,2014:http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/
fromHSDB
TheInternationalAirTransportAssociation(IATA)DangerousGoodsRegulationsarepublishedbytheIATA
DangerousGoodsBoardpursuanttoIATAResolutions618and619andconstituteamanualofindustrycarrier
regulationstobefollowedbyallIATAMemberairlineswhentransportinghazardousmaterials.
InternationalAirTransportAssociation.DangerousGoodsRegulations.55thEdition.Montreal,QuebecCanada.2014.,p.181
fromHSDB
TheInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodelaysdownbasicprinciplesfortransportinghazardous
chemicals.Detailedrecommendationsforindividualsubstancesandanumberofrecommendationsforgood
practiceareincludedintheclassesdealingwithsuchsubstances.Ageneralindexoftechnicalnameshasalso
beencompiled.Thisindexshouldalwaysbeconsultedwhenattemptingtolocatetheappropriateproceduresto
beusedwhenshippinganysubstanceorarticle.
InternationalMaritimeOrganization.IMDGCode.InternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodeVolume22012,p.139
fromHSDB
11.9.3 DOTIDandGuide
2790153(1080%acid)
2789132(>80%acid)
11.9.4 DOTLabel
Corrosive,FlammableLiquid
fromCAMEOChemicals
Corrosive
fromCAMEOChemicals
11.9.5 PackagingandLabelling
Donottransportwithfoodandfeedstuffs.
fromILOICSC
11.9.6 ECClassification
Symbol:CR:1035S:(1/2)232645Note:B
fromILOICSC
11.9.7 UNClassification
UNHazardClass:8UNSubsidiaryRisks:3UNPackGroup:II
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fromILOICSC
11.9.8 EmergencyResponse
NFPACode:H3F2R0.
fromILOICSC
11.10 RegulatoryInformation
11.10.1 DOTEmergencyResponseGuide
132FLAMMABLELIQUIDSCORROSIVEPOTENTIALHAZARDSFIREOREXPLOSION*
Flammable/combustiblematerial.*Maybeignitedbyheat,sparksorflames.*Vaporsmayformexplosive
mixtureswithair.*Vaporsmaytraveltosourceofignitionandflashback.*Mostvaporsareheavierthanair.
Theywillspreadalonggroundandcollectinloworconfinedareas(sewers,basements,tanks).*Vapor
explosionhazardindoors,outdoorsorinsewers.*Thosesubstancesdesignatedwitha"P"maypolymerize
explosivelywhenheatedorinvolvedinafire.*Runofftosewermaycreatefireorexplosionhazard.*Containers
mayexplodewhenheated.*Manyliquidsarelighterthanwater.HEALTH*Maycausetoxiceffectsifinhaledor
ingested/swallowed.*Contactwithsubstancemaycausesevereburnstoskinandeyes.*Firewillproduce
irritating,corrosiveand/ortoxicgases.*Vaporsmaycausedizzinessorsuffocation.*Runofffromfirecontrolor
dilutionwatermaycausepollution.PUBLICSAFETY*CALLEmergencyResponseTelephoneNumberon
ShippingPaperfirst.IfShippingPapernotavailableornoanswer,refertoappropriatetelephonenumberlisted
ontheinsidebackcover.*Asanimmediateprecautionarymeasure,isolatespillorleakareaforatleast50
meters(150feet)inalldirections.*Keepunauthorizedpersonnelaway.*Stayupwind.*Keepoutoflowareas.
*Ventilateclosedspacesbeforeentering.PROTECTIVECLOTHING*Wearpositivepressureselfcontained
breathingapparatus(SCBA).*Wearchemicalprotectiveclothingthatisspecificallyrecommendedbythe
manufacturer.Itmayprovidelittleornothermalprotection.*Structuralfirefighters'protectiveclothingprovides
limitedprotectioninfiresituationsONLYitisnoteffectiveinspillsituationswheredirectcontactwiththe
substanceispossible.EVACUATIONLargeSpill*SeeTable1InitialIsolationandProtectiveAction
Distancesforhighlightedmaterials.Fornonhighlightedmaterials,increase,inthedownwinddirection,as
necessary,theisolationdistanceshownunder"PUBLICSAFETY".Fire*Iftank,railcarortanktruckis
involvedinafire,ISOLATEfor800meters(1/2mile)inalldirectionsalso,considerinitialevacuationfor800
meters(1/2mile)inalldirections.EMERGENCYRESPONSEFIRE*Someofthesematerialsmayreact
violentlywithwater.SmallFire*Drychemical,CO2,watersprayoralcoholresistantfoam.LargeFire*Water
spray,fogoralcoholresistantfoam.*Movecontainersfromfireareaifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.*Dikefire
controlwaterforlaterdisposaldonotscatterthematerial.*Donotgetwaterinsidecontainers.Fireinvolving
TanksorCar/TrailerLoads*Fightfirefrommaximumdistanceoruseunmannedhoseholdersormonitor
nozzles.*Coolcontainerswithfloodingquantitiesofwateruntilwellafterfireisout.*Withdrawimmediatelyin
caseofrisingsoundfromventingsafetydevicesordiscolorationoftank.*ALWAYSstayawayfromtanks
engulfedinfire.*Formassivefire,useunmannedhoseholdersormonitornozzlesifthisisimpossible,
withdrawfromareaandletfireburn.SPILLORLEAK*Fullyencapsulating,vaporprotectiveclothingshouldbe
wornforspillsandleakswithnofire.*ELIMITEallignitionsources(nosmoking,flares,sparksorflamesin
immediatearea).*Allequipmentusedwhenhandlingtheproductmustbegrounded.*Donottouchorwalk
throughspilledmaterial.*Stopleakifyoucandoitwithoutrisk.*Prevententryintowaterways,sewers,
basementsorconfinedareas.*Avaporsuppressingfoammaybeusedtoreducevapors.*Absorbwithearth,
sandorothernoncombustiblematerialandtransfertocontainers(exceptforHydrazine).*Usecleannon
sparkingtoolstocollectabsorbedmaterial.LargeSpill*Dikefaraheadofliquidspillforlaterdisposal.*Water
spraymayreducevaporbutmaynotpreventignitioninclosedspaces.FIRSTAID*Movevictimtofreshair.*
Call911oremergencymedicalservice.*Giveartificialrespirationifvictimisnotbreathing.*Donotusemouth
tomouthmethodifvictimingestedorinhaledthesubstancegiveartificialrespirationwiththeaidofapocket
maskequippedwithaonewayvalveorotherproperrespiratorymedicaldevice.*Administeroxygenifbreathing
isdifficult.*Removeandisolatecontaminatedclothingandshoes.*Incaseofcontactwithsubstance,
immediatelyflushskinoreyeswithrunningwaterforatleast20minutes.*Incaseofburns,immediatelycool
affectedskinforaslongaspossiblewithcoldwater.Donotremoveclothingifadheringtoskin.*Keepvictim
warmandquiet.*Effectsofexposure(inhalation,ingestionorskincontact)tosubstancemaybedelayed.*
Ensurethatmedicalpersonnelareawareofthematerial(s)involvedandtakeprecautionstoprotectthemselves.
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11.10.2 CleanWaterActRequirements
Aceticacidisdesignatedasahazardoussubstanceundersection311(b)(2)(A)oftheFederalWaterPollution
ControlActandfurtherregulatedbytheCleanWaterActAmendmentsof1977and1978.Theseregulations
applytodischargesofthissubstance.Thisdesignationincludesanyisomersandhydrates,aswellasany
solutionsandmixturescontainingthissubstance.
fromHSDB
11.10.3 CERCLAReportableQuantities
PersonsinchargeofvesselsorfacilitiesarerequiredtonotifytheNationalResponseCenter(NRC)immediately,
whenthereisareleaseofthisdesignatedhazardoussubstance,inanamountequaltoorgreaterthanits
reportablequantityof5000lbor2270kg.ThetollfreenumberoftheNRCis(800)4248802.Therulefor
determiningwhennotificationisrequiredisstatedin40CFR302.4(sectionIV.D.3.b).
fromHSDB
11.10.4 FIFRARequirements
Residuesofaceticacidareexemptedfromtherequirementofatolerancewhenusedinaccordancewithgood
agriculturalpracticeasinert(oroccasionallyactive)ingredientsinpesticideformulationsappliedtoanimals.Use:
Catalyst.Limit:Notmorethan0.5%ofpesticideformulation.
fromHSDB
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood.(a)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Foodcontactsurfacesin
publiceatingplaces,dairyprocessingequipment,andfoodprocessingequipmentandutensils.Aceticacidis
includedonthislist.Limit:Whenreadyforuse,theenduseconcentrationisnottoexceed290ppm.
fromHSDB
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood....(b)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Dairyprocessing
equipment,andfoodprocessingequipmentandutensils.Aceticacidisincludedonthislist.Limit:Whenready
foruse,theenduseconcentrationisnottoexceed686ppm.
fromHSDB
onfoodpackaging)withadequatedrainingbeforecontactwithfood....(c)Thefollowingchemicalsubstances
whenusedasingredientsinanantimicrobialpesticideformulationmaybeappliedto:Foodprocessing
equipmentandutensils.Aceticacidisincludedonthislist.Whenreadyforuse,theenduseconcentrationisnot
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toexceed686ppm.
fromHSDB
NewActiveIngredients...includespesticideactiveingredientsinitiallyregisteredafterNovember1,1984,that
currentlyhaveactiveproductregistrations.Bylaw,thesenewerpesticidesarenotsubjecttothereregistration
program.Theymust,however,meetthenewsafetystandardoftheFQPA,andwillbereviewedona15year
cycleundertheregistrationreviewprogram....ActiveIngredientNumber:044001TypeofPesticide:
biopesticideherbicideUseSite:nonfooduse(ornamentalturf)Year:1997.
UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency/Prevention,PesticidesandToxicSubstancesStatusofPesticidesin
Registration,Reregistration,andSpecialReview.(1998)EPA738R98002,p.351
fromHSDB
11.10.5 FDARequirements
TheApprovedDrugProductswithTherapeuticEquivalenceEvaluationsListidentifiescurrentlymarketed
prescriptiondrugproducts,inclaceticacid,approvedonthebasisofsafetyandeffectivenessbyFDAunder
sections505oftheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct.TheApprovedDrugProductswithTherapeutic
EquivalenceEvaluationsidentifiescurrentlymarketedprescriptiondrugproducts,includingaceticacid,glacial,
approvedonthebasisofsafetyandeffectivenessbyFDAundersections505oftheFederalFood,Drug,and
CosmeticAct.
DHHS/FDAElectronicOrangeBookApprovedDrugProductswithTherapeuticEquivalenceEvaluations.Availablefrom,as
ofJune18,2014:http://www.fda.gov/cder/ob/
fromHSDB
Substanceaddeddirectlytohumanfoodaffirmedasgenerallyrecognizedassafe(GRAS).
21CFR184.1005(USFDA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
fromHSDB
Aceticacidusedasageneralpurposefoodadditiveinanimaldrugs,feeds,andrelatedproductsisgenerally
recognizedassafewhenusedinaccordancewithgoodmanufacturingorfeedingpractice.
21CFR582.1005(USFDA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederalRegulations.
fromHSDB
Drugproductscontainingcertainactiveingredientsofferedoverthecounter(OTC)forcertainuses.Anumberof
activeingredientshavebeenpresentinOTCdrugproductsforvarioususes,asdescribedbelow.However,
basedonevidencecurrentlyavailable,thereareinadequatedatatoestablishgeneralrecognitionofthesafety
andeffectivenessoftheseingredientsforthespecifieduses:Aceticacidisincludedintopicaloticdrugproducts.
21CFR310.545(a)(15)(USFDA)U.S.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration'sElectronicCodeofFederal
Regulations.Availablefrom,asofJune18,2014:http://www.ecfr.gov
fromHSDB
11.11 OtherSafetyInformation
11.11.1 ToxicCombustionProducts
Toxicgasesandvapors(suchascarbonmonoxide)maybereleasedinafireinvolvingaceticacid.
2
fromHSDB
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11.11.2 OtherHazardousReactions
Whenspilledinwaterallformswillmixrapidlyandproduceanirritatingvapor.
fromHSDB
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12 Toxicity
12.1 ToxicologicalInformation
12.1.1 HealthEffects
IrritationEye,Nose,Throat,SkinMarked(HE14)Asthma(HE9),Lungdamage(HE10,HE11)
12.1.2 ExposureRoutes
Seriouslocaleffectsbyallroutesofexposure.
fromILOICSC
inhalation,skinand/oreyecontact
12.1.3 Symptoms
irritationeyes,skin,nose,throateye,skinburnsskinsensitizationdentalerosionblackskin,hyperkeratosis
conjunctivitis,lacrimation(dischargeoftears)pharyngealedema,chronicbronchitis
Irritationofeyes,skinnose,throatcough,sorethroat,eye,skinburnsblisters,skinsensitizationdental
erosionblackskin,hyperkeratosisconjunctivitis,lacrimationheadache,dizzinessshortnessofbreath,
pharyngealedemachronicbronchitispulmonaryedema(maybedelayed)lossofvisionIngestionAcute:
Abdominalpain,burningsensation,vomiting,diarrheahemolysis,hemoglobinuria,kidneyfailureshockor
collapse
12.1.4 InhalationSymptoms
Sorethroat.Cough.Burningsensation.Headache.Dizziness.Shortnessofbreath.Labouredbreathing.
fromILOICSC
12.1.5 SkinSymptoms
Pain.Redness.Skinburns.Blisters.
fromILOICSC
12.1.6 EyeSymptoms
Redness.Pain.Severeburns.Lossofvision.
fromILOICSC
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12.1.7 IngestionSymptoms
Sorethroat.Burningsensation.Abdominalpain.Vomiting.Shockorcollapse.
fromILOICSC
12.1.8 TargetOrgans
Eyes,skin,respiratorysystem,teeth
fromNIOSHPocketGuide,OSHAChemicalSamplingInformation
12.1.9 Interactions
Painincreasestherate,frequency,orintensityofsomebehaviors(eg,withdrawalresponses)andsuppresses
otherbehaviors(eg,feeding)./Thestudyis/developingassaystotestanalgesicdrugcandidatesusing
measurementsofpainsuppressedratherthanpainelicitedbehaviors.Suchassaysmaymodelimportant
aspectsofclinicalpainandprovideameansfordistinguishingtrueanalgesicsfromdrugsthatproducemotor
impairment.Thepresentstudycomparedeffectsofthemuopioidanalgesicmorphineandthenonanalgesic
neuroleptichaloperidolonintraperitonealaceticacidinducedwrithing(apainelicitedbehavior)andsuppression
offeedingbehavior(apainsuppressedbehavior).Infeedingstudies,C57BL/6Jmiceweregivenaccesstoa
dishcontaining8mLEnsure(trademark)liquidfood(0100%inwater)duringdailysessions(7.5120min).
LevelsofconsumptionweredependentonbothEnsureconcentrationandsessionduration.Intraperitoneal
injectionofaceticacid(0.100.56%)producedatimeandconcentrationdependentdecreaseinEnsure
consumption.Morphine(1mg/kg)preventedbothacidinducedwrithingandacidinducedsuppressionoffeeding,
whereasthedopamineantagonisthaloperidolinhibitedwrithingwithoutpreventingacidinducedsuppressionof
feeding.Theeffectsofmorphineweretimedependent,selectiveforacidsuppressedfeeding,andnaltrexone
reversible.Theseresultssuggestthatassaysofpainsuppressedbehaviorsmaycomplementassaysofpain
elicitedbehaviorsinpreclinicalstudiesofcandidateanalgesics... Abstract:PubMed
StevensonGWetalJPain.7(6):40816(2006).
fromHSDB
Amylinisamemberofcalcitoninorcalcitoningenerelatedpeptide(CGRP)family.Immunohistochemicalstudy
revealedadensenetworkofamylinimmunoreactive(irAMY)cellprocessesinthesuperficialdorsalhornofthe
mice.Numerousdorsalrootganglion(DRG)andtrigeminalganglioncellsexpressedmoderatetostrongirAMY.
Reversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreaction(RTPCR)revealedamylinreceptormRNAinthemousespinal
cord,brainstem,cortex,hypothalamusandhippocampus.Thenociceptiveorantinociceptiveeffectsofamylin
wereevaluatedintheaceticacidinducedwrithingtest.Amylin(0.1,0.5and1mg/kg,intraperitoneally(i.p.)or1
10microg,intrathecally(i.t.))reducedthenumberofwrithesinadosedependentmanner.Pretreatmentofthe
micewiththeamylinreceptorantagonistsalmoncalcitonin(832),eitherbyi.p.ori.t.,antagonizedtheeffectof
amylinonaceticacidinducedwrithingtest.Locomotoractivitywasnotsignificantlymodifiedbyamylininjected
eitheri.p.(0.011mg/kg)ori.t.(110microg).MeasurementofcfosmRNAbyRTPCRorproteinsbyWestern
blotshowedthatthelevelswereupregulatedinthespinalcordofmiceinjectedwithaceticacidandtheincrease
wasattenuatedbypretreatmentwithamylin(10microg,i.t.).Collectively,/these/resultdemonstratesthat
irAMYisexpressedinDRGneuronswiththeircellprocessesprojectingtothesuperficiallayersofthedorsal
horn,andthatthepeptidebyinteractingwithamylinreceptorsinthespinalcordmaybeantinociceptive.[Huang
XetalNeuroscience.165(4):142938(2010).] Fulltext:PMC2815112 Abstract:PubMed
fromHSDB
INTRODUCTION:Increasedfreeradicalproduction,decreasedantioxidantcapacity,andexcessiveinflammation
arewellknownfeaturesinthepathogenesisofinflammatoryboweldisease.Melatoninisapowerfulantioxidant
andascavengerofhydroxylradicals.Melatoninhasalsobeenshowntohaveantiinflammatoryactivitiesin
tissues./This/studyobjectiveistoinvestigatetheeffectsofmelatoninontissueinflammatoryactivitiesusingan
ulcerativecolitis(UC)modelinducedbyaceticacid(AA)inrats.METHODS:Wistarrats(n=32)weredivided
intofourgroups.AAinducedcolitiswasperformedintwoofthegroups,whiletheothertwogroupswere
injectedwithsalineintrarectally.OneoftheAAinducedcolitisgroupsandoneofthecontrolgroupswere
administered100mg/kg/daymelatoninintraperitoneally,andthepairgroupsweregivensaline.After4days,
colonicchangeswereevaluatedbiochemicallybymeasuringproinflammatorycytokines[tumornecrosisfactor
(TNF)alpha,interleukin(IL)1beta,andIL6],myeloperoxidase(MPO),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione
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(GSH),andsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)levelsintissuehomogenatesandbyhistopathologicalexamination.
RESULTS:AAcausedcolonicmucosalinjury,whereasmelatoninsuppressedthesechangesintheAAinduced
colitisgroup(P<0.001).AAadministrationresultedinincreasedTNFalpha,IL1beta,IL6,MPO,andMDA
levels,anddecreasedGSHandSODlevels,whereasmelatoninadministrationreversedtheseeffects(allP<
0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Thepresentstudyproposesthatmelatoninhasadualactionasaneffectiveanti
inflammatoryandanantioxidant,andmaybeahopefultherapeuticagentforUC. Abstract:PubMed
TahanGetalDigDisSci.56(3):71520(2011).
fromHSDB
Inthepresentstudy,theeffectofchronicoraladministrationofcurcumininthepresenceorabsenceof
morphineandnoloxonewasinvestigatedonthevisceralnociceptioninducedbyaceticacidinrats.
