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I.
INTRODUCTION
There are two main types of transformation diagram that are helpful in selecting the
optimum steel and processing route to achieve a given set of properties. These are timetemperature transformation (TTT) and continuous cooling transformation (CCT)
diagrams. CCT diagrams are generally more appropriate for engineering applications as
components are cooled (air cooled, furnace cooled, quenched etc.) from a processing
temperature as this is more economic than transferring to a separate furnace for an
isothermal treatment.
A. Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams
Measure the rate of transformation at a constant temperature. In other words a sample is
austenitised and then cooled rapidly to a lower temperature and held at that temperature
whilst the rate of transformation is measured, for example by dilatometry. Obviously a
large number of experiments is required to build up a complete TTT diagram.
B. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams
Measure the extent of transformation as a function of time for a continuously decreasing
temperature. In other words a sample is austenitised and then cooled at a predetermined
rate and the degree of transformation is measured, for example by dilatometry. Obviously
a large number of experiments is required to build up a complete CCT diagram.
II.
Problem Solving
A. Time Temperature Transformation Diagram (TTT-Diagram)
Problems
Solutions
a. Rapidly cooled from 7600C to 3500C and held for 104 s, all of the Austenite
transformed into 100% bainite and no further transformation is possible.
b. Rapidly cooled from 7600C to 2500C and held for 100 s, there will be no
transformation of the Austenite. In the last phase will be 100% Martensite.
c. Rapidly cooled from 7600C to 6500C and held for 20 s, 50% part of Austenite
transformed into pearlite and 50% part of austenite transformed into bainite.
0.0050C/s
0.010C/s
0.20C/s
50C/s
100C/s
Solutions
a. When 0.0050C/s curve (very slow) the position of curve is the right of 0.006 0C/s
Curve, Austinite transformed into Ferrite pro-eutectoid + Pearlite
b. When 0.010C/s curve, the position of curve is between the 0.02 0C/s and 0.0060C/s
curves. A part of the Austenite transformed into Martensite, Ferrite pro-eutectoid,
Pearlite, and Bainite
c. When 0.20C/s curve, the position of curve is between the 0.02 0C/s and 0.30C/s curves.
A part of the Austenite transformed into Martensite, Ferrite pro-eutectoid, and Bainite
d. When 50C/s curve, the position of the curve is between the 0.30C/s and 8.30C/s. A part
of the Austenite transformed into Martensite and Bainite
e. When 100C/s curve, the position of the curve is left of the 8.3 0C/s curve. All of the
austenite transformed into Martensite