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English Bachillerato Prep Course

A Guide to Preparing Students for the Ministry of Educations Graduation Exam
!

By Megon Coon, Ken Ferrell and Kevin Klott

Peace Corps TEFL Volunteers
Costa Rica
!
!

Dear Fellow Volunteers,

All high school seniors (11th grade for liceo and colegio acadmico, or 12th grade for
colegio tcnico) must pass the English graduation exam (bachillerato de ingls) in order to
graduate from high school. This exam focuses entirely on reading comprehension
skills, and without adequate preparation, passing this exam can be a major challenge
for native Spanish speakers.
Students are allowed two and a half hours to complete 70 multiple-choice questions.
They will encounter 16 or 17 reading texts with two to six questions per text.
The names of the subjects in the table below are listed as they appear in the Ministry of
Education (MEP) curriculum. The subjects are also listed in order of appearance on the
exam. In this manual, we
1. Achievements of Our National Athletes
have changed some of the
2. Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts
subject names for
3. Costa Rican Typical Food
simplification but the
4. Types of Food (recipes)
content remains the same.
Also included in the exam
is a short grammar section
that focuses on important
grammar topics such as
antonyms and synonyms,
prefixes and suffixes,
linking words,
conjunctions, homographs,
and homophones.

5. Eating Habits and Behaviors at the Table

6. Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and Other English
Speaking Countries
7. Causes and Effects of the Misuse of Natural Resources
8. Travel
9. Common Illnesses and New Diseases and Epidemics
10. Our Democratic Tradition
11. Careers, Jobs and Lifestyles
12. Science and Technology
13. Morals and Values
14. Mass Media and Communication

Important reading comprehension skills for the test include: deducing meaning from
context, finding key words within a text, focusing on general meaning (not the meaning of
every word), and understanding how modal verbs change a sentences meaning. Some
important test taking skills for the test include: reading questions first to identify required
information, using a process of elimination to discount nonsense answers, and identifying
important words or phrases that can alter a questions meaning (not, isnt).
The purpose of this manual is to provide the lesson plans, worksheets, and practice
readings an instructor would need to conduct a preparatory course for the English
bachillerato exam. The vocabulary outlined in the course was taken directly from past
exams in order to best prepare students for actual language seen on the exam. The
lessons were designed to be conducted mostly in Spanish, considering the low level of
spoken English of many high school students.
Good luck!

Megon, Ken and Kevin

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'\

sELEccr6N 0nrce

Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 11,2, 3,4, 5 and 6).

SPECIAL OLYMPICS FROM COSTA RICA

Erick,

33-year-old swimmer and the oldest son of Eli6cer

Zumbado and Aracelly Mora, was happy when he received the

news that he would be one of the five new members of the

Costa Rican Sports Hall of Fame. Erick is the first athlete with a disability (Down
syndrome) who is.part of the Hall of Fame. He attributes his achievement to his
hard work and dedication to training and swimming tournaments under the guidance

of his trainer Heriberto Cespedes. Erick gets up at dawn from Monday

through

Saturday to travel from his home in Vuelta de Jorco in Aserrl to Desamparados to

work until 3:00 p.m. at the Labor Workshop of Good Will lndustries. After work, he
goes to Barreal de Heredia to train from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m: swimming 3,700

meters. He began swimming at the age of 14, in 1989, when his parents d6cided to
enroll him in a recreational swimming program in Heredia. Without realizing it, they
were setting out on a road of success for the entire family. "Knowing that Erick had

Down syndrome was very painful because it is something that you never expect.
We.were ovenrvhelmed at first, but we faced it," Mrs. Mora remembered. lnstead of

being disappointed, she and her husband accepted the situation and resolved to
give Erick the opportunity to grow and succeed. Erick has won 48 medals'in local
competitions, as well as nine awards in three Special Olympics World Games:
Connecticut (USA) in 1995, North Carolina, USA in 1999 and Dublin, lreland, in
2003.

1)

,.

.t .'

'

., .,'

Howold'was Erick when he started training?

A)
B)
C)
D)
lN11-08

Just nine
Fourteen

Thirtythree
More than fourteen

2')

For how long has Erick,been swirnming?

A)
B)
C)

Since 1g9S
For nineteen years
For thirty-three years

D)'Sinee.hgiiias sgventeen
'tl
,l'

: .
'*

3)

C)
D)
A!

