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Subtractive Transformation
WALL
3D FORM
ROOM
3D FORM
DOOR PLACEMENT
WINDOW PLACEMENT
PARTS OF A BUILDING
Coping
Parapet wall
Roof
Ceiling Plane
Wall Plane
Lintel
Reveal
Lintel
Door
Window
Sill
Ramp
Steps
Floor Plane
Foundation
Load Down
On Soil
PARTS OF A BUILDING
Load Down
On Soil
PARTS OF A BUILDING
1.
Foundation:- It Is The Lowest Part Of The Structure Below The Ground Level Which Is In Direct Contact
With The Ground And Transmits All The Dead, Live And The Other Loads To The Soil On Which The
Structure Rests.
2.
Plinth:- The Portion Of The Building Between The Ground Surrounding The Building And The Top Of The
Floor Immediately Above The Ground Is Known As Plinth.
3.
Walls:- Walls Are Provided To Enclose Or Divide The Floor Space In Desired Pattern. Walls Provide Privacy,
Security And Give Protection Against Sun, Rain, Cold And Other Adverse Effects Of Weather.
4.
Column:- It May Be Defined As An Isolated Vertical Load Bearing Member The Width Of Which Is Neither
Less Than Its Thickness Nor More Than Four Times Its Thickness.
PARTS OF A BUILDING
5.
Floors:- Floors Are Flat Supporting Elements Of A Building. They Divide A Building Into Different Levels
Thereby Creating More Accommodation On A Given Plot Of Land.
6.
Doors, Windows & Ventilators:- A Door May Be Defined As A Barrier Secured In An Opening Left In A Wall
To Provide Usual Means Of Access To A Building, Room Or Passage. A Window May Be Defined As An
Opening Left In A Wall For The Purpose Of Providing Daylight, Vision And Ventilation.
7.
Stairs:- A Stair May Be Defined As A Structure Comprising Of A Number Of Steps Connecting One Floor To
Another. The Stair Must Be Constructed In Such A Manner That It Is Safe And Comfortable To Use And It
Should Be So Located As To Permit Easy Communication.
Types of Roof
Roof
Wall
Floor
Pitched Roof
Roof
Roof
Wall
Floor
Lean To Roof
Wall
Floor
Roof
Types of Roof
Roof
Wall
Wall
Wall
Floor
Butterfly Roof
Roof
Roof
Floor
Butterfly Roof
Floor
Roof
Types of Roof
Types of Roof
PARTS OF A DOOR
FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING
FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING
Shape
Size
The physical dimension
of length, width and depth
of a form. While those dimensions
determine the
Proportion of a form, its scale is
determined by its size relative to
other forms in its context.
Size
Color
Colour
Shape
Orientation
The direction of a form relative
to the ground. Plan the compass
points other forms or to the
person viewing the form.
Orientation
Visual Inertia
The degree of the concentration
and stability of a form the visual
Inertia of a form depends Upon
the geometry as well as its
orientation to the ground plan
and the pull of gravity and our
line of signet.
Circles
Diameter
Radius
Sector
Chord
Segment
Quadrant
Chord
Circumference
Arc
Base Plane
Base Plane
A horizontal plane laying
as a figure on a contrasting
Background defines a
Simple field of space.
This field can be visually
Reinforced in following ways
Base Plane
Depressed Base Plane
A Horizontal plane
depressed into the ground
Plane utilizes the vertical
Surface Of the lowered area to
Define the volume of a space.
Overhead Plane
Example of Overhead Top
Plan
Example of Overhead
Isometric Plan
Approaches
Frontal Approach:
A Frontal Approach Leads Directly To The Entrance Of A Building Along A Straight , Axial Path.
The Visual Goal That Terminates The Approach Is Clear, It May Be The Entire Front Faade Of
A Building Or An Entrance Within The Plane .
Approaches
Oblique Approach :
An Oblique Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Facade And Form Of A
Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Time To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The
Approach. If A Building Is Approached At An Extreme Angle , Its Entrance Can Project Beyond Its
Facade To Be More Clearly Visible.
Approaches
Spiral Approach :
A Spiral Approach Enhances The Effect Of Perspective On The Front Faade And Form Of A
Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or More Times To Delay And Prolong The Sequence
Of The Approach. If A Building Is Approached At The Extreme Angle, Its Entrance Project Beyond
Its Faade To Be More Clearly Visible.
