Modular construction is the practice of assembling the components of

a building in factory and then transporting them to the construction site

for installation. Modular prefabricated construction represents a
specific type of prefabrication in which the module building components
are assembled off-site.
Modules are complete box-shaped units, containing walls, floor and roof
with the interior space, which are built in factory, shipped to the site,
installed, and connected into a complete building.

STAGES OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

Four stages make up a modular construction project.
1. Design approval by the end user and any regulating authorities.
2. Assembly of module components in a controlled environment .
3. Transportation of modules to a final destination.
4. Erection of modular units to form a finished building.

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

1.MIVAN FORMWORK TECHNIQUE
It is the most advanced formwork systems. It is fast, simple and
adaptable. It produces total quality work which requires minimum
maintenance and when durability is the prime consideration. It is a
totally pre-engineered system where in the complete methodology is
planned to the finest details. In this system the walls, columns and slab
are casted in one continuous pour on concrete. Early removal of forms

can be achieved by the air curing/ curing compounds. These forms are
made strong and sturdy, fabricated with accuracy and easy to handle.
The components are made out of aluminium and hence are very light
weight. They afford large number of repetitions (around 250). The repropping is simple hence short cycle time can be achieved.

COMPONENTS OF MIVAN FORMWORK

The basic element of the formwork is the panel, which is an extruded
aluminium rail section, welded to an aluminium sheet. This produces a
lightweight panel with an excellent stiffness to weight ratio, yielding
minimal deflection under concrete loading. Panels are manufactured in
the size and shape to suit the requirements of specific projects. The
panels are made from high strength aluminium alloy with a 4 mm thick
skin plate and 6mm thick ribbing behind to stiffen the panels. Once they
are assembled they are subjected to a trial erection in order to
eliminate any dimensional or on site problems. Following are the
components that are regularly used in the construction:

A. WALL COMPONENTS:1) Wall Panel: - It forms the face of the wall. It is an Aluminium sheet
properly cut to fit the exact size of the wall

2) Rocker:-It is a supporting component of wall. It is Lshaped panel

having allotment holes for stub pin

3) Kicker:- It forms the wall face at the top of the panels and acts as a
ledge to support.

C. DECK COMPONENT:1) Deck Panel:- It forms the horizontal surface for casting of slabs. It is
built for proper safety of workers.

2) Deck Prop:- It forms a V-shaped prop head. It supports the deck and
bears the load coming on the deck panel.

2.TUNNEL FORMWORK TECHNIQUE

Tunnel form is a formwork system that allows construction of cellular
walls and slabs in one operation on a daily cycle. It combines the speed,
quality and accuracy of offsite production with the flexibility and
economy of in-situ construction and is recognised as a modern method
of construction. The result is a cellular reinforced concrete structure,
the surfaces of which are of sufficiently high quality to require only
minimal finishing for direct decoration.

The system creates an efficient load bearing structure for use in a wide
variety of applications. It is particularly effective in projects suited to
repetitive cellular construction such as residential blocks, hotels,
student accommodation, barracks and prisons
METHOD
During the tunnel form construction process, a structural tunnel is
created by pouring concrete into steel formwork to make the floors and
walls in one monolithic process. Each 24 hours, the formwork is moved
so that another tunnel can be formed. When a storey has been
completed, the process is repeated on the next floor. A strong,
monolithic structure is thus constructed that can reach 40 or more
storeys in height.

5.OVERNIGHT- THERMAL CURING

ADVANTAGES OF TUNNEL FORMWORK

FINISHING
The smooth face of the steel formwork results in a high quality finish
that can be decorated directly. This reduces the need for finishing
trades thereby providing additional cost savings and speeding the
entire process.
FLEXIBILITY IN DESIGN
The large bays constructed using tunnel form, provide exceptional
flexibility in the design and layout of the building and allow a high
degree of freedom in the final appearance.
QUALITY
Quality is enhanced despite the speed of construction. The precise, even
steel face of the formwork creates a smooth, high quality finish capable
of receiving direct decoration with the minimum of preparation.
PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTROL
The formwork is specially adapted for each project. The repetitive
nature of the system and the use of prefabricated forms and reinforcing
mats/cages simplifies the whole construction process, producing
a smooth and fast operation
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Tunnel form has integral working platforms and edge protection
systems. In addition, the repetitive, predictable nature of the tasks
involved encourages familiarity with operations and productivity
improves as construction progresses.

ASSIGNMENT

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

MAAZ AKBAR KHAN

B.ARCH IV YEAR(SFS)

ADVANTAGES OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

1. FAST DELIVERY
A primary benefit of modular construction is its fast delivery. Due to the
simultaneous process of creating modules in a factory at the same time
site work is occurring, modular buildings can be constructed in up to
half the time as buildings built completely onsite. This allows the
buildings to be occupied sooner and allows owners to see a faster
return on investment.
In order to save the most time and money and maximize the efficiency
of the modular construction process, it is important to implement the
modular construction at the beginning of the design-build process.
2. QUALITY
Modular buildings are built with all the same materials and to the same
building codes and architectural specifications as onsite construction,
just completed in an offsite, quality controlled environment. Modular
buildings are also built to be able to withstand travel and installation
requirements, creating a building that can be more durable than
structures built onsite.

3.WASTE MINIMISATION
Modular construction makes it possible to optimize construction
materials purchases and usage while minimizing onsite waste and
offering a higher quality product to the buyer.
4. LESS SITE DISTURBANCE

The modular structure is constructed off-site simultaneous to

foundation and other site work, thereby reducing the time and impact
on the surrounding site environment, as well as reducing the number of
vehicles and equipment needed at the site.
5.FLEXIBILITY AND REUSE
When the needs change, modular buildings can be disassembled and
the modules relocated or refurbished for their next use reducing the
demand for raw materials and minimizing the amount of energy
expended to create a building to meet the new need. In some cases, the
entire building can be recycled.
6.IMPROVED AIR QUALITY
Many of the indoor air quality issues identified in new construction
result from high moisture levels in the framing materials. Construction
occurs primarily indoors away from harsh weather conditions
preventing damage to building materials and eliminating the potential
for high levels of moisture being trapped in the new construction.
7.SUSTAINABLE
Modular buildings can also contribute to LEED requirements in any
category site-built construction can, and can even provide an advantage
in the areas of Sustainable Sites, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and
Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. Modular construction can
also provide an advantage in similar categories in the International
Green Construction Code