Intraperitonealinjectionofaceticacid(1mL,2%)producedcontractionsintheabdominalmusculature(writhes).
Thelatencytimetothebeginningofthefirstwrithewasmeasuredandthetotalnumberofwrithesinthe1hr
afteraceticacidinjectionwascounted.Thelatencytimetothebeginningofthefirstwrithewassignificantly(p<
0.05)increasedandthenumberofwritheswassignificantly(p<0.05)decreasedbycurcumin(20and40mg/kg
bodyweight).Thesameresultswereobtainedaftersubcutaneousinjectionofmorphine(1mg/kgb.wt.).
Naloxoneatthedoseof1mg/kgbodyweighthadnoeffectonpainintensity.Curcuminsignificantly(p<0.05)
enhancedtheeffectofmorphineonthevisceralpainresponses,howeverdidnotreversetheeffectofnaloxone.
Presentdatasuggestthatintheaceticacidinducedvisceralnociceptionofrats,curcuminmayproducean
antinociceptiveeffectandtheendogenousanalgesicopioidsystemisinvolvedinthecurcumininduced
antinociception. Abstract:PubMed
TajikHetalPakJBiolSci.11(2):3124(2008).
fromHSDB
Nineoutbredwhitemaleratsweighingapproximately100gwereusedin/this/study.RatsweregiveneitherN
nitrosarcosinethylester(NSEE)alone,NSEEwiththeaceticacidsolution,ortheaceticacidsolutionalone.
doses(0.5mLof3%watersolutionofaceticacid(about60mg/kgbw/treatment)weregivenbyintubationinto
theesophagus3timesperweek.Animalswerekilledbyetherinhalationafter8monthsofexperimentsand
autopsied.Asexpected,ratstreatedwiththecarcinogenNSEEhadhighincidencesofpreneoplasticlesionsof
theesophagusandforestomach,aswellasbenigntumors,carcinomasandsquamouscellcancer.Prolonged
administrationofaceticacidincombinationwithNSEEresultedinanincreaseinthenumberofbenignand
malignanttumorsandcarcinomasintheesophagus.Prolongedadministrationofaceticacidalonedidnot
inducetumors.Allnineoftheserats,however,didexperiencehyperplasiaintheesophagusandforestomach.
EPA/OfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxicsHighproductionVolume(HPV)ChallengeProgram'sRobustsummariesand
TestPlans.AceticacidandSalts(April2003).Availablefrom,asofFebruary9,2004:
http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/hpvrstp.htm
fromHSDB
12.1.10 ToxicitySummary
IDENTIFICATIONANDUSE:Aceticacidisacolorlessliquidorsolid,havingapungentcharacteristicodor,and
whendilutedinwateranacidictaste.Glacialaceticacidisa99%activechemical.Itisusedasanacidifier,
flavoringagent,forthepreventionofropeinbaking,andasasolvent.Aceticacidisusedasalaboratory
reagentinchemicalandbiochemicalanalysis,infieldtestingofleadfumes,vinylchloridedetermination,uric
acidinurine,anilinevapors,andseparationofgases.Inaddition,aceticacidisusedinpesticideformulationsas
aherbicidetocontrolsweedsonfruits,vegetables,ornamentalsandturf.Itisalsoacomponentofthehydraulic
fracturingfluidspreventingprecipitationofmetaloxides(ironcontrol).RegisteredforuseintheU.S.,but
approvedpesticideusesmaychangeperiodically,sofederal,stateandlocalauthoritiesmustbeconsultedfor
currentlyapproveduses.Threeto5%aceticacidiscommonlyusedinthefieldofgynecologyforcolposcopic
examinationsofthecervix.Itgivesan'acetowhite'effectthatmayassistcliniciansinidentifyingneoplastic
areas.HUMANEXPOSUREANDTOXICITY:Aceticacidisabsorbedfromthegastrointestinaltractand
throughthelungsandalmostcompletelyoxidizedbytissues.Themetabolicpathwaysarereasonablywell
knownandinvolvetheformationofketonebodies.Aslittleas1.0mLofglacialaceticacidhasresultedin
perforationoftheesophagus.Duringaceticaciddialysis,patientsshowedafrequentonsetofsudden
hypotensionandarrhythmiawithconcomitantsymptomsofthesocalleddisequilibriumsyndrome.Extremeeye
andnasalirritationhasoccurredatconcentrationsinexcessof25ppmandconjunctivitisfromconcentrations
below10ppmhasbeenreported.Glacialaceticacidhascausedpermanentcornealopacification.Ingestionof
200mLofan80%solutionofaceticacidcausedrepeatedshockduetomyocardialinfarctionandmassive
intestinalbleedingledtoanorganicbrainpsychosyndrome.Thepatientsurvivedtheintoxicationbyuseof
hemodialysisandintensivecaretherapy.Anexcessofprostatecancerwasobservedamongformerchemical
plantworkers,someofwhomhadbeenexposedtobothaceticacidandaceticanhydride.ANIMALSTUDIES:
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Toxiceffectsofaceticacidareduetoirritantpropertiesaswellasitseffectonthecentralnervoussystemand
kidneys.LargeoraldosescauseCNSdepressionanddeathinratsandmice.Inhalationof16,000ppmkilled1
of6exposedrats.Groupsof36ratsweregivenaceticacidindrinkingwaterforperiodsfrom915weeks.Fluid
uptakewasthesameinalltreatmentgroups,atthehighdosegrouptherewasaprogressivereductioninbody
weightgain,lossofappetiteandfallinfoodconsumption.Fourgroupsoftwoyoungpigswerefeddailydietsfor
successive30dayperiodsforatotalof150days.Thereweredifferencesingrowthrate,weightgain,early
morningurinaryammoniaandterminalbloodpHbetweencontrolsandtestgroups.Aceticacidhadnoeffects
onimplantationoronmaternalorfetalsurvivalinrats,miceorrabbitsdosedviagavageduringgestationdays6
19atdosesupto1600mg/kg/day.Thenumberofabnormalitiesseenineithersoftorskeletaltissuesofthetest
groupsdidnotdifferfromthenumberoccurringinthecontrols.Aceticacidhasshownnoevidenceofmutagenic
activitywithorwithoutmetabolicactivationusingseveralstrainsofSalmonellatyphimurium.Aceticaciddidnot
showclastogenicityonculturedChinesehamsterovaryK1cellsatneutralpH,butitwasclastogenicatpH5.2to
6.0withorwithoutmetabolicactivation.ECOTOXITYSTUDIES:Aceticacidwasharmfultoaquaticlife.High
concentrationsproducedpHlevelstoxictooxidizingbacteria,inhibitingoxygendemand.Itwaslethalto
Mosquitofish:at320ppmandhigherallfishweredeadat24hours.
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12.1.11 AntidoteandEmergencyTreatment
Garliccontainsmanysulfhydrylcompoundsthatactasantioxidants.However,theroleofnitricoxide(NO)in
inflammationiscontroversial.Theaimofthepresentstudyistoinvestigatethepossibleprotectiveeffectof
garlicagainstaceticacidinducedulcerativecolitisinrats,aswellastheprobablemodulatoryeffectofLarginine
(NOprecursor)ongarlicactivity.Intrarectalinoculationofratswith4%aceticacidfor3consecutivedayscaused
asignificantincreaseinthecolonweightandmarkeddecreaseinthecolonlength.Inaddition,aceticacid
inducedasignificantincreaseinserumlevelsofnitrateaswellascolonictissuecontentofmalondialdehyde
(MDA).Moreover,colonictissuecontentsofglutathione(GSH),superoxidedismutase(SOD)andcatalase(CAT)
weremarkedlyreduced.Ontheotherhand,pretreatmentofratswithgarlic(0.25g/kgbwt,orally)for4
consecutiveweeksand3daysduringinductionofcolitissignificantlyreducedtheincreaseinthecolonweight
inducedbyaceticacidandamelioratedalterationsinoxidantandantioxidantparameters.Interestingly,oralco
administrationofgarlic(0.25g/kgbwt)andLarginine(625mg/kgbwt)forthesameperiodofgarlicadministration
mitigatedthechangesinbothcolonweightandlengthinducedbyaceticacidandincreasedgarliceffecton
colontissuecontentsofMDAandGSH.Inconclusion,Largininecanaugmenttheprotectiveeffectofgarlic
againstulcerativecolitisaneffectthatmightbemainlyattributedtoitsNOdonatingpropertyresultingin
enhancementofgarlicantioxidanteffect... Abstract:PubMed
HarisaGEetalPakJPharmSci.22(4):37380(2009).
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The"cholinergicantiinflammatorypathway"providesneurologicalmodulationofcytokinesynthesistolimitthe
magnitudeoftheimmuneresponse.Thisstudyaimedtoevaluatetheimpactofthecholinergicanti
inflammatorypathwayontheextentoftissueintegrity,oxidantantioxidantstatusandneutrophilinfiltrationtothe
inflamedorganinaratmodelofaceticacidinducedcolitis.Colitiswasinducedbyintrarectaladministrationof
5%aceticacid(1mL)toSpragueDawleyrats(200250gn=78pergroup).Controlgroupreceivedanequal
volumeofsalineintrarectally.Theratsweretreatedwitheithernicotine(1mg/kg/day)orhuperzineA
(0.1mg/kg/day)intraperitoneallyfor3days.Afterdecapitation,thedistalcolonwasscoredmacroscopicallyand
microscopically.Tissuesampleswereusedforthemeasurementofmalondialdehyde(MDA)andglutathione
(GSH)levels,andmyeloperoxidase(MPO)activity.Formationofreactiveoxygenspecieswasmonitoredby
usingchemiluminescence(CL).Nuclearfactor(NF)kappaBexpressionwasevaluatedincolonicsamplesvia
immunohistochemicalanalysis.Trunkbloodwascollectedfortheassessmentoftumornecrosisfactor(TNF)
alpha,interleukin(IL)1beta,IL10,resistinandvisfatinlevels.BothnicotineandhuperzineAreducedtheextent
ofcoloniclesions,increasedcolonicMDAlevel,highMPOactivityandNFkappaBexpressioninthecolitis
group.ElevationofserumIL1betalevelduetocolitiswasalsoattenuatedbybothtreatments.Additionally,
huperzineAwaseffectivetoreversecolitisinducedhighlucigeninenhancedCLvaluesandserumTNFalpha
levels.Colitisgrouprevealeddecreasedserumvisfatinlevelscomparedtocontrolgroupwhichwascompletely
reversedbynicotine.Inconclusion,modulationofthecholinergicsystemeitherbynicotineorAChesterase
inhibitionimprovedaceticacidinducedcolonicinflammationasconfirmedbymacroscopicandmicroscopic
examinationandbiochemicalassays. Abstract:PubMed
KolgaziMetalChemBiolInteract.205(1):7280(2013).
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Immediatefirstaid:Ensurethatadequatedecontaminationhasbeencarriedout.Ifpatientisnotbreathing,
startartificialrespiration,preferablywithademandvalveresuscitator,bagvalvemaskdevice,orpocketmask,
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astrained.PerformCPRasnecessary.Immediatelyflushcontaminatedeyeswithgentlyflowingwater.Donot
inducevomiting.Ifvomitingoccurs,leanpatientforwardorplaceonleftside(headdownposition,ifpossible)to
maintainanopenairwayandpreventaspiration.Keeppatientquietandmaintainnormalbodytemperature.
Obtainmedicalattention./Organicacidsandrelatedcompounds/
Currance,P.L.Clements,B.,Bronstein,A.C.(Eds).EmergencyCareForHazardousMaterialsExposure.3rdrevised
edition,ElsevierMosby,St.Louis,MO2007,p.176
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Basictreatment:Establishapatentairway(oropharyngealornasopharyngealairway,ifneeded).Suctionif
necessary.Watchforsignsofrespiratoryinsufficiencyandassistrespirationsifnecessary.Administeroxygenby
nonrebreathermaskat10to15L/min.Monitorforpulmonaryedemaandtreatifnecessary....Monitorfor
shockandtreatifnecessary....Foreyecontamination,flusheyesimmediatelywithwater.Irrigateeacheye
continuouslywith0.9%saline(NS)duringtransport....Donotuseemetics.Foringestion,rinsemouthand
administer5mL/kgupto200mLofwaterfordilutionifthepatientcanswallow,hasastronggagreflex,and
doesnotdrool.Activatedcharcoalisnoteffective....Donotattempttoneutralizebecauseofexothermic
reaction.Coverskinburnswithdry,steriledressingsafterdecontamination..../Organicacidsandrelated
compounds/
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Advancedtreatment:Considerorotrachealornasotrachealintubationforairwaycontrolinthepatientwhois
unconscious,hasseverepulmonaryedema,orisinsevererespiratorydistress.Earlyintubation,atthefirstsign
ofupperairwayobstruction,maybenecessary.Positivepressureventilationtechniqueswithabagvalvemask
devicemaybebeneficial.Considerdrugtherapyforpulmonaryedema....Consideradministeringabeta
agonistsuchasalbuterolforseverebronchospasm....Monitorcardiacrhythmandtreatarrhythmiasas
necessary....StartIVadministrationofD5W/SRP:"Tokeepopen",minimalflowrate/.Use0.9%saline(NS)
orlactatedRinger's(LR)ifsignsofhypovolemiaarepresent.Forhypotensionwithsignsofhypovolemia,
administerfluidcautiously.Considervasopressorsifpatientishypotensivewithanormalfluidvolume.Watchfor
signsoffluidoverload....Useproparacainehydrochloridetoassisteyeirrigation..../Organicacidsandrelated
compounds/
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3to5%aceticacidiscommonlyusedinthefieldofgynecologyforcolposcopicexaminationsofthecervix.It
givesan'acetowhite'effectthatmayassistcliniciansinidentifyingneoplasticareas.CASE:Aperimenopausal
womanwastreatedwithaceticacidforabnormalPapsmearreport(cervicalintraepithelialneoplasia1).During
application,thepatientcomplainedofburningsensationofvaginaandvulva.Thevaginawassalineirrigated
afterrealizingthattheaceticacidhadnotbeendiluted.Followingthisincident,thepatientwasseenweeklyand
treatedwithconjugatedvaginalestrogencream.Thepatientrecoveredandthevaginalmucosahealedwithin
twoweeks.CONCLUSION:Aceticacidiscorrosiveandmaycausevaginalbleeding.Estrogencreamcanbe
usedinanattempttominimizetheadversereactionandspeedthehealingprocess. Abstract:PubMed
OuKYetalAustNZJObstetGynaecol.47(4):3456(2007).
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12.1.12 MedicalSurveillance
Employeesshouldbescreenedforhistoryof.../chronicrespiratory,skinand,eyediseases/...whichmight
placetheemployeeatanincreasedriskfromaceticacidexposure.
1
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12.1.13 HumanToxicityExcerpts
/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/Sixpatientswithfrequentepisodesofsymptomatichypotensionduring
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acetatedialysisweretreatedwithbicarbonatedialysis....Duringacetatedialysis,thepatientsshoweda
frequentonsetofsuddenhypotensionandarrhythmiawithconcomitantsymptomsofthesocalleddisequilibrium
syndrome.Noneofthesesymptomswereseenduringbicarbonatedialysis./Acetate/ Abstract:PubMed
HamplHetalArtifOrgans6(4):4106(1982)
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/HUMANEXPOSURESTUDIES/Aceticacidisusedinplastics,chemicalandpharmaceuticalindustries....The
aimofthisstudywastoevaluateacuteirritationduringcontrolledexposuretovaporsofaceticacid.Sixfemale
andsixmalehealthyvolunteerswereexposedto0ppm(controlexposure),5and10ppmaceticacidvaporfor2
hratrestinabalancedorder.Subjectiveratingsofnasalirritationandsmellincreasedsignificantlywith
exposurelevel.Exceptforsmell,allaverageratingsat10ppmwereatthelowerendofthe0100mmvisual
analoguescale,anddidnotexceedtheverbalexpression"somewhat"(26mm).Noeffectsonpulmonary
function,nasalswelling,nasalairwayresistanceorplasmainflammatorymarkers(Creactiveprotein,and
interleukin6),measuredbeforeandafterexposure,wereseen.Therewasanonsignificanttendencyto
increasedblinkingfrequency,asmeasuredcontinuouslyduringexposure,afterexposureto10ppmaceticacid.
Inconclusion,ourstudysuggestsamildirritativeeffectat10ppmaceticacid. Abstract:PubMed
ErnstgardLetalToxicolLett.165(1):2230(2006).
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/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/...Asplashofvinegar(4to10%aceticacidsolution)inthehumaneyecauses
immediatepainandconjunctivalhyperemia,sometimeswithinjuryofthecornealepithelium.
2
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/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Repeatedorprolongedcontactwithskinmaycausedermatitis.Thesubstancemay
haveeffectsonthegastrointestinaltract,resultingindigestivedisordersincludingpyrosisandconstipation.
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/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Longtermexposurecanleadtodarkeningoftheskin,erosionoftoothenameland
chronicinflammationoftherespiratorytract.
AnonCanadianCentreforOccupationalHealthandSafetyL8N1H614p(1984)
fromHSDB
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Workersexposedforanumberofyearstoconcentrationofupto200ppmhave
beenfoundtosufferfrompalpebraledemawithhypertrophyofthelymphnodes,conjunctivalhyperaemia,
chronicpharyngitis,chroniccatarrhalbronchitisandinsomecasesasthmaticbronchitisandtracesoferosionon
thevestibularsurfaceofteeth(incisorsandcanines).Followingrepeatedexposures,workersmaycomplainof
digestivedisorderswithpyrosisandconstipation.Skinonpalmsofhands...becomedry,crackedand
hyperkeratotic.
InternationalLabourOffice.EncyclopaediaofOccupationalHealthandSafety.4thedition,Volumes141998.Geneva,
Switzerland:InternationalLabourOffice,1998.,p.104.13
fromHSDB
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/...Unacclimatizedhumansexperienceextremeeyeandnasalirritationat
concentrationsinexcessof25ppmconjunctivitisfromconcentrationsbelow10ppmhasbeenreported.
...Glacial(100%)aceticacid...hascausedpermanentcornealopacification.
12
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/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Localeffectsofaceticacidvaporincludeirritationanddamageoftheeyes,nose,
throat,andlungs.Bronchopneumonia,pulmonaryedema,andreactiveairwaydysfunctionsyndromemayfollow
acuteinhalationoverexposure.Contactwithconcentratedaceticacidmayleadtosevereskinandeyedamage
sufficienttocauselossofsight.Repeatedorprolongedexposuretoaceticacidmaycauseskindarkening,
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erosionoftheexposedfrontteeth,andchronicinflammationofnosethroatandbronchi.
Dart,R.C.(ed).MedicalToxicology.ThirdEdition,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins.Philadelphia,PA.2004.,p.1298
fromHSDB
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Bronchopneumoniaandpulmonaryedemamaydevelopfollowingacute
overexposure.Chronicexposuremayresultinpharyngitisandcatarrhalbronchitis.Ingestion,thoughnotlikelyto
occurinindustry,mayresultinpenetrationoftheesophagus,bloodyvomiting,diarrhea,shock,hemolysis,and
hemoglobinuria...followedbyanuria.