I
4)

Around fourteen
Less thal forty-nine
More than forty eight
Less than thirty-three

\Mrere does Erick go to train? He goes to train to

A)
B)
C)
D)
6)

Advanced
Beginners
Professional
Entertainment

How many medals has Erick won until now?

A)
B)
C)
D)

-I

,.i

t''l' '

\A/hat type of program did Erick's parents enroil him?

A)
B)

5)

. .-

Guadatupe
Desamparados
Vuelto de Jorco

Barrealde Heredia

What time does Erick train?

A)
B)
C)
D)
tN11-08

ln the evening
ln the afternoon
Very early in the morning
ln the middle of the morning

t!

sELECcrOru 0nrCR
Read the text below.

T:\

/
ADRIAN ROBERT: THE LEGEND

Adri6n Robert Bonilla was born onr March 24, 1966 in Barrio Escalante,. San Jos6,
Costa Rica. He is Hilda Bonilla's and Fernando Robert's'
youngest son: As a child, Adri5n was very healthy and
energetic. Adri6n has four brothers, Fernando, Daniel,
.:Enrique,' qnd Arturo. They taught him how to ride
.motorcycles. The first time ,he rode one, he was
eleven years old. All the males in the Robert family
have almost'the same physical appearance, mainly
the shape of their face. That is why many people
' get confused, and they are not.always sure about
who is who,in the Robert family.
AdriSn is a very skillful motordycle rider who has won 39 national competitions and 1,5
Latin American tournaments. He is considering retiring pretry soon frorn motocross. He
will continue participating in motocross tournaments just for fun but not to compete.

Transtated a:nd adapted from'La NablOn ny Virgina Jara.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence.
(ltems from 1 to 5)

1)

Adri6n Robert is considered

A)
B)
C)
D)

rN11-09

a very successful

motorcycle rider because he

is healthy and energetic

has won many championships
has won more than 39 national championships
has the same physical appearance as his brothers

2)

This outstanding athlete has raced'not only. in Costa Rica but also

A)
B)
C)
D)
3)

Barrio Escalante
foreign countries
his country
San Jose

"

The writersaysthat:Adriin is.thinking of ,

;

in

,,

,,

1,. ,,t .: ...

this sport as a pro{,essional

,' A) practicing
B)' retiring gpm competitive racing

C) racing motorcycles
D) havi4gafamily

'

4)

Adri6n had his first experience as a motorcycle rider when he was a(n)

A)
B)
C)
D)
5)

. '

adult
teenager
young boy
elderly man

Adridn has

A) won more national than international competitions B) won more internationalthan local competitions
C) ridden motor.cycles professionatly all of his life
D) "gotten confused during many competitions
,

|N11.09

.2

SELECCION UNICA
Read the text below.

NATTONAL SURFTNG CHAMPTONSHTPS

Costa Rican summer has arrived in Jaco. Each year the countryls best
talents fight against waves that occasionally reach great heights.

Diego Naranjo, Jason Torres, and.Gilbbrth Brown were the

national champions in the Men's Open Category in 2007.
-

Germain, "Nino" Myrie, was the national champion for the first
time, in 2003. "Nino", came out on top after a rough final heat. "l
want to compete well," he said at that moment; by mentioning "to compete well",
he meant to fight against experienced and talented competitors. These
competitors are former national champions with other international titles. So,
"Nino" attacked each set as if it were the last one,. until he finally wo0"
Torres, who was tne former Pan-American Jur$or Champion, won second place
in the 2006-2007 National Circuit. He said, ulrly goal is to i<eep competing in
ALAS (Asociacion Latinoamericana de Su4, by making my surfing more
consistent, radical, and strong."

Copa Mango, the name .of the weekend contest, was inaugurated in the 2OOT200S natjonal surfing s.eason. The waves.have been much higher than those
seen on the beach tor many weeks. "Despite the strong onshore winds, the
waves were really cped, fun and "surfable" for a competition," said Lisbeth
Vindas, a talented srirter who took first place in the Worhen's open Category.
Adapted fronl Beach Times, 200g

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence.

(ltems from 1 to 5)

1)

"Nino" has won a national surfing competition

A)

once

B)

twice
every year
three years ago

c)
D)

lN41-10

,ir

ir
'4.

