IDEA Campus Energy Conference

Improved operation of the Siemens SGT-300 at
the University of New Hampshire:

Fuel Flexibility and Emissions Compliance
Brian M Igoe
Product Manager SGT-300
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd
Lincoln
UK
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.

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Feb 2011
Page 1
IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL
Energy Sector
Disclaimer
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Trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of Siemens AG, its affiliates or their respective
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Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

Page 2
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Agenda
Abstract
Introduction
Industrial Power Gas Turbine Portfolio
Gas Turbine Cross Section
Background
From Landfill to Campus
Power Island - University of New Hampshire
Off-shore Application Weak Wellhead Gas Fuel
Combustion Rig development Facilities
Dry Low Emissions Combustion System
Intelligent Control System
Fuel System
Fuel Schedule
Control Parameters
Results
Summary
Page 3
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
ABSTRACT
University of New Hampshire operate a Siemens SGT-300 turbine in a co-generation
application on a wide range of fuels, achieving low atmospheric pollution.
Adaptation of DLE combustion configuration:
Wide fuel variation
100% natural gas
100% processed landfill gas
Distillate fuel
Low emissions to atmosphere
Across fuel variation range
Active pilot fuel management
Presentation topics:
Fuel capability
Active pilot control
Results
Proven tri-fuel gas turbine operation capability achieving reliable operation with low exhaust
pollution recognised as an example of good environmental practice.

Page 4
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Introduction
There has been much publicity with regard to the University of New
Hampshire and the use of landfill gas in the gas turbine prime movers at
the heart of the energy centre.
The purpose of todays presentation is to demonstrate how the Siemens
SGT-300 gas turbine was equipped to operate on the much reduced
calorific value fuel compared to natural gas, at the same time of
achieving compliance with both local and national environmental
standards.
Ensuring the gas turbine operates stably and reliably on natural gas,
process landfill gas and distillate fuel has resulted in power and steam
production from a renewable source.
How was this achieved
Page 5
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
From Landfill to Gas Turbine

Processed Landfill Gas

Page 6
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Industrial Power:
Portfolio Overview
Gas Turbines
Type
Power Output (MWe)

0
SGT-100
SGT-200
SGT-300
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
5
7
8
SGT-400
13
SGT-500
18
SGT-600
25
31
SGT-700
SGT-800
47
Page 7
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
SGT-300 Core Engine Cross Section

Dry Low Emissions
Combustion
Compressor
Exhaust
Compressor turbine

Page 8
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
SGT300, Fuel Flexibility with Low Emissions

University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Tri-fuel : Natural Gas, Processed Land-fill
Gas or Liquid
Gas Wobbe Index range 32 to 49 MJ/Nm3
7.6 MW electrical power output

35 MWth steam output
Overall CHP efficiency >77%
Turbine Fleet Reliability >98%
Process LFG & Nat Gas fuel blend
Low Exhaust Emissions : NOx <15ppm
Ambient temperature: -28C to +32C
Page 9
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Background
Off-shore Application using depleted well gas fuel
2001 contract awarded to supply 3 GTs for an off-
shore application
Weak wellhead gas fuel
Fuel contained high inert species, nitrogen, N2 and
carbon dioxide, CO2 (combined 18 20%vol)
Temperature Corrected Wobbe Index (TCWI) of

32-34MJ/Nm3
High Pressure Combustion Rig testing completed
Confirmed the standard dry low emissions
combustion system would operate with these fuel
without any operational concerns
This provided the basis to support the University of New

Hampshires request to use landfill gas as the main fuel
source for the energy centres main power generation.
Page 10
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Research and Development Facilities

High Pressure Combustion Rigs
Allows combustion testing at full engine
temperature and pressure
Facility covers full product range
Gas Fuel Mixing Facility

Ability to mix fuels to meet full WI range
Range 15 65+MJ/Nm3 WI
CO2 & N2
Storage
H2 & CO
containers
Butane/Propane
Storage vessel
Alternative liquid
fuel storage