SittigMHandbookofToxicandHazardousChemicalsp.2021(1981)
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/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/Afteringestionorskincontact:Corrosionofmucousmembranesofmouth,throat,
andesophagus,withimmediatepainanddysphagia.Thenecroticareasareatfirstgrayishwhitebutsoon
acquireablackishdiscolorationandsometimesashrunkenorwrinkledtexturetheprocessisdescribedasa
"coagulationnecrosis."Epigastricpain,whichmaybeassociatedwithnauseaandthevomitingofmucoidand
"coffeeground"material.Attimes,gastrichemorrhagemaybeintense,andthevomitusthencontainsfresh
blood.Profoundthirst.Ulcerationofallmembranesandtissueswithwhichtheacidcomesincontact....
Circulatorycollapsewithclammyskin,weakandrapidpulse,shallowrespirations,andscantyurine.Circulatory
shockisoftentheimmediatecauseofdeath.Asphyxialdeathduetoglotticedema.Lateesophageal,gastric
andpyloricstricturesandstenoses,whichmayrequiremajorsurgicalrepair,shouldbeanticipated.Signsof
obstructioncommonlyappearwithinafewweeksbutmaybedelayedformonthsandevenyears.Permanent
scarsmayalsoappearinthecornea,skinandoropharynx.Uncorrectedcirculatorycollapseofseveralhours'
durationmayleadtorenalfailureandischemiclesionsintheliverandheart.
Gosselin,R.E.,R.P.Smith,H.C.Hodge.ClinicalToxicologyofCommercialProducts.5thed.Baltimore:Williamsand
Wilkins,1984.,p.II102
fromHSDB
/SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS/...Anexcessofprostatecancer(SMR=330.495%confidenceinterval=121.3
719.1)wasobservedamongformerchemicalplantworkers,someofwhomhadbeenexposedtobothacetic
acidandaceticanhydride. Abstract:PubMed
WhortonMDetalAmJIndMed33(3):2936(1998)
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/CASEREPORTS/...Workersexposedfor7to12yrsatconcentrationsof60ppm,plus1hrdailyat100200
ppm,/werereportedtohave/hadnoinjuryexceptslightirritationoftherespiratorytract...andskin.However,...
/adifferentreport/foundconjunctivitis,bronchitis,pharangitis,anderosionofexposedteeth,apparentlyinthe
sameworkers.
AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.DocumentationoftheTLVsandBEIswithOtherWorldWide
OccupationalExposureValues.7thEd.CDROMCincinnati,OH4524016342013.,p.3
fromHSDB
/CASEREPORTS/Aceticacidmaycauseallergicreactionsinhumans....Apatientwithbronchialasthmawho
reactedtoaceticacidchallenge/isreported/....Someresearchersconsideraceticacidcapableofcausinga
syndromeknownas"reactiveairwaysdysfunction,"orRADs....Thissyndromeresemblesbronchialasthmabut
differsinthatexposuretosmalldosesdoesnotcauseareactionafewweeksafteronset.Symptomsinclude
dyspnea,wheezing,andcough.
p.V5703
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/CASEREPORTS/Twopatientsadmittedafteringestionof80%aceticacidaredescribed.Onlythefirstpatient
developedhemolysis,slightintravascularcoagulationandoligurickidneyinsufficiency.Theyweretreatedwitha
nasogastrictubeandtotalparenteralfeeding.Duringthefirstweekafteradmissionurinaryexcretionofbeta2
microglobulin,alanineaminopeptidaseandNacetylglucosaminidasewassignificantlyincreased.Thepatients
remainedhemodynamicallystableanddidnotdevelopfever.Theabovementionedelevatedexcretionsreturned
tonormallevels.Bothpatientsshowedsimilarpatternsoftubularproteinuria.Theobservationsinthesecond
patientsuggestadirecttoxiceffectofaceticacidontheproximaltubuleofthekidney. Abstract:PubMed
SchardijnGHetalNedTijdschrGeneeskd133(11):55659(1989)
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/CASEREPORTS/Intwopatients,accidentalapplicationofaceticacidtotheeyesfollowedveryquicklyby
irrigationwithwaterresultedinimmediatecornealopacification.Thecorneasclearedsufficientlyinafewdaysto
revealsevereiritisandsmallpupilsfixedbyposteriorsynechiae.Regenerationoftheepitheliumtookmany
months,butcornealanesthesiaandopacitywerepermanent.
p.V5703
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/CASEREPORTS//Investigators/reportacaseofrapidlyprogressivesevereupperairwayobstructioninasmall
childcausedbyaccidentalingestionof80%aceticacid.Emergencycricothyrotomywasnecessaryafterboth
endotrachealintubationandbagvalvemaskventilationwerenotpossible.Althoughintubationwaseventually
achieved,atracheostomywasnecessary.Toxinspilledovertheanteriorchestandabdomencausedthirddegree
skinburnswhichrequiredgrafting.Mildliverdysfunctionwasobserved.Completerecoveryoccurred. Abstract:
PubMed
TibballsJetalAnaesthIntensiveCare.34(3):37981(2006).
fromHSDB
/CASEREPORTS/3to5%aceticacidiscommonlyusedinthefieldofgynecologyforcolposcopic
examinationsofthecervix.Itgivesan'acetowhite'effectthatmayassistcliniciansinidentifyingneoplastic
areas.CASE:AperimenopausalwomanwastreatedwithaceticacidforabnormalPapsmearreport(cervical
intraepithelialneoplasia1).Duringapplication,thepatientcomplainedofburningsensationofvaginaandvulva.
Thevaginawassalineirrigatedafterrealizingthattheaceticacidhadnotbeendiluted.Followingthisincident,
thepatientwasseenweeklyandtreatedwithconjugatedvaginalestrogencream.Thepatientrecoveredandthe
vaginalmucosahealedwithintwoweeks.CONCLUSION:Aceticacidiscorrosiveandmaycausevaginal
bleeding.Estrogencreamcanbeusedinanattempttominimizetheadversereactionandspeedthehealing
process. Abstract:PubMed
OuKYetalAustNZJObstetGynaecol.47(4):3456(2007).
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/CASEREPORTS/A37yearoldmanwhoworkedasamaintenancefitterdevelopedbothreversibleairways
obstructionandsteroidresponsiveinterstitialpneumonitisafteraccidentalexposuretoglacialaceticacid.He
wasexposedtoablowbackoftheacidinapetrochemicalworks,andsufferedfirstdegreeburnsontheface
andarms.Hedevelopedprogressiveexertionaldyspnea,limitinghimtoquietwalkingonflatareas.Physical
examinationrevealedburnstothefaceandarmsandinspiratorybasalcrackles.Chestradiographindicated
patchybilateralreticulonodularinfiltrationdominantlyofthebases.Evenafter3months,therewasno
improvementinhiscondition.Bronchoscopyshowedwidespreadbronchialinflammatorychanges.Adoublingof
macrophagesandatenfoldincreaseinlymphocyteswerenotedwhichamountedto34%ofthetotal
inflammatorycells.Adiffuse,moderate,mainlymononuclear,interstitialpneumonitiswasnotedon
transbronchialbiopsy.Hewastreatedwithhighdosenebulizedbronchodilatorsandcorticosteroids.Aprompt
andsustainedimprovementwasnotedinspirometryandclearingofhischestradiograph.Progresswas
maintainedforatleast18months.[RajanKG,DaviesBHBrJIndMed46(1):6768(1989)] Fulltext:
PMC1009727 Abstract:PubMed
fromHSDB
/CASEREPORTS/...Glacialaceticacidiswidelyusedasasubstituteforchemicalpeelingbecauseitisreadily
...availableandaffordable.However,itsusecanresultinanumberofseriouscomplications.A28yearold
femalepatientwasadmittedto/the/hospitalwithdeepseconddegreechemicalburnsonherfacecausedby
theapplicationofamixtureofglacialaceticacidandflourforchemicalpeeling.Duringa6monthfollowup,
hypertrophicscarringdevelopedonthebothnasolabialfoldsdespitescarmanagement.Glacialaceticacidisa
concentratedformoftheorganicacid,whichgivesvinegaritssourtasteandpungentsmell,anditisalsoan
importantreagentduringtheproductionoforganiccompounds.Unfortunately,misleadinginformationregarding
theuseofglacialaceticacidforchemicalpeelingiscausingseriouschemicalburns.Furthermore,thereishigh
possibilityofapoorprognosis,whichincludesinflammation,hypertrophicscarformationandpigmentation
associatedwithitsmisuse.... Abstract:PubMed
YooJHetal.JPlastReconstrAesthetSurg.63(12):e82931(2010).
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/CASEREPORTS/A22yearoldwomandevelopedanaphylacticreationstopureethylalcohol(ethanol)andan
immediatetypeallergytoaceticacid.Pricktestswithethylalcohol,wine,andbeerwerenegative,whereas
vinegarandaceticacid(9.6and0.96%)gave+++reactions.Controltestswithaceticacidin10patientsyielded
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negativeor(+)reactionstothe9.6%concentrationandnegativereactionstothe0.96%concentration.Oral
provocationtestsledtosevereanaphylaxiswithurticaria,facialflushing,itchingofthemucousmembranes,
hoarseness,dyspnea,tachycardia,andpainfuluterinecrampsaftertheingestionofonemlofethylalcoholor50
mLofbeer.Thesevereanaphylacticreationafteringestionofaslittleasonemlofethylalcoholassociatedwith
a+++pricktestreactiontoaceticacidinadefinitelynonirritatingconcentrationstronglysuggeststhatthe
patient'sanaphylacticreactionsarebasedonanimmediatetypeallergytoaceticacid,themainmetaboliteof
ethylalcohol.
PrzybillaB,RingJLancet1(Feb26):483(1983)
fromHSDB
/CASEREPORTS/Acasestudyisreportedwhereanindividualingested200mLofan80%solutionofacetic
acid.Thepatientsurvivedtheintoxicationbyuseofhemodialysisandintensivecaretherapy.Repeatedshock
duetomyocardialinfarctionandmassiveintestinalbleedingledtoanorganicbrainpsychosyndrome. Abstract:
PubMed
HakenbeckHetalZUrolNephrol77(5):3114(1984)
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/CASEREPORTS/Apatientwithbronchialasthmawhodevelopedalateasthmaticresponsetoinhalation
challengewithglacialaceticacidispresented.Thisisbelievedtobethefirstdescriptionofareactiontothis
allergeninanasthmaticpatient.[KivitySetalThorax49(7):7278(1994)] Fulltext:PMC475071 Abstract:
PubMed
fromHSDB
/CASEREPORTS/Theenhancedtoxicityofacidinstilleddirectlyintotherectum,withoutbenefitofdilutionand
neutralizationintheupperintestine,isevidentinacaseofaceticacidintoxicationbyaccidentalrectal
administrationof50mLof9%aceticacidtoa5yroldboy.Thecomplicationsincludednecrosisofthecolon,
acuterenalfailure,acuteliverdysfunction,disseminatedintravascularcoagulopathy(DIC)andsepsis. Abstract:
PubMed
KawamataMetalJToxicolClinToxicol32(3):33336(1994)
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/SURVEILLANCE/Aceticacidisawidelyusedorganicacidwithcorrosivepropertiesthatdependonits
concentration.Ifaceticacidisingestedinconcentrationsabove30%itmayseverelydamagetheupper
gastrointestinaltractandcauseintravascularhemolysis,whichcanresultinseverekidneyandliverdisordersand
disseminatedintravascularcoagulation....thisretrospectivestudy...analyzedaceticacidingestiondatacollected
attheUniversityClinicforToxicologyofSkopje,Macedoniafrom1January2002to31December2011.The
analysisincludedsystemiccomplications,kidneydamage,andtheoutcomesinparticular.Overthetenyears,84
patientswerereportedattheClinictohaveingestedhighlyconcentratedaceticacid.Twentyeightdeveloped
kidneydisorders,whiletheremaining56hadnocomplications.Fataloutcomewasreportedfor11patients,
sevenofwhomhadsystemiccomplicationsandfourseveregastrointestinalcomplications. Abstract:PubMed
ChibishevAetalArhHigRadaToksikol.64(1):1538(2013).
fromHSDB
/SURVEILLANCE/Respiratoryfunctionwasassessedinafollowupstudyofworkersexposedtoaceticacidina
foodprocessingoccupation.Fortynineofanoriginal152femaleworkersinaCroatianvegetablepicklingfactory
wereexposedtoheatedaceticacid(410%)duringtheworkdayataverageconcentrationsof19to40mg/cum.
Noprogressionorworseningwasfoundbutwerestillpresent2yearsfollowingtheoriginalsurveyinwhich
symptomsofoccupationalasthmawererecorded,includinghoarsenessandrhinitis,aswellasdecreasesinlung
function,includingforcedexpiratoryvolumeandforcedvitalcapacity.
p.V5704
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/ALTERNATIVEandINVITROTESTS/Theantiseptic...0.25%aceticacidwasdirectlyappliedtocultured
humanfibroblaststoquantitativelyassessitscytotoxicity.Itwascytotoxicandadverselyaffectedwoundhealing
inananimalmodel.Comparisonofbactericidalandcytotoxiceffectsofserialdilutionsindicatedthatcellular
toxicityexceededitsbacterialpotency....Thisexperimentprovidesevidencethat0.25%aceticacidisunsuitable
foruseinwoundcare. Abstract:PubMed
LineaweaverW,etalArchSurg120(3):26770(1985)
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/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/...Thirtyfivepatientswithhistologicallyconfirmedhighgradesquamous
intraepitheliallesionsofthecervixenteredthestudy....Telomeraseactivitywasdetectablein27of35(77.1%)
freshtissuesamples,15of35(42.9%)tissuesamplesswabbedwith5%aceticacid,and0of10(0%)normal
cervicaltissuesamples,respectively.Twelvesamplesbecametelomerasenegativeafter5%aceticacidapplied.
Amongthe15telomerasepositivetissuesamplesswabbedwith5%aceticacid,12hadrelativeweak
telomeraseactivitycomparedtocorrespondingfreshtissuesamples,theother3remainedthesame. Abstract:
PubMed
ChangChienCC,etalGynecolOncol71(1):99103(1998)
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12.1.14 NonHumanToxicityExcerpts
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Noeffect/wasfound/inguineapigsorrabbitsafter/application/
of10%aceticacidsolutiontointactorabradedskinpatches.Concentrationsfrom80%toglacialproduced
severeburnstoguineapigskin,concentrationsform5080%producedmoderatetosevereburns,andbelow
50%therewasrelativelymildinjury.
p.V5701
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/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Liquidglacialaceticacidcausesdevastatinginjurywhenappliedto
theeyesofrabbits.
Grant,W.M.ToxicologyoftheEye.3rded.Springfield,IL:CharlesC.ThomasPublisher,1986.,p.39
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Aceticacidexposureresultedinasignificant(P<0.02)increase
inlungresistance(by80%)andlungelastance(by67%),lasting<10minutespostexposure,butnosignificant
changeinmethacholineresponsivenessatonedayandsevendayspostexposure. Abstract:PubMed
ArielAPetalCanRespirJ5(5):34954(1998)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Minorchangesinrespirationinguineapigsinhaling5ppm
aceticacid,withmorepronouncedeffectsat100ppm.
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Inhalationof16,000ppmkilledoneofsixexposedrats.
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Aclassicalfeatureofvisceralpainisitsreferringtosomatic
locations.Gastriculcerisasourceofvisceralpain.Inthepresentstudy/researchers/investigatedwhether
gastriculcersmaytriggerthechangesinsomaticnociception.Forthisaimsomaticpainsensitivitywas
estimatedunderconditionsofgastriculcerdevelopmentandhealing.Gastriculcerswereinducedbyluminal
applicationof60%aceticacidundersurgicalconditions.Controlratsweresubjectedtothesamesurgical
procedure,butwiththeapplicationofsalineinsteadoftheacid.Somaticpainsensitivity(tailflicklatency),
plasmacorticosteronelevel,adrenalandthymusweightwereinvestigatedunderconditionsoftheformationand
thehealingofgastriculcers.Theapplicationoftheacidresultedintheformationofkissinggastriculcers,the
increaseofsomaticpainsensitivity(thedecreaseoftailflicklatency)aswellastheappearanceoftypicalsigns
ofchronicstress:longlastingincreaseofplasmacorticosteronelevel,adrenalglandhypertrophyandthymus
glandinvolution.Naturalhealingofgastriculcerswasaccompaniedbyrestorationofpainsensitivityaswellas
attenuationofthesignsofchronicstress.Delayofulcerhealingbythedailyindomethacinadministration(2
mg/kg,s.c.)preventedtherestorationofsomaticpainsensitivity.Theresultssuggestthatchronicgastriculcers
maytriggersomatichypersensitivity. Abstract:PubMed
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maytriggersomatichypersensitivity. Abstract:PubMed
YarushkinaNetalAutonNeurosci.126127:1005(2006).
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/Theototoxicityofanoticdroppreparationcontaining2%acetic
acidand3%propyleneglycol...wasinvestigatedaccordingtomeasurementsofendocochlearpotentialand
innerearfluidpH./Twentyhealthychinchillasweighing450to550gwereanesthetizedbyanintramuscular
injectionofketaminehydrochloride(40mg/kg).Artificialventilationwasprovidedbyarespiratorthrougha
trachealcannula,andanintramuscularinjectionofgallaminetriethiodine(6mg/kg)wasadministeredasa
musclerelaxant.Thetympanicbullawasthenopened./Theapplicationofthispreparationtotheroundwindow
membranefor30minutescausedadepressioninendocochlearpotentialfrom80.5+/2.5mV(mean+/SD
n=6)to11.7+/7.7mV,andloweredinnerearfluidpHfrom7.55+/0.09to5.06+/0.19(n=6)inperilymph
andfrom7.52+/0.07to5.88+/0.63(n=6)inendolymph.Twopercentaceticacidproducedsimilarchanges
after30minutes:endocochlearpotentialwasreducedfrom83.0+/2.2mVto34.0+/2.9mVand
endolymphaticpHfrom7.49+/0.04to6.83+/0.21(n=4).However,theapplicationofartificialperilymphof
pH4titratedwithhydrochloricacidinducednosignificantchangesineitherendocochlearpotentialor
endolymphaticpH. Abstract:PubMed
IdedaK,MorizonoTAmJOtolaryngol10(6):38285(1989)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:AcuteExposure/...Aslittleas1.0mLofglacialaceticacidhasresultedin
perforationoftheesophagus.
2
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/Laboratoryanimals(unspecifiedspecies)that
inhaledaceticacidvapors(27to86mg/cum)for3to35daysshowedchangesintreadmillrunduration,open
fieldactivity,andethylene,acetaldehyde,andacetoneconcentrationsintheirexhaledair.
p.V5701
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/Fourgroupsof2youngpigswerefeddaily
dietscontaining0,240,720,960and1200mg/kgbodyweight/dayforsuccessive30dayperiodstoatotalof
150days.Therewerenosignificantdifferencesingrowthrate,weightgain,earlymorningurinaryammoniaand
terminalbloodpHbetweencontrolsandtestgroups.