:::.

&-4

'.:i

2)

Jason Torres,

A)
B)
C)
$
3)

4l

of-

'

'

in Costa Rica.

a beach
a surfing copJest
a surfin$champion

the firqt championship

"surfable" in the specific situation of the reading means "

A)
B)
C)
D)
r 5)

was awarded the National Circuit gold medal

took first place in the Men's Open -Category

:'"GopA Mango"is th'etname

A)
B)
tC)
D)

,,

took second place at the Pan-American Junior Championship

won the Pan-American Junior Championship

tt

good for a surfing competition'

bad for a surfing competition
too high dangerous waves
strong

winds

Lisbeth Vindab was the

' A) best
B) slowest
C) youngest
E) least talented

in the Women's Open Catego.ry.

'

tN41-10

-,-/'
.'.

T'

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Sports
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

.'\
sELEccton 0rurcR

"

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to compiete

each sentence.

ALEJANDRO RAMIREZ
Alejandro Tadeo Ramirez Alvarez (born in San
Jose,. Costa Rica, June 21, lgg8i is a cness
Grandmaster:. He was inspired to become a
ghep player after watching ihe movie 'searching
lg1 QoOny Fischef'when he was four yearc olOl
His first and only chess {eacher was his father; he
then developed his own style. Ramirez became
an lnternational Master at the age of 13, and
completed the requirements for the Grandmaster
title at lhe age of 1S, becoming the first
Grandmaster ever in Central America and the
youngest Grandmaster in America at that time.
He oblained the Grandmaster tifle at a younger

p^":ly,,ll":l."J
is luent-il-$;r,.rh
3g:"j:i:
Presentty, he studies at the l,,l=rf,..ArejTdro
university oi T"*a,
"'rj L".,dri3i,
o"urs iuTd;;ilr;il#il;;

"t
the United
-r""ir;;';ith"'uffi",,!i,y'"1
::lgit*_p,-_ol?,_ql lhu most presiigious academic scnorar'rnipr-in

,;ti"ili"ra
:Rl"j#:j*,i,:lTlf:",:"s_cfess"ara
area,
i;d,',"rti",ii"'ric]'ilffi:,,,

grgvidina
,"^"::*[i.llojf:-:l-?:1lrr_r_"I".:
parents who are interested in achievemenis in chess.
to

1)

Alejandro wap first inspired to play chess

A)
B)
C)
D)

2)

at the age of 13

when he was

15

when he was four years old

at the same age Bobby Fischer was

Alejandro's dad

A)
B)
C)
D)

is a Costa Rican chess champion

taught his son how to play chess

studied in the United States
inspired Bobby Fischer

3)

Aleiandro got motivation to play chess

A)
B)
C)
D)

4)

after a;meeting with Bobby Fischer

when he was a little child
at the age of thirteen
on June 21,1988

When Alejandro was fifteen years old, he

A)
B)
C)
D)

5)

develoPed his dad's stYle

learned to sPeak English

became a Grandmaster

Alejandro Ramirez

A)
B)
C)
D)

6)

watched a movie about Bobby Fischer

has been the youngest Master of the world

defeated BobbY Fischer's father
speaks two languages

was born in Dallas

Alejandro

A)
B)
C)
D)

gives lectures at the UTD

got a scholarshiP to studY
motivated Bobby Fischer to play chess
obtained a MasteCs degree in McDermott

SELECCION UNICA
Read the text below.
_jt__

->--

/<
Female Surfing Competition in

.rt

Jh"'#

Recently, Lisbeth Vindas, the five-time national fenrale c;heis;pion

since
2001, took one of the first places in ilre national srrrfing ccnr.esE.
Gn the
same day as the Fernale Open Final Surfing Cr:rrrpeirtilrr-rr
Vindas

spent nearly two hours taking the naiiona! mathen.iatics *xam

Quepos' Lisbeth says, "That day I arrived jtrst r'ive nrinuies i:rlfoi.e

ir;

the

cornpetiiion-" This was because the femai*: final competitrr:ntcok plact:

iir.Ja c.&, atorvn
tocated nearly two hours south of euepos. Vindas renrembe?s
tnai she was a little
distracted that day. she adds, "Ail r had in my head that rlay \{/ere riuinhers.,,
rn spite cf
that stressful start, she celebrated two victories: winning first place in
the ccr;-npetition

and passing the math exam.

