2

The alphabet

Capital and small letters

These are capital letters.

These are small letters.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMN

abcdefghij klmn
opqrstuvwxyz

OPQRSTUVWXYZ

All the letters from Aa to Zz are called the alphabet.

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
Say all the letters of the alphabet aloud.
Is B a capital letter or a small letter?

Look at the letters of the alphabet below. Circle all the

capital letters.
A

c
b
F

K
n

w
Z

V
X

Capital and small letters

B

Match the words in small letters to the same words in

capital letters.
ant
FATHER
HOUSE
boy
GIRAFFE
car
CAR
doll
ANT
eagle
DOLL
father
giraffe
EAGLE
BOY
house

Look at the letters carefully. Circle the letter that is

wrongly written in each word.
queeN

jumP

Long

kangarOo

icecReam

mAngo

Near

osTrich

Long

River
Hello. I am Ram Kumar.
I am from Jaipur
My favorite cartoon
character is Dexter.

Now write about yourself. Begin each name with a

capital letter.
Hello.
I am ___________.
I am from ___________.
My favourite cartoon character is ___________.

The alphabet

ABC order
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Look at the order of the letters.
A comes before B, C comes after B, and so on.
The small letters have the same order too.
abcdefghij klmnopqrstuvwxyz
h comes before g.

Yes

No

ABC order is also called the alphabetical order.

What comes before, after and in the middle? Fill in the

blanks.
.... B C
K .... M
U V ....

.... Y Z
C D ....
G .... I

Q R ....
.... O P
.... U V
.... KL

b....d

r....t

jk....

kl....

u....w

s....u

m....o

....qr

cd....
....yz

ABC order
B

Arrange the names of these children in the correct ABC

order. Number them from 1 to 10.

Karma

Luna

Mary

David

Sunny

Laxmi

Chen

Raju

Neha

Tom

ABC order
C

Arrange these animals in the alphabetical order.

tiger

bear

lion

horse

penguin

rhino

bear

gorilla

ostrich

dog

yak

The alphabet

Vowels and consonants

aeiou
These five letters are vowels.
All the other letters of the alphabet are called consonants.
bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz
Is w a vowel or a consonant?

All the words below have vowels in them. Write the

vowels in the circles.
umbrella
cauliflower
zebra
violin
hibiscus
mountains
leopard
crocodile
aeroplane
brother

Vowels and consonants

B

All the words below have consonants in them. Write the

consonants in the squares.
tiger

dragon

needle

trousers

marigold

boxing

chocolate
helicopter

yellow

fish

Vowels and consonants

C

Fill in the missing vowels.

fl __ g

d __ sk

m __ rror

__ nion

d __ ck

l __ mon

kang __ roo

fr __ g

b __ rd

dr __ m

ostr __ ch

gorill__

10

Vowels and consonants

D

Fill in the missing consonants.

__ utterfly

sol __ ier

rai __ bow

ki __ e

flo __ er

__ ouse

__ ountain

ladde __

bo __ es

papa __ a

__ ebra

tele __ ision

Nouns

Look at the picture.

Do you see an animal?

Do you see something that can fly?
Do you see a boy or a girl?
Do you see a place to live in?
Do you also see a place where ducks like to swim?

11

12

Nouns
Look at the words below and look at the picture again.
Do you see them in the picture? Tick them if you see
them.

airplane

boy

car

cat

dog

duck

garden

girl

house

log

moon

pond

river

road

sun

tree

Remember!
Everything that you see in the picture is a
noun.
Boy is a noun.

Pond is a noun.

Cat is a noun.

Aeroplane is a noun.

A noun is a naming word. It names people,

places, animals and other things.
Is cow a noun? Yes

No

13

Nouns
C

Look at the nouns below. Put them into the correct

groups.

ball
chair
hospital
papaya
school

banana
computer
jug
parrot
teacher

boy
elephant
man
pencil
temple

people

animals and birds

places

carrot
girl
mouse
playground
woman

cauliflower
horse
panda
radish
zoo
things

fruit and vegetables

Now think of and write two nouns in each group.

people
places
things
animals and birds
fruit and vegetables

14

Nouns

Singular and plural

A

Here is a vase full of beautiful

flowers. How many flowers do
you see altogether?
1
flower

2
flowers

3
flowers

9
flowers

10
flowers

11
flowers

Count the number of flowers and write the number in

the boxes.
marigold

dahlias

roses

sunflowers

lotus

hibiscus

A noun can be singular or plural.