WHOFoodAdditiveSeries64:Aceticacid(1967).Availablefrom,asofFebruary9,2004:
http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/40abcj37.htm
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure//Thestudy/investigatedtheeffectofacetic
acid(AcOH)onthepreventionofobesityinhighfatfedmice.Themicewereintragastricallyadministratedwith
wateror0.3or1.5%AcOHfor6weeks.AcOHadministrationinhibitedtheaccumulationofbodyfatandhepatic
lipidswithoutchangingfoodconsumptionorskeletalmuscleweight.Significantincreaseswereobservedinthe
expressionsofgenesforperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptoralpha(PPARalpha)andforfattyacid
oxidationandthermogenesisrelatedproteins:acetylCoAoxidase(ACO),carnitinepalmitoyltransferase1
(CPT1),anduncouplingprotein2(UCP2),intheliveroftheAcOHtreatmentgroups.PPARalpha,ACO,CPT
1,andUCP2geneexpressionswereincreasedinvitrobyacetateadditiontoHepG2cells.However,theeffects
werenotobservedincellsdepletedofalpha25'AMPactivatedproteinkinase(AMPK)bysiRNA.Inconclusion,
AcOHsuppressesaccumulationofbodyfatandliverlipidsbyupregulationofgenesforPPARalphaandfatty
acidoxidationrelatedproteinsbyalpha2AMPKmediationintheliver. Abstract:PubMed
KondoTetalJAgricFoodChem.57(13):59826(2009).
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/Toinvestigatetheefficacyoftheintakeof
vinegarforpreventionofhyperlipidemia,/thestudy/examinedtheeffectofdietaryaceticacid,themain
componentofvinegar,onserumlipidvaluesinratsfedadietcontaining1%(w/w)cholesterol.Animalswere
allowedfreeaccesstoadietcontainingnocholesterol,adietcontaining1%cholesterolwithoutaceticacid,ora
dietcontaining1%cholesterolwith0.3%(w/w)aceticacidfor19days.Then,theywerekilledafterfood
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deprivationfor7hrs.Cholesterolfeedingincreasedserumtotalcholesterolandtriacylglycerollevels.Compared
withthecholesterolfedgroup,thecholesterolandaceticacidfedgrouphadsignificantlylowervaluesforserum
totalcholesterolandtriacylglycerols,liverATPcitratelyase(ATPCL)activity,andliver3hydroxy3
methylglutarylCoAcontentaswellaslivermRNAlevelsofsterolregulatoryelementbindingprotein1,ATPCL
andfattyacidsynthase(P<0.05).Further,theserumsecretinlevel,liveracylCoAoxidaseexpression,andfecal
bileacidcontentweresignificantlyhigherinthecholesterolandaceticacidfedgroupthaninthecholesterolfed
group(P<0.05).However,aceticacidfeedingaffectedneitherthemRNAlevelnoractivityofcholesterol7alpha
hydroxylase.Inconclusion,dietaryaceticacidreducedserumtotalcholesterolandtriacylglycerol:firstduetothe
inhibitionoflipogenesisinliversecondduetotheincrementinfecalbileacidexcretioninratsfedadiet
containingcholesterol. Abstract:PubMed
FushimiTetalBrJNutr.95(5):91624(2006).
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/Intragastricintubationof3mLof10percent
solutionaceticacidtoratsfor90daysproducedadropinhemoglobinconcentrationanderythrocytecount.
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/...Methyltriacetoxysilaneundergoesrapid
hydrolysisinmoist/aqueousenvironments(t1/2islessthan12seconds)toaceticacidandthecorresponding
trisilanols,thusobservedtoxicityislikelydueprimarilytoaceticacid...Methyltriacetoxysilaneisseverelyirritating
andcorrosivetotheskin,andcorrosivetotheeyesofanimalsandislikelytobearespiratoryirritantbasedon
productionofaceticacidfollowinghydrolysis.Ina7dayoralrangefindingstudy(gavage)ratsweretreatedwith
0,17(males),23(females),100,500and1000mg/kg/d).Ethyltriacetoxysilanerapidlyhydrolyzes(inseconds)to
aceticacidandatrisilanol(3:1).Thesilanolgeneratedisinsignificantinbothquantityandtoxicityrelativetothe
productionofaceticacidanditsassociatedtoxicity.Animalsfromthe17(males),23(females)and100
mg/kg/daydosegroupssurvivedtoday7.Animalsfromthe500and1000mg/kg/daydosegroupswere
sacrificedafterthethirddoseasaconsequenceoftwodeaths(onefromeachgroup),markedbodyweightloss,
andseverityoflesions(ulcerationanderosionofstomachandesophagus)observedinnecropsiedanimals.The
stomachlesionsobservedresembledirritationfromaceticacidproduction.This7dayrangefinderstudy
indicatedthatamaximumdoseleveloflessthan17(males)and23(females)mg/kg/daywouldberequiredfor
alongerdurationrepeateddosestudyinordertoavoiddeathorobvioussufferingduetothecorrosivityofthe
hydrolysisproduct,aceticacid.NOAELsfollowingrepeatedexposuretoaceticacidanditssaltsrangefrom210
mg/kgbw/day(24monthaceticaciddrinkingwaterstudysystemictoxicity)to3600mg/kgbw/day(aceticacid,
sodiumsalt,4weekdietarystudynoeffectsreported).Signsofirritation/corrosionatthesiteofcontactaswell
assystemictoxicityhavebeenreported.Prolongedinhalationexposuretoaceticacidresultsinmuscle
imbalance,increaseinbloodcholinesteraseactivity,decreasesinalbuminsanddecreasedgrowthat
concentrationsgreaterthan0.01mg/cum/day...
SIDS.ScreeningInformationDataSetforHighProductionVolumeChemicals.P140.(2006)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:SubchronicorPrechronicExposure/Ethanolandaceticacidarecommonend
productsfromsilages.Themainobjectiveofthisstudywastodeterminewhetherhighconcentrationsofethanol
oraceticacidintotalmixedrationwouldaffectperformanceindairycows.ThirtymidlactationHolsteincows
weregroupedin10blocksandfedoneofthefollowingdietsfor7wk:(1)control(33%Bermudahay+67%
concentrates),(2)ethanol[controldiet+5%ethanol,drymatter(DM)basis],or(3)aceticacid(controldiet+5%
aceticacid,DMbasis).Ethanolandaceticacidweredilutedinwater(1:2)andsprayedontototalmixedrations
twicedailybeforefeeding.Anequalamountofwaterwasmixedwiththecontrolration.Toadaptanimalsto
thesetreatments,cowswerefedonlyhalfofthetreatmentdoseduringthefirstweekofstudy.Cowsfedethanol
yieldedmoremilk(37.9kg/d)thanthosefedthecontrol(35.8kg/d)oraceticacid(35.3kg/d)diets,mainlydue
tothehigherDMintake(DMI23.7,22.2,and21.6kg/d,respectively).Thesignificantdietxweekinteractionfor
DMI,mainlyduringwk2and3(whenaceticacidreachedthefulldose),wasrelatedtothedecreaseinDMI
observedfortheaceticacidtreatment.TherewasadietxweekinteractioninexcretionofmilkenergyperDMI
duringwk2and3,duetocowsfedaceticacidsustainedmilkyielddespitelowerDMI.Energyefficiencywas
similaracrossdiets.Bloodmetabolites(glucose,insulin,nonesterifiedfattyacids,ethanol,andgammaglutamyl
transferaseactivity)andsensorycharacteristicsofmilkwerenotaffectedbythesetreatments.Animal
performancesuggestedsimilarenergyvalueforthedietcontainingethanolcomparedwithotherdiets.Rumen
conversionofethanoltoacetateandaconcomitantincreaseinmethaneproductionmightbeaplausible
explanationforthedeviationofthepredictedenergyvaluebasedontheheatofcombustion.Therefore,theloss
ofvolatilecompoundsduringthedryingprocessinthelaboratoryshouldbeconsideredwhencalculatingenergy
contentoffermentedfeedstuffs. Abstract:PubMed
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DanielJLetalJDairySci.96(1):398406(2013)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:ChronicExposureorCarcinogenicity/Longtermtreatment/ofunspecifiedanimals/
with3%aceticacidadministeredintragastricallyfor6monthsresultedinchronicinflammationoftheesophageal
mucosa.
p.V5701
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:ChronicExposureorCarcinogenicity/Thepotencyofaceticacidinthetumor
progressionphaseofthemouseskinmodelofchemicalcarcinogenesisandtheroleofcytotoxicityin
carcinogenesiswasdiscussed....Micetreatedwithaceticacidhadagreatercarcinomaincidencethanmice
treatedwithacetonealone,80versus47%,respectively.Thetotalnumberofpapillomasthatprogressedto
carcinomaswas55%greaterintheaceticacidtreatmentgroup.Papillomaregressionwasnotsignificantly
alteredintheaceticacidgroup,comparedtotheacetonegroup.Histologicalexaminationrevealednosignificant
differencesinthecancersformed. Abstract:PubMed
RotsteinJBetalCancerLett42(12):8790(1988)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:DevelopmentalorReproductiveToxicity/...Aceticacidhadnoeffectson
implantationoronmaternalorfetalsurvivalinrats,miceorrabbitsdosedviagavageduringgestationdays619
atdosesupto1600mg/kg/day.Thenumberofabnormalitiesseenineithersoftorskeletaltissuesofthetest
groupsdidnotdifferfromthenumberoccurringinthecontrols...
SIDS.ScreeningInformationDataSetforHighProductionVolumeChemicals.P140.(2006)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:DevelopmentalorReproductiveToxicity/Amajorclassofdisinfectionbyproducts
foundindrinkingwaterarethehaloaceticacids.Haloaceticacidscanbeformedbyavarietyofprocesses,e.g.
chloroaceticacidscanbeformedduringchlorinationandbromoaceticacidscanbebyproductsofozonation.
Bothdichloroandtrichloroaceticacidshavebeenreportedtobeteratogenic.Thereislittleinformation
regardingthedevelopmentaltoxicityofbromoacetatesandnostructureactivityanalysisofhaloacetates.
Therefore,36somiteCD1mouseembryoswereexposedtoaceticacid(AA),ormono(M),di(D),andtri(T)
substitutedchloro(C)orbromo(B)aceticacids(A)(e.g.DCA=dichloroaceticacid)inwholeembryocultureand
themorphologicaleffectswereevaluated.Conceptusesexposedtotheseagentsfor24hoursexhibited
malformations.Neuraltubedefectsrangedfromprosencephalichypoplasiatononclosurethroughoutthecranial
region.Othercraniofacialdefectsincludedoptic,oticandpharyngealarchdysmorphogenesis.Benchmark
concentrations(BC)fora5%increaseinNTDsforthestudiedchemicalsinorderofincreasingpotencyare
dichloroaceticacid(2452uM)<aceticacid(1888uM)<tribromoaceticacid(1403uM)<trichloroaceticacid(1336
uM)<dibromoaceticacid(162uM)<monochloroaceticacid(91.5uM)<monobromoaceticacid(2.68uM).
Quantitativestructureactivityrelationshipswerederivedfromthesedataandother(iodo(I)andfluoro(F))
haloaceticaciddatanotpresented(monoiodoaceticacid,monofluoroaceticacid,difluoroaceticacid,
trifluoroaceticacid).Thebestregressionwasderivedbyexcludingaceticacid(n=10)andrelatinglog(1/BC)to
ElumoandpKawithr=0.96,adj.r2=0.90.Thesestudiesindicatethatallofthehaloacetatescandirectlyalter
developmentandthereisawiderangeofconcentrationthatproducedysmorphogenesis.
RogersEHetalTeratology51(3):195(1995)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:DevelopmentalorReproductiveToxicity/Followingmating,adultfemalealbinoCD
1miceweredoseddailybyoralintubationbeginningonday6ofgestationatconcentrationsof0(control),16,
74,345,and1600mg/kgbw/day.Animalswereobserveddailyandbodyweightsrecordedfor10days.Onday
17,Caesariansectionswereperformedonalldamsandthenumbersofimplantationsites,resorptionsites,and
liveanddeadfetuseswasrecorded.Generalexternalandinternalexaminationswerealsomadeofthedams.
Noeffectsonnidationoronmaternalorfetalsurvivalwereobservedatdosesupto1600mg/kgbw/day.The
numberofabnormalitiesseenineithersoftorskeletaltissuesofthetestgroupsdidnotdifferfromthenumber
occurringinthecontrols.
fromHSDB
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/LABORATORYANIMALS:DevelopmentalorReproductiveToxicity/Sucklingratswereexposedtooneofthree
soln,2.6X103Mleadacetate,5X103Maceticacidorwater,fromparturitionuntilthepupswere18daysold.
Maleoffspringfromdamsonaceticaciddemonstratedabovenormalpreweaningbodyweightsandwere
significantlylessactivethannormalsintheopenfieldbyday44. Abstract:PubMed
BarrettJ,LiveseyPJNeurobehavToxicolTeratol4(1):1058(1982)
fromHSDB
/LABORATORYANIMALS:DevelopmentalorReproductiveToxicity/Ethanolanditsmetabolitesacetaldehyde
andaceticacidwereinjectedintotheeggsduringincubation,andthecourseoftheeggdevelopmentwas
observedduring21dayscovering3stages(early,middle,andterminal).Lethaleggsoccurredmainlyintheearly
stage.Thetoxicitywasthehighestforacetaldehyde,followedbyethanolandaceticacidindecreasingorder.
Chickenswithsomedeformitieswerehatchedfromtreatedeggs.Astrongresemblancewasshownbetweenthe
deformitiesinthechickensduringtheearlystageofdevelopmentandthefetalalcoholsyndromeinmanatthe
3rdmonthofgestation.
KawamotoKNichidaiIgakuZasshi40(3):24959(1981)
fromHSDB
/GENOTOXICITY/Aceticacid(sodiumsalt)elicitednomutagenicresponseintheAmesSalmonella
typhimuriumassayorinSaccharomycescerevisiaewithorwithoutliverpreparationsfrommouse,rat,or
monkey.
p.V5702
fromHSDB
/GENOTOXICITY/...TheclastogenicityofaceticacidonculturedChinesehamsterovaryK1cells/wasstudied.
Itwas/...concludedthataceticacidwasnotclastogenicatconcentrationsclosetothosethatshowedcytotoxicity
upto16mM).Althoughchromosomalaberrationscouldbeinducedatthesehighconcentrations,theywere
showntobeartifactsduetoacidificationoftheculturemediumandcouldbeeliminatedbyneutralizingthe
mediumorenhancingitsbufferingability.
p.V5702
fromHSDB
/GENOTOXICITY/Aceticacid(64197)hasshownnoevidenceofmutagenicactivitywithorwithoutmetabolic
activationusingAmesSalmonellatyphimuriumstrainsTA98,TA100,TA1535,TA97andTA1537at
concentrationsof100,333,01000,3333,6666,and10000microg/plate.
fromHSDB
/GENOTOXICITY/...Concentrationsofupto16millimolar(mM)formicacid,aceticacid,andlacticacidwere
incubatedwithChinesehamsterovaryK1cellswithorwithoutmetabolicactivationfromliverS9mixfrom
phenobarbitaland5,6benzoflavoneinducedrats....Allthreeacidsinducedchromosomeaberrationsat
concentrationsof12to14mMandinitialpHsof5.2to6.1inthepresenceorabsenceofS9mix....Theacids
inducedchromosomeaberrationsatpH5.8or6.0,buttheirclastogenicitydisappearedwhenthemediumwas
neutralized. Abstract:PubMed
MoritaTetalMutatRes240(3):195202(1990)
fromHSDB
/ALTERNATIVEandINVITROTESTS/Thedirecteffectsofethanolanditsmetabolitesontheguineapiglung
mastcell/werestudied./Highconcentrationsofethanol(100mg/mL),acetaldehyde(0.33mg/mL)andacetic
acid(3mg/mL)inducedhistaminereleasethatwasnotinhibitedbysodiumcyanide(0.3mM).Lower
concentrationofethanol(10mg/mL)andaceticacid(0.3mg/mL),butnotacetaldehyde,inhibitedthehistamine
releaseinducedbyantigenandionophoreA23187.Thehistaminereleaseinducedbyphorbol12miristate13
acetate(1microM)wasalsoinhibitedbyethanol(10mg/mL).Changesinthelevelsofcalcium,glucoseand
phosphatidicaciddidnotinfluencetheeffectofethanol. Abstract:PubMed
MartinezRuizCetalAlcohol20(2):133138(2000)
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/VETERINARYCASEREPORTS/...Deathof2outofsixhorsesdosedbytheirownerforthetreatmentof
Oxyurisinfectionwith15Lofa2.5%solutionofaceticacidtwootherhorseswereseriouslyaffectedandall
showedsymptomsofenteritis....Dullness,lossofappetite,redandjaundicedappearanceofthevisiblemucous
membranesandrapidpulseandrespiration.Postmortemfindingsincludedhemorrhagesinthesmallintestine
anditsmesentery,hyperemiaofthemesentericlymphnodes,diphtheriticinflammationofthesmallcolonwith
subseroushemorrhagesandedemaoftherectum.
Humphreys,D.J.VeterinaryToxicology.3rded.London,England:BailliereTindell,1988.,p.183
fromHSDB
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/Toxiceffectsofaceticacidareduetoitsirritantpropertiesaswellasits
effectonthecentralnervoussystemandkidneys.Largeoraldosescauses...CNSdepressionanddeathinrats
andmice.
fromHSDB
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/...Longtermadministrationofvinegarortheaceticacidto/spontaneously
hypertensiverats/wasexamined.Asaresult,itwasobservedthataceticaciditself...significantlyreducedboth
bloodpressure(p<0.05)andreninactivity(p<0.01)comparedtocontrols....
KondoSetalBiosciBiotechnolBiochem65(12):269094(2001)
fromHSDB
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/Althoughaceticacidhasbeenshowntoinduceapoptosisinyeast,the
exactapoptoticmechanismsremainunknown.Here,/thestudyexamined/theeffectsofaceticacidtreatment
onyeastcellsby2DE,revealingalterationsinthelevelsofproteinsdirectlyorindirectlylinkedwiththetargetof
rapamycin(TOR)pathway:aminoacidbiosynthesis,transcription/translationmachinery,carbohydrate
metabolism,nucleotidebiosynthesis,stressresponse,proteinturnoverandcellcycle.Theincreasedlevelsof
proteinsinvolvedinaminoacidbiosynthesispresentedacounteractingresponsetoasevereintracellularamino
acidstarvationinducedbyaceticacid.DeletionofGCN4andGCN2encodingkeyplayersofgeneralaminoacid
control(GAAC)systemcausedahigherresistancetoaceticacidindicatinganinvolvementofGcn4p/Gcn2pin
theapoptoticsignaling.InvolvementoftheTORpathwayinaceticacidinducedapoptosiswasalsoreflectedby
thehighersurvivalratesassociatedtoaterminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferasemediateddUTPnickendlabeling
(TUNEL)negativephenotypeandlowerreactiveoxygenspecieslevelsofDeltator1cells.Inaddition,deletion
mutantsforseveraldownstreammediatorsoftheTORpathwayrevealedthatapoptoticsignalinginvolvesthe
phosphatasesPph21pandPph22pbutnotSit4p.Altogether,/these/resultsindicatethatGAACandTOR
pathways(Tor1p)areinvolvedinthesignalingofaceticacidinducedapoptosis. Abstract:PubMed
AlmeidaBetalProteomics.9(3):72032(2009).
fromHSDB
/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/Theaceticacidandphenylpbenzoquinoneareeasyandfastscreening
modelstoaccesstheactivityofnovelcandidatesasanalgesicdrugsandtheirmechanisms.Thesemodels
induceacharacteristicandquantifiableovertpainlikebehaviordescribedaswrithingresponseorabdominal
contortions.Theknowledgeofthemechanismsinvolvedinthechosenmodelisacrucialstepforward
demonstratingthemechanismsthatthecandidatedrugwouldinhibitbecausethemechanismstriggeredinthat
modelwillbeaddressed.Herein,itwasinvestigatedtheroleofspinalmitogenactivatedprotein(MAP)kinases
ERK(extracellularsignalregulatedkinase),JNK(JunNterminalKinase)andp38,PI(3)K(phosphatidylinositol
3kinase)andmicrogliainthewrithingresponseinducedbyaceticacidandphenylpbenzoquinone,andflinch
inducedbyformalininmice.Aceticacidandphenylpbenzoquinoneinducedsignificantwrithingresponseover
20min.Thenociceptiveresponseinthesemodelsweresignificantlyandinadosedependentmannerreduced
byintrathecalpretreatmentwithERK(PD98059),JNK(SB600125),p38(SB202190)orPI(3)K(wortmannin)
inhibitors.Furthermore,thecotreatmentwithMAPkinaseandPI(3)Kinhibitors,atdosesthatwereineffective
assingletreatment,significantlyinhibitedaceticacidandphenylpbenzoquinoneinducednociception.The
treatmentwithmicrogliainhibitorsminocyclineandfluorocitratealsodiminishedthenociceptiveresponse.
