Geovision Company Profile

COMPANY PROFILE
GREAT AND LASTING SOLUTIONS
Company confidential
2010
2010
Infrastructure Projects Office,
KENYA DATA NETWORKS
Dear Sir/Madam,
INTRODUCTORY LETTER AND COMPANY PROFILE
Geovision Limited is a private company manned by professionals engaged in Civil work Contracts,
Installation and service of advanced Telecommunications products Including Optic Fiber Cable
laying, OFC Splicing, Termination and Testing, installation of CCTV Systems, Installation of
electrical equipments, sourcing, purchasing and supplies, marketing and installation of security
systems and various accessories to disciplined forces, government agencies, as well as to the private
sector.
We have built a reputation as a quality service provider and offer competitive prices to our clients.
We are appointed agents of various multinational manufacturers. This has enabled us to source
efficiently and supply effectively. This has also generated confidence and very good standing with
Government institutions, private companies and other corporations who can testify about our
excellent services.
We look forward to your favorable consideration and an opportunity to do business with your
esteemed Organization.
Yours faithfully,
GEOVISION LTD,
PETER MBUGUA,
DIRECTOR.
Geovision confidential Company profile Page 2

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PROFILE OF THE FIRM

NAME OF THE FIRM: GEOVISION LIMITED
ADDRESS: P.O. Box -45664-00100, NAIROBI, KENYA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS: 17th Floor, View Park Towers, Monrovia Street.
P.O Box 46554-00100, Nairobi.
TEL: 020 – 2608856/59
MOBILE: 0712 009322, 0722 756868, 0721138358
EMAIL: info@geovisionkenya.com
WEBSITE: www.geovisionkenya.com
BANKERS: CFC/Stanbic Bank. – Kenyatta Avenue Branch.
Business Manager – Mr. Kariuki Ndirangu
CONTACT PERSONS: Mr. George Muhia, Mr. Titus Makau,
Mr. Peter Mbugua
SCOPE OF BUSINESS: GEOVISION LTD PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING
SERVICES:
• Telecommunication i.e. Communication Towers,P.A.B.X,

Optic Fiber Cable contracts.
• General Merchants.
• General Construction and Civil Works.
• Renovations, Extensions and Partitions.
• Installation of Security Systems, Electronic and Intrusion
systems.
• Installation of Electrical Appliances.

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Performance and innovation starts here………

GeoVision Limited is fully registered in Kenya under cap 486 and was established as
Telecommunications contractor and equipment Suppliers. It is centrally located in the City of
Nairobi on Utalii lane, Monrovia Street off University Way.
Geo vision limited, a wholly and locally owned company, is a pure testament of entrepreneurial spirit
and quality that defines a regional company today, that offers great deals in project management,
telecommunications, civil works, specialized electronic security, logistics and power automation &
commissioning.
With our extensive sourcing network, diverse product offering and expertise in technology, logistics
and supply-chain management, we enjoy goodwill and capacity to meet all our clients’ needs and
expectations.
Our company is committed to a mission that calls for strategically-focused partnerships with
manufactures for both new and existing customers. The company is focused on continued increase
in the value and quality of services it provides, and expansion and differentiation of our portfolio of
products; services in response to the changing needs of our growing clientele base.
The company is also committed to professional growth of its employees.
Our Vision
To be a leading company in offering customers cutting edge solutions and services they desire
anytime, anywhere.
Our mission
To provide our customers with the most effective and innovative solutions and empower them to
better serve their customers.
Values
Business integrity, superior customer service, community involvement and support, are the
principles in our delivery of long term value.

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To our customers: We share your business

dreams……
Our customers can count on us for world class products, professionalism and reliable services to
ensure that they accomplish their project goals and business objectives.
We partner with our clients to enable better business decisions through team work expertise and
innovations and ensure a win win situations for all.
Customer satisfaction.
Satisfaction and long-term good relations with customers built on mutual trust together form our
highest priority.
Our partners are regularly updated concerning special offers or new products in our portfolio, and
we also offer our clients tailor-made solutions that meet all their requirements in terms of the
technical aspects and contract duration.
When developing new services, our actions are always governed by our customers’ needs.
GeoVision Limited works collaboratively to address specific customer needs. Our aim is to meet the
customers' needs by tailoring our services to individual requirements from the method of ordering
to the timing of Delivery; and our understanding of customers' working practices allow us to ensure
that the systems we set up are both smooth and efficient.
Over time, GeoVision Limited has gained an enviable reputation for high quality service whilst
maintaining a competitive pricing structure.
Our relationship with the client does not end with the delivery; we always endeavor to nurture a
mutual relationship.
Today, we can handle more than Kshs 100,000,000 million in contract business and supplies
annually. Whether engaged simply to deliver products more efficiently, or to design a
customized delivery system from bulk distribution to low unit of measure, just-in-time or
stockless services, we have the capacity and capability to respond to any client with quality
and value.

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Our Services
1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS.
► For GSM network sites, our company offers Design and implementation,
consulting, project management, RF installations and commissioning and
maintenance and support.
Geovision is a one stop Telecom Network Planning and Design to Operations & Maintenance
provider. We offer a complete range of services for telecom networks.
Since inception, we have persistently and continuously achieved substantial growth. Geovision’s
human and technical resources have also grown at the same rate as does the expansion of business.
With Project Management, Radio Frequency (RF) Engineering, Telecom Shelters assembly,
Engineering Constructions and Projects, Engineering Services and Operations & Maintenance
GeoVision has become a one-stop provider for all Telecom solutions.
Project Management Services (PMS)
GeoVision PMS has a well-experienced Project Management team, which can manage all the
activities of a given project right from Site Survey to Site Integration. This helps an Operator /
Client in having optimum manpower and relaying on the Project Management in executing the
project successfully in time.
Organization Structure :

