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Jakarta06-OT-60

PROCEEDINGS, JAKARTA2006 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCES


CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION
Jakarta, August 14 16, 2006
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE JAMBI SUB-BASIN:
A ROTATED STRIKE-SLIP MECHANISM
Margaretha E. M. Purwaningsih*
Bambang Mujihardi**
Lilik Prasetya***
Wah Adi Suseno****
Yarra Sutadiwiria*****

ABSTRACT
The activation of the great lateral dextral Sumatran
strike slip fault related to the structural evolution in
the Jambi sub-basin. Based on the strain ellipsoid
analysis, it was recognized that the structural
evolution of the Jambi sub-basin included three
orders. First order was occurred when Sumatran
strike slip was active in the southern part of South
Sumatra basin at the Pre-Tertiary time. The WNWESE Lematang fault was resulted as a synthetic
right lateral strike-slip fault relative to the Sumatran
fault. The other ones, the NNE-SSW Setiti-Tembesi
fault was active as an antithetic left lateral strike
slip fault. The Kikim fault and Lembak fault were
formed as an antithetic fault relative to the
Lematang major fault on the second order at the
Eocene to Oligocene time. The third order of the
structural evolution at the Middle Miocene to
Pliocene time was dominated by compression
regime that results the NW-SE thrust and reverse
fault. The structural evolution of Jambi sub-basin
showed the block rotation of 45-degree clock wisely
relatively to the great Sumatra strike slip fault.
INTRODUCTION
The structural evolution of Tertiary basin,
especially on the eastern part of Sumatra Island was
started by rifting system because of the extension
and continental thinning at the Eocene time. Morley
(2002b) suggested that the basin formation in the
Sumatra Island was occurred because of subduction
rollback that was assumed as a resistance to the
compression force causing rifting and basin
*
**
***
****
*****

ConocoPhillips Indonesia
Elnusa Geoscience
Pacific Oil & Gas
Halliburton
BPMIGAS

formation. The models explained the breaking up of


continental crust and move away by strike slip
faults. Davies (1984) reported that Sumatra basins
were formed as pull-apart among wrench fault with
interchange orientation as effect of rotary
movement Sunda Plate with some varies direction
and subduction rate along Sumatra Island. Wortel
and Cloetingh (1986) suggested that compression
force was caused by the northward subduction of
Indian oceanic plate below Sunda Plate, ensue the
N-S oriented basin formation was occurred. Detail
analysis of fault lineation (normal fault and thrust
fault) on the top of Talang Akar and Air Benakat
formations was used statistically and the result was
displayed on the roset diagram. Principal of strain
ellipsoid was used to understand the structural
history of the basin. The model of structural
kinematics in the Jambi sub-basin can be explained
using strain ellipsoid.
STRUCTURES OF THE SOUTH SUMATRA
BASIN
Structural Grains
The NW-SE trending cross section of JA-16 seismic
line shows the major normal fault dominated the
structural grains in the Jambi sub-basin forming the
series of half graben (Figure 1). The thickening of
Talang Akar and Lahat formations were showed in
the eastern part of major normal fault as synrift
deposits. The Baturaja limestone followed the
deposition which is showed by strong reflector on
the top formation and underlain the postrift Gumai
Formation. The anticlinal folds in the upper section
indicated the inversion tectonic at the time
deposition of Gumai to Air Benakat formations.
Seismic line of JA-02 and JA-02W on the northern
part and parallel to the seismic line JA-16 shows the

segmentation of basement block going up and down


that was caused by the extension of basin formation
(Figure 2). There is no significantly impact of the
inversion tectonic to the structural development in
the northern part of Jambi sub-basin.
Fault Trends
Detail analysis of the fault lineament (normal fault
and thrust fault) was done to understand the stress
regime forming structural evolution. Time structure
map of the basement, Talang Akar, and Air Benakat
formations are used for analysis. The trend of
structural lineament was plotted in the roset
diagram.
a. Talang Akar Time Structure Map
Totally 43 faults of the Eocene to Oligocene
Talang Akar Formation can be mapped in the
Jambi sub-basin which are consisted of the
normal and thrust fault. Thirty-two normal faults
(74.4% of 43 faults) dominated the structural
pattern in the northern part of Jambi sub-basin
that has trending range from N 00 E to N 150 E or
NNE-SSW direction. The remaining of thrust
fault system occupied 25.6% of total faults
dominantly the N 150 W to N 300 W or NNWSSE trending. The dominantly normal faults in
the South Sumatra basin indicated the extension
stress regime was acted as a major stress.
b. Air Benakat Time Structure Map
Totally 27 faults of the Middle Miocene Air
Benakat can be mapped in the Jambi sub-basin
which are dominated by thrust faults. Twentyfour thrust faults (88.9% of 32 faults) dominated
the structural pattern in the Jambi sub-basin that
has trending range from N 450 E to N 600 E or
NNW-SSE direction. There are only three
normal faults (11.1% of 32 faults), that were
occupied the Middle Miocene structural pattern
in the Jambi sub-basin. The dominated of NNWSSE trending thrust faults that mostly
perpendicular to the normal faults indicated
compression regime at the Middle Miocene to
Pliocene time.
EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURES
Based on the seismic and structural map analysis,
and reconstruction using strain ellipsoids, the
structural evolution in the Jambi sub-basin can be
recognized. There are three stages influencing the
structural history or development.

