Procedure :

Part A : Potentiometric Titration

A burette was rinsed with tap water and then with distilled water until truly clean.
Some of the sodium hydroxide solution , NaOH was poured into a beaker. The
burette was filled with the sodium hydroxide solution. The tip of the burette was
make sure that has been completely filled. The sodium hydroxide solution was
drained to the 0.00 mL line or below. 1.0mL of the unknown acid was pipette into a
beaker and enough water was added so that the end of the pH electrode will be
covered. Usually a titration is done in a flask. In this experiment, room for the pH
electrode is needed. The initial reading of the sodium hydroxide in the burette was
noted. The value was recorded. The pH electrode was rinsed and it was placed in
the beaker with the acid. Small portions of the sodium hydroxide was added to the
acid sample. After each addition, the total volume of sodium hydroxide added and
the pH of the solution was recorded. When the pH begins to rise rapidly, smaller
portions of the sodium hydroxide was added . The sides of the beaker were rinsed
occasionally with distilled water from the wash bottle. The sodium hydroxide solution
was continue added until the pH is in the basic region AND has leveled off. The
titration was repeated. For each trial, a graph of pH (y-axis) against the volume of
base added (x-axis) was plotted. The equivalence point was determined on each
graph. The volume of base that corresponds to the equivalence point was found.
This value was divided by two to determine the amount of base needed to reach half
way to the equivalence point. The pH at this volume of base is converted to [H +] to
give the Ka of the acid.

Part B : Half Volume Method

A sample of the unknown acid was obtained. 100 mL of distilled water was measured
out with a graduated cylinder and it was poured into a 250 mL conical flask. The
sample of acid was dissolved in the water, and it was stirred to mix thoroughly. The
solution was divided into two equal portions by using a graduated cylinder, and do so
as accurately as possible. Some drops were added into the first flask. The portion in
the flask was titrated to a phenolphthalein endpoint with sodium hydroxide solution
adding the sodium hydroxide slowly while swirling the flask. As the endpoint
approaches, the sodium hydroxide solution were added drop by drop until the
solution has a permanent pink color. The titrated solution was mixed with the other
half of the acid solution and the pH of the resulting solution was determined. Again,
since half of the acid has been titrated, [H +] = [HA] = [A-]. Using Equation 2 and
canceling out the values for [HA] and [A -], the Ka value is once again determined
from the [H+] value. From the observed pH, the Ka of the unknown acid was
calculated.

RESULTS
PART A : POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
Unknown Acid A
1st Titration
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

pH
3.52
4.96
5.69
10.14
10.53
10.76
10.81
10.92
11.04
11.10
11.17
11.25
11.27
11.31
11.38
11.41
11.46
11.49
11.53
11.54
11.58
11.62
11.63
11.66
11.67
11.70
11.75
11.81
11.83
11.85
11.88
11.90
11.92
11.92

2nd Titration
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

pH
3.44
4.40
5.71
10.07
10.48
10.67
10.80
10.91
11.03
11.09
11.16
11.22
11.28
11.32
11.37
11.42
11.45
11.48
11.52
11.56
11.57
11.60
11.62
11.65
11.69
11.71
11.74
11.76
11.77
11.80
11.84
11.84

Unknown Acid B
1st Titration
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

pH
4.11
4.94
5.31
10.03
10.59
10.84
11.02
11.11
11.21
11.28
11.35
11.40
11.44
11.48
11.53
11.55
11.58
11.61
11.63
11.66
11.68
11.69
11.71
11.72
11.76
11.79
11.82
11.82

2nd Titration
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

pH
4.34
4.95
5.36
10.13
10.54
10.92
11.04
11.22
11.31
11.34
11.37
11.42
11.51
11.54
11.57
11.62
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.68
11.70
11.71
11.73
11.75
11.77
11.78
11.80
11.81
11.83
11.83

PART B : HALF VOLUME TITRATION

1ST Titration
pH of combined solutions : 5.26

2nd Titration
pH of combined solutions : 5.35

Unknown Acid A
14
12
10
8
6

First titration

Second titration

4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

Unknown Acid B
14
12
10
8
6

First titration

Second titration

4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29