Similarresultswereobtainedintheformalintest.Concluding,MAPkinasesandPI(3)Kareimportantspinal
signalingkinasesinaceticacidandphenylpbenzoquinonemodelsofovertpainlikebehaviorandthereisalso
activationofspinalmicrogliaindicatingthatitisalsoimportanttodeterminewhetherdrugstestedinthese
modelsalsomodulatesuchspinalmechanisms. Abstract:PubMed
PavaodeSouzaGFetalPharmacolBiochemBehav.101(3):3208(2012).
fromHSDB
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/OTHERTOXICITYINFORMATION/Animalmodelsthatcloselyresemblethepathophysiologyofhuman
overactivebladderareimportantforevaluatingnoveltherapeuticstotreatthedisorder./Theauthors/established
anoninvasivehyperactivebladdermodelthatissensitivetoantimuscarinicdrugsandwithoutbladder
inflammation.Aceticacidsolutionwasinfusedintothebladderfor5minviatheurethralorificewithoutany
surgicalproceduresunderisofluraneanesthesia.Afterwashingthebladderwithsaline,voidingfrequency(VF)
andtotalurinevolumeweredeterminedfor9hrunderconsciousconditions.Infusionofa0.5%aceticacid
solutioncausedasignificantincreaseinVF,withoutinfluencingtotalurinevolumeorinducingsignificant
histopathologicalinflammatoryalterationsinthebladderurothelium.Oraladministrationofoxybutynin(3and10
mg/kg)significantlyamelioratedincreasesinVFinducedby0.5%aceticacid.Infusionof0.75%aceticacid
inducedintensiveurinaryinflammationandadecreaseintotalurinevolumeaswellasanincreaseinVF.Oral
treatmentwithoxybutynin(10mg/kg)didnotsignificantlyimprovetheincreasedVFdueto0.75%aceticacid.
Aceticacid(0.5%)infusionevokedbladderhyperresponsivenesswhetherappliedatnightorduringtheday.
However,VFwasincreasedmorebythenighttimeapplicationofaceticacid,whiletherewerenosignificant
differencesinbasallevelsofVFbetweendaytimeandnighttime.Inthisstudy,thenoninvasiveraturinary
hyperactivebladdermodelindicatedminimizesthesecondaryeffectsofexperimentalproceduressuchas
surgicaloperationsandanesthesiaonbladderfunctionandissensitivetooxybutynin.Thus,themodelmaybe
usefulforinvestigatingnoveltherapeuticsforOABtreatment. Abstract:PubMed
MitobeMetalJPharmacolToxicolMethods.57(3):18893(2008).
fromHSDB
12.1.15 NonHumanToxicityValues
LD50Ratoral3.53g/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Mouseiv525mg/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Rabbitdermal1060mg/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Mouseoral4960mg/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Rabbitsc1200mg/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Rabbitoral1200mg/kg
fromHSDB
LD50Ratoral3.31g/kg
fromHSDB
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LC50Ratinhalation11.4mg/L/4hr
fromHSDB
LC50Mouseinhalation5,620ppm/1hr
fromHSDB
12.1.16 EcotoxicityValues
EC50Species:Chlorococcales(GreenAlgaeOrder)Conditions:freshwater,staticConcentration:156000ug/L
for24hrEffect:physiology,assimilationefficiency/formulation/
KrebsFDtschGewaesserkdMitt35(56):161170(1991)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Availablefrom,asofJune21,
2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Crangonseptemspinosa(BayShrimp,SandShrimp)weight0.003gConditions:saltwater,
renewal,15degC,pH3.648.07Concentration:116000ug/Lfor14days(95%confidenceinterval:85900
157000ug/L)/99.7%purity/
LockeAetalAquatInvasions4(1):221236(2009)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Availablefrom,asofJune21,2014:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Crangonseptemspinosa(BayShrimp,SandShrimp)weight0.003gConditions:saltwater,
static,15degC,pH2.267.96Concentration:158000ug/Lfor96hr(95%confidenceinterval:50000500000
ug/L)/99.7%purity/
LockeAetalAquatInvasions4(1):221236(2009)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Availablefrom,asofJune21,2014:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
fromHSDB
EC50Species:Daphniamagna(Waterflea)Conditions:staticbioassay,neutralizedtopH8.0and20degC
Concentration:6,000mg/Lfor24hrEffect:immobilization
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Daphniamagna(Waterflea)Conditions:freshwater,static,2125degCConcentration:47000
ug/Lfor24hr/formulation/
DowdenBF,BennettHJJWaterPollutControlFed37(9):13081316(1965)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Available
from,asofJune21,2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Daphniamagna(Waterflea)Conditions:freshwater,static,2125degCConcentration:426000
ug/Lfor100hr
DowdenBF,BennettHJJWaterPollutControlFed37(9):13081316(1965)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Available
from,asofJune21,2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oreochromismossambicus(MozambiqueTilapia)adultmale/female,weight11.83g
Conditions:freshwater,renewal,pH7.21Concentration:272870ug/Lfor96hr(95%confidenceinterval:
268990276750ug/L)/99%purity/
SahaNCetalHumEcolRiskAssess12(1):192202(2006)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Availablefrom,asofJune
21,2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm
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fromHSDB
LC50Species:Pimephalespromelas(Fatheadminnow)Conditions:staticbioassayinLakeSuperiorwaterat
1822degCConcentration:>315mg/Lfor1hr
Verschueren,K.HandbookofEnvironmentalDataonOrganicChemicals.Volumes12.4thed.JohnWiley&Sons.New
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
1822degCConcentration:122mg/Lfor24hr
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Pimephalespromelas(Fatheadminnow)Conditions:staticbioassayinreconstitutedwaterat
1822degC,pH</=5.9Concentration:175mg/Lfor1hr
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
York,NY.2001,p.104
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York,NY.2001,p.104
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Lepomismacrochirus(Bluegillsunfish)Conditions:staticConcentration:75mg/Lfor96hr
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchuskisutch(SilverSalmon)weight10gConditions:freshwater,static,13degC,pH
7.39,dissolvedoxygen>or=5mg/LConcentration:338000ug/Lfor96hr/100%purity/
TaylorPW,GlennRANAmJAquacult70(2):175183(2008)ascitedintheECOTOXdatabase.Availablefrom,asofJune
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchuskisutch(SilverSalmon)weight2.0gConditions:freshwater,static,13degC,pH
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchusmykiss(Rainbowtrout)weight10.0gConditions:freshwater,static,13degC,
pH7.39,dissolvedoxygen>or=5mg/LConcentration:303000ug/Lfor96hr/100%purity/
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchusmykiss(Rainbowtrout)weight2.0gConditions:freshwater,static,13degC,pH
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchustshawytscha(ChinookSalmon)weight10.0gConditions:freshwater,static,13
degC,pH7.39,dissolvedoxygen>or=5mg/LConcentration:230000ug/Lfor96hr/100%purity/
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Oncorhynchustshawytscha(ChinookSalmon)weight2.0gConditions:freshwater,static,13
degC,pH7.39,dissolvedoxygen>or=5mg/LConcentration:474000ug/Lfor96hr/100%purity/
fromHSDB
LC50Species:Gambusiaaffinis(Mosquitofish)Conditions:staticbioassaymaintainedatpH6.98.7and16
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12.2 EcologicalInformation
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12.2.1 ICSCEnvironmentalData
Thesubstanceisharmfultoaquaticorganisms.
fromILOICSC
12.2.2 EnvironmentalFate/ExposureSummary
Aceticacid'sproductionanduseintheinthemanufactureofvariousacetatesandotherchemicals,food
preservation,textiledyeing,andasapharmaceuticalaidmayresultinitsreleasetotheenvironmentthrough
variouswastestreams.Itsuseinhydrofrackingoperationswillresultinitsdirectreleasetotheenvironment.
Atmosphericemissionsoccurfromcombustionofbiomass,plasticsandrefuseandinexhaustfromgasolineand
dieselengines.Aceticacidisanaturalproductoffermentationandwidelyusedintheformofcommonvinegar.
Aceticacidoccursinoceanwater,oilfieldbrines,rain,andattraceconcentrationsinmanyplantandanimal
liquids.Formationofaceticacidcanoccurviathereactionofolefinswithozoneintheatmosphere.
Decompositionofsolidbiologicalwastesproducesaceticacidwhichisreadilymetabolizedbylivingorganisms
aceticacidoccursasanormalmetaboliteinbothplantsandanimals.Ifreleasedtoair,avaporpressureof15.7
mmHgat25degCindicatesaceticacidwillexistsolelyasavaporintheambientatmosphere.Thepure
compoundisasolidbelow68degF.Vaporphaseaceticacidwillbedegradedintheatmospherebyreaction
withphotochemicallyproducedhydroxylradicalsthehalflifeforthisreactioninairisestimatedtobe22days.
Particulatephaseaceticacidwillberemovedfromtheatmospherebywetanddrydeposition.Aceticaciddoes
notabsorblightwithwavelengths>290nm,andisnotexpectedtobesusceptibletodirectphotolysisby
sunlight.Aceticacidoccursinrainwater,cloudwaterandfogandcanberemovedfromtheatmospherebywet
deposition.Ifreleasedtosoil,aceticacidisexpectedtohaveveryhighmobilitybaseduponaKocvalueof1.0.
ThepKaofaceticacidis4.76,indicatingthatthiscompoundwillexistpartiallyinanionformintheenvironment
andanionsgenerallydonotadsorbmorestronglytosoilscontainingorganiccarbonandclaythantheirneutral
counterparts.Volatilizationfrommoistsoilsurfacesisnotexpectedtobeanimportantfateprocessbasedupon
aHenry'sLawconstantof1.43X107atmcum/mole.Aceticacidisexpectedtovolatilizefromdrysoilsurfaces
baseduponitsvaporpressure.UsingamodifiedOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment
(OECD)protocol,75%degradationwasreportedin14daysusinggardensoilasaninoculum,indicatingthat
biodegradationisanimportantenvironmentalfateprocessinsoil.Avarietyofbiologicalscreeningstudieshave
determinedthataceticacidbiodegradesreadilyunderanaerobicconditions.Ifreleasedintowater,aceticacidis
notexpectedtoadsorbtosuspendedsolidsandsedimentbasedupontheKocvalue.UtilizingtheJapaneseMIT
test,a74%oftheoreticalBODin2weeksusingactivatedsludgeindicatesthatbiodegradationisanimportant
environmentalfateprocessinwater.Volatilizationfromwatersurfacesisnotexpectedtobeanimportantfate
processbaseduponthiscompound'sHenry'sLawconstant.AnestimatedBCFof3suggeststhepotentialfor
bioconcentrationinaquaticorganismsislow.Hydrolysisisnotexpectedtobeanimportantenvironmentalfate
processsincethiscompoundlacksfunctionalgroupsthathydrolyzeunderenvironmentalconditions.
Occupationalexposuretoaceticacidmayoccurthroughinhalationanddermalcontactwiththiscompoundat
workplaceswhereaceticacidisproducedorused.Aceticacidoccursubiquitouslyandisanormalmetabolitein
animalstherefore,thegeneralpopulationiscontinuallyexposedtothecompound.Monitoringdataindicatethat
thegeneralpopulationmaybeexposedtoaceticacidviainhalationofambientair,ingestionoffood,anddermal
contactwithconsumerproductscontainingaceticacid.(SRC)
fromHSDB
12.2.3 NaturalOccurringSources
Aceticacidwasreportedasareactionproductfromthebiodegradationofpetroleumcompoundsin
groundwater(1).Formationofaceticacidcanoccurviathereactionofolefinswithozoneintheatmosphere(2).
Decompositionofsolidbiologicalwastesproducesaceticacidwhichisreadilymetabolizedbyliving
organisms(3)aceticacidoccursasanormalmetaboliteinbothplantsandanimals(3).Itoccursinvarious
vegetation(4).Aceticacidwasoneofthecompoundsidentifiedinthevolatileemissionsamplesfromvarious
plantspeciessampledintheUS(5).
(1)CozzarelliIMetalGeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa58:86377(1994)(2)GrosjeanDAtmosEnviron26A:327986
(1992)(3)AbramsEFetalIdentificationofOrganicCompoundsinEffluentsfromIndustrialSources.USEPA560/375002
p.3(1975)(4)GraedelTEetalAtmosphericChemicalCompounds.Sources,OccurrenceandBioassay.Orlando,FL:
AcademicPressp.345(1986)(5)HelmigDetalChemosphere38:216387(1999)
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Aceticacidisfoundinoceanwater,oilfieldbrines,rain,andattraceconcentrationsinmanyplantandanimal
liquids.Itiscentraltoallbiologicalenergypathways.Fermentationoffruitandvegetablejuicesyields212%
aceticacidsolutions,usuallycalledvinegar.Anysugarcontainingsaporjuicecanbetransformedtodilute
aceticacidbybacterialorfungalprocesses(1).Aceticacidhasbeendetectedinvariousplantsincludinggum
tragacanth,cacao,flax,linseed,purgingcroton,grapes,grapevine,merrillflowers,ginseng,licorice,parsley,
cilantro,coriandor,myrtle,blueberryandpineapple(2).
(1)WagnerFSAceticAcid.KirkOthmerEncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992014).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&
Sons.OnlinePostingDate:Apr29,2014(2)USDADr.Duke'sPhytochemicalandEthnobotanicalDatabases.Plantswitha
chosenchemical.Aceticacid.Washington,DC:USDeptAgric,AgricResService.Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:
http://www.arsgrin.gov/duke/
fromHSDB
12.2.4 ArtificialSources
Aceticacid'sproductionanduseinthemanufactureofvariousacetates,acetylcompounds,celluloseacetate,
acetaterayon,plasticsandrubberintanningaslaundrysourprintingcalicoanddyeingsilkasacidulantand
preservativeinfoodssolventforgums,resins,volatileoilsandmanyothersubstances,wideuseincommercial
organicsyntheses,aqueousandnonaqueousacidbasetitrations,tracemetalanalysis,andasapharmaceutic
aid(acidifier)(1)mayresultinitsreleasetotheenvironmentthroughvariouswastestreams(SRC).Itsusein
hydrofrackingoperations(2)willresultinitsdirectreleasetotheenvironment(SRC).Atmosphericemissions
occurfromcombustionofbiomass,plasticsandrefuseandinexhaustfromgasolineanddieselengines(36).
(1)O'NeilMJ,edTheMerckIndex.15thed.,Cambridge,UK:RoyalSocietyofChemistry,pp.11(2013)(2)FracFocus
ChemicalDisclosureRegistry,HydraulicFracturing,HowitWorksWhatChemicalsareUsed.Availablefrom,asofJune13,
2014:http://fracfocus.org/chemicaluse/whatchemicalsareused(3)AbramsEFetalIdentificationofOrganicCompounds
inEffluentsfromIndustrialSources.USEPA560/375002p.3(1975)(4)GraedelTEetalAtmosphericChemical
Compounds.Sources,OccurrenceandBioassay.Orlando,FL:AcademicPressp.345(1986)(5)KawamuraKetalEnviron
SciTechnol19:10826(1985)(6)KawamuraKetalAtmosEnviron34:417591(2000)
fromHSDB
12.2.5 EnvironmentalFate
TERRESTRIALFATE:Basedonaclassificationscheme(1),anexperimentallyderivedKocvalueof1.0(2,3),
indicatesthataceticacidisexpectedtohaveveryhighmobilityinsoil(SRC).Nodetectablesorptionwas
measuredforaceticacidusingtheOECDGuideline106methodinthreedifferentsoils(4).ThepKaofacetic
acidis4.76(5),indicatingthatthiscompoundwillexistpredominantlyinanionformintheenvironmentand
anionsgenerallydonotadsorbmorestronglytosoilscontainingorganiccarbonandclaythantheirneutral
counterparts(6).Volatilizationofaceticacidfrommoistsoilsurfacesisnotexpectedtobeanimportantfate
process(SRC)givenaHenry'sLawconstantof1.43X107atmcum/mole(7).Aceticacidisexpectedtovolatilize
fromdrysoilsurfaces(SRC)baseduponavaporpressureof15.7mmHgat25degC(8).Usingamodified
OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)protocol,75%degradationwasreportedin14
daysusinggardensoilasaninoculum(9),indicatingthatbiodegradationisanimportantenvironmentalfate
processinsoil(SRC).
(1)SwannRLetalResRev85:1728(1983)(2)SchuurmannGetalEnvironSciTechnol40:70057011(Supplemental
material)(2006)(3)MeylanWMetalEnvironSciTechnol26:15607(1992)(4)VonOepenBetalChemosphere22:285
304(1991)(5)SerjeantEP,DempseyBIonisationConstantsofOrganicAcidsinAqueousSolution.IUPACChemicalData
SeriesNo.23.NewYork,NY:PergamonPress,p.989(1979)(6)DoucetteWJpp.141188inHandbookofProperty
EstimationMethodsforChemicals.BoethlingRS,MackayD,eds.BocaRaton,FL:LewisPubl(2000)(7)JohnsonBJetalJ
AtmosChem24:113119(1996)(8)DaubertTE,DannerRPPhysicalandThermodynamicPropertiesofPureChemicals:
DataCompilation.DesignInstPhysPropData,AmerInstChemEng.NewYork,NY:HemispherePubCorp(1989)(9)Kool
HJChemosphere13:75161(1984)
fromHSDB
AQUATICFATE:Basedonaclassificationscheme(1),aKocvalueof1.0(2,3),indicatesthataceticacidisnot
expectedtoadsorbtosuspendedsolidsandsediment(SRC).Volatilizationfromwatersurfacesisnot
expected(4)baseduponaHenry'sLawconstantof1.43X107atmcum/mole(5).ThepKaofaceticacidis
4.76(6),indicatingthatthiscompoundwillexistpredominantlyinanionformatanenvironmentalpHrangeof5
9.Accordingtoaclassificationscheme(7),anestimatedBCFof3(SRC),fromitslogKowof0.71(8)anda
regressionderivedequation(9),suggeststhepotentialforbioconcentrationinaquaticorganismsislow(SRC).
Hydrolysisisnotexpectedtobeanimportantenvironmentalfateprocess(SRC)sincethiscompoundlacks
functionalgroupsthathydrolyzeunderenvironmentalconditions(4).UtilizingtheJapaneseMITItest,a74%of
theoreticalBODin2weeksusingactivatedsludge(10)indicatesthatbiodegradationisanimportant
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environmenalfateprocessinwater(SRC).
