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Medalla
(July 28, 2012)
Functions of Water
Properties of Water
Coagulation
o Chemical addition, mixing and
flocculation
o Production of flocs
o Principal coagulants used: Alum
& Ferric salts
o Lime & soda ash may be added
to increase alkalinity of water
Sedimentation
o Effluent from flocculation tank
are led to sedimentation tank
o Detention time varies from 2-6
hrs
Management of Sludge
o Sludge: materials that falls to
the bottom of water treatment
tanks
resulted to formation of
reaction by-product
o Other methods:
Boiling
Corrosion Inhibition
o More corrosive because of
addition of coagulants and
chlorine
Ion Exchange
o Resins from both natural &
synthetic sources are used
o Most common are zeolites
Removes Ca and Mg,
replacing them with Na
Examination of Water
Bacteriological
o Most important single test
o Made to detect the presence of
indicator organism
Physical
Chemical
Radiological
Treatment Methods