Types of Doors
Location Of Doors
(i) From Consideration Of Adequate Air Circulation
Within The Room, The Doors Should Be Provided In
Opposite Walls Facing Each Other.
(ii) From Consideration Of Proper Space Utilization And
Privacy, Doors Should As For As Possible Be Located
Near The Corner Of A Room (Say About 20 Cm Away
From The Corner).
(iii) The Location Of The Door Should Meet The Functional
Requirements Of The Room.
(iv) The Numbers Of Doors In A Room Should Be Kept In
Minimum To Achieve Optimum Utilization Of Space.
FRAME 60x100
x
Hinge
30mmTHICK
BATTEN
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Hold fast
60x100 FRAME
Size
MIDDLE LEDGE
200x30
OUT
200x30 LEDGES
IN
OUT
SCOTCH TE HINGE
30mm TH BATTENS
BRICK WALL PLASTER
IN
Definition:BOTTOM LEDGE
200x30
ELEVATION
VERTICALSECTION
Frame
Frame(125X75)
Brick Wall
Top Rail
Bracing
Hinge
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Definition:Lock Rail
Bracing
Bottom Rail
Elevation
Vertical Section
Frame
60x100
Top rail
100x35
EQ
EQ
900
Plan
Panel
15mm
Panel
Lock rail
150x35
Panel
Bottom rail
200x35
Elevation
Section
Brick Wall
Frame(60100)
Glass
Wooden Bead
Wooden
Beading
1020
Lock
Rail
35X150
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Wooden Panel
Bottom rail
35200
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
Solid
core of
Particle
Board
Face Veneer
or Plywood
Stile
Bottom Rail
ELEVATION
Stile
Soft wood
strips or
laminated
core pieces
Fra
me
Stile
Face
veneer or
Ply Wood
Stile
Face veneer or
Ply Wood
Cross Band
Definitions:
Face Veneer
or Plywood
Bottom Rail
ELEVATION
FRAME
BATTENS
FACE VENEER OR
PLYWOOD
STYLE
STILE
VOIDS
INTERMEDIATE
RAIL
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Frame
Style
VOIDS
CROSS BAND
FACE VENEER
OR PLYWOOD
BOTTOM RAIL
ELEVATION
HOLLOW CORE TYPE FLUSH DOOR :-In This Type ,The Frame Consists Of Stiles ,Top
Rail ,Bottom Rails And Minimum Two Intermediate Rails-each Not Less Than 75mm. In
Width. The Space Between The Stiles And The Rails Is Divided By Fixing Wooden Battens
Not Less Than 25 Mm. In Width In Such A Manner That The Voids Are Equally Distributed
And Area Of Any Void Remains Less Than 50 Cm Sq . Instead Of Battens ,Rolls Or Strips Of
Veneers Can Also Be Used For Forming Core. Plywood Sheets Or Combination Of Crossbands And Face Veneers Are Then Glued Under Pressure On Both Faces Of The Core .The
Thickness Of Plywood Used Should Not Be Less Than 6 Mm. In This Type Of Shutter.
Fly-proof Door
Frame
75125mm
Hold Fast
Paneled
Door
Wooden Panel
Frame(75125) 10 mm
Stile
HORIZONTAL SECTION
Lock Rail
35X150
Fly-proof Door:-
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
Revolving Door
Styles
Inside
Rubber Piece
Glazing
Glazing
Outside
ELEVATION
Definition:
Revolving Door Provides Entrance On One Side And Exit On The Other Side
Simultaneously Keeping The Opening Automatically Classed When Not In
Use. The Door Essentially Consists Of Four Leaves Radially Attached Central
Member Is Provided With Ball-bearing At The Bottom And Bush Bearing At
The Top So As To Enable The Door To Revolve Smoothly Without Producing
Jerk.
BRACKETS
TRACK
FRAME
FRAME
SHUTTER
FLOOR FINISH
CHANNEL TRACK
BRACKET
LINTEL
TROLLEY
OPENING
SHUTTER
BALL-BEARING
CHANNEL TRACK
Opening
Opening
Swing Door
Frame
10075mm
35 Mm Thick
Flush Shutter
Definitions: -
ELEVATION
VERTICAL SECTION
Contrast
Composition Project
Front View
Isometric View
Top View
Composition Project
Front View
Isometric View
Top View
Stairs
Dog Legged Stairs:It consist of two straight
flights of step with abrupt
turn between them. A
level landing is placed
across the two flights at
the change of direction.
Stairs
Durian Plan 2D
Outer Dimensions
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