(1)SwannRLetalResRev85:1728(1983)(2)SchuurmannGetalEnvironSciTechnol40:70057011(Supplemental
material)(2006)(3)MeylanWMetalEnvironSciTechnol26:15607(1992)(4)LymanWJetalHandbookofChemical
PropertyEstimationMethods.Washington,DC:AmerChemSocpp.74,75,151to1529(1990)(5)JohnsonBJetalJ
AtmosChem24:113119(1996)(6)SerjeantEP,DempseyBIonisationConstantsofOrganicAcidsinAqueousSolution.
IUPACChemicalDataSeriesNo.23.NewYork,NY:PergamonPress,p.989(1979)(7)FrankeCetalChemosphere29:
150114(1994)(8)HanschCetalExploringQSAR.Hydrophobic,Electronic,andStericConstants.ACSProfRefBook.
HellerSR,consult.ed.,Washington,DC:AmerChemSocp.4(1995)(9)USEPAEstimationProgramInterface(EPI)Suite.
Ver.4.11.Nov,2012.Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm(10)NITE
ChemicalRiskInformationPlatform(CHRIP).BiodegradationandBioconcentration.Tokyo,Japan:NatlInstTechEval.
Availablefrom,asofMay28,2014:http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html
fromHSDB
ATMOSPHERICFATE:Accordingtoamodelofgas/particlepartitioningofsemivolatileorganiccompoundsin
theatmosphere(1),aceticacid,whichhasavaporpressureof15.7mmHgat25degC(2),isexpectedtoexist
solelyasavaporintheambientatmosphere.Thepurecompoundisasolidbelow68degF(3).Particulate
phaseaceticacidwillberemovedfromtheatmospherebywetanddrydeposition.Vaporphaseaceticacidis
degradedintheatmospherebyreactionwithphotochemicallyproducedhydroxylradicals(SRC)thehalflifefor
thisreactioninairisestimatedtobe22days(SRC),calculatedfromitsmeasuredrateconstantof7.4X1013cu
cm/moleculesecat25degC(4).Particulatephaseaceticacidwillberemovedfromtheatmospherebywetand
drydeposition.Aceticaciddoesnotabsorblightwithwavelengths>290nm(5)and,therefore,isnotexpectedto
besusceptibletodirectphotolysisbysunlight(SRC).Aceticacidoccursinrainwater,cloudwaterandfog(68)
andcanberemovedfromtheatmospherebywetdeposition(SRC).
(1)BidlemanTFEnvironSciTechnol22:361367(1988)(2)DaubertTE,DannerRPPhysicalandThermodynamic
PropertiesofPureChemicalsDataCompilation.Washington,DC:TaylorandFrancis(1989)(3)NIOSH.NIOSHPocket
GuidetoChemicalHazards.DepartmentofHealth&HumanServices,CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention.National
InstituteforOccupationalSafety&Health.DHHS(NIOSH)PublicationNo.2010168(2010).Availablefrom:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg(4)AtkinsonRJPhysChemRefData.MonographNo.1(1989)(5)LideDR,GWAMilne,eds
HandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.3rded.BocaRaton,FL:CRCPress,Inc.1:93(1994)(6)WilleyJDetalAtmos
Environ45:10101014(2011)(7)KeeneWCetalJGeophysRes100:934557(1995)(8)MuirPSJAirWasteManage41:
3238(1991)
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12.2.6 Biodegredation
Biologicaloxygendemandafter10daysat20degCis:82%biologicaloxidationinfreshwaterand88%
biologicaloxidationinseawater
Verschueren,K.HandbookofEnvironmentalDataofOrganicChemicals.2nded.NewYork,NY:VanNostrandReinholdCo.,
1983.,p.144
fromHSDB
AEROBIC:Inaclosedbottletest,aceticacid(2ppm)achieved5199%ofitstheoreticalBiochemicalOxygen
Demand(BOD)after530days(1).Ina30dayWarburgrespirometertest,aceticacidachieved60%ofits
theoreticalBODusingacclimatedsewageseed(2).Aceticacidwasfoundtodegrade>90%after3daysina
ZahnWellenstestusinganactivatedsludgeinoculum(3).Ina5dayFrenchAssociationforStandardization
(AFNOR)T90/103test,aceticacidachieved36%ofitstheoreticalBODusingmicrobesfrom3pollutedsurface
waters(4).Aceticacidreachedanaverage5daytheoreticalBODof57.7%usingstandarddilutionBOD
water(5).Inwaterdieawaytests,aceticacidwasfoundtodegrade12.3%perhrinestuarinewater,1.0%perhr
inBelgiancoastalwater,and0.06%perhrinopenseawater(6).Infivedays,theBODconsumedwas76%and
66%oftheoreticalusingasewageinoculumandfreshwaterandsyntheticseawater,respectively(7).Usingbatch
aerationinsewage,aceticaciddegraded99.5%in24hr(8).InaWarburgrespirometertest,40%ofits
theoreticalBODwasachievedforaceticacidafter24hoursusingactivatedsludgeinoculum(9).Aceticacid,
presentat100mg/L,reached74%ofitstheoreticalBODin2weeksusinganactivatedsludgeinoculumat30
mg/LintheJapaneseMITItest(10).Alaboratorysoildegradationhalflifeof2dayswasmeasuredintwosoils
collectedfromnortheasternPoland(11).
(1)FischerWKetalWasserUndAbwasserForschung7:99118(1974)(2)HelfgottTBetalAnIndexofRefractory
Organics.USEPA600/277174(1977)(3)ZahnR,WellensHZWasserAbwasserForsch13:17(1980)(4)DoreMetal
TribCebedeau28:311(1975)(5)HeukelekianH,RandMCJWaterPollutControlAssoc29:104053(1955)(6)BillenGet
alEstuarineCoastalMarineSci11:27994(1980)(7)PriceKSetalJWaterPollutControlFed46:6377(1974)(8)Placak
OR,RuchhoftCCSewageWorksJ19:42340(1947)(9)MalaneyGW,GerholdRMJWaterPollutControlFed41:R18
R33(1963)(10)NITEChemicalRiskInformationPlatform(CHRIP).BiodegradationandBioconcentration.Tokyo,Japan:
NatlInstTechEval.Availablefrom,asofMay28,2014:http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html(11)NowackG,NowackJ
PlantandSoil122:6777(1990)
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AEROBIC:Ina5dayWarburgrespirometertestusingsewageinoculum,aceticacidlost77%ofitstheoretical
BOD(1).NearlycompletelossofBODforaceticacidwasobservedafter6hraerationwithsettled,acclimated
domesticsewageinocula(2).Aceticacid(4ppm)reached81.3and77.6%ofitstheoreticalBODafter5days
usingastandarddilutionmethodandaseawaterdilutionmethod,respectively(3).Ina10dayelectrolytic
respirometertest,aceticacidreached87%ofitstheoreticalBOD(4).UsingamodifiedOrganizationofEconomic
CooperationandDevelopment(OECD)protocol,75and>90%degradationofaceticacidwasobservedafter14
daysusinggardensoilandsedimentfromtheRhineRiverasinoculum,respectively(5).
(1)DiasFF,AlexanderMApplMicrobial22:11148(1971)(2)HatfieldRIndEngChem49:1926(1957)(3)TakemotoSet
alSuishitsuOdakuKenkyu4:8090(1981)(4)UranoK,KatoZJHazardousMater13:14759(1986)(5)KoolHJ
Chemosphere13:75161(1984)
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ANAEROBIC:Inabiofilmcolumnstudy,95%removalofaceticacidunderaerobicconditions,and99%removal
undermethanogenicconditionswasobserved(1).
(1)BouwerEJ,McCartyPLGroundWater22:43340(1984)
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12.2.7 AbioticDegredation
Therateconstantforthevaporphasereactionofaceticacidwithphotochemicallyproducedhydroxylradicals
hasbeenmeasuredas7.40X1013cucm/moleculesecat25degC(1).Thiscorrespondstoanatmospheric
halflifeofabout22daysatanatmosphericconcentrationof5X10+5hydroxylradicalspercucm(2).Aceticacid
isnotexpectedtoundergohydrolysisintheenvironmentduetothelackoffunctionalgroupsthathydrolyze
underenvironmentalconditions(3).Aceticaciddoesnotabsorblightwithwavelengths>290nm(4)and,
therefore,isnotexpectedtobesusceptibletodirectphotolysisbysunlight(SRC).
(1)AtkinsonRJPhysChemRefData.MonographNo.1(1989)(2)USEPAEstimationProgramInterface(EPI)Suite.Ver.
4.11.Nov,2012.Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm(3)LymanWJet
alHandbookofChemicalPropertyEstimationMethods.Washington,DC:AmerChemSocpp.74,75(1990)(4)LideDR,
GWAMilne,edsHandbookofDataonOrganicCompounds.3rded.BocaRaton,FL:CRCPress,Inc.1:93(1994)
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12.2.8 Bioconcentration
AnestimatedBCFof3wascalculatedinfishforaceticacid(SRC),usingalogKowof0.17(1)andaregression
derivedequation(2).Accordingtoaclassificationscheme(3),thisBCFsuggeststhepotentialfor
bioconcentrationinaquaticorganismsislow(SRC).
(1)HanschCetalExploringQSAR.Hydrophobic,Electronic,andStericConstants.ACSProfRefBook.HellerSR,consult.
ed.,Washington,DC:AmerChemSocp.4(1995)(2)USEPAEstimationProgramInterface(EPI)Suite.Ver.4.11.Nov,
2012.Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuitedl.htm(3)FrankeCetal
Chemosphere29:150114(1994)
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Aceticacidshowsnopotentialforbiologicalaccumulationorfoodchaincontamination.
EnvironmentCanadaTechInfoforProblemSpills:AceticAcid(Draft)p.1(1981)
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12.2.9 SoilAdsorption/Mobility
AlogKocof0.00(Koc=1),whichwasderivedfromexperimentalmeasurements,hasbeenreportedforacetic
acid(1,2).Accordingtoaclassificationscheme(3),thisKocvaluesuggeststhataceticacidisexpectedtohave
veryhighmobilityinsoil.NodetectablesorptionwasmeasuredforaceticacidusingtheOECDGuideline106
methodemployinganacidicforestsoil,pH2.8,anagriculturalsoil,pH6.7,andalakesediment,pH7.1(4).
Adsorptionofaceticacidto3nearshoremarinesedimentscollectedfromthreedifferentlocationsresultedinKd
valuesof0.65(Koc=228),0.085(Koc=6.5)and0.046(Koc=27)usingclasticmud(3.5%organiccarbon,pH
7.0),muddysand(1.3%organiccarbon,pH7.7),andcarbonatesand(0.17%organiccarbon,pH8.1),
respectively(5).ThepKaofaceticacidis4.76(6),indicatingthatthiscompoundwillexistpartiallyinanionform
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intheenvironmentandanionsgenerallydonotadsorbmorestronglytosoilscontainingorganiccarbonandclay
thantheirneutralcounterparts(7).
(1)SchuurmannGetalEnvironSciTechnol40:70057011(Supplementalmaterial)(2006)(2)MeylanWMetalEnviron
SciTechnol26:15607(1992)(3)SwannRLetalResRev85:1728(1983)(4)VonOepenBetalChemosphere22:285
304(1991)(5)SansoneJFetalGeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa51:18891896(1987)(6)SerjeantEP,DempseyB
IonisationConstantsofOrganicAcidsinAqueousSolution.IUPACChemicalDataSeriesNo.23.NewYork,NY:Pergamon
Press,p.989(1979)(7)DoucetteWJpp.141188inHandbookofPropertyEstimationMethodsforChemicals.Boethling
RS,MackayD,eds.BocaRaton,FL:LewisPubl(2000)
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In24hraqueousadsorptionstudiesusingmontmorilloniteandkaoliniteclayadsorbents,2.430.4%ofadded
aceticacidwasobservedtobeintheadsorbedphase(1).Inadsorptionstudiesusingtheadsorbent
hydroxyapatite(amineralwhichoccursintheenvironmentasaresultofthediagenesisofskeletalapatite),only
5%ofaddedaceticacid(inaqueoussolution,pH8.0)becameadsorbedtothehydroxyapatite(2).Aceticacid
hasbeennotedtoleachfrombiologicaldisposalareas(3).
(1)HemphillL,SwansonWSProcofthe18thIndustrialWasteConf,EngBullPurdueUniv,LafayetteIN18:20417(1964)
(2)GordonAS,MilleroFJMicrobEcol11:28998(1985)(3)AbramsEFetalIdentificationofOrganicCompoundsin
EffluentsfromIndustrialSources.USEPA560/375002p.3(1975)
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12.2.10 VolatilizationfromWater/Soil
TheHenry'sLawconstantforaceticacidhasbeenexperimentallydeterminedtobe1.43X107atmcum/mole
at25degC(1).ThisHenry'sLawconstantindicatesthataceticacidisexpectedtobeessentiallynonvolatile
fromwatersurfaces(2).Aceticacid'sHenry'sLawconstantindicatesthatvolatilizationfrommoistsoilsurfacesis
notexpectedtobeanimportantfateprocess(SRC).Aceticacidisexpectedtovolatilizefromdrysoil
surfaces(SRC)baseduponavaporpressureof15.7mmHgat25degC(3).
(1)JohnsonBJetalJAtmosChem24:113119(1996)(2)LymanWJetalHandbookofChemicalPropertyEstimation
Methods.Washington,DC:AmerChemSocpp.151to1529(1990)(3)DaubertTE,DannerRPPhysicaland
ThermodynamicPropertiesofPureChemicals:DataCompilation.DesignInstPhysPropData,AmerInstChemEng.New
York,NY:HemispherePubCorp(1989)
fromHSDB
12.2.11 WaterConcentrations
GROUNDWATER:AceticacidwasqualitativelydetectedingroundwaterfromalandfillwellinNorman,OKin
1972(1).Aceticacidlevelsof0.664.60ppmwereidentifiedingroundwaterbelowaclosedwoodtreatment
facilityinPensacola,FLin1984(2).Aceticacidwasqualitativelyidentifiedingroundwaterassociatedwithan
Australianquarrywheredumpingoforganicwasteshadoccurred(3).Aceticacidwasmeasuredinthe
groundwaterdowngradientoftheBemidjioilspillin1990atconcentrationsfrom1.47to12.5uM(4).Aceticacid
wasreportedingroundwaterataconcentrationof43ug/LinashallowcoastalplainaquifernearAtlanticCity,
NJin1990(5).Aceticacidatconcentrationsfrom3.52to67.1mg/Lwasmeasuredingroundwaterfromthe
Pensacola,FLaquiferwhichhadbeencontaminatedwithwoodpreservingchemicals(6).
(1)DunlapWJetalOrganicPollutantsContributedtoGroundWaterbyaLandfill.USEPA600/076004p.106(1976)(2)
GoerlitzDFetalEnvironSciTechnol19:95561(1985)(3)StepanSetalAustralWaterResourcesCouncilConfSer1:
41524(1981)(4)CozzarelliIMetalGeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa58:86377(1994)(5)CozzarelliIMetalEnviron
SciTechnol29:45869(1995)(6)GoerlitzDFinEnvironSciPolutControlSer4(GroundwaterContaminationandAnalysis
atHazardousWasteSites):295355(1992)
fromHSDB
SURFACEWATER:Aceticacidwasdetectedatconcentrationsof12198ppbintheScheldtestuaryinBelgium
during19778(1).Aceticacidconcentrationsof75300ppbwerefoundatvariousdepthsofLakeKizakiin
Japan(2).Aceticacidconcentrationsof1372,612,and25ppbweredetectedinOhio,LittleMiami,andTannes
Rivers,respectively(3).Concentrationsofaceticacidgenerallybelow0.1ppbweremonitoredintheLeeRiverin
GreatBritain(4).
(1)BillenGetalEstuarineCoastalMarineSci11:27994(1980)(2)HamaT,HandaNJapJLimnol42:819(1981)(3)
MurtaughJJ,BunchRLJWaterPollutControlFed37:4105(1965)(4)WaggotAChemWaterReuse2:559(1981)
fromHSDB
SEAWATER:Aceticacidwasdetectedatconcentrationsof2.4144ppbneartheBelgiancoastand12240ppb
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nearCalaisontheEnglishChannelduring19778monitoring(1).
(1)BillenGetalEstuarineCoastalMarineSci11:27994(1980)
fromHSDB
RAIN/SNOW:RainwatercollectedinWilmington,NCbetween1987and1990containedaceticacidat
concentrationsof1.3to8.4uMconcentrationswerehighlycorrelatedwithhydrogenion,nitrate,andnonsea
saltsulfate(1).Higherconcentrationswerereportedforlocalthunderstormsandwerelowestinmaritimestorm
rain(1).RainwatercollectedbyeventduringJanuarytoMarch1985atBrookhavenNationalLaboratory,NY,
containedaceticacidatconcentrationsfrom0.1to0.4ppmsnowcontainedaceticacidatconcentrationsfrom
tracequantitiesto0.3ppm(2).Rainwaterandsnowcollectedatdifferentlocations,bothurbanandnonurban,in
southernCaliforniafrom1982to1984containedaceticacidat0.37to13.45uM(3).Aceticacidwasmeasured
incloudwaterobtainedataforestedridgetopincentralVirginia,September1990,at2.8to7.4uM(4).
FogwaterobtainedfromCorvallis,ORin1989containedaceticacidatconcentrationsfrom8.3to233.1uM(5).
AceticacidwasmeasuredinbothdewandfogfromAltosdePipe,Venezualaatconcentrationsfrom4.9
15.2uMand4.312.7uM,respectively(6).RainwatercollectedinWilmington,NCbetweenJan2008andMarch
2009containedvolumeweightedaceticconcentrationsof2.6uM(7).
(1)AveryGBJretalEnvironSciTechnol25:187580(1991)(2)HoffmanWAJr,TannerRLDetectionofOrganicAcidsin
AtmosphericPrecipitation.BNL51922(NTISDE86005294).BrookhavenNationalLaboratory.EnvironChemDivDeptAppl
Sci.(1986)(3)KawamuraKetalAtmosEnviron30:103552(1996)(4)KeeneWCetalJGeophysRes100:934557
(1995)(5)MuirPSJAirWasteManage41:3238(1991)(6)SanhuezaEetalAtmosEnviron26A:142126(1992)(7)
WilleyJDetalAtmosEnviron45:10101014(2011)
fromHSDB
12.2.12 EffluentsConcentrations
Aceticacidwasqualitativelydetectedinwastewatereffluentsfrompubliclyownedtreatmentworks(POTW)in
DecaturandBensenville,IL(1).Aceticacidconcentrationsof125ppmwereidentifiedinwastewatersfroma
coalgasificationfacilityinNorthDakota(2).WastewaterfromashaleoilprocessinAustraliacontained140ppm
aceticacid(3).AceticacidwasdetectedinleachatefromasanitarylandfillinBarcelona,Spain(4).Aceticacid
hasreportedlybeendetectedinwastewatereffluentsfromchemical,resin,andpapermanufacturingplants,
fromvariouslandfillleachates,andfromsewagetreatmentfacilities(5,10).Aceticacidisreleasedtowater
duringmanufactureofdimethylterephthalateandacetaldehyde,andtoairduringtheproductionofacrylicacid
andacrylicester(6).Aceticacidwasemittedatameanconcentrationof0.22mg/sqm/hrfromparticleboard
withattachedcarpetusingatestchambermethod(7).Usingalargescaleenvironmentalchamber,aceticacid
wasidentifiedintheemissionfromacarpetwithaPVCbacking(8).Aceticacidwasidentifiedintheemissions
fromrubberizedjutecushionsatunreportedconcentrations(9).Aceticacidwasidentifiedasoneofthe
predominatecompoundsemittedbyaplywoodspecimentheemissionrateat72hourswas340ug/mhr(11).