-:'Another ouistanding athrete is Nataly Bernold who, at fourteen, became
.*
the youngest Costa Rican female surfing champiorr to v.rin the r:aiionai
::l{i
champiqnship in the open Division. she also tock first piace
rec*ntiy
i n the Junior Female Category. Vindas says tlrat Bernclcj's
st,rccessful
championship is good for nationat surfing, for it shaws that
Costa p.icarr

female surfers are placing well in local competitions, and thai ycung
lccal taierits

are

k>ecoming excellent ailrletes, ready to cornpete internationelly.

m5i.R.s;f.ryS!.rGlsi$Ef,_.:..:

8ai ed on the text above,

from

1)

1to5)

The text is about two

A)
B)

c)
D)
lN31-

choose the appropriate optlon that cr::nlpleies each

-o9T

exceptional exams
athletes' bietgraph ies
water and indoor sports
national surfing champions

sentence.

(rtems

r, :

'IEllllg***!ii

!r"::;;:.ry'

t'

2)
'

Lisbeth Vindas has

A)
B)
C)
D)
3)

won

competed in only
just participated in

be better than Lisbeth

win over and over agaln

be the yor-rngest girl from Jaco
become an awardeci surfing champion

Lisbeth was the

A)
B)
C)
D)
5)

lost

Bernold's best achievement at fourteen was to

A)
B)
C)
D)
4,

'five surfing competitions.

best surfer of the Female Open Surfing Competition

newest surfer in national competitions
smartest maih student
worst suder in Jaco

According to Vindas's own words,'she was

day of the surfing competition.

A)

leaving her town

C)
D)

taking the national math exam

deciding to stop con-rpeting in surfing

lN3n-no.

the same

sElEccroru

0uca

Read the article and choose the option that answers each question correcly.

ALVARO SABORIO LEADING SOCCER PLAYER

Alvar,s Saborfo Chac6n born on March 2lth, 1gB2 is a
Gosta Rican:soccer player, .who currenfly plays striker for
Deportivo Saprjssa of the Costa,Rican soccer league.
Saborio was the leading goal-scorer of the 2003-200t4
Costa Rican season finishing the year with 25 goals, five
above Whayne Wilson.
H,e is also an irnportant player for the Costa Rica national
soccer team at numerous levels. He represented the U23 team at the 2004 Olympics, scoring the qualifying goal
that took them there, and subsequenfly playing 3 of 4
games for the team, scoring a goal against portugal. He
has also been capped for the full national team, playing
for the team during 2006 World Cup.
With Saprissa, he has won a national championship and
a CONCACAF Champions Cup, and was part of the team
that played the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship
Toyota Cup, where Saprissa finished third behind Sao
Paulo Futebol Clube and Liverpool F.C.
the
tournament, he scored two goals and ended up tied with
3 more players as the top scorers.

At

1)

Whdt was Saborio's highest achievement in the season 2003-200 4? To

A)
B)
C)
D)
2)

finish his contract with Deportivo Saprissa

own the Costa Rican Soccer League
score a total of 2lgoals
meet Whayne Wilson

What teams has he played for?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Saprissa and the U-23

Liverpool F.C. and Portugal

Olympics and Liverpool F.C.

Sao Paulo Clube and Saprissa

2

3)

What soccer championship did Saborio's team win?

championship
'The

A)
B)
Cl
D)

4)

CONCACAF
2004 OlymPics
FIFA Ctub

World
,

Sao Paulo Futebol Cluber

what intemational toumament did he participate in? The

A) ToYota
B) Portugal
C) 2}OzWorld
D) National Team

5)

What was Saborio's most recent achievement? To

A)
B)
C)
D)

6)

!I

play against WhaYne Wilson

finish third in the ToYota CuP
score 2 goals in the OlYmPics
be part of the National'Team in the World Cup

Where has Saborio scored rRore goals? ln

A) OlympicchamPionshiPs
B) national tournaments
, C) Liyerpool, England
D) world cups
3

cup

SELECCION UNICA
Read the following text

JUAN ARNOLDO CAYASSO

-x'WjJuanArnoldo.Cayasso,bornonJune24,1g61,isaCosta
nican soccer player who shone during the 1980s and 1990s.