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The Project Management Services Team is organized to cater for various activities covered in the
scope of Project Management of Cell Sites as per the Customer requirements. The PMS general
Organization Structure is as follows:
Scope of Work:
Scope of Work consists of following activities:
• Site preliminary survey along with site acquisition team of the Customer
• Site Detailed Survey
• Site Lay-out & Preparation
• Soil Testing & Investigation
• Structural Analysis & Design
• Layout design & Drawings of equipment etc.
• Preparation of Bill of Quantities & Bill of Services.
• Quality check on all items used in the project at site and at the Suppliers' Factory (at
request by Operators).
• Planning, Scheduling, Execution, Monitoring & Controlling and Analyzing & Reporting
(MIS-Management Information System)

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• Liaison with State Electricity Boards for obtaining required Power connection.
• Obtain No Objection Certificate (NOC) from local statutory bodies for setting up of Cell
Site(s).
• Site Security / Safeguard Provision.
• Finalization of equipment specifications, works in consultation with technical and
commercial teams of the Customer
• Preparation of schedules and co co-ordination with all suppliers & sub-contractors
contractors
• Co-ordination
ordination with all Liaisoning & other agencies
• Prototype inspections and approval in coordination with Customer
• Planning & Scheduling of Materials Management
• Supervision of Civil, Electrical, Structural (Tower) and installations of other equipment
• Quality inspections and audit
• Co-ordination
rdination with all suppliers and Subcontractors for liquidation of punch points
• Site Acceptance Test (AT) and documentation
• Accomplish Site Ready For Installation (RFI)
• Site inspection report
• Final inspection & Handover of site
• Bills verification and certification
• Project Documentation.
RF Planning, Transmission planning and Network Design
GeoVisions’ RF Engineering Resources use state

state-of-the-art
art industry standard tools for design,
planning and testing the networks to ensure that the network design meets the network
performance objectives of the customer.

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Network Planning Tools
• Aircoms’ Asset planning tool

• Forsk Atoll planning tool
• Aircoms’ Connect link planner
• Pathloss 4.0
RF Optimization and KPI Analysis
RF Optimization
Geovision offers RF Optimization Services for existing / new GSM and CDMA network
operators. This activity is also taken as a continuous RF engineering activity for preventative
maintenance and it also ensures optimum network performance to me meet
et the Quality of Service
(QoS)) targets of the customer.
• Quality of Service (QOS) targets: Coverage of Service Area: Urban areas, in buildings,
suburban areas, roads and rural areas as per the Operators’ specifications
• Call Success Rate as per the operators’ specifications
• Minimizing Handover failures as per the operators’ specifications
• Rx quality as per the operators’ specifications
• Network quality for higher speech quality index
• Satisfied customers resulting in lo
low churn
• Efficient network utilization and reduced investment costs, to ensure increased revenue
and decreased expenses for the customers
KPI Analysis
Geovision offers Key Performance Indicators, also known as KPI. These are the measures for
network performance
formance and will be achieved through network optimization for the targets from
the Network Operator / customer. KPI helps an organization to define and measure progress
toward organizational goals. Once an organization has analyzed its mission, identified all its
stakeholders and defined its goals, it needs a way to measure progress toward those goals. Key
Performance Indicators are those measurements.

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Engineering Constructions & Projects
Geovisions Engineering Construction and Projects division (ECP) provides you with complete
turnkey solutions for telecom sites. Our Engineers have put in years of experience in design,
engineering and manufacturing honed by our state of art production facilities and we can meet any
challenge from our customers as per their requirements. ECP division has made its mark with an
immaculate reputation for providing quality services, meeting delivery deadlines, and for providing a
competitive pricing system that caters for your specific needs and incorporates variables in the
dynamic Telecommunications industry.
Our professional staff focuses on providing you with turnkey telecom solutions for cell sites. Our
structural engineers adhere to strict customer specifications for the integrity and reliability of the
products.
Our team spirit makes it possible to provide our customers with:
• Turnkey solutions for telecommunication network, right from site civil survey to
completion of the site
• Excellent customer service
Scope Of Work by Geovisions Engineering Constructions and Projects
• Site detailed survey and foundation design

• Implementation of Tower, Shelter and DG Foundation and other related civil works
• Tower Erection and Painting
• Earthing System Development for Cell site
• Indoor and outdoor electrical work

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• Supply and Installation of class-B infrastructure items like A/Cs, DGs, batteries, rectifiers,
stabilizer
• Electrical liaison, municipal approvals
• Obtaining municipality approvals
• Filing applications to Wireless Statutory Bodies
• Obtaining Acceptance Test certificate from end customer
Operation & Maintenance
Our teams at Operation and Maintenance Business Unit endeavor to provide flexible, integrated,
dependable, quality and responsive solutions for the Operation and Maintenance requirements for
telecom industry. We are committed to provide cost effective solutions to excel customer
expectation and satisfaction. The fact that we repeatedly get business of Operation and
Maintenance from telecom industry is testimonial enough that the mark of the quality of the
solutions provided by our project specific teams is very high.
The brilliance of work done so far shows that we are bound to scale newer heights. With our
expertise in the field as the backup, we are in a position to provide A to Z solutions in Operation
and Maintenance segment in telecom industry.

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Why Geovision O&M?
• FLEXIBILITY: We are highly adaptable and flexible and we can create tailor made projects to suit
the quality, time or budget you look for, in close coordination with your staff.
• INTEGRATION: We package our services to meet multi-disciplinary tasks, cashing on the in-house
expertise with innovative, Imaginative and practical problem solving skills and solutions for value
additions.
• QUALITY: We follow ISO 9001- 2008 QMS (SOP) Standard Operating Procedures. The most
important function of our senior staff is to ensure the quality of work at the office or at the Site
Undertaken for strict compliance of SOP.
• EXPERIENCE: Impeccable record of experience for our staff over years.
• A PROFESSIONAL COMPANY: We are a highly professional service oriented company. We
believe in setting standards in achieving the overall goals of customer as per their expectations. We are
committed to satisfying them with continual improvement programs and to maintain cordial relations
• MANPOWER: We have a large pool of talented, skilled and trained manpower. They regularly
provide value added services to our customers. Our employees are encouraged for their new and
challenging ideas. A work environment characterized by respect for the individual, a strong work ethics
and client empathy is encouraged. Our teams with their unique blend of knowledge, enthusiasm and
ambition turn our company the forerunner in the industry

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2. CIVIL WORKS.
The civil department comprises of highly skilled engineers who translates actual site drawings
and soil tests into an actual site. The department is also responsible of ensuring the compliance
to required standards’ in materials testing and supervision of concrete works and cube tests.
Other Civil works include: Excavation and backfilling of trenches, ducting, construction of
manholes (Brick/ undressed stones), Thrust boring, Road /River crossing, Installation of HDPE
pipes, PVC and Reinstatements of roads.
We also provide site maintenance and support services in all civil works, site fabrications, power
and electrical and earthing of site.