Aceticacidconcentrationsingasolineanddieselexhaustsfrom5differentautomobilesrangedfrom9.5761.5
ppb/volintheparticulatephaseandfrom16.3262ppb/volinthegaseousphase(12).Aceticacidwasfoundin
thevolatileorganiccompoundemissionsfromvariousfurniturecoatings(13).Emissionofaceticacidduring
extrusionofpolyethyleneresinswasmeasuredas<0.17lbs/millionlbsforblownfilmandblowmoldingand
rangedfrom<0.17to2.0lbs/millionlbsforextrusioncoating(highervalueforextrusionathighermelt
temperature)(14).Gasolineengineexhaustfroma1982ToyotaCorollacontained31.81ppbaceticacid(15).
(1)EllisDDetalArchEnvironContamToxicol11:37382(1982)(2)GiabbaiMFetalInternJEnvironAnalChem20:113
29(1985)(3)DobisonKRetalWaterRes19:84956(1985)(4)AlbaigesJetalWaterRes20:11539(1986)(5)
ShackelfordWM,KeithLMFrequencyofOrganicCompoundsIdentifiedinWater.USEPA600/476062p.478(1976)(6)
CarpenterCEetalToxicSubstancesJ10:32371(1990)(7)ColomboAetalSciTotalEnviron91:23749(1990)(8)
HodgsonATetalJAirWasteManageAssoc43:31624(1993)(9)SchaefferVHetalJAir&WasteManageAssoc46:
81320(1996)(10)YanCT,JenJFAnalyticaChimicaActa259:25964(1992)(11)HodgsonATetalIndoorAir10:17892
(2000)(12)KawamuraKetalAtmosEnviron34:417591(2000)(13)SalthammerTIndoorAir7:18997(1997)(14)Barlow
AetalJAir&WasteManageAssoc46:56980(1996)(15)KawamuraKetalEnvironSciTechnol19:10826(1985)
fromHSDB
Aceticacidwasemittedfromburningpolyethyleneasanoxidativedegradationproduct(1).Aceticacidwasfound
inoilshalegascondensateretortwaterandinprocessretortwaterat3.4mg/Land1188mg/L,respectively(2).
Aceticacidwasidentifiedinthestackemissionduringwasteincineration(3).Aceticacidconcentrationswere
measuredinsmokecondensatesofPonderosapinewood(4.4g/kgsmoldering0.34g/kgflaming),needles(7.6
g/kgsmoldering),bark(5.4g/kgsmoldering3.3g/kgselfsubstainedsmoldering),litter(2.4g/kgsmoldering1.3
g/kgselfsubstainedsmoldering),duff(0.85g/kgsmoldering0.66g/kgselfsubstainedsmoldering),andhumus
(0.19g/kgsmoldering)(4).Aceticacidwasmeasuredinactivecompostblowerexhaustat2574ug/cumfroma
wastewatertreatmentsludge/woodchipcompostpile(5).Aceticacid(concentrationsnotreported)wasa
componentofvolatileorganicscollectedfromgardenwasteexudate,andinlaboratorystudiesintheheadspace
ofwastematerial(6).
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(1)HodgkinJHetalJMacromolSciChemA17:3544(1982)(2)LeenheerJAetalEnvironSciTechnol16:71423(1982)
(3)JunkGA,FordCSChemosphere9:187230(1980)(4)McKenzieLMetalEnvironSciTechnol29:204754(1995)(5)
VanDurmeGPetalWaterEnvironRes64:1927(1992)(6)WilkinsK,LarsenKChemosphere32:20492055(1996)
fromHSDB
12.2.13 Sediment/SoilConcentrations
SEDIMENT:Aceticacidconcentrationsof17.348.5mmol/kgwetmudweredetectedinbottomsedimentsof
LakeBiwainJapanhowever,noaceticacidwasfoundintheinterstitialwater(1).Concentrationsof0.1331.836
mg/g(drywt)weredetectedinsedimentsfromLochEilinScotland.Waterremovedfromsedimentscontained
levelsof0.2440.251mg/mL(2).
(1)MaedaH,KawaiABullJapanSocSciFisheries52:12058(1986)(2)MillerDetalMarineBiology50:37583(1979)
fromHSDB
12.2.14 AtmosphericConcentrations
URBAN/SUBURBAN:MeanatmosphericconcentrationsinLosAngeles,CAbetweenJulyandSept1984were
0.2623.90ppb(1).Levelsof16ppbwerereportedforambientairinTucson,AZ(1).Aceticacidconcentrations
(ppb)fromasourcedominatedcoastalsiteandasmogreceptorinlandsiterangedfrom1.93.5(summer)and
4.59.4(fall),and2.55.1(summer),respectively(2).AirsamplescollectedfromthePomonaCollegecampus,
Claremont,CAinSeptember1985,containedaceticacidatconcentrationsfrom2.5to9.5ppb(3).Aceticacid
wasreportedinairsamplescollectedfromPalmSpringsandPerris,CAgivingseasonalaveragesrangingfrom
0.42.3ppband0.6to2.2ppb,respectively(4).AirsamplescollectedfromtheCitrusCollege,Glendora,CA,a
CaliforniaSouthCoastAirBasinsmogreceptorsite,containedaceticacidwith4and8houraveraged
concentrationsfrom2to16ppb(5).
(1)KawamuraKetalEnvironSciTechnol19:10826(1985)(2)GrosjeanDACS,DivisionofEnvironChem.Preprintsof
paperspresentedatthe198thACSNatlMeet.29:21011(1989)(3)GrosjeanDAtmosEnviron22:163748(1988)(4)
GrosjeanD,WilliamsEL,IIJAirWasteManageAssoc42:8059(1992)(5)GrosjeanDEnvironSciTechnol23:150614
(1989)
fromHSDB
URBAN/SUBURBAN:ConcentrationsofaceticacidovercentralGermanyrangedfrom0.72to1.24ppbvolume
formarineinfluenceandcontinentalanticycloneweather,respectively(1).Aceticacidconcentrations,obtained
fromasemiurbansite(Schenectady,NY)overa2dayperiodin1991,rangedfrom0.60to3.4ppbvolume(2).
ConcentrationsofaceticacidinaircollectedinUniontown,PA(duringsummer1990)andBoston,MA(during
summer1991)rangedfrom044.6ppbvolume(average=9.3ppbvolume)to1.814.8ppbvolume(average=
5.4ppbvolume),respectively(3).AirsamplescollectedfromFukaya,Takasaki,andKaruizawa,Japanin1986,
containedaverageaceticacidconcentrationsof4.71,3.96,and3.48ppb,respectively,duetolongrange
transportofsmogfromthecoastalregionnearTokyo(4).
(1)HartmannWRetalAtmosEnviron23:153133(1989)(2)KhwajaHAAtmosEnviron29:12739(1995)(3)Lawrence
JE,KoutrakisPEnvironSciTechnol28:95764(1994)(4)SatsumabayashiHetalTellus41B:21929(1989)
fromHSDB
URBAN/SUBURBAN:Aceticacidwasmeasuredataconcentrationof0.43ug/cuminairborneaerosolsinthe
urbanareaofSaoPauloduringJuly1996(1).Concentrationsofaceticacidrangedfrom1.21to56.6ppb
volumeinairduringwinteratmosphericmeasurementsattwourbansitesinSaoPaulo,BrazilinAugust
1999(2).AverageurbanconcentrationsofaceticacidmeasuredduringasevereLosAngelesareaphotochemical
smogepisodeonSeptember89,1993were16.1ug/cum,comparedtoanaceticacidconcentrationof1.76
ug/cummeasuredataremotesite(3).Atomsphericconcentrationsofaceticacidinurbanparticlescollected
during19981999inKobeCitytownarea,Japanrangedfromnotdetectedto1.06ng/cum(4).Theaverage
aceticacidconcentrationinairinthecityofAlbuquerquewere6.7,1.3,and0.5ppbduringsummer1993,
winter1994,andwinter1995,respectively(5).Aceticacidconcentrationsrangedfromnotdetected(approx.
0.0005ppbvolume)to0.15andfrom0.053to1.28ppbvolumeintheparticulateandgaseousphase,
respectively,intheLosAngelesatmosphereinOctober1994(6).
(1)SouzaSRetalAtmosEnviron33:256374(1999)(2)MonteroPCetalEnvironSciTechnol35:307181(2001)(3)Nolte
CGetalEnvironSciTechnol33:5405(1999)(4)SuzukiYetalEnvironSciTechnol35:265664(2001)(5)GaffneyJSet
alEnvironSciTechnol31,305361(1997)(6)KawamuraKetalAtmosEnviron34:417591(2000)
fromHSDB
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INDOORAIR:Aceticacidconcentrationsof40224ug/cumweredetectedinindoorairofhomesinItaly(1).
Indoorairsamplesfrom26of26houseswithSickBuildingSyndromecontainedaceticacidatamedium
relativeabundancewhencomparedwithothercompoundspresentinthatsample(6)aceticacidconcentrations
werenotgivenforindoorairfromnormalhouses(2).Aceticacidwasmeasuredinindoorairsamplesfrom4
residencesinthewinterof1993(14samplesindoors,mean=15.5ppb,maximum=19.9ppb8samples
outdoors,mean=1.8ppb,maximum=3.2ppb)andin9residencesinthesummerof1993(26samples
indoors,mean=17.8ppb,maximum=33.1ppb17samplesoutdoors,mean=2.0ppb,maximum=6.2ppb)in
Boston,MA(3).Ten(7indoor,3outdoor)of16samples(12indoor,4outdoor)from4buildingscontainedacetic
acid(4).Simultaneousindoorandoutdoormeasurementsoforganicacidswereperformedat6residentialhouse
insuburbanNewJerseyduringJuneAugust1992concentrationsofaceticacidwere23.97ppbindoors(5).
Aceticacidconcentrationsrangefrom4to11ppb,withageometricmeanof6ppbofinthecabinof2typesof
commercialaircraft(6).Aceticacidwasoneofthepredominantairbornecompoundfoundinbothmanufactured
andsitebuilthomesconcentrationsrangedfrom24.9275ppbin4manufacturehomesandfrom36.091.8ppb
in7sitebuilthomes(7).
(1)DebortoilMetalEnvironInt12:34350(1986)(2)KostiainenRAtmosEnviron.29:693702(1995)(3)ReissRetalJ
AirManagAssoc45:81122(1995)(4)WallaceLetalVolatileOrganicChemicalsin10PublicAccessBuildings.
Washington,DC:USEPA/600/D87/152(1987)(5)ZhangJetalJExposAnalEnvironEpidem4:2547(1994)(6)DechowM
etalChemosphere35:2131(1997)(7)HodgsonATetalIndoorAir10:17892(2000)
fromHSDB
RURAL/REMOTEAIR:Theaceticacidconcentrationoftheatmosphericaerosolcollectedoverawettropical
forestinGuyanain1984rangedfrom211ng/cum(1).Aceticacidwasmeasuredinairsamplesatfoursites
alongthewesternslopeoftheSierraNevada(Blodgett,Yosemite,GiantForest,andTehachapi,CA)at
concentrationsfromapproximately0.5to13ppb(2).AceticacidwasmeasuredinairsamplesfromAltosde
Pipe,Venezuelaat0.54(rainyseason)to1.4(dryseason)ppb(3).Airsamplescollectedfromsemiruralareasin
Austriacontainedaceticacidgasphaseconcentrationsfrom0.40.8,0.40.8,and0.30.4ppbweremeasured
forExelberg,Raasdorf,andSchoeneben,respectively(4).AceticacidlevelsinairinAgraandDayalbagh,India
averaged1.8and1.3ppbvolumeduringthewinterandsummerof19921993,respectively(5).Average
atmosphericconcentrationsofaceticacidinSocorro,NMwere16.1,32.0,and12.6ppbinsummer1993,winter
1994,andwinter1995,respectivelyinLangmuir,NMtheaverageconcentrationwas17.1ppbinwinter1995(6).
(1)GregoryGLetalJGeophysRes91:860312(1986)(2)HarringtonRFetalAtmosEnviron27A:184349(1993)(3)
SanhuezaEetalAtmosEnviron26A:142126(1992)(4)PuxbaumHetalAtmosEnviron22:284150(1988)(5)KumarN
etalAtomosEnviron30:354550(1996)(6)GaffneyJSetalEnvironSciTechnol31:305361(1997)
fromHSDB
SOURCEDOMINATED:Airsampleswerecollectedfrom10siteson4occasionsaroundtheLinYuan
PetrochemicalIndustrialParkinsouthernTaiwanaceticacidconcentrationsrangedfromnotdetectedto220
ug/cum(1).
(1)ChenLYetalEnvironSciTechnol34:116673(2000)
fromHSDB
12.2.15 FoodSurveyValues
Aceticacidwasidentifiedasthemajorvolatileconstituentofcommercialbrownsugars(1)concentrations
rangingfrom31827ppmweredetectedin26brownsugarscollectedworldwide(1).Thesourceoftheacetic
acidwasfoundtobebacterialactioninrecycledsweetwaterscontaininglowlevelsofsucrose(1).Aceticacid
wasqualitativelydetectedasavolatilecomponentoffriedbacon,smokedpork,bakedpotatoes,soysauce,
roastedfilbertnutsandfrankfurters(26).Meanaceticacidconcentrationsof39.6116.6weredetectedinseveral
honeydewhoneyextracts(7).
(1)GodshallMA,DeLucaAJJAgricFoodChem32:3903(1984)(2)ColemanECetalJAgricFoodChem29:428(1981)
(3)HoCTetalJAgricFoodChem31:33642(1983)(4)KinlinTEetalJAgricFoodChem20:10218(1972)(5)
ShibamatoTetalJAgricFoodChem29:5763(1981)(6)ChevanceFFV,FarmerLJJAgricFoodChem47:515160
(1999)(7)CastroVazquezLetalJAgricFoodChem54:48094813(2006)
fromHSDB
Aceticacidwasmeasuredasavolatilecompoundinpoppedpopcornataconcentrationof4000ug/kg(1),andin
theextractofedibleKoreanchamchwi(2),curedpork(3),andvolatilesfromboiledshortneckedclams,clams,
andcorbicula(4)atunreportedconcentrations.VolatilecompoundsfromBisbeeDeliciousapplesincludedacetic
acidpresentatconcentrationsfrom25.6to3505.0picoliter/kghrdependingonthedateofharvest(5).Acetic
acidwasreportedin7differentwines,ciders,anddessertwinesandbrandiesfromGermanyatconcentrations
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from80to363mg/L(6).
(1)ButteryRGetalJAgricFoodChem45:83743(1997)(2)ChungTYetalJAgricFoodChem41:169397(1993)(3)
HinrichsenLL,AndersenHJJAgricFoodChem42:153742(1994)(4)KubotaKetalJAgricFoodChem39:112730
(1991)(5)MattheisJPetalJAgricFoodChem39:19026(1991)(6)SponholzWRetalDeutscheLebensmittelRundschau
85:24751(1989)
fromHSDB
TwentytwoacidsingroundroastcoffeesandinstantcoffeesweredeterminedbyGLC(gasliquid
chromatography)oftheirsilylderivatives(afterpreseparationbygelelectrophoresisorisotachophoresis).The
contributiontothetotalacidity(whichwasestimatedbytitrationtopH8aftercationexchangeofthecoffee
solutions)wascalculatedforeachindividualacid.Theacidscontribute67%(roastcoffee)and72%(instant
coffee)tothetotalacidity.Citricacid(12.2%inroastcoffee/10.7%ininstantcoffee),aceticacid(11.2%/8.8%)
andthehighMWacids(8%/9%)contributetothetotalacidity. Abstract:PubMed
EngelhardtUH,MaierHGZLebensmUntersForsch181(1):203(1985)
fromHSDB
12.2.16 PlantConcentrations
Aceticacidoccursinvariousplants,suchasinessentialoilfromjuniper(1).Aceticacidoccursintobacco(2).
(1)NicholasHJp.3823inPhytochemistryMillerLPed,NewYork,NY:VanNostrandReinhold(1973)(2)JohnstonRAW,
PlimmerJRChemRev59:885936(1959)
fromHSDB
Aceticacidconcentrationsinplants(1).
Genusspecies
Commonname
Part
Concn(ppm)
Astragalusgummifer
GumTragacanth
Gum
25,000
Theobromoacacao
Cacao
Seed
7,100
Linumusitatissimum
Flax
Seed
3,853
Crotontiglium
PurgingCotton
Seed
3,000
Vitisvinifera
EuropeanGrape
Fruit
2,000
Telosmacordata
Merrillflowers
Flower
02,610
Panaxquinquefolius
AmericanGinseng
Plant
126
Glycyrrhizaglabra
CommonLicorice
Root
Coriandrumsativum
ChineseParsley
Fruit
Myrtuscommunis
Myrtle
Plant
(1)USDADr.Duke'sPhytochemicalandEthnobotanicalDatabases.Plantswithachosenchemical.Aceticacid.
Washington,DC:USDeptAgric,AgricResService.Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:http://www.arsgrin.gov/duke/
fromHSDB
12.2.17 Fish/SeafoodConcentrations
Aceticacidoccursasavolatileemissionproductduringfishprocessing(1).Thevolatilecomponentsofdifferent
meatsofacommonlyconsumedcrabinAsia(Charybdisferiatus)wereinvestigated.Itwasdeterminedthat
aceticacidconcentrations(ug/kgdryweight)inthefollowingcrabmeatswere74.4(legsandclaws),85.9(body),
and50.1(carapace)(2).
(1)GraedelTEetalAtmosphericChemicalCompounds.Sources,Occurrence,andBioassay.Orlando,FL:Academic
Pressp.345(1986)(2)ChungHYJAgricFoodChem47:228087(1999)
fromHSDB
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12.2.18 AnimalConcentrations
Aceticacidwasidentifiedasacomponentofpoultrymanure(atconcentrationsfrom9.17to464mg/kg)(1)and
wasresponsibleforavinegarlikeodor(2).
(1)YasuharaAJChrom387:37178(1987)(2)BurnettWEEnvironSciTechnol3:7449(1969)
fromHSDB
12.2.19 MilkConcentrations
Aceticacidwasqualitativelydetectedin2of12humanmilksamplescollectedfromvolunteersinfourUS
cities(1). Abstract:PubMed
(1)PellizzariEDetalBullEnvironContamToxicol28:3228(1982)
fromHSDB
12.2.20 OtherEnvironmentalConcentrations
Aceticacidisoneofthemajorvolatileacidsintobaccosmokewithconcentrationsrangingfrom351,700
ug/cigarette(1).AceticacidhasbeenreportedasaprimaryVOC(volatileorganiccompound)emittedfromdairy
animalwaste(egmanure)andfeed(2).Aceticacidlevelsof63.4ug/cumhavebeendetectedinairinthe
vicinityofswinemanure(3).