Page 11
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
SGT-300-1S Medium Cv Fuel Capability - DLE
Wobbe Index = LHV / (SG)
37
Planed
Verified
Extension Extension
MCV
Std burner
65
Standard burner configuration
Medium Calorific Value (MCV)
20
49
Normal
Pipeline NG
High Calorific Value (HCV)
30
40
50
Wobbe Index (MJ/Nm)
SITL Definition
60

Page 12
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Dry Low Emissions Combustion System

Lean pre-mix combustion aimed at achieving low level of exhaust
pollution to atmosphere:
Generic design across product range
Simple combustion system
Robust with no moving parts
Fuel control by external fuel control valves (pilot and main)
Extensive operation - many millions of hours
Developed in the early/mid 1990s and enhanced over recent years to
operate over wider ranges of fuels:
Includes medium Calorific Value fuels
Containing high levels of inert species
Recognise potential contamination limits

Page 13
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
DLE Lean Pre-mix Combustion

Main Burner
Pilot Burner
Double Skin
Impingement
Cooled Combustor
SGT300
SGT200
SGT400
SGT100
Igniter

Page 14
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
DLE Lean Pre-mix Combustor

Igniter
Liquid
Core
Pilot
Burner
50 - 70%
Primary Air
Flow
Main Burner
Radial
Swirler
Low temperature in primary zone
Local Max Temp 1870 - 1910 K
Reduced Cooling and

Dilution by using same air
for both duties
Main Gas
Injection
Pilot Gas
Injection
Pre Chamber
Air
Igniter
Gas/Air
Mix
Gas
Air
Double Skin
Impingement
Cooled Combustor

Page 15
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Fuel System
Fuel delivery to GT:
Pilot
Ignition and pull away
Minimum flow at high loads for stability
Main
Pre-mixed fuel
Homogeneous mixture; achieves low emissions
Fuel System
Filter & block Valve

Profiled flow control valve
Robust actuator
Good response and feedback
Fine control enabled

Page 16
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Fuel System
Fuel Schedule and control
Typical Pilot Fuel Schedule
Predefined, with little variability

Conservative, little account made of site
conditions and fuels
Improved Fuel control
Automatic adjustments of pilot

schedule:
minimise combustion dynamics
Controls burner tip temperature (high)
under both steady state and transient
operation)
High Burner Tip
Temperature
Increased reliability achieved
reduced trips associated with low

frequency combustion dynamics and tip
temperature excursions
Combustion Dynamics

Page 17
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
What is Intelligent Fuel Control

a control algorithm that automatically adjusts the pilot fuel flow split
(within predefined limits)
offers a means to reduce high levels of low frequency combustion
dynamics or high burner tip temperatures during both transient and
steady state running
helps improve running reliability at part load operating conditions by
reducing the number of trips related to combustion dynamics or high
tip temperatures
compensates for fluctuations in ambient conditions and fuel
composition
minimises NOx emissions
Page 18
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Intelligent Fuel Control

Control of fuel schedule
Pilot split
control required to ensure both

combustion dynamics and component
temperatures managed
need to control to lowest acceptable
pilot to achieve best emissions
signature (NOx emissions)
wide variation in fuel composition
High Burner Tip Temperatures
High Extinction Dynamics

(Flameout)
Load
Copyright Siemens
Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.
Page 19
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
UNH
Intelligent fuel control
Use of monitored and recorded turbine
operating parameters to provide control
and feedback
Control of pilot fuel schedule to achieve
low emissions without introducing issues
Introduced Autumn 2009, and
continually monitored
Site engine commissioned:
Burner temperature
Pressure dynamics
Fuel control WI set-point 32MJ/m3

Tested to <30MJ/m3 set-point
18 months operation: excess of 10,000

operating hours
TET
Engine
Control
Unit
Fuel Control
Module
Pilot fuel
Main fuel

Page 20
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Impact of Fuel on Wobbe Index and Emissions

Active Control of Pilot Fuel Schedule

Page 21
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Benefit of Intelligent Control of Fuel Schedule

Results
Data recorded from same months 1 year apart

2009 as originally installed fuel schedule
2010 with intelligent control applied
Significant lowering of NOx emissions (histogram
does not resolve to actual load regime)