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3. OPTIC FIBER CABLE WORKS.
The government and private institutions have invested heavily in the fiber optics cable
backbone and hence the need to make these efforts right.
GeoVision has invested in all the equipments needed and has Certified Fiber Optics
technicians, with wealth of experience in the field, who ensure that all works, are perfect and
according to the standards in laying and operation of cables.
Geovision Ltd Optics Fiber works includes:
• Installation and defending of OFC – ISP/OSP

• Blowing of OFC
• Splicing
• Terminating
• Testing OFC.
Fujikura 60s Splicing Team OFC

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STRUCTURED NETWORK CABLING

GeoVision Limited is appointed as an authorized installer for the Structured Cabling Systems and as
such appointed for the System warranty program. This program gives a warranty of 15-20 years for
structured cabling installations designed and installed by Geovision Limited. Geovision has
proposed a total solution for all the cabling products, both copper and fiber Optic.
Our Structured Cabling System is a complete package of products that includes:
1. Design,
2. Engineering
3. Installation services for customer premises wiring.
As part of the our Structured Cabling System, the UTP CAT 6 plus Product Family exceeds the
highest measure of performance available over Category 6 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable.
Individually, these products perform substantially above industry standards for Category 6
applications. Installed as Structured Cabling System, the CAT 6 Product Family assures maximum
performance over your entire network because this is the only comprehensive collection of products
specifically designed and manufactured by the same vendor to complement each other in premises
networking applications.
It is important to note that Geovision installs comprehensive cabling systems based on

internationally recognized standards and not a mere discrete group of components that have never
being tested together as a system.
The Structured cabling system consists of the transmission network inside a building or campus of
buildings. It connects voice and data communications, video and building automation devices,
switching equipment and other information management systems to one another as well as to
outside communications networks. It includes all the cabling and associated distribution
components between the point where the building wiring connects to the outside network or
Telephone Company lines and the voice, data and video terminals at work locations. The system
also serves a building or group of buildings on a campus-like premise.
Our Structured cabling system consists of various families of components, including transmission
media, circuit administration hardware, connectors, jacks, plugs, adapters, transmission electronics,
electrical protection devices and support hardware. These components are used to build elements,
each having a specific purpose that allows easy implementation and smooth transition to enhance
distribution technology as the communications requirements change. Structured cabling system is
independent of the equipment it serves and is capable of interconnecting many different devices,

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including data terminals, analog and digital telephones, personal computers and host computers,
security systems, as well as system common equipment.
Structured Cabling System presents the following advantages.
1. It has an open architecture allowing for easy expandability. Structured cabling system is modular,
designed with growth and rearrangement in mind. It uses a star topology and conforms to EIA/TIA
568A /B Commercial Building Standard.
2. Structured Cabling System adheres to local and international standards
3. Structured Cabling System is a total solution without requiring components from other
manufacturers.
STAR TOPOLOGY
The star topology of our structured cabling system can be broken down into the following
subsystems.
1. Horizontal Cabling subsystem consisting the horizontal wiring from the administration
points to the telecommunications outlet. The media commonly used is CAT 5/CAT6 UTP
or fiber optic cable (fiber to the desk)
2. Backbone cabling subsystem consisting of the connections between administration points
within a building or within a campus setup.
3. Work Area subsystem consisting of the telecommunications outlets and the patch cables
used to connect terminal equipment to the Telecommunications outlets.
4. Administration subsystem consisting of patch panels and patch cords. It is used to
connect the horizontal and backbone subsystems to the active Network devices like
switches.
5. Equipment Room subsystem consisting of Cabinets, air conditioning and associated
equipment.
Horizontal Cabling
We install our horizontal solutions based on CAT 6 PLUS UTP cabling capable of transmitting data
up to 1000 Mbps therefore offering support for Gigabit Ethernet to the desktop in the future
should the AFC require to move in this direction. . It uses a star topology and conforms to
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568B and ISO 11801 Commercial Building Standards.
During installation, the UTP cables will:

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BE installed so that they can move if pulled firmly

NOT be crushed using cable ties
NOT be overfilled in the conduits
BE installed in the trucking and will not be seen outside the trunkings
NOT be joined or spliced
In addition;
5 user patch cords on each wing will be 5 meters long with the balance being 3 meters catering for
any workstation requiring long patch cords.
Data outlets shall be flush mounted on the trunking.
A double faceplate will be installed configured with two modules for data and voice.
BACKBONE CABLING
Geovision Limited back-bone cabling installation is based on 8-core 50/125um multimode fiber
Optic cables for the data backbone. All the strands will be terminated at each end of the cable.
The fiber cable proposed has sufficient bandwidth capacity that will support current system
requirements and also support future system requirements. The fiber has initially been configured to
support Gigabit Ethernet. The fiber cable will be protected from external interference by use of
Metal conduits to be installed in the riser.
The proposed solution will offer easy administration and superior performance by following design
and installation guidelines as indicated below;
Deployment of fiber optic patch panels and patch cords at all the administration points.
The Multimode fiber optic cables will be terminated on multimode SC. This will ensure uniform
continuity of the fiber core from end to end avoiding unnecessary signal loss.
Fiber Optic cables will be terminated using the Hot Melt method of termination. Hot Melt
termination is the modern way of terminating fiber optic cables

