| COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE & ORGANIZATION LAB

Computer Architecture &

Organization
Lab Report

PROGRAM: BSCS-4B

Submitted By:
Aboubakar
Mattiullah Shahzad
Nabeel Ahmad

03-134142-003
03-134142-065
03-134142-073

Department of CS & IT| Bahria University Lahore Campus

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| COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE & ORGANIZATION LAB

Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................3
Learning in CAO lab session................................................................................3
Lab 1.................................................................................................................3
Lab 2.................................................................................................................3
Lab 3.................................................................................................................4
Lab 4.................................................................................................................4
Lab 5 & 6..........................................................................................................4
Lab 7 & 8..........................................................................................................4
Lab 9.................................................................................................................4
Lab 11...............................................................................................................4
Lab 12...............................................................................................................4
Lab 13, 14 & 15................................................................................................4

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Introduction
Computer Architecture and Organization is the study of internal

working, structuring and implementation of a computer system.

Architecture in computer system, same as anywhere else, refers to
the externally visual attributes of the system.
Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible

to a programmer, or put another way, those attributes that have a

direct impact on the logical execution of a program.
Computer organization refers to the operational units and their

interconnection that realize the architecture specification.

Architecture of computer system can be considered as a catalog of
tools available for any operator using the system, while
Organization will be the way the system is structured so that all
those cataloged tools can be used, and that in an efficient fashion.

Learning in CAO lab session

Lab 1

In first lab, we came to know the basics of software i.e. MARS that
how to use this software. There were various concepts in MIPS
assembly on MARS like ( .asciiz, .ascci , .text , .main , .globl main
etc ). All these concepts we did in the first lab, we can say a bit intro
about the assembly language on MARS i.e. how to write the
assembly code on MARS software.

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Lab 2

In second lab, we came to know that how to view the registers in

hexa/decimal form and we did many operations like shift operation
and bitwise operations.
We perform programs to of finding the sum of array by simple
method and by using the branch instruction and loops. We handle
the sum of array using loops.
Lab 3

In third lab, we perform the use of system calls like print the
integer, print the float, read integer, read string, exit etc. We
perform jal instructions. We did various examples regarding
procedures and user defined functions and syscalls to more clarify
the concept.
Lab 4

In forth lab, we came to know about the concept of variables, frame

pointers and recursions. We perform different programs on MARS
like calculate the factorial for the clarification of concepts of stack
and recursion.
Lab 5 & 6

In fifth and sixth lab, we practice the above mentioned concepts

for more efficient coding in MARS.
Lab 7 & 8

In seventh and eight labs, we practice how to handle the stack

pointer and how to reverse the stack values in MIPS. We perform
how to merge different arrays using the concept of stack pointer.
Lab 9

In tenth lab, we came to know about the new software which is

PROSIM (PROCESSORSIM) that how to use it and how to stimulate it.
Lab 11

In Eleventh lab, we use PROTEUS to know more about the ALU

(ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT) which we had already used in previous
semester but we integrate many concepts and using advance

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concepts of PROTEUS to performs various functions. We use proteus

to design the 1 bit ALU.
Lab 12

In Twelve lab, we use XILINX software and we had a lil bit

introduction to basic syntax of Verilog and gate level modeling using
XILINX. In this lab we practice how to use XILINX software and how
to code on XILINX.
Lab 13, 14 & 15

In thirteen, fourteen and fifteen labs, we perform various

practices on XILINX regarding the stimulation of FULL and 4 bit
ripple carry adder in GLA. We did data flow level programming in
VERILOG using the XILINX and the implementation of different types
of adders in data flow modeling.

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