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Images Take
aPosition:
Chari Larsson
DidiHubermans
Brechtian
Intervention
Esse
Steve McQueen
Queen and Country, 20072009,
vue dinstallation | installation view,
Manchester Central Library, 2007.
Photo: permission de | courtesy of the artist
& Marian Goodman Gallery, New York
37 Feature
Taking a Stance
Esse
38 Dossier
Prendre position
Esse
Steve McQueen
Queen and Country
(dtail | detail), 2007.
Photo: permission de | courtesy of the artist
& the family of Lance Corporal Benjamin Hyde
39 Feature
potential of montage is not restricted to the historical avant-garde but may be deployed as a tool
for rethinking knowledge itself. To take a position
is inextricably linked to interrogating existing
knowledge and mass-media structures. It is to
make the image a question of knowledge, and
not illusion (Cest faire de limage une question
de connaissance et non dillusion).10
In his discussion of British artist and director Steve McQueen in Sur le fil, Didi-Huberman
demonstrates the contemporary urgency of
taking a position. 11 We might say that the spectre of Western Marxism returns to haunt the
contemporary. Brechts Kriegsfibel assumed
a position, disrupting the complacency of the
spectator through the juxtaposition of image
and text. Fast-forward to 2003 and Britains
highly contested involvement in President
George W. Bushs war on terror. The Imperial
War Museum selected McQueen to visit Iraq as
the official war artist. The situation in Basra,
however, was extremely unstable, and McQueen
was confined with the British troops in the safe
zone for the duration of the six-day trip. He was
faced with the vexing question of how to best
represent the war if filming was out of the question. How to produce a work beyond the sanitized experience of an embedded war artist? As
Benjamin had intuited, traditional modes of
representation as illusion are ill equipped for
penetrating the spectators stupor. What was
needed was an interruption, something capable
of piercing the veil of homogenized official war
images and forcing the spectator to think anew.
As a response to the dangerous conditions,
McQueen began composing a new commemorative project, Queen and Country (200709),
seeking to give representation to the British
service members who had died serving in Iraq.
McQueen wrote to 115 families, requesting their
assistance with the project by providing him
with and allowing him to use an image of their
son or daughter. 12 Ninety-eight families responded positively. These images were subsequently
made into sheets of postage stamps, a series of
tiny commemorative portraits of the individual soldiers. The stamps were subsequently
displayed in a large oak cabinet. By electing
to portray the dead soldiers, Didi-Huberman
argues, McQueens gesture is a disruption of
the sovereign representations of power traditionally embodied by stamps. 13 What are we
to learn from McQueens very Brechtian intervention? He was not simply taking sides in the
highly controversial commitment of British forces to the war in Iraq. To take a position is more
than delivering an argument. Instead, his nuanced gesture was epistemological, designed to
Taking a Stance
displace existing knowledge structures. By electing to choose the humble postage stamp as his
preferred medium, he disturbed the normalized
flow of carefully managed information that neutralizes the soldiers individuality. In Brechtian
terms, we might say that McQueens gesture
is the creation of knowledge through making
strange (Verfremdungseffekte). Like the juxtaposition between images and text in Kriegsfibel, the
stamps interrupt spectators and jolt them out of
their complacency, penetrating existing circuits
of knowledge. McQueen forced a disruption in
the Ministry of Defences careful orchestration
of images in the war on terror. By taking a stand,
he gave representation to a caesura in visibility
produced by institutionalizedcensorship.
There is one final historical parallel worth
considering here. Kriegsfibel was completed in
194445, but it took almost ten years for it to be
published in the format imagined by Brecht. 14
McQueen submitted the commemorative portraits to the Royal Mail to be issued as official
stamps, but the concept was rejected by both the
Ministry of Defence and the post office. In a bittersweet paradox, Queen and Country was eventually purchased by the Imperial War Museum,
neutralizing McQueens gesture and its critical capacity to intervene. Queen and Country
remains unrealizedit will be truly complete
only when the U.K. postal service issues the
stamps officially and they can begin circulating
freely, as tiny pieces of Brechtian montage.
Esse
Steve McQueen
Queen and Country, 20072009,
vue dinstallation | installation view,
Manchester Central Library, 2007.
Photo: permission de | courtesy of the artist
& Marian Goodman Gallery, New York
40 Dossier
Prendre position
Esse
41 Feature
Taking a Stance
Esse
En voquant
la connexion
Benjamin-Brecht,
Didi-Huberman
ravive le courant de
la thorie marxiste
qui stait autrefois
donn comme
but de combattre
les ides de repli
sur soi et de
dsengagement de
lartiste.
42 Dossier
Prendre position
prise de conscience (cest peut-tre un meurtrier que lon a sous les yeux, plutt quun hros),
la photo commence perdre de son ascendant.
La certitude narcissique du spectateur seffrite:
lacte du soldat amricain perd sa lgitimit. Le
montage a donc pour effet de dstabiliser lautorit revendique par limage de presse. Au lieu
de simplement prendre parti, Brecht intervient,
il prendposition.
Lapproche critique de Brecht conserve-telle sa pertinence notre poque? On pourrait
polmiquer en se demandant, par exemple, si
le montage peut encore aspirer une fonction
politique ou thique qui incite la prise de position. cela, Didi-Huberman rpond oui, sans
hsiter condition toutefois de sen servir
comme instrument de connaissance. Aprs une
gnration sous le signe dun postmodernisme
marqu par une absence de profondeur ayant
entrain un affaiblissement de lhistoricit,
selon la clbre formule de Fredric Jameson9 ,
le fait de prendre position implique un renversement de perspective. En voquant la connexion
BenjaminBrecht, Didi-Huberman ravive un
courant de la thorie marxiste qui stait autrefois donn comme but de combattre les ides de
repli sur soi et de dsengagement de lartiste.
Pour le philosophe, le potentiel du montage ne
se limite pas lavant-garde historique; il peut
servir dinstrument pour repenser le savoir. Le
fait de prendre position est indissociable dune
remise en question des connaissances actuelles
et de la structure des mdias de masse. Cest
faire de limage une question de connaissance
et non dillusion10.
Dans une rflexion sur lartiste et cinaste
britannique Steve McQueen, Didi-Huberman
dmontre en quoi il est urgent aujourdhui de
prendre position 11 . Cest un peu comme si le
spectre du marxisme occidental revenait hanter notre poque. La Kriegsfibel de Brecht prenait
position en juxtaposant image et texte dans le
but de perturber le spectateur. Faisons un saut
jusquen 2003, lanne o la Grande-Bretagne
sest engage militairement, malgr les vives
protestations, dans la guerre contre la terreur
lance par George W. Bush. LImperial War
Museum avait choisi Steve McQueen comme
artiste de guerre officiel en Irak. La situation
Bassora tant extrmement instable, ce dernier
resta cantonn avec les troupes britanniques
dans la zone scurise durant les sixjours
du voyage. McQueen se trouva alors confront
Esse
43 Feature
Taking a Stance