"'-ryf,j
#h
g

Cayasso played in Qosta Rica.for two teams, starting out in L.D.

'uffi

rf {.

Alajuelense in the early 80's, and later switching to their arch:

rivals Saprissa before the 1988 s,eason. His transfer caused a lot

of national attention, due to the fact that he was considered one of the most talented
players in Costa Rica at the time.

Cayasso won'several national championships, both with Saprissa and Alajuela, as

well as two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles, with L.D. Alajuelense in 1986 anci
with Saprissa in 1995. He also played regularly with Costa Rica's National Team,
and he is usually remembered for scoring the first Costa Rican goal in a World Cup,
against Scotland during the 1990 Worfd Cup. During the early 90's, Cayasso played
in the German Bundesliga with Stuttgarter Kickers, and later came back to Saprissa,

where he retired. Then, he coached the soccer,team in Limon,' his,hometown,

in

Costa Rica's second division.

Adapted from www. e n.wikiped

ia. orglwikifiu a n_cayasso

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence.
(ltems from 1 to 5)

1)

Cayasso began playing soccer with the Alajuela Team

A)
B)
C)
D)

rN21-09

in the BOs
befor:e 1980
in June,1961
in the early 90's

2)

Juan Arnoldo Cayasso

A)
B)
C)
D)
3)

After playing in,Germany, Juan Arnoldo played for

A)
B)
C)
'D)

4,

played in Scotland
played only in Costa Rica
never won a championship
scored a goal in a World Cup

Saprissa

.,

Alajuelense

Lim6n'S team'

StuttgarterKickers

During the 19Sfs and 1990s, Cayasso

A)

B)
, C)
D)

became the trainer of Limonense

was the Stuttgarter Kickers'best player

became the only champion of AlAjuelense'
'was known as one of the best nationalsoccer players
n,

5)

Cayasso retired when he was playing

A)
B)
C)
D)

rN21-09

SaPrissa I' ' '

with
:
with the Bundbsliga
in the second division
only with the nationalteam

Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens holds a distinct place among Costa Ricans, as the only
Costa Rican to ever win an Olympic gold medal. As a short-distance swimmer, she also
has won more Olympic medals than any other Costa Rican. She attained this status
during the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, winning the 200-meter freestyle. Later, at the
2000 Sydney Games, she won two bronze medals. Her gold was not only the first for a
Costa Rican, but for any person from Central America.
Poll was born in Nicaragua on December 21, 1972 to parents who had emigrated
from Germany. Her family moved to Costa Rica when she was very young after an
earthquake and rising political tensions. Her family includes her older sister, Silvia, also
an Olympic medal-winning swimmer. Aside from swimming, Poll graduated from
university with a degree in Business Administration in 1998. She had her first child, a
daughter, in 2007, just a year after setting records at the Central American and Caribbean
Games.
1. Claudia Polls parents are from what country:
a. Costa Rica
b. Nicaragua
c. Germany
d. Spain
2. Claudia Poll won her first Olympic medal in which city:
a. Sydney
b. San Jos
c. Athens
d. Atlanta
3. In total, Poll has won how Olympic medals:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1
4. Claudia Poll represents the country she was born in, in the Olympics.

True

False

5. Claudia Poll is the only member of her family to swim in the Olympics. True

False

6. Claudia Poll was not the first Central American to win a gold medal.

False

7. In what year did Poll give birth to her first child?

True

__________________

During his career with the Costa Rican national soccer team, Paulo Wanchope scored 45
goals, the second most in the history of the team. He is one of the most famous soccer players in
Costa Ricas history, not just for his goals on the national team, but also for his play for
professional clubs in Europe. Born Pablo Csar Wanchope Watson in Heredia in 1976, he was
known as Paulo Wanchope as a player. Wanchope began his soccer career with CS Herediano, a
soccer team playing in Costa Ricas top league. When he was just 20 years old, he was signed to
play for Derby County of the English Premier League. He played for Derby County with great
success for two years and was then sold to West Ham United, where he enjoyed another two
successful years, and then was sold to Manchester City.
During his time at Manchester City, Wanchope suffered multiple injuries to his knee, but
still scored some important goals for the team. After seven seasons in England, Wanchope played
professionally in Spain, Argentina, Qatar, Costa Rica, Japan, and the United States. He was never
able to play as well as he had before his knee injury though. On the international scene,
Wanchope achieved his greatest success in the 2006 World Cup, when he scored two goals in a
single game. He also played in the 2002 World Cup. Wanchope retired in 2007.