Rose is a noun. It is the name of a flower.
Rose is a singular noun. It means one.
Roses is a plural noun. It means more than one.
Do you say two flower or two flowers?

15

Singular and plural

C

Colour the correct pictures.

dog

bananas

hens

shirt

tents

slide

house

flower

16

Singular and plural

D

Circle the correct word for each picture.

tulip

tulips

bag

bags

boy

boys

dancer

dancers

house

houses

lion

lions

egg

eggs

cup

cups

monkey

monkeys

carrot

carrots

mountain mountains penguin

penguins

Singular and plural

E

Write S if the noun is singular and P if the noun is

plural.
doctor

nurses

helicopters

soaps

zoo

swimming pool

tree

apples

We can change many singular nouns into plural

nouns by adding the letter s.
cow
hill

cows
hills

Write the plural form of these nouns.

clown

town

driver

balloon

bean

clock

orange

camel

road

pigeon

17

18

Articles
a and an

an apple on a tree

an elephant in a car

a man with an umbrella

a bow and an arrow

We use a for words beginning with a consonant.

a tree
a man

a car
a bow

We use an for words beginning with a vowel.

an apple
an umbrella

an elephant
an arrow

Is it a balloon or an balloon? . .....

19

a and an
A

What is this? Tick the correct answer and copy it.

an ant

a cow

a bat

an ox

an owl

a fan

a parrot

an umbrella

an ostrich

a knife

a kangaroo

an axe

an ice cream

a bag

a flower

an envelope

a and an
B

Do you use a or an before these words? Write your

answers in the given spaces.
____ engine

____ table

____ pencil

____ oar

____ insect

____ telephone

____ mask

____ envelope

____ inkpot

____ train

Use a or an only with singular nouns.

a ball 9
an orange 9
a balls 2
an oranges 2
balls 9
oranges 9

9) or a (2
2)
Put a tick (9
an orange

an eggs

a flowers

a bag

a butterflies

an elephants

a vase

an apple

20

a and an
D

Write the correct noun for each picture. Then write a or

an before the singular nouns.
owl
balloons
pizza
momos
oranges
snake
arrow
star
pens
eggs

21

22

Adjectives

Look at Karuns family photo. Everyone looks different

in the photo. How are they different?

grandfather grandmother
baby brother Karun

father
dog

mother
cat

sister

Match the names of the family members with the words

that describe them.
1. dirty

grandfather and grandmother

2. thin

father

3. angry

mother

4. fat
5. old
6. happy
7. small

Karun
sister
baby brother
cat and dog

23

Adjectives
dirty
thin
angry
fat
old
happy small
These words tell us about the people and animals in the
picture. They are adjectives.
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a
noun.
Adjectives are also called describing words.
a happy boy
Which is an adjective and which is a noun?
happy
boy

Choose an adjective from the box for each animal. Then

complete the sentences.
(a) Look at this _________ mouse.
(b) Elephants are _________.
(c) Giraffes have _________ necks.
(d) It is a _________ cat.
(e) A rabbit has a _________ tail.
(f) A tortoise is a _________ animal.
(g) Pigs like to live in _________ places.
(h) Dogs are always _________ with the cats.

angry
big
bushy
dirty
fat
little
long
slow

Adjectives
D

Match the opposites.

1. beautiful

cold

2. big

heavy

3. fast

low

4. fat

sad

5. happy

short

6. high

slow

7. hot

small

8. light

thin

9. long

1 ugly

10. old

wrong

11. right

young

9 2

Now fill in the blank spaces with the adjectives.

a _________ fairy and an ugly monster
a big book and a _________ book
a fast runner and a _________ runner
a _________ cat and a thin cat
a happy face and a _________ face
a high mountain and a _________ valley
a _________ day and a cold day
a _________ load and a heavy load

a long line and a _________ line

an _________ woman and a young girl
a right answer and a _________ answer

24

25

Adjectives
Colours can also be adjectives.
What do colours tell us about the nouns?
Of course they tell us about their colour!
green grass
black shoes
white shirt

Fill in these words in the puzzle.

blue

brown

red

yellow

purple

C
O
L
O
U
R

What colour
clothes are you
wearing today?

What colour is an
orange?
An orange is orange!