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42U CABINET
ROUTING
In computer networking the term routing refers to selecting paths in a computer network along
which to send data.
Routing directs forwarding, the passing of logically addressed packets from their source network,
toward their ultimate destination through inter
intermediary
mediary nodes; typically hardware devices called
routers. The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basis of routing tables which
maintain a record of the best routes to various network destinations. Thus constructing routing
tables, which are held in the routers' memory, becomes very important for efficient routing.
Routing differs from bridging in its assumption that address

address-structures
structures imply the proximity of
similar addresses within the network, thus allowing a single routing
routing-table
table entry to represent
re the
route to a group of addresses. Therefore, routing outperforms bridging in large networks, and it has
become the dominant form of pathpath-discovery on the Internet.
Small networks may involve manually configured routing tables, while larger networks
network involve
complex topologies and may change constantly, making the manual construction of routing tables
very problematic. Nevertheless, most of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) uses pre-
pre
computed routing tables, with fallback routes if the most direct route becomes blocked; see routing
in the PSTN. Dynamic routing attempts to solve this problem by constructing routing tables
automatically, based on information carried by routing protocols, and allowing the network to act
nearly autonomously in avoiding
voiding network failures and blockages

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Dynamic routing dominates the Internet.

However, the configuration of the routing
protocols often requires a skilled touch; one
should not suppose that networking technology
has developed to the point of the complete
comple
automation of routing.
Packet-switched
switched networks, such as the Internet,
split data up into packets, each labeled with the
complete destination address and each routed
individually. Circuit switched networks, such as
the voice telephone network, also perform
perf
routing, in order to find paths for circuits (such
as telephone calls) over which they can send
large amounts of data without continually repeating the complete destination address.
Traditional IP routing stays relatively simple because it uses next

next-hop
op routing where the router only
needs to consider where it sends the packet, and does not need to consider the subsequent path of
the packet on the remaining hops. However, more complex routing strategies can be, and are, often
used in systems such as MPLS, S, ATM or Frame Relay, which are sometimes used as underlying
technologies to support IP networks.
SECURITY AND VPN
VPN
Virtual private networks can be a cost effective and secure way for different corporations to
provide users access to the corporate network and for remote networks to communicate with each
other across the Internet.
VPN connections are more cost-effective
effective than dedicated private lines; usually a VPN involves 2
parts:
1. The protected or "inside" network, which provides physical and ad administrative
ministrative security to
protect the transmission.
2. A less trustworthy, "outside" network or segment (usually through the Internet).

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Generally, a firewall sits between a remote user's workstation or client and the host network or
server. As the user's client establishes the communication with the firewall, the client may pass
authentication data to an authentication service inside the perimeter.
A known trusted person, sometimes only when using trusted devices, can be provided with
appropriate security privileges to access resources not available to general users.
Many VPN client programs can be configured to require that all IP traffic must pass through the
tunnel while the VPN connection is active, for increased security. From the user's perspective, this
means that while the VPN connection is active, all access outside the secure network must pass
through the same firewall as if the user were physically connected to the inside of the secured
network.
This reduces the risk that an attacker might gain access to the secured network by attacking the
VPN client's host machine: to other computers on employee’s home network, or on the public
internet, it is as though the machine running the VPN client simply does not exist.
Such security is important because other computers local to the network on which the client
computer is operating may be untrusted or partially trusted. Even with a home network that is
protected from the outside internet by a firewall, people who share a home may be simultaneously
working for different employers over their respective VPN connections from the shared home
network.
Each employer would therefore want to ensure their proprietary data is kept secure, even if another
computer in the local network gets infected with malware. And if a traveling employee uses a VPN
client from a Wi-Fi access point in a public place, such security is even more important. However,
the use of IPX/SPX is one way users might still be able to access local resources.
Types of VPN:
Secure VPNs use cryptographic tunneling protocols to provide the intended confidentiality
(blocking snooping and thus Packet sniffing), sender authentication (blocking identity spoofing),
and message integrity (blocking message alteration) to achieve privacy. When properly chosen,
implemented, and used, such techniques can provide secure communications over unsecured
networks. This has been the usually intended purpose for VPN for some years.

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Because such choice, implementation, and use are not trivial, there are many insecure VPN
schemes available on the market.
Secure VPN technologies may also be used to enhance security as a "security overlay" within
dedicated networking infrastructures
Secure VPN protocols include the following:
IP sec (IP security) - commonly used over IPv4, and an obligatory part of IPv6.
SSL/TLS used either for tunneling the entire network stack, as in the OpenVPN project,
or for securing what is, essentially, a web proxy. SSL is a framework more often associated
with e-commerce, but it has been built-upon by vendors like Aventail and Juniper to
provide remote access VPN capabilities.
A major practical advantage of an SSL-based VPN is that it can be accessed from any
public wireless access point that allows access to SSL-based e-commerce websites, whereas
other VPN protocols may not work from such public access points.
Open VPN, an open standard VPN. Clients and servers are available for all major
operating systems.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), developed jointly by a number of companies,
including Microsoft.
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol), which includes work by both Microsoft and Cisco.
L2TPv3 (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol version 3), a new release.
VPN Quarantine
The client machine at the end of a VPN could be a threat and a source of attack; this has no
connection with VPN design and is usually left to system administration efforts. There are
solutions that provide VPN Quarantine services which run end point checks on the remote
client while the client is kept in a quarantine zone until healthy. Microsoft ISA Server
2004/2006 together with VPN-Q 2006 from Winfrasoft or an application called QSS
(Quarantine Security Suite) provide this functionality.

2010
MPVPN (Multi Path Virtual Private Network). MPVPN is a registered trademark owned by
Ragula Systems Development Company. See Trademark Applications and Registrations Retrieval
(TARR)
Some large ISPs now offer "managed" VPN service for business customers who want the security
and convenience of a VPN but prefer not to undertake administering a VPN server themselves. In
addition to providing remote workers with secure access to their employer's internal network, other
security and management services are sometimes included as part of the package. Examples include
keeping anti-virus and anti-spyware programs updated on each client's computer.
Trusted VPNs do not use cryptographic tunneling, and instead rely on the security of a single
provider's network to protect the traffic. In a sense, these are an elaboration of traditional network
and system administration work.
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is often used to build trusted VPN.

