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Standard types :
UNS Series
Axxxxx
Cxxxxx
Fxxxxx
Cast iron
Gxxxxx
Hxxxxx
Jxxxxx
Kxxxxx
Lxxxxx
Mxxxxx
Nxxxxx
Pxxxxx
Rxxxxx
Sxxxxx
Txxxxx
Wxxxxx
Zxxxxx
Title
Power Boiler
II
Material Specifications :
A.
Ferrous
B.
Non-Ferrous
C.
Welding rod, electrodes, and filler metal
III
IV
Heating Boiler
VI
VII
VIII
Pressure Vessel
ASTM Specification
Material
Product
ASTM A 53
Carbon steel
ASTM A 106
Carbon steel
Seamless pipe
ASTM A 105
Carbon steel
Forged pipe
ASTM A 181
Carbon steel
Forged flange
ASTM A 234
Carbon steel
Fitting
ASTM B 167
Inconel 600
Seamless pipe
ASTM B 241
Aluminum
Seamless pipe
ASTM B 43
Copper
Seamless pipe
ASTM B 337
Titanium
Seamless pipe
FERROUS ALLOYS
Classifications of
Metallic Materials
Steel and its alloys are the most widely used metallic material in
industries
General types :
PLAIN CARBON STEEL :
Low Carbon Steel : C < 0.2%
Medium Carbon Steel : C = 0.2 0.5%
High Carbon Steel : C > 0.5%
Killed steel :
Semi-killed steel :
CARBON ( C ) :
MANGANESE (Mn) :
SILICON (Si) :
Deoxidizer
Increase Yield Strength
Increase impact value
ALUMINUM (Al) :
COPPER (Cu) :
Deoxidizer
To refine the grain (AlN precipitates on the grain boundary)
Increase impact value
Increase strength
Increase atmospheric corrosion resistance ( > 0.2%)
CHROMIUM (Cr) :
NICKEL (Ni) :
MOLYBDENUM (Mo) :
Deoxidizer
Carbide and nitride forming elements
ZIRCONIUM (Zr) :
BORON (B) :
Improve harddenability
Small amount (0.0005 0.003%)
Chemical Composition of
Plain Carbon Steel and High Strength Low Alloy Steel
ASTM
UNS
C
Si
Mn
Number Number
1010
G10100
0.08
0.13
0.30
0.60
1020
G10200
0.18
0.23
0.30
0.60
A36
K02600
< 0.26
< 0.40
0.18
1.20
A516 Gr
70
K02700
< 0.27
0.15
0.40
0.85
1.20
A440
K12810
A633
Gr E
K12002
A656
Gr 70
K11804
< 0.18
< 0.60
< 1.65
Cu > 0.20
Mechanical Properties
Material
Tensile
Strength
(MPa)
Yield
Strength
(MPa
Elongation
(%)
Applications
A36
400 550
> 250
> 23
A516 Gr
70
485 620
> 260
> 21
> 550
> 485
17
1010
1020
A440
A633
Gr E
A656
Gr 70
Stainless Steel
Nickel :
Manganese :
Molybdenum :
Carbon :
Nitrogen :
: ferrite
High strength compare to Austenitic Grade
Poor Weldability
Excellent SCC resistance
Widely used : 409, 430
Cr
Mn
Si
Other Elements
405
0.08
11.5-14.5
1.0
1.0
Al = 0.10 0.30
409
0.08
10.5 11.8
1.0
1.0
Ti = 6 x C/0.75 max.
429
0.12
14 - 16
1.0
1.0
430
0.12
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
430F
0.12
16 - 18
1.25
1.0
430FSe
0.12
16 - 18
1.25
1.0
Se > 0.15
434
0.12
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
Mo = 0.75 1.25
436
0.12
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
Mo = 0.75 1.25,
(Nb + Ta) = 5 x C (0.70 max.)
442
0.20
18 - 23
1.0
1.0
446
0.20
23 - 27
1.50
1.0
N < 0.25
: austenite
Lower strength than ferritic group
Excellent Weldability
Poor SCC resistance
Widely used : 304, 304L, 316, 316L
Cr
Ni
Mo
304
0.08
18 - 20
8 - 15
304L
0.03
18 - 20
8 - 15
310
0.25
24 - 26
19 22
316
0.08
16 - 18
10 - 14
23
316L
0.03
16 - 18
10 - 14
23
321
0.08
17 - 19
9 - 12
347
0.08
17 - 19
9 - 13
904L
0.020
19 - 23
23 - 28
4-5
254SMo
0.020
19.5
20.5
17.5
18.5
6 6.5
0.18
0.22
654SMo
0.020
24 - 26
21 - 23
7-8
0.45
0.55
Ti
Nb
5 x %C
10 x % C
Cr
Mn
Si
Other Elements
410
0.15
11.5 13.5
1.0
1.0
414
0.15
11.5 13.5
1.0
1.0
Ni = 1.25 2.5
416
0.15
12 - 14
1.25
1.0
416Se
0.15
12 - 14
1.25
1.0
Se > 0.15
420
> 0.15
12 - 14
1.0
1.0
420F
> 0.15
12 - 14
1.25
1.0
S > 0.15
431
> 0.20
15 - 17
1.0
1.0
Ni = 1.25 2.50
440A
0.60 0.75
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
Mo > 0.75
440B
0.75 0.95
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
Mo > 0.75
440C
0.95 1.20
16 - 18
1.0
1.0
Mo > 0.75
: austenite + ferrite
Strength between austenitic and ferritic
Good Weldability
Good SCC resistance
Phase Balance
Resistance to pitting
corrosion, PRE > 30
UNS
S31803
(2205)
UNS
S32750
(2507)
UNS
S32550
(255)
UNS
S39274
C, max.
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
Mn, max.
2.50
2.0
1.20
1.50
1.0
Si, max.
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.80
Ni
3.0 5.5
4.5 6.50
68
Cr
21.5 24.5
24 - 27
24 26
Mo
0.05 0.6
2.90 3.90
2.50 3.50
0.05 0.20
0.08
0.20
0.24
0.32
0.10 0.25
0.24 0.32
Cu
0.05 - 0.60
--
0.50
1.5 2.5
0.20 0.80
W, max.
---
--
PREN
22 - 30
31 - 38
21 23
24 - 26
1.50 2.50
38 - 48
35 - 44
41 - 51
Flake
Nodular
Compacted
Tempered
Copper Alloys
Pure copper
Copper alloys
Pure Copper :
Copper Alloys
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Brass (Cu-Zn)
Bronze (Cu-Sn)
Tin Brass (Cu-Zn-Sn)
Aluminium Brass (Cu-Zn-Al)
Free Cutting Brass (Cu-Zn-Pb)
Phosphor Bronze (Cu-Sn-P)
Aluminum Bronze (Cu-Sn-Al)
Copper Nickel (Cu-Ni)
Nickel Silver (Ni-Ag)
Copper Silicon (Cu-Si)