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Surface tension: a
measure of how
difficult it is to
break the surface
of water
Evaporative cooling
H-bonds have to
be broken before
liquid water turns
into vapor
water in 2 states:
ice floats
biological
significance?
Large molecules:
contain C, H, O
Include:
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
Glucose
Formed by a
dehydration
reaction
Sucrose
Polysaccharides
- consist of long chains of sugars
Examples:
Starch
Glucose
monomer
Glucose
monomer
Fructose
monomer
Glycogen
(a) Corn syrup
containing
fructose
(b) starch
(c) glycogen
Cellulose
Polysaccharides
Function?
Glycoprotein
Outside
of cell
Inside
of cell
Made up of amino
acids
}
}
}
}
Keratin
Silk
Lysine
Valine
Lysine
Valine
10
-Stanley
11
- sugars
} ribose (RNA)
} deoxyribose (DNA)
- nitrogenous bases:
} purines
} pyrimidines
ATACGCAT
TATGCGTA
12
Genetic Code
Translation: converts the order of the nucleotides of a gene into the order of amino acids
in a protein
mRNAs are read in three-base sequences, termed codons (4 bases are UCAG)
= first base
= second base
= third base
13
Mutations:
14