L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding), developed by Cisco, can also be used.
Mobile VPN – A secure remote access solution designed for mobile and wireless users. A Mobile
Virtual Private Network (Mobile VPN) integrates standards-based authentication and encryption
technologies to secure data transmissions to and from devices and to protect networks from
unauthorized users. Designed for wireless environments, Mobile VPNs are designed as an access
solution for users that are on the move and require secure access to information and applications
over a variety of wired and wireless networks.
Mobile VPNs allow users to roam seamlessly across IP-based networks and in and out of wireless
coverage areas without losing application sessions or dropping the secure VPN session. For
instance, highway patrol officers require access to mission-critical applications in order to perform
their jobs as they travel across networks.
Wireless LAN solutions

One type of wireless network is a wireless LAN, or Local Area Network. Similar to other wireless
devices, it uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth between computers on the
same network as was the case for ALOHANET.

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Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM)
The GSM network is divided into three major systems which are the switching system, the base
station system, and the operation and support system (Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM)). The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation
and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred where it
needs to go (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)). This is used for cellular phones, is
the most common standard and is used for a majority of cellular providers.
Personal Communications Service (PCS)
PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America. Sprint happened to be
the first service to set up a PCS.
D-AMPS
D-AMPS, which stands for Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, is an upgraded version of
AMPS but it is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are
replacing the older system.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless network in computer systems which enable connection to the
internet or other machines that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves
that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers that are attached to different computers.
Fixed Wireless Data

Fixed wireless data is a type of wireless data network that can be used to connect two or more
buildings together in order to extend or share the network bandwidth without physically wiring the
buildings together
LAN SWITCHING
Layer 2 switching
Layer 2 switching is hardware based, which means it uses the media access control address (MAC
address) from the host's network interface cards (NICs) to decide where to forward frames.
Switches use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to build and maintain filter tables (also
known as MAC address tables). One way to think of a layer 2 switch is as a multi port bridge.

2010
Layer 2 switching provides the following:
Hardware-based bridging (MAC)

Wire speed
High speed
Low latency
Low cost
Layer 2 switching is highly efficient because there is no modification to the data packet, only to the
frame encapsulation of the packet, and only when the data packet is passing through dissimilar
media (such as from Ethernet to FDDI). Layer 2 switching is used for workgroup connectivity and
network segmentation (breaking up collision domains). This allows a flatter network design with
more network segments than traditional 10BaseT shared networks. Layer 2 switching has helped
develop new components in the network infrastructure:
SERVER FARMS
Servers are no longer distributed to physical locations because virtual LANs can be created to create
broadcast domains in a switched internet work. This means that all servers can be placed in a central
location, yet a certain server can still be part of a workgroup in a remote branch, for example.
Intranets - Allows organization-wide client/server communications based on a Web technology.
These new technologies are allowing more data to flow off of local subnets and onto a routed
network, where a router's performance can become the bottleneck.
Limitations of layer 2 switching

Layer 2 switches have the same limitations as bridge networks. Remember that bridges are good if a
network is designed by the 80/20 rule: users spend 80 percent of their time on their local segment.
Bridged networks break up collision domains, but the network remains one large broadcast domain.
Similarly, layer 2 switches (bridges) cannot break up broadcast domains, which can cause
performance issues and limits the size of your network. Broadcast and multicasts, along with the
slow convergence of spanning tree, can cause major problems as the network grows. Because of
these problems, layer 2 switches cannot completely replace routers in the internet work.

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Layer 3 switching
The only difference between a layer 3 switch and a router is the way the administrator creates the
physical implementation. Also, traditional routers use microprocessors to make forwarding
decisions, and the switch performs only hardware-based packet switching. However, some
traditional routers can have other hardware functions as well in some of the higher-end models.
Layer 3 switches can be placed anywhere in the network because they handle high-performance
LAN traffic and can cost-effectively replace routers. Layer 3 switching is all hardware-based packet
forwarding, and all packet forwarding is handled by hardware ASICs.
Layer 3 switches really are no different functionally than a traditional router and perform the same
functions, which are listed here:
Determine paths based on logical addressing

Run layer 3 checksums (on header only)
Use Time to Live (TTL)
Process and responds to any option information
Can update Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) managers with Management
Information Base (MIB) information
Provide Security
The benefits of layer 3 switching include the following:
Hardware-based packet forwarding

High-performance packet switching
High-speed scalability
Low latency
Lower per-port cost
Flow accounting
Security
Quality of service (QoS)

2010
Layer 4 switching
Layer 4 switching is considered a hardware-based layer 3 switching technology that can also consider
the application used (for example, Telnet or FTP).
Layer 4 switching provides additional routing above layer 3 by using the port numbers found in the
Transport layer header to make routing decisions.
These port numbers are found in Request for Comments (RFC) 1700 and reference the upper-layer
protocol, program, or application.
Layer 4 information has been used to help make routing decisions for quite a while. For example,
extended access lists can filter packets based on layer 4 port numbers. Another example is
accounting information gathered by Net Flow switching in Cisco's higher-end routers.
The largest benefit of layer 4 switching is that the network administrator can configure a layer 4
switch to prioritize data traffic by application, which means a QoS can be defined for each user.
For example, a number of users can be defined as a Video group and be assigned more priority, or
band-width, based on the need for videoconferencing.
However, because users can be part of many groups and run many applications, the layer 4 switches
must be able to provide a huge filter table or response time would suffer. This filter table must be
much larger than any layer 2 or 3 switch. A layer 2 switch might have a filter table only as large as
the number of users connected to the network may be even less if some hubs are used within the
switched fabric. However, a layer 4 switch might have five or six entries for each and every device
connected to the network. If the layer 4 switch does not have a filter table that includes all the
information, the switch will not be able to produce wire-speed results.
Multi-layer switching (MLS)

Multi-layer switching combines layer 2, 3, and 4 switching technologies and provides high-speed
scalability with low latency. It accomplishes this high combination of high-speed scalability with low
latency by using huge filter tables based on the criteria designed by the network administrator.