26

Nouns

Male and female

father and mother

Is father a man or a woman?
Are you a boy or a girl?

male nouns

female nouns

father
man
boy

mother
woman
girl

Match each male to a female correctly.

boys

grandmother

father

woman

grandfather

Ms Yadav

uncle

sister

man

girls

Mr Yadav

mother

king

queen

brother

aunt

27

Male and female

B

Now copy the male nouns and their female nouns in the
space below.
boys and girls

Here are some names of animals. Write M for male and F

for female in the boxes.

lion
lioness

cow
bull

hen
cock

nanny goat
billy goat

he-buffalo
she-buffalo

Now write the male name or the female name for each
animal in the picture. Use your notebook.

28

Nouns

Young ones

Look at the animal families.

Do you know what the young ones are called?

cock

lion

hen

nanny goat

cow

lioness

billy goat

bull

Here are the names for the young ones. Write them in
the correct places.

calf

kid

chick

cub

Young ones
B

Whose babies are these?

Match the babies with their parents.
1. lamb

bear

2. gosling

cat

3. chick

cow

4. calf

dog

5. cub

duck

6. duckling

goose

7. kitten

hen

8. puppy

horse

9. foal

sheep

29

Young ones
C

30

Now fill in the missing nouns. The babies are on the left
and the parents are on the right.
BABIES

PARENTS

calf

hen

cub
duck

foal

goose
kitten

sheep

puppy

31

Nouns

Proper nouns
A

Look at these two lists of nouns. How are they

different?

day
boy
place
book

Monday
Laxman
Kathmandu
Hello Grammar

These nouns begin with a

small letter.

These nouns begin

with a capital letter.

We give special names to people. The names

begin with a capital letter.

Give a name to these people. You can choose the names

from the box.
Bina
Dolma
Rajesh
Ramesh
Popeye
Dexter
Teddy
Freddy
I am a girl.
My name is
_____________.

Hello.
I am
_____________.

32

Do you know
my name?
Can you give
me a name
too?

________________

________________

Your name is a special name.

Your name is a proper noun.
A proper noun is a special name of people, places,
animals and things.

Here are two lists. Which is the list of proper nouns?

Write proper nouns in the correct box. Then write
common nouns in the other box.
boy
girl
man
cartoon
park
river
country
day

Arun
Meena
Mr Thapa
Tom and Jerry
Sankha Park
Bagmati
Singapore
Monday

33

Proper nouns
D

Circle the proper nouns.

girl

Nima

Town

river

Delhi

animal

Jonny Bravo

Sunday

story

Ms Taylor

mother

Cinderalla

Names of the days are proper nouns too.

Here are the seven days of the week. But they are in the
wrong order. Write them in the correct order.
Friday

______________

Monday

______________

Saturday

______________

Sunday

______________

Thursday

______________

Tuesday

______________

Wednesday

______________

34

Pronouns
Hello.
My name is Muna.
I am six years old.
This is my brother.
He is ten years old.

This is my mother.
She is very nice.

This is my house.
It is a beautiful house.

This is my father.
He is very nice too.

These are Tommy

and Kitty.
They are our pets.

We are all very

happy.
Are you happy
too?

35

Pronouns
I

he

she

it

you

we

they

These words are pronouns. Pronouns are words that

can be used in place of nouns.
The pronoun I is always written with a capital letter.

Put the correct pronoun in the blank space.

My name is Sam.
I He
______ am six years old.

HELLO

I have a brother.
He She
______ is ten years old.
I also have a sister.
He She ______ is three years old.
My father is 30 years old.
He She ______ goes to office.
My mother works at home.
He She ______ takes care of us.
My father and mother are very nice.
We They ______ love us very much.
Tina and Robin are my friends.
We They ______ like to play together.

Sam

36

Pronouns
B

Choose the correct pronouns from the box to fill in the

blanks.
I

you

he

she

it

Hello.
Do ______ know me?
My name is Sunny.
______ am six years old.

This is my Dad.
______ is a police officer.
This is my Mum.
______ is a nurse.
I like to play with Sonia and Binu.
______ are my sisters.
This is the picture of my family.
______ live in a town.
We have a beautiful house.
______ is red in colour.

they

we

37

Adjectives

Comparisons

A rhino is a big animal.

An elephant is also a big animal.

But an elephant is bigger than a rhino.

This giraffe is also tall.

This tree is tall.

Which is taller?

tree

giraffe.

We use adjectives to compare two people or

things. Look at these comparisons.
tall
small
strong
easy

taller
smaller
stronger
easier

38

Comparisons
A

Circle the correct adjective for each picture.

big bigger

big bigger

thick thicker

thin thinner

thin thinner

fat fatter

fat fatter

long longer

wide wider

wide wider

happy happier

high higher

high higher

long longer

happy happier

thick thicker

high higher

fast faster

fast faster

short shorter

short shorter

Comparisons
B

Answer these questions.