1. Paulo Wanchope played for all of the following teams except:

a. CS Herediano
b. Manchester United
c. West Ham United
d. Derby County
2. Wanchopes best moment in international soccer occurred during the:
a. 1998 Gold Cup
b. 2002 World Cup
c. 2006 World Cup
d. 1998 World Cup
3. Wanchope played the majority of his career in:
a. Costa Rica
b. Spain
c. England
d. Argentina
4. Wanchope suffered injuries while playing for:
a. Malaga
b. West Ham United
c. Manchester City
d. Derby County
5. How many goals has Wanchope scored for the Costa Rican national team?__________
6. The first foreign team Wanchope played for was: ______________________
7. How many World Cups has Paulo Wanchope played in? _____________

Hanna Gabriel Valle is a Costa Rican world champion boxer. She is the current world
champion in the junior middleweight (70 kgs) category for the World Boxing
Organization. She was born in 1983 and was raised in an athletic family; her father was a
boxer and her brother is a professional soccer player. As a teenager, Hanna competed in
track and field, but injuries forced her to stop running.
After many years without competing in any sports, Hannas father recommended she start
boxing to stay healthy. She began competing in 2007 and won her first fight by knockout.
Her career record is 11-0-1 and she has won six of her fights by knockout. She first won a
world championship in 2009, but soon lost the title. After again winning the junior world
championship in 2010, she has successfully defended it twice.
1. Gabriel is the world champion for what category? ____________________
2. Who inspired Gabriel to begin boxing?

__________________

3. What is the weight limit for Hanna Gabriels boxing category? _________________
4. Gabriel has won ______ fights by knockout
a. 7
b. 11
c. 1
d. 6
5. What is Hanna Gabriels brothers profession?
a. personal trainer
b. boxer
c. soccer coach
d. soccer player
6. When did Gabriel first become a world champion?
a. 2011
b. 2007
c. 2009
d. 2010

Bryan Ruiz Gonzlez is an internationally known soccer player from Costa Rica. He
currently plays for FC Twente and the Costa Rican national team. He has occasionally
been the captain of the Costa Rican national team. He plays as a forward but can also
play as a midfielder. In two years playing for Twente he has scored 33 goals. He has also
scored nine goals for his national team.
Ruiz was born in 1985 in San Jos. He began playing professionally for Alajuelense, a
team in Costa Ricas top professional league, when he was 18 years old. After playing
three seasons with Alajuelense, Ruiz moved to KAA Gent of the top league in Belgium.
He would play two seasons there, and would be the teams top scorer and captain during
one of those seasons. He then moved to his current team, Twente. During the 2009-10
season, Ruiz was the top scorer for Twente and helped them become the champions of
the top league in the Netherlands.
1. Bryan Ruiz is always the captain of the Costa Rican national team.

True

2. Which of the following teams has Ruiz not played for?

a. Alajuelense
b. KAA Gent
c. Twente
d. PSV Eindhoven
3. During which season did Ruiz lead Twente in scoring?
a. 2008-09
b. 2007-08
c. 2010-2011
d. 2009-10
4. How long did Ruiz play for KAA Gent?

____________________

5. What position does Ruiz play? ____________________

False

Rolando Fonseca is one of the most famous players in Costa Rican soccer history. His 47
goals for the Costa Rican national team are the most by any player in the countrys
history. He has played for the national team during most of two decades and finished his
international career in 2011 with 112 appearances.
Professionally, he has had a long and successful career both in his native Costa Rica and
abroad. At three different times, he has played for Comunicaciones of the Guatemalan
league. He played for both Saprissa and Alajuelense in Costa Rica, winning two
championships with Saprissa and four with Alajuelense. Fonseca will be remembered
both for his great goal scoring ability and his longevity, playing top-level soccer for more
than twenty years.
1. Fonseca only played professional soccer in Costa Rica.