a. First Order (Pre-Tertiary)


The first structural evolution was taken place
when Sumatra right lateral fault moved actively
in the southern part of the South Sumatra basin
at the Pre-Tertiary. A couple of Lematang and
Setiti-Tembesi fault were formed in this period.
The right lateral Sumatra fault acted as the
principal displacement zone (PDZ) resulted the
WNW-ESE and NE-SW trending faults. Within
this period, the WNW-ESE trending Lematang
fault was formed as synthetic right lateral strike
slip fault relative to the Sumatra major fault. The
NE-SW trending Setiti-Tembesi fault was
formed as antithetic left lateral strike slip fault
relative to the Sumatra major fault (Figure 3).
These faults developed a stress couple between
normal and wrench fault.

b. Second Order (Eocene Oligocene)


The second stage of structural evolution in the
South Sumatra basin was occurred when the
Lematang and Setiti-Tembesi faults acted as
principal displacement zone (PDZ) at the Eocene
to Late Oligocene. In the southern part, the NESW rifting results relatively WNW-ESE horst
and graben along the Lematang fault (Lematang
Trend Fault) (Figure 4). The N-S Kikim, Klingi
and Lembak faults developed as antithetic fault
in the eastern tip of Lematang Fault at the second
order. The PDZ of Setiti-Tembesi fault in the
northern part formed the NNE-SSW horst and
graben actively that dominated the Eocene to
Late Oligocene structural pattern in the Jambi
sub-basin (Setiti-Tembesi Trend Fault) (Figure
5). The extensional phase forming the relatively
WNW-ESE and NNE-SSW horst and graben
would be fill the thick the Eocene to Late
Oligocene deposits.

c. Third Order (Middle Miocene Pliocene)


The third structural evolution was occurred at the
Middle Miocene to Pliocene time dominated by
the NW-SE thrust and reverse faults that
implication of compression phase (Figure 6).
The compressional phase in the South Sumatra
basin formed the relatively NW-SE en echelon
folds that occurred on the younger section. The
Setiti-Tembesi strike slip fault also reactivated
the older faults forming a stress couple of normal
fault but it is not significantly. The dominantly
thrust or reverse faults proved that the

compressional regime occurred in the third order


at the Middle Miocene to Pliocene time.
The structural development in the Jambi sub-basin
that taken place during three stages reflected a
rotation phenomenon at about 450 clock wisely
relative to the Sumatra strike slip fault.
CONCLUSIONS

The NNE-SSW trending normal fault


dominated the structural geology in the Jambi
sub-basin at the Eocene to Late Oligocene time.
The NW-SE trending thrust and reverse faults
dominated the active compressional regime at
the Middle Miocene to Pliocene time relating
the inversion tectonic.
Two structural trends can be recognized that are
Lematang trend and Setiti-Tembesi trend.
The structural development involved three
stages: (1) Pre-Tertiary Sumatra Fault period in
the Pre-Tertiary, (2) Lematang and SetitiTembesi Fault period during the Eocene to Late
Oligocene, and (3) North Jambi period in the
Middle Miocene to Pliocene.
The structural development from the first stage
to the third stage shows a clockwise rotation in
magnitude of 450 relative to the Sumatra great
strike slip fault.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The paper is a summary of structural studies
conducted by the authors when they studied in the
Physic Department UI. The authors would like to
give many thank to Mr Basuki Puspoputro who has
supervised and given valuable discussion, guidance
and suggestions during preparation this paper, and
also made to our friends who provided very helpful
input and support in order to finalize the paper.

REFERENCES CITED
Davies, P. R., 1984. Tertiary structural evolution
and related hydrocarbon occurrences, North
Sumatra Basin: Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum
Association, 13th. Annual Convention, p. 19-49.
Morley, C.K., 2002b. A tectonic model for the
Tertiary evolution of strike-slip faults and rift basins
in SE Asia: Tectonophysics, no. 347, p. 189-215.
Pertamina/BEICIP, 1992. Report on Western
Indonesia.
Wortel, M. J. R., and Cloetingh, S. A. P. L., 1986.
On the dynamics of convergent plate boundaries
and stress in the lithosphere. In Europe Union
Geoscience, et. al., Origin of Arcs, International
Conference in Elsevier Development Geotectonics
Series, No. 21, Urbino, Italy.

Figure 1 - Seismic line 16JA(2) The structural model across Jambi


sub-basin shows the right lateral that act as antithetic
strike-slip relative to the Setiti-Tembesi major strike slip
fault (modified after Pertamina/BEICIP, 1992).

Figure 2 - Seismic line JA-35 across the northern tip of Jambi sub-basin shows the left lateral strike slip that
act a synthetic strike slip relative to the Setiti-Tembesi major strike slip fault (modified after
Pertamina/BEICIP, 1992).

Figure 3 - Strain ellipsoid shows the first order of structural evolution in the South Sumatra basin.

Figure 4 - Strain ellipsoid shows the second order of structural evolution in the Lematang area, closed to the
Palembang sub-basin.

Figure 5 - Strain ellipsoid shows the second order of structural evolution in the Setiti-Tembesi areas,
Jambi sub-basin basin.

Figure 6 - Strain ellipsoid shows the third order of structural evolution in the Setiti-Tembesi areas, Jambi
sub-basin.

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