Which is thicker, your grammar book or your science
book?
_______________________________
Which is sweeter, icecream or honey?
_______________________________
Which is deeper, a well or a water tank?
_______________________________
Which is shorter, a giraffe or an elephant?
_______________________________
Which is colder, hills or mountains?
_______________________________
Which is bigger, your house or your school?
_______________________________
Who is taller, your father or your mother?
_______________________________
Which is harder, a football or a cricket ball?
_______________________________
Who is younger,
you or your
teacher?
_______________________________
Which is nearer
from your house,
your school or your
uncles house?
______________

You are
taller, but I
am bigger.

39

Verbs

40

Action words
A

9) the things you do every day and cross out the

Tick (9
things you do not do.
I brush my teeth.
I wash my hands and face.
I drink milk.
I play with my pet.
I pluck flowers from the garden.
I eat my breakfast.
I help my mother.
I polish my shoes.
I read my books.
I take a bath.
I go to school.

Read these words aloud.

brush wash drink play pluck
eat help polish read take go

All these words are about what you do. They

tell us about your action.
The words that tell the action are called verbs.
Is the word come a verb? Yes

No

41

Action words
C

Some words are verbs and some words are nouns.

Write V for verb and N for noun.
apple

bird

bring

chair

cut

dance

door

jump

run

see

sing

talk

tree

walk

write

zoo

Write the correct verb for each action.

sing
dance
swim
walk
play
draw
shout
fight
teach

What do we do with our

eyes?

42

Action words
E

Write the correct verbs in the blanks.

bite

clap

eat

hug

kick

pluck

smell

taste

We _____________ with our arms.

We _____________ with our hands.
We _____________ with our mouth.
We _____________ with our teeth.
We _____________ with our nose.
We _____________ with our fingers.
We _____________ with our foot.
We _____________ with our tongue.

Verbs

am
am, is and are
A

Who is right?
I am a girl.

He is a doctor.

I am a boy.

He is an artist.

She is a teacher.
She is a student.

43

44

am
am, is and are
It is a cat.
It is a rat.

They are tall.

They are short.

We are happy.

We are sad.

You are in Grade 1.

You are in grade 2.

am
am, is and are
am
is
are
These are also verbs. They are called be verbs.
You use am with I.
I am
You use is with he, she and it.
He is
She is

It is

You use are with you, we and they.

You are
We are
They are
You is my friend. Right

Wrong

Use am, is or are to complete each sentence.

I ___________ reading a book.
They ___________ my father and mother.
He ___________ good at maths.
You ___________ my best friend.
We ___________ in the same class.
She ___________ a beautiful girl.
It ___________ my English book.

Tick (9
9 ) the correct statements.
A cow is a plant.
Elephants are big animals.
Mountains are small.
A house is a place to live in.
Usha and Tara are the names of girls.
You and I are people.

45

46

am
am, is and are
Singular nouns take is and plural nouns take are.
a cow is
a house is
elephants are
mountains are
Two nouns or two pronouns take are.
Usha and Tara are
You and I are
My friend and I are

Circle the correct choice.

A whale is

A whale are

a very big animal.

Your nails is

Your nails are

too long.

The girls is

The girls are

playing

An apple is

An apple are

good to eat.

Laxmi is

Laxmi are

Pema and Dolma is

Pema and Dolma are

a a tall girl.
good friends.
A whale is..?!
A whale are..?!

am
am, is and are
E

Fill in the blanks with am, is or are.

1. We ______ watching television.
2. Rohit ______ a strong boy.
3. It ______ eight oclock now.
4. She ______ a taxi driver.
5. Cats and dogs ______ pet animals.
6. You ______ late again.
7. My brother ______ a waiter.
8. We ______ good children.
9. My brother and I ______ in the same class.
10. Tom and Jerry ______ cartoon characters.
11. They ______ my parents.
12. He ______ our good neighbour.

I ______ in Grade 1.

47

48

Verbs

have and has

A

Who is saying the right thing?

I have three eyes.

I have two eyes.

The boy

The girl
It has four legs.

It has two legs.

The boy

The girl

Have and has are verbs. They show possession.

We use have with I, you, we and they.
I have
You have
We have

They have

We use has with he, she and it.

She has
He has
It has
You has ten fingers. Right

Wrong

You have ten fingers. Right

Wrong

49

have and has

B

Use have or has correctly to fill in the blanks.

