Summer 2000 CH2 Mark Scheme

1.

(a)

(i)

Reagent: potassium dichromate (VI)/potassium manganate (VII) (1) or

formulae sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid (1) or formulae
If potassium manganate(VII) chosen not HCl or conc H2SO4 for second mark
Acidfied dichromate or H+ / Cr2O72(1)
2

(b)

(ii)

amount of propanol = 5.67/60 = 0.0945 mol (1)

amount of propanoic acid produced = 0.64 0.0945
= 0.06048 mol (1)
yield of propanoic acid = 74 0.06048 = 4.5 / 4.48 / 4.476 g (1)

OR

by mass ratio: ratio acid/alcohol = 74/60 = 1.23 (1)

100% yield = 1.23 5.67g = 6.99 g (1)
64% yield = 6.99 g 0.64 = 4.5 / 4.48 / 4.476 g (1)

(i)

(ii)

increase in temperature:
(position of ) equilibrium goes to the right (1)
as endothermic left to right (1)
on the addition of sodium propanaoate
the position of equilibrium goes to left (1)
higher concentration of / more propanoate ions
or
sodium propanoate produces propanoate ions (1)

pH rises (consequential on above) (1)

14
start pH 2 to 4 (1)

12

correct general shape (1)

9
vertical 6/7.6 to 10/12 (1)
6
(c)

(i)

at 25 cm3 (1)

10
(ii)

20

30

40

50

indicator : thymol blue (1) consequential on vertical part of graph

reason: pH change sharp around pKin value / its colour changes around end point
pH / band pH8 to 10 shown on graph (1)
2

(d)

(i)

(ii)

fully dissociated and reactions identical

OR
H+ + OH H2O (1)

HCN weak acid / partially dissociated (1)

Hionisation of HCN endothermic (1)

2
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Summer 2000 CH2 Mark Scheme

2.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

enthalpy change/ energy change/heat change/heat given out/ energy released

per mole of substance burning in excess oxygen / burning completely
(in oxygen )under standard conditions (2)
All three points in bold (2 marks) two points (1 mark)

C2H6(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) H = 1560.0(kJ mol1 )

correct stioichiometry (1 3 = 2
3) (1)
correct state symbols (g g
g
l) water must be liquid (1)
Correct value of H (if 2 C2H6 etc. in equation
H must be 3120 kJ mol1) (1)

2C(s) + 3H 2 (g) + (3O2 )

C2 H6 (g) + (302 )

H=heat of formation

(iii)

2CO 2 (g) + 3H 2 O (1)

Cycle (fully balanced) (1)

H formation ethane = 2(393.5) + 3(285.8) ( 1560)

= 787 857.4 + 1560
= 84.4 (kJ mol1)
Working (1) answer (1)
(b)

This mixture is thermodynamically unstable

Either as the reaction is very exothermic
Or energy level of products below energy level of reactants (1)
This reaction is kinetically stable because the activation energy is high (1)

(c)

(i)

atom/species with an unpaired electron (1)

(ii)

where one atom or group replaces (not substitutes) another (1)

reference to molecule rather than group or atom scores (0)

if the word substitutes is used the mark can be
awarded for a relevant example
(iii)

(iv)

(d)

one electron goes to the carbon atom (to form a radical) (1)
the other goes to form a bond with the chlorine atom (1)
The second point could be shown on the diagram on the question paper

Cl + Cl Cl2
or CH3CH2 + CH3CH2 C4H10
or Cl + CH3CH2 CH3CH2Cl (1)

break CH
+ 412
make HBr
366 (1)
H = + 46 (kJ mol1) (1)
Correct answer with no working (2)

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Summer 2000 CH2 Mark Scheme

(e)

(from expt 1 & 2:/ [CN] const ) [C2H5Br] doubles, rate doubles
1st order wrt C2H5Br (1)
(from expt 1 & 3:/ [C2H5Br] const) [CN] doubles, rate doubles
1st order wrt CN (1)
Rate = k[CN][C2H5Br] (1)
The rate equation is consequential on the answers to the first part of the section

(f)

(i)

Route I as both reactants appear in rate equation rate determining step

OR Route I as route II would be zero order wrt CN (1)

Uncatalysed

Catalysed

reactants

(ii)

products

Correct profile for uncatalysed (1) ignore intermediate if shown

Correct profile for catalysed (1)
Labelled products lower energy than reactants
A correctly drawn unlabelled diagram can score maximum 2 marks

3
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3.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(b)

KOH/NaOH (1)
ethanol/alcoholic/ specified alcohol (1)
heat (under reflux) (1)
If use aqueous maximum 1 mark
If use aqueous alcohol max 2 marks

LiAlH4 (1)
dry ether (1)

(iii)

aqueous ( concentrated or dilute) NaOH /KOH or NaOH/KOH solution (1)

boil/heat (1)
2

(i)

2,4d n.p. ; carbonyl/ C=O group / aldehyde and ketone / aldehyde or ketone (1)
not just aldehyde or just ketone
Ag+/NH3 ; aldehyde /CHO group (1)
PCl5 ; OH group /.acid and alcohol / acid or alcohol (1)
not just alcohol
Br2 (aq);

(c)

(i)

C=C / alkene (1)

CH 3CH 2 CH 2 CHO

CH 3CHCH 3
CHO

P
(1)

(1)

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Summer 2000 CH2 Mark Scheme

CH

CH 2

(ii)

H 2C

CH

C
Q

CH 3
H

C
OH

CH 3

HO

Correct identification of Q (1)

Isomers correctly drawn (1)
The use of C2H3 in formula is acceptable
(iii)

CH 3

COOH
C

S
H

CH 3

H
C

COOH

Correct identification of S (1)

Isomers correctly drawn (1)
Two correctly drawn isomers of R scores 1 mark

2
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