"Cancer"

Introduction of Cancer
This is Project Report/Essay - Cancer. Among disease, Cancer ranks
high as a major killer being responsible in recent years. Cancer is
estimated that about one million people in United States receives
treatment for some kind of Cancer each year. Of these, more than half
are new cases, having been diagnosed for the first time during the year. If
present trends continue, about one fourth of the nation's citizen's will sooner
or later develop cancer.
These are several kinds cancer all of them malignant tumors. A tumor is a
swelling or mass resulting from abnormal growth of tissue. Cancer is likely to
damage important or vital organs or tissue in any or all part of the body.
Causing serious disease and often death.

Observation:-

Now a days, lot of people suffer from unavoidable disease known as

cancer.

Problem:Cancer still tolls huge numbers of lines. In spite of effective treatment,

basic understanding of the causes and factors responsible for cancer.

Hypothesis:1. Cancer remain unidentified in initial stage.

2. Carcinogens induces cancer which are prevent in environment due to
pollution.
3. Normal genes of body become defective and cause cancer.
4. Lack of awareness in public to identify the cancer.
The cancer is an incurable disease but it can be treated by combination
of surgery, drugs and radiation therapy.

Types of Cancer
Some important type of Cancer is:1. Leukemia: Cancer of blood in which white blood cells
show an abnormal increase.
2. Carcinomas: Cancer of epithelial cells.

3. Sarcomas: Cancer of connective tissue.

4. Lymphomas: Cancer of lymphatic tissue.
5. Lipomas : Cancer of adipose tissue.

Characteristic of Cancer Cells

A few important characteristic of Cancer Cells are given below :
1. Cancer cell cultures are immortal and can grow indefinitely.
2. Cancer cell do not show contact inhibition.
3. Cancer Cells lack intracellular adhesion.
4. Cancer Cells does not depend upon anchorage.

5. In cancer cells molecular changes in all membrane components

(glycolipids and glycoprotein) have been found.
6. Tuberous cells consume much more glucose than normal cell because they
have to grow and multiply.

Causes of Cancer
The cause of cancer is not fully understood. However it is known
that some chemicals are carcinogenic or cancer causing. Some
causes of cancer are given below:
1. Certain chemicals found in cigarette and smoke, asbestoses,
nickel and certain dyes, to mention only a few of the many
substances implicated in the induction of cancer.
2. Heredity has a definite influence on the occurrence of cancer in
human being.
3. Exposure of ultraviolet rays also cause cancer.

4. X-Rays can also induce cancer.

5. Tobacco chewing is also the main cause of the oral cancer.
6. Syphilis of the tongue, jagged teeth often precedes cancer of
the tongue.
There must be still other factors in the causing of cancer. We
should lookout for any condition likely to cause cancer or for
the earliest signs of what may be developing cancer.

Cancer Symptoms
1. Any persistent lump or thickening in tissue, especially in the
lip and tongue or breast.
2. Unexplained lose of weight.
3. Difficulty in swallowing.
4. Persistent cough or hoarseness.
5. A change in digestive habits.
6. Loss of blood through natural orifice or excess out of date
loss of blood in women.
7. Change in colour of infected areas (like male wart)
8. A swelling or sore throat that does not heal easily.

Carcinogens
Carcinogen target tissue
1. Coulter (3, 4 benzopirene)

skin, lungs

2. Cadmium oxide

prostrate glands

3. Afiotoxin (a mould metabolite)

liver

4. Mustard gas

lungs

5. Nickel and chromium

lungs

6. 2-napthylamine and 4- aminobiphynle

7. Cigarette smoke

urinary bladder
lungs

Location for Cancer

Cancer occurring in any one part of body has unique
characteristic. Now there is a list in alphabetical order the
various parts of body in which cancer commonly occurs.
1. Bile Ducts:
The bile ducts may become involved either with cancer
developing within the ducts themselves or with cancer in

adjacent structures. The earlier significant symptom in

Jaundice, which results from continuous obstruction to flow of
bile.

2. Breast:
The breast is the common site of cancer in women lumps in the breasts is
caused by cancer. So the physician is dealing with early case of lump in the
breast, has to differentiate between benign tumour and malignant one.

3. Bone:
The cancer of bone grows due to blood streams or from some adjacent organ
or tissues. Bone cancer causes pain swelling and weaken the bone.