2010
Multi-layer switching can move traffic at wire speed and also provide layer 3 routing, which can
remove the bottleneck from the network routers. This technology is based on the idea of route
once, switch many. Multi-layer switching can make routing/switching decisions based on the
following:
MAC source/destination address in a Data Link frame

IP source/destination address in the Network layer header
Protocol filed in the Network layer header
Port source/destination numbers in the Transport layer header
There is no performance difference between a layer 3 and a layer 4 switch because the
routing/switching is all hardware based
PROPOSED WORKPLAN FOR DESIGN OF STRUCTURED CABLING

Designing a Structured Cabling System.
Step 1: Which group of standards will we conform to?

European Union CENELEC EN standards America ANSI/TIA/EIA standards Canada CSA
standards Australia/New Zealand AS/NZ standards Rest of the World ISO/IEC standards
The three principle design standards give the details of how to design and specify a structured
cabling standard, they are;
• ISO 11801
• EN 50173
• TIA/EIA 568-A or 568-B
BICSI - these standards in turn however refer to hundreds of other standards relating to component
specifications, fire performance, testing methods, containment systems etc.
Step 2: Horizontal cabling - Basic rules

Four-pair cables are run from user positions to a patch panel. At the patch panel, patch cords link
into the active LAN equipment or into backbone cabling. The user position has a wall outlet or floor
outlet, and this links into the PC on your desk via another patch cord. The outlet is a called a TO
(Telecommunications Outlet) and contains an eight way plug meeting IEC 60603-7, more
commonly referred to as an RJ-45.
• Two data and voice outlets per work area for each data point.
• Two outlets per 10 square meters of useable floor space
• Outlets to be within 3 meters of the user station
• Both outlets to be RJ 45
• Max cable run to be 150 m
• Max total length of patch cords at both ends of the link to be 5 m
• Cable and RJ45 to be Cat6 plus grade

2010
Options
Cat 6 plus or optical fibers can be used
If optical fiber, select 8 core 50/125 um or 62.5/125 multimode
If using fiber select SC or ST connectors
Cat 6plus/Class E can be specified
Cat 6plus Cable can be unscreened, UTP, Foil screened, FTP, or Foil and Braid screened S-FTP.
Cable fire performance will be:

1. IEC 332-1
2. IEC 332-1, IEC 754, IEC 1034
3. IEC 332-3-c. IEC 754, IEC 1034
4. UL 910 plenum
Each grade, in ascending order, has a better performance in fire situations
Step 3: Backbone Cabling

All of the horizontal cables are star-wired back to Telecommunications Closets or Floor Distributors
where they are terminated in patch panels. These patch panels are connected together via the
building backbone cabling which can be up to 500 meters long.
It can be copper cable but is more likely to be optical fiber, either multimode or single mode. The
kind of cables and the number of cores needs to be decided. If fiber is chosen, a loss budget should
help you make your decision
Step 4: Campus Cabling

The campus cabling links different buildings together. It can be up to 1500 m long. It can be copper
cable but is more likely to be optical fiber, either multimode or single mode. The kind of cables and
the number of cores needs to be decided.

2010
Step 5: Positioning and design of Telecommunications Closets to link horizontal and

backbone cabling.
Positioning and design of the equipment room as a central focus for the main computing, LAN and
PABX equipment.
Positioning and design of the Service Entrance facility whereby outdoor cables are terminated and
the point of demarcation between customers owned equipment and the PTT cables is defined.
Step 6: Cable containment system
How will the cables be protected? Within buildings the choices are:
• Cable trays
• wire basket/raceway
• cable ladders
• J hooks
• conduit
• dado rails
• 150mm * 50mm Metal trunkings
• raised floors
• suspended ceilings
The following must be taken into account:

• the density and volume of cables to be organized
• the aesthetic appearance of the cabling within offices and other visible areas
• economics of different schemes
• proximity to power cables and other potential sources of interference
• fire stopping
Useful standards are:
• TIA/EIA 569 Commercial building standard for telecommunications pathways and spaces
• EN 50174 Information technology – cabling installation
For external applications the choices are:
• underground cable ducts
• direct buried cable trench
• concrete cable trough
• self supporting aerial cable
• supported aerial cable, i.e. catenary or messenger wire
• fixed to building exteriors
•
In all cases, we will ensure that all civil work has been carried out, rights of way established and
availability of cable ducts and manholes established.

2010
Step 7: Cable Administration system
The cabling and its containment system will be clearly identified and their locations, routes and
capabilities recorded in a cable administration system. This usually involves a logical numbering
scheme that can be applied to all cables, outlets, patch panels and even containment systems.
Various color schemes are also available.
These schemes can be paper based but for the larger installations then a computer based system is
advisable. There are several proprietary solutions on the market which offer various database and
graphical methods for keeping track of cabling assets. Some systems are also active in that they can
detect moves and changes and automatically update the database.
Useful standards are:
• TIA/EIA-606 Administration standard for the telecommunications infrastructure of commercial buildings
• EN 50174 Information technology – cabling installation
Step 8: Earthing Scheme
All exposed metallic elements of the cable system and cable containment system will be earthed
(grounded) for safety and also electromagnetic compatibility requirements. If screened cables are
used then special attention must be given to effective bonding of the screening elements. Poorly
earthed screened cabling may behave worse than unscreened cabling.
An electrically ‘clean’ earth must be available at all points where the cabling is terminated, but
especially within telecommunication closets, equipment rooms and service entrances. A clean earth
is usually defined as a conductive element with not more than 1 volt rms potential difference
between it and the real earth down below. Copper cabling linking two different buildings can suffer
from earth loops if the ground potential is different. Non-metallic optical cabling is usually picked
for problem areas such as these.
Some useful standards are:

• PrEN50303 Application of equipotential bonding and earthing at premises with information technology
equipment
• PrEN50174-2 Information Technology, Cabling installation, part 2, Installation, planning and practices
inside buildings
• TIA/EIA-607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications

2010
Step 9: Testing regime

All cables are tested to demonstrate compliance with the standards and specification to which they
were bought. Testing can be split into copper cable testing and optical fiber testing. Ideally all cables
are 100% tested.
Copper cables.
There are manufacturers of hand held copper cable testers that will automatically test the installed
cable plant for all the expected parameters. By the use of a remote injector, the cabling is tested
from both ends, which is a condition of the standards. The cabling has to pass all of the suite of
tests to be awarded and overall pass. Points to remember are;
What is being tested? The channel (i.e. end-to-end including all the patch cords) or the basic link (i.e.
the permanently installed cable from outlet to patch panel). The test figures are different for each
setting. It is usually more practical to test the basic link (also referred to as the permanent link).
What level is being tested? The tester should normally be set to Cat6plus.
The results are stored electronically and must be in a format recognizable by the cable management
software that comes with the tester. There are now numerous test standards and draft standards.
The most influential is likely to be;
IEC 61935 Generic specification for the testing of balanced generic cabling in accordance with
ISO/IEC 11801
The tests required are; IEC 61935 Wire Map X Attenuation X; NEXT pair to pair X; NEXT Power
sum X; ELFEXT air to pair X; ELFEXT Power sum X; Return Loss X; Propagation Delay X;
Delay Skew X;DC Loop Resistance X. Cable length and ACR are also useful additions to this set of
tests.
Optical cables
All that needs to be tested with short distance multimode optical cables is attenuation. This can be
achieved by a device called a Light source and power meter (LSPM). This device will simply
measure the absolute loss across the optical link. This then has to be compared with the design value
of attenuation. If the tested value is less than the design value then the link can be seen to be
acceptable.
Optical Time Domain Reflect meters (OTDR) can give a great deal of information about optical
fibers, but for short haul multimode fiber they are an expensive overkill that gives results that need
expert interpretation. An OTDR remains an essential tool for fault finding.

2010
Step 10: Final thoughts

The design of the cabling system in-step with the LAN aspirations of the end user?
For example, Cat5e is the minimum performance grade suitable for gigabit Ethernet.
Standard Cat5e cable may not have sufficient delay skew performance for RGB video systems
however.
Cat 6 plus cabling will give a longer service life due to its higher performance, but at an initial higher
cost.
Some optical fiber LANs, e.g. gigabit Ethernet cannot transmit over the full distance allowed in
standards based optical structured cabling. These LAN limitations have to be taken into account.
The next generation of 10 gigabit Ethernet will need a new generation of optical fiber to make it
work.
The best way to ensure success in a structured cabling installation is to use properly trained people
to design, implement and test the system. The RCDD qualification from BICSI is the only
qualification which covers all aspects of structured cabling design and implementation.
The above information is offered as a summary of ISO 11801 and related standards. It is not a
definitive design guide and does not replace study and implementation of the Standards themselves.
The publisher accepts no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. To purchase the full Standards
go to your national standards body, e.g. British Standards Institution, Netherlands Normalization
Institute etc. or ISO.

2010
25 Year Communications Channel Warranty
We provide for today’s networking needs with the added security of a 15-20 year system channel
warranty. Installers are trained to the highest standard so as to maintain a consistently high level of
system performance. The 20-year system warranty applies to structured cabling installations that
have been carried out by an approved Channel Partner with 100% products and conforming to all
requirements.
Features & Benefits of the GeoVision Channel Warranty:
• 15 - 20 Year System Warranty
• Covers both copper and fiber systems and applications
• IEC fire ratings
• 100% installer test; 100% review
• Transferable Warranty
• Extended distance capability with both copper and fiber
• Exceeds all the latest published and draft standards
• ISO11801 2nd Edition
• EN 50173 2nd Edition
• TIA/EIA 568B
• Suitable for all Gigabit capable LANs
• Third party approved cables, components and patch cords
• OM1, OM2, OM3 and OS1 fibre options
• Screened and unscreened copper cable options
• Reduced flammability, zero halogen options to IEC 60332-1 and IEC 60332-3C
• Comprehensive Technical Support together with, copper and optical training programs.

2010
4. ELECTRONIC SECURITY.
This department comprises experienced project managers, who have had exposure to various works of
different magnitudes, and who are versatile in the use of a variety of electronic security, surveillance and
access control systems
Some of our major Clients are:
1. Multinational corporations
2. Banks/Investments places
3. Factories/Plants
4. Private homes/mansions
5. Hotels
Engineered Video Surveillance

(CCTV)
Total digital video and audio recording system that provides continuous CCTV recording, archiving and
debriefing capabilities that meets the needs of today’s demanding security environment. The complete high-
level security solution (stand-alone CCTV systems), which provides visual display of specific areas of plants
or buildings.
Major brands installed;
Proline UK, Samsung, Bosch, ganz, gkb, Sony,

2010
Enterprise Access Control & Hospitality Systems

Fully networked online access control systems.
Designed to incorporate all the necessary peripheral devices to control, monitor and have visual
display of the plant or building. Complete recording of event information.
This system provides the total integrated access control and alarm monitoring system for any
organizations.
Only authorized personnel will have access to your doors.

2010
Asset Tracking Systems

A system, which provides management with the necessary tools to control assets within the
organization.
Designated areas, through access points, are mentioned for assets being transported from one
area to another by readers and tags attached to the asset.
Assets can also be monitored for removal from fixed designated workstations or rates.
Stand Alone Access Control

Designed to client specifications the system provides and effective means of controlling access to
designated areas with the appropriate levels of security maintained

2010
Biometric time and attendance systems

Integration of Biometric Time and Attendance Systems, strengthened by strong partnerships
with key software companies that operate in our regions.
Brands installed;
Fingetec, bioscpt
Fire Detection and Intrusion Detection System

Conventional Fire Detection
We provide photoelectric, ionization smoke detectors and heat detectors, which are fully
compatible with existing conventional panels.
Analogue Addressable Fire Detection
Single or multiple zones with high-level control of all devices on the system. Inter facing
capabilities with other building systems. PC interface with monitoring of alarm and fault
conditions.
We provide Products depending on customer requirements.

2010
Public Address & Evacuation System

In an emergency situation communication is vitally important.
The public address and evacuation systems provide the facility for predefined audible warnings and
announcements.
The system can also be used for general information announcements.
Intercom Systems
Intercom Systems are designed to provide facilities with communication to the occupants of
a plant/ building.
Audio devices are located throughout the plant or building ensuring effective
communication to all areas.

