Result

Experiment 1
Boyles Law Experiment
Calculation for PV of the gas for the conditions from pressurized to atmospheric
When

P1=1.47 kPa

and the volume of the tank is 0.025 m

Boyles Law
P1 V 1 +P2 V 2=P3 V 3 + P 4 V 4
Before expansion:
3

P1 V 1=147 kPa 0.025 m =3.675 kPa m

3

P2 V 2 =101kPa 0.01237 m =1.2494 kPa m

After expansion:
3

P3 V 3 =131 kPa 0.025 m =3.275 kPam

P4 V 4 =131 kPa 0.01237 m3 =1.6205 kPa m3

Percentage error
P 1 V 1 + P2 V 2

100
( P3 V 3 + P4 V 4 )

()( P3 V 3 + P4 V 4)

3.675+1.2494

()kPa m (3.275+1.6205)kPam 3
100
( 3.275+1.6205 ) kPa m3

The calculation is repeated by using the data from atmospheric to vacuum and from
pressurized to vacuum.
Volume ( m

Before Expansion
Pressure (kPa)
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
147
101
3.675
1.2494
P1 V 1 + P2 V 2
4.92437

Tank 1

Tank 2

0.025

0.0123
7

After Expansion
Pressure
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
131
131
3.275
1.6205
P3 V 3 + P 4 V 4
4.89547

Table 1: From Pressurized to Atmospheric

Before Expansion
Pressure (kPa)
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
101
16
2.525 0.19792
P1 V 1 + P2 V 2
2.72292

3
Volume ( m )

Tank 1

Tank 2

0.025

0.0123
7

After Expansion
Pressure
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
71
71
1.775
0.8727
P3 V 3 + P 4 V 4
2.65327

Table 2: From Atmospheric to Vacuum

Before Expansion
Pressure (kPa)
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
141
25
3.525 0.20925
P1 V 1 + P2 V 2
3,83425

3
Volume ( m )

Tank 1

Tank 2

0.025

0.0123
7

After Expansion
Pressure
PV=nRT
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 1 Tank 2
100
100
2.5
1.237
P3 V 3 + P 4 V 4
3.737

Table 3: From Pressurized to Vacuum

Conditions
Percentage Error (%)
From pressurized to atmospheric
1
From atmospheric to vacuum
3
From Pressurized to vacuum
3
Table 4: Percentage Error for different conditions
Experiment 2
Gay-Lussac Law Experiment
T1
24.1
24.6
25.6
26.4
27.2

Temperature (C)
T2
T3
24.2
24.3
24.8
25.7
26.7

24.2
24.3
24.8
25.6
26.6

T average

Pressure
(kPa)

24.167
24.4
25.067
25.9
26.833

100
110
120
130
140

27.7
28.5

27.5
28.1

27.5
27.567
28.2
28.267
Table 5: Pressure Rise

Temperature (C)
T2
T3

T1
28.5
27.5
26.6
25.9
24.8
24.4
24.3

28.7
28.3
27.4
26.3
25.3
24.5
24.2

150
160

Pressure
(kPa)

T average

28.7
28.633
28.0
27.933
26.7
26.900
25.7
25.967
24.8
24.967
24.2
24.367
24.0
24.167
Table 6: Pressure Drop

160
150
140
130
120
110
100

Pressure vs Temperature
30
28
26
Temperature

Pressure (kPa)

24
22
20

Pressure

Figure 1: Graph pressure vs temperature

Experiment 3
Isentropic Expansion Process
Calculation for
P1= R1 T 1

R1

R 1=

P1
T1

R1=

156000 Pa
=425.483 J /kg
3
1.225 kg/m 299.3 K

Calculation for

1
R

Assume number of mole is 1 mol.

1=m R1
R

1=0.02897 k g /mol 425.483 J /kg=12.326 J /mol

R
Density
of air
(
kg /m3

molar
mass of
air
(g/mol)

)
1.225

0.02897

P1
(
kPa
)
15600
0

First State
T1
R1
(K)

1
R

(J /kg)

(J /mol)

P2

Second State
T2
R2

(
kPa

(
K

)
299. 425.48 12.326 10100
3
3
0
Table 7: Gas constant of the air

)
296.
1

(J /kg)

278.45
0

2
R

(J /mol)

8.067

Calculation of percentage error

Experimental Gas Constant

()(Theoretical GasConstant )
100
( Theoretical GasConstant )

425.483 J /kg

()(287 J /kg)
100 =48
( 287 J /kg )

The calculation is repeated by using

1
R
and

R2

2
R
which are 12.326 J /mol

which is 278.450 J /kg and also for the

and 8.067 J /mol .

Experimental Gas
Constant
(J /kg)
R1
425.48
3

Theoretica
l Gas
Constant,
R

Error of R
(%)

Experimental
Universal Gas
Constant
(J /mol)

Constant,

(%)
2
R

278.45
287
48% 3% 12.32 8.067
8.314
48%
0
6
Table 8: Percentage Error of Gas Constant and Universal Gas Constant

3%

R1

R2

2
R

Error of

1
R

R2

1
R

Theoretical
Universal Gas