4. Esophagus:
Cancer of Esophagus is also common it may occur in any part of organ from
the throat on down, but mostly in the lower part. Due to cancer of
Esophagus, there is difficulty in the swallowing.

5. Lung:
The cancer of lungs is becoming

more

prominent in our country which

causes maximum death in our
country.
The main reason for the lung cancer
cigarette without treatment the
survival rate for the usual type of
cancer is zero. In the total type of
cancer 40% are infected by the lung
cancer.
The reason for the high mortality rate :

is
lung

1. It is highly malignant.
2. It causes no distinctive early symptoms.

6. Ovary:
This is the most dreadful cancer amongst the women. The most of
the women die due to cancer of ovary in our country. This can be
treated by surgery.
7. Pancreas:
The cancer of pancreas causes the pain in the upper part of the
membrane. Cancer of pancreas also causes Jaundice. The cancer is
highly malignant cancer of pancreas is more common in men than
women. This can be removed by surgery.
8. Stomach:
Cancer of stomach is also more common in men than women.
Symptoms are indigestion, loss of appetite, loss of weight etc.
Surgical removal without delay of all or part of the stomach is only
proper treatment.
9. Thyroid:
This cancer causes the enlargement of thyroid gland, development
of nodules in the gland. The removal of these nodules is very
necessary for the treatment of this disease.
10. Tongue:
Cancer of tongue cause more death than any other cancer within
the mouth. It results persistent inflammation

Cure and Treatment of Cancer

Diagnosis:
Biopsy of tissue, endoscopy (Gastro scope for stomach), X-Rays
ultrasound are important tests.

Antcarcinogens :
They are the substances which prevent the action of carcinogens.
Antcarcinogens occur in green yellow vegetables, fruits, milk. They are
riboflavin (milk), flavonoids (green-yellow vegetables and fruits),
Vitamin C, indoles (Cabbage) etc. B-carotene present in green yellow
vegetables is promoter-inhibitor which weakens the action of cancer
promoters.

Treatment of Cancer:
Surgery,
Bone
marrow
grafting
(for
leukemia), radiotherapy (exposure to radio isotopes), hormonal
therapy, chemo therapy (use of chemicals) drugs which are more
toxic to cancer cells than normal cells. Two drugs (Vincristin and
Vinblastin) from catharanthus roseus (Vinca-rosea) are effective in

controlling leukemia. Toxal is anticancer drug obtained from Taxus

baccata.

Conclusion
Cancer disease is incurable, but timely action can cure this
disease to some extent. X-Rays and Radium have proved to be
valuable aid to surgery in the treatment of many cases. They
provide
the
only
useful
treatment
for cancer
of
lymph
node
tissues, for
cancers
too
extended
to
the
curable irritation also helps to cause the cancer tissue to shrink
and give relief.

We
feel
that we
must
consult
an

experienced physician for a thorough examination and advice if

any suspicious sign or symptoms is observed. Delay can cause
the death or a person. Therefore such delay is very dangerous.
.

Rod Echols

Colorectal cancer - Stage III

Overview

Cancer:
Stage III Colorectal cancer

Diagnosed:
2012

Treatments received:
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
therapy, TomoTherapy, nutrition
therapy, naturopathic medicine

Treatment at:

CTCA at Southeastern Regional Medical Center

 Care Team:
George Daneker, Jr., MD
Christian Hyde, MD
Haritha Pabbathi, MD
David Oster, ND

My story
After noticing some blood in my stools, I was diagnosed with hemorrhoids by my local
physician. I have a family history of colon cancer, and this problem made me wonder if I
might be suffering from the same disease. I had no pain but I suspected something more
than hemorrhoids was causing the problem. I was 38 years old at the time, and my wife,
Keisha, and I had two young children.I followed my instinct and scheduled a colonoscopy,
which revealed a polyp that was positive for cancer. I was referred to a local surgeon in
Atlanta. This surgeon tried to remove the polyp with minimally invasive surgery, but
during the procedure, the surgeon noticed that the cancer was deeper than previously
suspected. Also, it had spread to my lymph nodes. I decided to seek a second opinion.
There were no local CTCA facilities at the time but I called the location outside Chicago
and traveled there for a consultation. The staff there made all our arrangements. Keisha
and I flew there with our daughter, we were picked up at the airport, and hotel
accommodations were made for the week we spent there meeting with different doctors
and having tests done.The timing worked out well for us because the CTCA facility
outside Atlanta was opening up. So after our experience with getting a second opinion, I
decided to pursue treatment at CTCAat the new facility that was just a short drive from
our house.