Page 22
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Site Data: 26th Jan 2011

Emissions:
NOx 13.5ppm corr to
15% O2
Blend Station:
90.2% PLG in blend
PLG flow-rate: 2050scfm
GT Output:
7923kw

Page 23
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Operation
Commissioned on Processed Landfill gas (PLG) April 2008
Continued to operate on PLG blend with shorter periods of distillate
operation, usually when quality of PLG has been compromised (for
example, upset condition at processing plant).
Intelligent control of fuel schedule commissioned Oct 2009 and has
shown significant improvement in exhaust emissions, with periods of
very low, <10ppm. NOx (corr to 15% O2 dry exhaust).
Measurable increase in turbine uptime, due to reduced number of

shutdowns associated with burner tip temperatures and combustion
dynamics (leading to flame-out)
Operation across a wide range of loads; maintaining low emissions
Page 24
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Summary and Conclusion
Full advantage taken of widened fuels range of the SGT-300 gt standard

DLE combustion system
The SGT-300 gas turbine operated by UNH has proven tri-fuel capability,
in that it can operate with:
Processed Landfill Gas
Natural Gas
Distillate Fuel
Low levels of atmospheric pollution achieved
Using control of compressor VGV for part load
Applying intelligent control of fuel pilot schedule
Recognised as an application of good environmental practice and
achievement.
Page 25
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Any Questions ?

Page 26
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Our values
Our Values for a global business

Responsible
Committed to ethical and responsible actions
Excellent
Achieving high performance and

excellent results
Innovative
Being innovative to create sustainable value
Highest performance meets highest ethical standards

Page 27
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Compliance is the top priority
Prevent
Detect
through clear rules, training

programs, communication and
clear responsibilities
compliance violations
through audits, reviews and
monitoring
Act
with rigorous and
appropriate measures in cases
of compliance violations
Uniform, seamless and mutually complementary legal, compliance and audit

processes worldwide
Compliance must be part of our company culture and firmly anchored in all
business processes
Unlimited commitment to integrity and responsible action
A business based on the highest ethical principles at all times and

everywhere in the world
Page 28
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
" I have made the topic of compliance one of my top
priorities.
There will be no compromises here: Illegal and improper
behavior will not be tolerated under any circumstances."

(Peter Lscher, President and CEO of Siemens AG)

Page 29
Feb 2011
Energy Sector
Thank you for your attention!

Please address all correspondence to:
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd
Ruston House
P O Box 1
Waterside South
Lincoln LN5 7FD
England
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd. No part of this
document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, including photocopying and recording without the
written permission of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd

Page 30
Feb 2011
Energy Sector

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Improved operation of the Siemens SGT-300 at

the University of New Hampshire:

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd.

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

pollution recognised as an example of good environmental practice.

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

From Landfill to Gas Turbine

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Power Output (MWe)

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

SGT-300 Core Engine Cross Section

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

SGT300, Fuel Flexibility with Low Emissions

7.6 MW electrical power output

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Temperature Corrected Wobbe Index (TCWI) of

This provided the basis to support the University of New

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Research and Development Facilities

Gas Fuel Mixing Facility

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

SGT-300-1S Medium Cv Fuel Capability - DLE

Wobbe Index = LHV / (SG)

Standard burner configuration

Medium Calorific Value (MCV)

High Calorific Value (HCV)

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Dry Low Emissions Combustion System

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

DLE Lean Pre-mix Combustion

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

DLE Lean Pre-mix Combustor

Low temperature in primary zone

Local Max Temp 1870 - 1910 K

Reduced Cooling and

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Filter & block Valve

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Typical Pilot Fuel Schedule

Predefined, with little variability

Improved Fuel control

Automatic adjustments of pilot

Increased reliability achieved

reduced trips associated with low

Copyright Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd 2010. All rights reserved.

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

What is Intelligent Fuel Control

IDEA Campus Conference Feb 21-25 Miami FL

Intelligent Fuel Control

control required to ensure both

High Burner Tip Temperatures

High Extinction Dynamics