1. He ______ a sister.
2. They ______ a big house.
3. She ______ a nice car.
4. We ______ lots of books.
5. I ______ a little brother.
6. You ______ two pens.
7. It ______ a long tail.
8. He ______ many pencils.
9. We ______ a good school.
10. She ______ a grandmother.
An elephant has a
long trunk.

Birds have wings.

An elephant
has big ears.

Birds have beaks too.

50

have and has

Singular nouns take has.
Plural nouns take have.
an elephant has
elephants have
a bird has
birds have

C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

__________ has horns.

__________ has fins.
__________ have forked tongues.
__________ has a long neck.
__________ have a large eyes.

D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Choose the correct noun from the box to fill in the

blanks.
A goat
A fish
A snake
A giraffe
An owl

Fill in the blanks with either have or has.

The boy ______ short hair.

Girls ______ long hair.
Dogs ______ sensitive noses.
A car ______ four wheels.
Aeroplanes ______ wings.

Goats
Fishes
Snakes
Giraffes
Owls

51

have and has

E

Fill in the blanks with have or has.

I ______ two brothers and two sisters.
My dog ______ a bushy tail.
She ______ a beautiful dress.
We ______ new shoes.
It ______ long ears.
Lions ______ manes.
A donkey ______ small ears.
You ______ a bottle of water.
They ______ many friends.
Mohan ______ a pet monkey.

This lion has a

really big mane.

Prepositions

Where is my doll?

Where are my
shoes, my hat and
my teddy bear?

Your teddy
bear is
between the
table and the
bed.

Your doll is on
the table.

Your shoes are under

the table. Your hat is
in the bag. But I dont
see your teddy bear.

52

53

Prepositions
The words on, under, in and between are
prepositions.
A preposition is a word in front of a noun or
pronoun to show its relation with other words in a
sentence.

Here are some common prepositions.

on
behind

in
over

under
near
between in front of

The fish is in the

water.

The school is in front of my

house.

The bulb is over your

head.

She is standing near the

car.

Prepositions
A

Look at the pictures below. Fill in the blanks with

prepositions.

The cat is jumping ________ the fire.

The snake is _________ the hole.

The monkey is _________ the wall.

The bus is _________ the school.

She is standing _________ the river.

The mouse is __________ the chair.

The tiger is __________ the trees.

54

Prepositions
B

Draw the pictures in the correct places.

Draw a cat on this table.

Draw a fish in this aquarium.

Draw a tree near this house.

Draw a ball under this chair.

Draw a flower between the two rocks.

55

56

Conjunctions

I will put this in my bag.

I will now put this in my bag.

What is there in Meenas bag?

a book and a pencil.
We use and to join words. It is a joining word.
A joining word is called a conjunction.
Is the word and a conjunction? Yes

A
1

No

Look at each picture. Write what you see there using

and.
2

57

Conjunctions
B

Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.

1.

father and __________

2.

teacher and __________

3.

the __________ and the stars

4.

__________ and drink

5.

air and __________

food
student
mother
water
moon

Find words in the box that can be put together. Write

them using and.
daughter
brother
dogs
socks

shoes
black
daddy
shirt

night
day
read
sister

son
coffee
mummy
white

trousers
cats
write
tea

1.

son and daughter

2.

________________________________________

3.

________________________________________

4.

________________________________________

5.

________________________________________

6.

________________________________________

7.

________________________________________

8.

________________________________________

9.

________________________________________

10. ________________________________________

58

Sentences
These are letters.

ABD
FLO
abd
flo

These are words.

Letters combine to
make words.
cow
wants

go

girl
river

These are sentences.

Words combine to
make sentences.

A cow eats grass.

Children love sweets.

A sentence always begins

with a capital letter and ends
with a full stop.

Sentences

59

Can you rearrange the jumbled letters to make words?

hpenaelt
It is the name of a big animal: ______________
astonumni
They are taller than hills: ______________
sorfet
Animals live there: _____________
sfih
They love water: _____________
icnelp
You have it in your bag: ______________

Rearrange the jumbled words to make sentences. Begin

with a capital letter and end with a full stop.
1. fly birds can
_____________________________________________________
2. the live lions jungle in
_____________________________________________________
3. my me love parents
_____________________________________________________
4. is dress this beautiful
_____________________________________________________
5. open the is window
_____________________________________________________

Sentences
C

1.

60

Look at the picture and write ten sentences about it.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

2.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

3.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

4.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

5.

........................................................................................................................................61
........................................................................................................................................

6.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

7.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

8.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

9.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

10.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................