Getting through treatment

After surgery, my treatment has consisted of chemotherapy and radiation. I took Xeloda at first,
and now I am taking a combination of Xeloda and oxaliplatin.
The medications cause fatigue and sensitivity to cold. My care team at CTCA prepared me for
these side effects. They took away my gelato when I first started treatment because they knew it
would be painful for me to eat something that cold. The sensitivity lasts for a week or two after
each treatment. Other side effects have also been addressed by my care team. My naturopathic
clinician and dietitian recommended B complex, glutamine, L-glutamine, supplementing my food
intake with a protein shake, and making sure to eat fruits that would help keep my energy levels
up, like bananas and berries.
I was one of the first patients to be treated at Southeastern Regional Medical Center. It was really
helpful to have the surgeon and radiation oncologist in the room at the same time discussing my
treatment. The team has gone out of its way to provide the best care possible. The radiation
team stayed late when I needed it, and everyone arranged their schedule around mine. My
doctors took whatever time was needed to answer whatever questions Keisha and I had about
my treatment and recovery.

With this support, and the support and amazing care that Keisha has given me, I have been able
to continue working. No one at my workplace even knew I had cancer while I was going through
chemotherapy and radiation. When I was about to undergo surgery, I let my coworkers know.
They were so inspired by my ability to continue working while I was coping with treatment.

Support

for my support

Keisha has been my caregiver while Ive been going through cancer treatment. The team
at CTCA has recognized her vital role in my care from the start. When we arrive for my
treatment, the staff members ask her how she is doing. It can be very stressful for her to
handle my needs and take care of our two children. My care team makes sure she knows
there are people at CTCA she can talk with to help her get through the stress.
My care team has made sure to include Keisha in all discussions. She has to hear what
the dietitian recommends because she is the one purchasing groceries. They have
educated her about what vegetables I need, provided recipes, and even made sure to
offer child-friendly ideas so whatever Keisha prepares for me will be good for the whole
family. Having access to a nutritionist and then implementing her recommendations has
changed our whole lifestyle.
But that wasnt all. The care team also made sure Keisha looked after herself. They
encouraged her to get a massage while I had radiation, which she did. They made time
to ask about her questions and concerns, and they responded to everything. She knew
everything I would be going through, how long the anesthesia would lastevery last
detail. I knew Keisha needed that kind of support to stay strong. I was so glad to be
somewhere where the caregiver is treated with the same importance as the patient.
Im very grateful that Keisha has been there for me through all this. Weve been married
for six years and I am looking forward to decades together. My son is starting to play

sports now and Im able to attend all his events. I feel well and I keep a positive mindset
about my future health. CTCA has become like an extended family for us.

Keisha's story
CTCA was in the back of my mind when Rod began his cancer treatment but I
didnt mention it at first because the facility near us had not opened yet. The CEO
of a company I used to work for had gone through cancer treatment at CTCA and
had spoken highly of his care there. When Rod got his initial diagnosis, there was a
sense of urgency so we went with the surgeon whod been recommended locally.
When that surgeon mentioned a second procedure, I knew I wanted to get a
second opinion. Rod had seen a CTCA commercial and decided to call. He had such
a look of relief after speaking with CTCA. We knew that was where he needed to
go.
At most doctor offices, the focus is on the patient, as it should be. But when there
is a spouse or other caregiver who is cooking the meals and taking care of the
patient, that caregiver also needs to be involved. CTCA includes the caregiver. Im
not sure that happens anywhere else. The doctors involve me, as his caregiver, in
all conversations and decisions.
I have worked for several years in customer service, including at a five-star hotel,
and I am very sensitive to that dynamic. At CTCA, we received the best care and
service imaginable. There was nothing that was not thought of or done.
Staying positive is crucial for the patient and for the caregiver. We are all human
and we all have moments of weakness. Taking advantage of the services offered
by CTCA was so helpful. I would recommend that other caregivers do the same.
You dont have to handle this all on your own.
CTCA is a community for the patient and for you: Everyone involved should use
their support systems. I was able to speak with a dietitian who addressed not just
Rods needs but our entire familys nutritional needs. I got massages and talked to
people about how to help my husband cope with side effects. I could talk to
anyone just as easily as he could. Communication is so important to treatment.
CTCA could not have done a better job with communicating about every aspect of
my husbands diagnosis, care and recovery.