(1)IARCMonographontheEvaluationoftheCarcinogenicRiskofChemicalstoHumans.TobaccoSmokingLyon,France:
InternatAgencyResCancer38:83126(1986)(2)MalkinaILetalJEnvironQual40:2836(2011)(3)TrabueSLetal
EnvironSciTechnol42:37453750(2008)
fromHSDB
12.2.21 ProbableRoutesofHumanExposure
Accordingtothe2006TSCAInventoryUpdateReportingdata,thenumberofpersonsreasonablylikelytobe
exposedintheindustrialmanufacturing,processing,anduseofaceticacidis1000orgreaterthedatamaybe
greatlyunderestimated(1).
(1)USEPAInventoryUpdateReporting(IUR).Nonconfidential2006IURRecordsbyChemical,includingManufacturing,
ProcessingandUseInformation.Washington,DC:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Availablefrom,asofMay27,
2014:http://cfpub.epa.gov/iursearch/index.cfm
fromHSDB
NIOSH(NOESSurvey19811983)hasstatisticallyestimatedthat907,205workers(322,123oftheseare
female)arepotentiallyexposedtoaceticacidintheUS(1).Occupationalexposuretoaceticacidmayoccur
throughinhalationanddermalcontactwiththiscompoundatworkplaceswhereaceticacidisproducedor
used(SRC).Aceticacidoccursubiquitouslyandisanormalmetaboliteinanimalstherefore,thegeneral
populationiscontinuallyexposedtothecompound(SRC).Monitoringdataindicatethatthegeneralpopulation
maybeexposedtoaceticacidviainhalationofambientair,ingestionoffood,anddermalcontactwithconsumer
productscontainingaceticacid(SRC).
(1)NIOSHNOES.NationalOccupationalExposureSurveyconductedfrom19811983.Estimatednumbersofemployees
potentiallyexposedtospecificagentsby2digitstandardindustrialclassification(SIC).Availablefrom,asofMay27,2014:
http://www.cdc.gov/noes/
fromHSDB
12.2.22 BodyBurdens
Aceticacidwasqualitativelydetectedin2of12humanmilksamplescollectedfromvolunteersinfourUS
cities(1).Aceticacidat19.9mg/daywasmeasuredfromnonspecifiedhumanemissions(2).Humansexude
<90mg/dayofvolatilefattyacidsinexhaledbreathandperspiration,80%ofwhichisaceticacid(3)inaconfined
environment,asmuchas1520mg/cumcanaccumulateandsuchconcentrationscanbecomeseriousin
submarinesorspacecapsules(3).
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(1)PellizzariEDetalBullEnvironContamToxicol28:3228(1982)(2)OtsonR,FellinPinGasPollut:Charactizationand
Cycling.NriaguJO,ed,NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc(1989)(3)WagnerFSAceticAcid.KirkOthmer
EncyclopediaofChemicalTechnology.(19992014).NewYork,NY:JohnWiley&Sons.OnlinePostingDate:Apr29,2014
fromHSDB
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Date
Date
Title
Journal
20150905
Protectiveeffectofcavidineonaceticacid
inducedmurinecolitisviaregulatingantioxidant,
cytokineprofileandNFBsignaltransduction
pathways.
Chemicobiologicalinteractions
26276312
20150812
Coadministrationoflipoicacidand
cyclosporineaggravatescolonulcerationof
aceticacidinducedulcerativecolitisvia
facilitationofNO/COX2/miR210cascade.
Toxicologyandapplied
pharmacology
25891526
20150703
Evaluationofearlychangesinducedbydiuronin
theraturinarybladderusingdifferentprocessing
methodsforscanningelectronmicroscopy.
Toxicology
25450233
20150605
Developmentofahighthroughputinvitroassay
toidentifyselectiveinhibitorsforhuman
ALDH1A1.
25617481
20150225
Protectiveeffectsoftheflavonoidhesperidin
methylchalconeininflammationandpainin
mice:roleofTRPV1,oxidativestress,cytokines
andNFB.
25154594
20150101
Firstevidenceoftheanalgesicactivityof
govaniadine,analkaloidisolatedfromCorydalis
govanianaWall.
Naturalproductresearch
24144632
20131215
JAK2targetedantiinflammatoryeffectofa
resveratrolderivative2,4dihydroxyN(4
hydroxyphenyl)benzamide.
Biochemicalpharmacology
23933360
20131001
Zinc(II)curcuminacceleratesthehealingof
aceticacidinducedchronicgastriculcersinrats
bydecreasingoxidativestressand
downregulationofmatrixmetalloproteinase9.
Foodandchemicaltoxicology:
aninternationaljournalpublished
fortheBritishIndustrial
BiologicalResearchAssociation
23872152
20130925
SynergisticeffectoftheLtryptophanand
kynurenicacidwithdipyroneorparacetamolin
mice.
23810507
20130905
Theroleofcholinergicantiinflammatory
pathwayinaceticacidinducedcolonic
inflammationintherat.
26102009
fromPubChem
13.2 NLMCuratedPubMedCitations
Download
96/108
5/4/2016
AllNLMCuratedPubMedCitations
ReferencesbyMeSHSubheading
administrationanddosage
adverseeffects
analysis
antagonistsandinhibitors
blood
cerebrospinalfluid
chemicalsynthesis
chemistry
classification
diagnosticuse
economics
history
immunology
isolationandpurification
metabolism
pharmacokinetics
pharmacology
poisoning
radiationeffects
standards
supplyanddistribution
therapeuticuse
toxicity
urine
fromPubChem
13.3 SynthesisReferences
EarlM.Chamberlin,WarrenK.Russ,Jr.,GeorgeG.Hazen,"Processforpreparing[1oxo2cyclopentyl(or2
isopropyl)2methyl6,7dichloro5indanyloxy]aceticacid."U.S.PatentUS3950408,issuedApril,1928.
fromDrugBank
13.4 GeneralReferences
eMedicine
fromDrugBank
97/108
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14 Patents
14.1 DepositorSuppliedPatentIdentifiers
Download
1to10of303,427
3 ... 30,343
Date
PatentID
Date
PatentTitle
US8980283
20150317
C.perfringensalphatoxoidvaccine
US8980281
20150317
Highyieldtransgenicmammalianexpressionsystemforgeneratingviruslike
particles
US8980272
20150317
Antibodytargetingosteoclastassociatedprotein
US8980223
20150317
Methodsofpreventingischemicinjuryusingperipheralnociceptivestimulation
US8980214
20150317
Methodforproducingdifluorophosphate,nonaqueouselectrolyteforsecondary
cellandnonaqueouselectrolytesecondarycell
US8980130
20150317
Submicronrareearthboratesandpreparation/luminoshorsthereof
US8980060
20150317
Biomasshydrothermaldecompositionapparatus,methodthereof,andorganic
materialproductionsystemusingbiomassmaterial
US8979951
20150317
Additivesforimprovingthecoldpropertiesoffueloils
US8979809
20150317
Nightvisioncomposition
US8979349
20150317
Illuminationdevicesandmethodsoffabricationthereof
fromPubChem
98/108
5/4/2016
15 BiomolecularInteractionsandPathways
15.1 ProteinBound3DStructures
Refine/Analyze
MMDBID:137940
MMDBID:137931
Download
MMDBID:137930
MMDBID:137853
fromPubChem
15.2 BiosystemsandPathways
Download
1to10of54,400
3 ... 5,440
BioSystemID
BioSystemName
287
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis
336
Taurineandhypotaurinemetabolism
337
Phosphonateandphosphinatemetabolism
358
Glycosaminoglycanbiosynthesisheparansulfate/heparin
373
Pyruvatemetabolism
387
Propanoatemetabolism
1269379
SignalTransduction
1269956
Metabolism
1269957
Metabolismofcarbohydrates
1269972
Glycosaminoglycanmetabolism
fromPubChem
15.3 DrugBankInteractions
DrugBankInteractions:1of2
Transporter
Action
Solutecarrierorganicaniontransporterfamilymember2B1
1.substrate
2.inhibitor
99/108
5/4/2016
GeneralFunction
Sodiumindependentorganicaniontransmembranetransporteractivity
SpecificFunction
MediatestheNa(+)independenttransportoforganicanionssuchas
taurocholate,theprostaglandinsPGD2,PGE1,PGE2,leukotrieneC4,
thromboxaneB2andiloprost.
GeneName
SLCO2B1
GenBankGene
AB026256
GenBankProtein
5006263
References
1.KobayashiD,NozawaT,ImaiK,NezuJ,TsujiA,TamaiI:Involvement
ofhumanorganicaniontransportingpolypeptideOATPB(SLC21A9)in
pHdependenttransportacrossintestinalapicalmembrane.J
PharmacolExpTher.2003Aug306(2):7038.Epub2003Apr30.
Pubmed
2.NozawaT,ImaiK,NezuJ,TsujiA,TamaiI:Functionalcharacterization
ofpHsensitiveorganicaniontransportingpolypeptideOATPBin
human.JPharmacolExpTher.2004Feb308(2):43845.Epub2003
Nov10.Pubmed
fromDrugBank
DrugBankInteractions:2of2
Transporter
Monocarboxylatetransporter1
Action
substrate
GeneralFunction
Symporteractivity
SpecificFunction
Protoncoupledmonocarboxylatetransporter.Catalyzestherapidtransport
acrosstheplasmamembraneofmanymonocarboxylatessuchaslactate,
pyruvate,branchedchainoxoacidsderivedfromleucine,valineand
isoleucine,andtheketonebodiesacetoacetate,betahydroxybutyrateand
acetate.Dependingonthetissueandoncicumstances,mediatestheimport
orexportoflacticacidandketonebodies.Requiredfornormalnutrient
assimilation,increaseofwhiteadiposetissueandbodyweightgainwhenon
ahighfatdiet.Playsaroleincellularresponsestoahighfatdietby
modulatingthecellularlevelsoflactateandpyruvate,smallmoleculesthat
contributetotheregulationofcentralmetabolicpathwaysandinsulin
secretion,withconcomitanteffectsonplasmainsulinlevelsandblood
glucosehomeostasis.
GeneName
SLC16A1
GenBankGene
L31801
GenBankProtein
561722
References
TamaiI,SaiY,OnoA,KidoY,YabuuchiH,TakanagaH,SatohE,Ogihara
T,AmanoO,IzekiS,TsujiA:Immunohistochemicalandfunctional
characterizationofpHdependentintestinalabsorptionofweakorganicacids
bythemonocarboxylicacidtransporterMCT1.JPharmPharmacol.1999
Oct51(10):111321.Pubmed
fromDrugBank
100/108
5/4/2016
16 BiologicalTestResults
16.1 BioAssayResults
Refine/Analyze
1to10of229
3 ... 23
Download
Activity
Activity
Substance
SID
BioAssay
AID
BioAssayName
Active
103176092
72281
DissociationconstantforbindingtoSH2domainofFynproteinkinase
Active
103176092
452647
LongevitypromotingactivityinwildtypeCaenorhabditiselegansN2
assessedasincreaseinGFPfusedDAF16transcriptionfactormRNA
expressionat50ppmbyquantitativeRTPCRanalysis
Active
103176092
224294
DissociationconstantforbindingtoSH2domainofp56lcktyrosine
kinase
Active
103176092
452628
assessedasdecreaseinDAF2receptormRNAexpressionat50ppm
after2daysbyquantitativeRTPCRanalysis
Active
103176092
452627
assessedasincreaseinDAF16transcriptionfactormRNAexpressionat
50ppmafter2daysbyquantitativeRTPCRanalysis
Active
103176092
452626
assessedasincreaseinlifespanat50ppmbymicroscopicanalysis
Active
103176092
1083147
NematotoxicactivityagainstfreshlyhatchedMeloidogyneincognitaJ2
(rootknotnematode)isolatedfromtomatorootsassessedasinduction
ofmicroscopicdamagesat100ug/mLmeasured24hrafterimmersion
incompoundtestsolutions
Active
103176092
1081607
PreemergenceherbicidalactivityagainstLoliumrigidumseeds
assessedasseedgerminationat0.1mol/lat25degCafter72hrby
laboratorybasedagarmediumbioassayrelativeto1,8Cineole
1081610
PreemergenceherbicidalactivityagainstRaphanussativusvar.Long
scarlet(radish)seedsassessedasseedgerminationat0.1mol/lat25
degCafter72hrbylaboratorybasedagarmediumbioassayrelativeto
1,8Cineole
1081612
PreemergenceherbicidalactivityagainstRaphanussativusvar.Long
scarlet(radish)seedsassessedasrootlengthat0.1mol/lat25degC
after72hrbylaboratorybasedagarmediumbioassayrelativeto1,8
Cineole
Active
Active
103176092
103176092
fromPubChem
101/108
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17 Classification
17.1 Ontologies
17.1.1 MeSHTree
Refine/Analyze
1to1of1
Download
ListView
TreeView
AceticAcid
fromMeSH
17.1.2 ChEBIOntology
Refine/Analyze
1to1of1
Download
ListView
TreeView
aceticacid
fromChEBI
17.1.3 LIPIDMAPSClassification
Refine/Analyze
1to1of1
Download
ListView
TreeView
Aceticacid
fromLIPIDMAPS
17.1.4 KEGG:Metabolite
Refine/Analyze
1to1of1
ListView
Download
TreeView
AcetateEthanoate
fromKEGG
102/108
5/4/2016
17.1.5 KEGG:Lipid
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
Aceticacid
fromKEGG
17.1.6 KEGG:Drug
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
Aceticacid(JP16/NF)Glacialaceticacid(JP16)Aceticacid,glacial(USP)G01AD02S02AA10
fromKEGG
17.1.7 KEGG:USP
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
Aceticacid(JP16/NF)Glacialaceticacid(JP16)Aceticacid,glacial(USP)
fromKEGG
17.1.8 KEGG:ATC
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
fromKEGG
17.1.9 KEGG:JP15
Refine/Analyze
1to1of1
ListView
Download
TreeView
103/108
5/4/2016
Aceticacid
fromKEGG
17.1.10 KEGG:RiskCategoryofJapaneseOTCDrugs
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
fromKEGG
17.1.11 KEGG:Additive
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to1of1
Download
TreeView
[001258]Aceticacid
fromKEGG
17.1.12 WHOATCClassificationSystem
Refine/Analyze
ListView
1to2of2
Download
TreeView
G01AD02Aceticacid
S02AA10Aceticacid
fromWHOATC
17.1.13 WIPOIPC
Refine/Analyze
1to10of24,897
3 ... 2,490
ListView
Download
TreeView
A61P11/04forthroatdisorders
A61P11/06Antiasthmatics
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A61P11/08Bronchodilators
A61P11/10Expectorants
A61P11/12Mucolytics
A61P11/14Antitussiveagents
A61P11/16Centralrespiratoryanaleptics
A61P13/00Drugsfordisordersoftheurinarysystem
A61P13/02ofurineoroftheurinarytract,e.g.urineacidifiers
A61P13/04forurolithiasis
fromWIPO
105/108
5/4/2016
18 InformationSources
1.HSDB
ACETICACID
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+64197
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+64197
2.DrugBank
Aceticacid
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03166http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03166
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03166#transportershttp://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03166#transporters
3.ILOICSC
ACETICACID
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0363http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?
p_card_id=0363
4.NIOSHPocketGuide
Aceticacid
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0002.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0002.html
5.OSHAOccupationalChemicalDB
ACETICACID
http://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=469
http://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?RecNo=469
6.CAMEOChemicals
Aceticacid,glacial
http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2272http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2272
Aceticacid,solution,morethan10%butnotmorethan80%acid
Aceticacid,solution,morethan80%acid
7.NCIt
AceticAcid
http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?
dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C61623
http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?
dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C61623
8.EPAChemicalsundertheTSCA
Aceticacid
http://www.epa.gov/chemicaldatareportinghttp://www.epa.gov/chemicaldatareporting
9.OSHAChemicalSamplingInformation
Aceticacid
https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_216400.html
https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_216400.html
10.NJDOHRTKHazardousSubstanceList
aceticacid
http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0004.pdf
http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0004.pdf
11.EUREGULATION(EC)No1272/2008
aceticacid...%
http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemicals/classificationlabelling/index_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/chemicals/classificationlabelling/index_en.htm
12.NITECMC
Aceticacid
http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/ghs/09mhlw2026e.htmlhttp://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/ghs/09mhlw
2026e.html
13.SafeWorkAustraliaHSIS
TheHazardousSubstancesInformationSystem(HSIS)attheSafeWorkAustraliaisaninternetadvisory
servicethatallowsyoutofindinformationonsubstancesthathavebeenclassifiedbyanauthoritative
source(suchastheEuropeanCommissionorNICNAS)inaccordancewiththeApprovedCriteriafor
ClassifyingHazardousSubstances[NOHSC:1008(2004]3rdEdition.
106/108
5/4/2016
http://hsis.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/http://hsis.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/
14.ECHA
Aceticacid
http://echa.europa.eu/http://echa.europa.eu/
15.FDA/SPLIndexingdata
Q40Q9N063P
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/SubstanceRegistrationSystem
UniqueIngredientIdentifierUNII/
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/SubstanceRegistrationSystem
UniqueIngredientIdentifierUNII/
16.TheCambridgeStructuralDatabase
TheCambridgeStructuralDatabaseprovidesaccessto3Dstructuresofmoleculesdetermined
experimentallyusingdiffractiontechniques.
http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/pages/Home.aspxhttp://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/pages/Home.aspx
17.NIST
Aceticacid
http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfmhttp://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
18.FDAOrangeBook
ACETICACID,GLACIALHYDROCORTISONENEOMYCINSULFATE
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ucm129662.htm
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ucm129662.htm
19.DailyMed
ACETICACID,GLACIAL
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=ACETIC+ACID
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=ACETIC+ACID
20.PubMedHealth
AceticAcid(Insidethebladder)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0008804/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0008804/
21.Wikipedia
Aceticacid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid
Pyroligneousacid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroligneous_acidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroligneous_acid
Cellulosediacetate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_diacetatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate
22.WHOATC
http://www.whocc.no/atc/http://www.whocc.no/atc/
ATCCode
http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/
23.NIOSHManualofAnalyticalMethods
64197
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003154/pdfs/1603.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003
154/pdfs/1603.pdf
64197
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003154/pdfs/1603B.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003
154/pdfs/1603B.pdf
24.PubChem
DatadepositedinorcomputedbyPubChem
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
25.MeSH
AceticAcid
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68019342http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68019342
MeSHTree
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
IndicatorsandReagents
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68007202http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68007202
26.ChEBI
ChEBIOntology
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/userManualForward.do#ChEBI%20Ontology
107/108
5/4/2016
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/userManualForward.do#ChEBI%20Ontology
27.KEGG
Metabolite
http://www.genome.jp/dbgetbin/www_bget?brite:br08001http://www.genome.jp/dbgetbin/www_bget?
brite:br08001
Lipid
brite:br08002
Drug
brite:br08301
USP
brite:br08302
ATC
brite:br08303
JP15
brite:br08311
RiskcategoryofJapaneseOTCdrugs
brite:br08312
Additive
brite:br08316
28.LIPIDMAPS
LIPIDMAPSclassificationsystemforlipids
http://www.lipidmaps.org/data/classification/LM_classification_exp.php
http://www.lipidmaps.org/data/classification/LM_classification_exp.php
29.WIPO
InternationalPatentClassification2014
http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/
30.NCBI
LinkOutisaservicethatallowsonetolinkdirectlyfromNCBIdatabasestoawiderangeofinformationand
servicesbeyondNCBIsystems.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/linkouthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/linkout
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Acetic Acid Pub Chem

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Acetic Acid Pub Chem

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PUBCHEM COMPOUND ACETICACID

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