2010
Intrusion systems
State-of-the-art monitoring and intrusion systems provide a secure environment for the modern day
business. With full monitoring of points of access and perimeters the system ensures point control
of access to the plant or building and is maintained effectively.
Brands installed; Rokonet, veritas, DSC, crow, Sterling 10, Honeywell

2010
5. POWERAUTOMATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS.
► Design/ Maintenance of Installations, equipment and machinery for organizations and

companies to ensure reliable and efficient performance to meet their objectives.
► Design/ Installation and maintenance of power supply and control equipment and circuits
for generators, solar panels, distribution boards, power factor correction capacitor banks,
Surge Protection and UPS.
► Installation and Maintenance of machines and their control circuits / panels e.g. motors, air
conditioning systems, refrigeration systems, power supply systems etc.
► Specialized in automatic change over systems (ATS) and control circuits incorporating
microprocessor based modules like Load Transfer Modules (LTM’s) and Programmable
Logic Controllers (PLC’s).
► Specialized in design of automation panels incorporating relays, contactors, timers, counters,

photocells, time switches, pressure switches, proximity switches, heat sensors and a wide
variety of transducers and electronic control modules.

2010
Key personnel
Peter Mbugua. Director
He majors in computer engineering, and has wealth of experience in telecommunications and

logistics having worked for Ericsson Kenya hub, Rom East Africa Ltd and as a consultant at
customer feedback systems Kenya chapter.
Titus Makau. Director
He majors in electrical engineering has wealth of experience in telecommunications, electronic

security installations (CCTV, access control electric, fence, biometric access control and time &
attendance, fire & intruder alarm and detection) & power installations having worked for Ericson
Kenya hub, AUA Industria, Mehta electrical.
Harrison Macharia. Projects manager
He majors in Civil Engineering, and has a wealth of experience in civil and structural works having
worked for PACIFIC ARCHTECT AND ENGINEERS (PAE Government Services) in South
Sudan, Darfur and Chad under United Nation (MINURCAT) projects in Chad.
Muhia G Ng’ang’a. System Analyst.
He majors in ICT and Telecommunications Engineering, has wealth of experience in Structured

Network Cabling (Certified Fiber Optics Technician, Copper and Server Systems) having worked
for Ministry of Agriculture ICT dept, Semtek Microsystems Ltd, Mazingira Institute.
Peter Barasa Obada. System Engineer
Has over Ten years experience in Security Systems (CCTV, alarm systems, Hotel management
systems, Electrical wiring and Fiber optics installations) having worked for Uchumi Supermarkets,
AUA Industria.

2010
Works completed
SITE
CLIENT SITE NAME TYPE PROJECT TYPE OF SERVICE STATUS
ESSAR/ASTER NARASA GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ASTER BROOK GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ASTER SORI GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE MUMIAS GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE KERICHO GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE KWANZA GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE NYALI/MOMBASA GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE MODICAR/GARISSA GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE MODICAR/GARISSA GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR GSM/POWER/ELECTRICALS WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE GARISSA WINDSOR GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE GARISSA WINDSOR GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR GSM/POWER/ELECTRICALS WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE NANIGI GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE NANIGI GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR GSM/POWER/ELECTRICALS WORKS COMPLETE
ESSAR/ZTE SHIMONI GREENFIELD YU/ESSAR TURNKEY SITE BUILD WORKS COMPLETE

2010
(‘Thanks to our long term experience and motivations to succeed in a

competitive environment, we offer maximum degree of professionalism; we are a
preferred supplier of services and a trusted reliable business partner. It is therefore
our priority to continue maintaining long-term relations with our customers built
on mutual openness and a serious, individual /teamwork approach to all projects’)
Peter Mbugua (Director)

Geovision Company Profile

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COMPANY PROFILE

GREAT AND LASTING SOLUTIONS

Infrastructure Projects Office,

KENYA DATA NETWORKS

INTRODUCTORY LETTER AND COMPANY PROFILE

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 2

PROFILE OF THE FIRM

ADDRESS: P.O. Box -45664-00100, NAIROBI, KENYA

PHYSICAL ADDRESS: 17th Floor, View Park Towers, Monrovia Street.

P.O Box 46554-00100, Nairobi.

TEL: 020 – 2608856/59

MOBILE: 0712 009322, 0722 756868, 0721138358

BANKERS: CFC/Stanbic Bank. – Kenyatta Avenue Branch.

Business Manager – Mr. Kariuki Ndirangu

CONTACT PERSONS: Mr. George Muhia, Mr. Titus Makau,

Mr. Peter Mbugua

SCOPE OF BUSINESS: GEOVISION LTD PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING

• Telecommunication i.e. Communication Towers,P.A.B.X,

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 3

Performance and innovation starts here………

The company is also committed to professional growth of its employees.

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 4

To our customers: We share your business

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 5

Project Management Services (PMS)

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 6

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 7

RF Planning, Transmission planning and Network Design

GeoVisions’ RF Engineering Resources use state

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 8

Network Planning Tools

• Aircoms’ Asset planning tool

RF Optimization and KPI Analysis

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 9

Engineering Constructions & Projects

Our team spirit makes it possible to provide our customers with:

Scope Of Work by Geovisions Engineering Constructions and Projects

• Site detailed survey and foundation design

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 10

Operation & Maintenance

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 11

Why Geovision O&M?

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 12

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 13

3. OPTIC FIBER CABLE WORKS.

Geovision Ltd Optics Fiber works includes:

• Installation and defending of OFC – ISP/OSP

Fujikura 60s Splicing Team OFC

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 14

STRUCTURED NETWORK CABLING

Our Structured Cabling System is a complete package of products that includes:

It is important to note that Geovision installs comprehensive cabling systems based on

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 15

Structured Cabling System presents the following advantages.

2. Structured Cabling System adheres to local and international standards

During installation, the UTP cables will:

Geovision confidential Company profile Page 16

BE installed so that they can move if pulled firmly

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Routing differs from bridging in its assumption that address

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Dynamic routing dominates the Internet.

Traditional IP routing stays relatively simple because it uses next