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follicles and ova. The inner part of ovary is called the stroma which is
composed of connective tissues and highly supplied with blood capillaries.
The stroma contains the developing follicles with eggs in various stages of
development. The mature follicle is called Graafian follicle.
2. The duct system:- the duct system in females consists of:a. Fallopian tubes: There are two fallopian tubes. These are also known as
oviducts. They carry eggs from ovary to uterus. These are not attached
to ovaries but have a funnel shaped opening to receive the eggs as
they mature. Each fallopian tube is lined with cilia, to help the eggs
move towards the uterus. If sperms are present fertilization takes place
in the upper end of the fallopian tube.
b. Uterus:- The two fallopian tubes open into a thick walled muscular
organs known as uterus. It is also known as mothers womb. It is the
site where embryo implanted and developed for 9 months during
pregnancy. The inner lining of uterus called endometrium is highly
supplied with blood vessel and glands. The lower tip of the uterus is
called the cervix. It contains a ring of muscle that separates uterus
from vagina.
c. Vagina:- It is a large muscular tube that runs from uterus to outside. It
receives the male gametes during mating and serves as a birth canal
during the birth of a child.
NOTE:- The female have spate urinary and vaginal openings unlike the males
where there is one common duct called urethra for urinary as well as seminal
discharge.
Gametogenesis:- It is the formation of male gametes (sperm) in the
seminiferous tubules of testes. Each tubule contains two types of cells that is
germinal epithelial cells and the sertoli cells. The germinal epithelian cells
undergo mitotic cell division to form no of spermatogonia- which is also
known as multiplication phase. Each spermatogonia increases in size and
become a primary spermatocyte. Each p.s. which is diploid undergoes the
first meiotic division to give rise to two haploid cells known as secondary
spermatocyte. These undergo a quick second meiotic division to product a
total of 4 haploid cells known as spermatids. Spermatids are unspecialized
cells and do not undergo any further division. Rather it is transformed into a
sperm cell. Spermatids get embedded in the sertoli cells which provide
support protection and nutrition. Spermatids get transformed into sperm by
losing a great deal of cytoplasm. Condensation of the nucleus into a head and
by formation of a flagellated tail.
Structure of sperm:- male gamete is composed of following regionsI.
Head:- it if slightly oval and contains a large nucleus which has highly
condensed DNA and contains haploid no of chromosomes. It has a cap
like structure known as acrosome which is a modified form of
lysosome or Golgi complex. It contains hydrolytic enzymes necessary
during the time of fertilization.
II.
III.
IV.