True

False

2. Fonseca won more championships with Alajuelense than with Saprissa. True

False

3. Rolando Fonseca played for Comunicaciones multiple times.

False

4. How many games did Fonseca play for his nations team?
a. 112
b. 47
c. 147
d. 201
5. Fonsecas career could be described as:
a. short and prolific
b. long and average
c. successful and brief
d. long and successful

True

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Read the text and choose the alternative that completes each sentence correctty.
t

MARGARITAB.ERTEI.EAU' ,
' ",i
ONE OF CO STA RICA' S IVtrO,ST' F.f*IgE Am_ffXggg',l
I

Margarita Bertheatr was born in:

.

t,:

and

died in 1975. She stu'died artistic, j

San Jos6, Costa Rica in fgil'B

painting and:ballet in C-trba,,sp6 .is'1 ii

. ,...,1i

Colombia. Fler aonttib-uttlon to,the'

,1:!

in

Costa 'Rica.: was , '.

:.
i ,,.,'a!
.,
important since; .in: adi1ition, to i

ballet

being a professor and a choreographer at the Ballet Academy, she d,es-igned,

of the.board of the School

Arts of the University of Costa Rica

l:,i

,',i

of, 'i

in 1942. Her teaching of the watercotor, : :j

technique and the force of her personality, manaEed to create a true school in
that dispipline. For the first time in Costa Rica she was allowed to, teaeh. with
nude models.'Her pictorialwoik is vast and varied. lt shows not only a,diversity'of '''l'!

subjects and techniques, but a wonderful use of color and gr-eat freedom

in,,,the'

outline and claroscuro. She used the watercolor technique most, but her oil
paintings were also of great success. She made a series of rnurals',to-the,jresh t'

,i

air of very well obtained dimensions. She also painted abstract works, althoqgh , j
I ' , ';;;'
this technique was not very popular in her time.
"j.'

7)

The artist Margarita Bertheau

A)
B)
C)
D)

had no success with oil paintinEs

contributed to Costa Rican arts
rnanaged only one technique
made just a couple of murals

8)

Bertheau was the first artist who could

A)
B)
C)
D)

9)

create a ballet academy in Colombia

study artistic Painting in 1913
have a limited'Pictorialwork

use nude models

in her paintings.

Margarita Bertheau used

A)
B)
C)
D)

a varietY of subjects
only the human figure

just the watercolor technique

numerous mountain landscaPes

artist(s)'in Costa Rica who painted abstract

10) Margarita Bertheau was

. works at her time.

A)

the last

C)
D)

one of the few.

one of the manY

She held an honorable Position

A) in the Colombian Ballet AcademY

B) at the Universrty of Costa Rica
C) at the School of Arts in Cuba
D) in the School of DisciPline
5

Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

tF*

6)

One of Sarchils greatesttourist attractions is its

A)
B)
C)
D)

unusual tour buses

multicolored churcfr
handmade factories
delighttul light btue square

.;'

7l

The

A)
B)
C)
D)

8)

:.

relatd to those of &e orcar'ts.

size and,shape
indoor decor:ations

olors ad designs
numerous fumishirgs

Many touris$'mm6 to $archi

A)
B)
C)
D)

9)

of the chureh are

to buy handmade fumiture

to sell handmade crafts
in delighttul blue colors
on a traditional oxcart

The

A)
B)
C)
D)

have turned into Sarchi's most significant art crafl

church fumiture factories
small square villages
olors of the church
handmade oxcarts

ri

Read the text below.

ART GALLERY IN COSTA RICA

:

; To find a small, quaint art,galtery in Costa Rica, one

'

must be willing to search. 'Especiafly now that rainy

r days seem like they are here to stay, leaving the

i

cornforts of home to go in search of good art can be a

{i comforts
A
u challenge. But imagine the possibility of viewing and

\l

! purctrasing

high-quality contemporary art and design

online gatlery, Sylvia Rodriguez, director of The Fine Arts Cellar, has bridged a gap
between CentralAmerican artists and art enthusiasts around the world.

The Fine Arts Cellar has two different f,acets: the physical gallery in the eastern San
Jos6 suburb of San Pedro and the on-line gallery,at ww-w.lneaftcellar.com

The small gallery spice is like a hidden treasure. During a visit last month, large
paintings by Costa Rican artist Marianela Salgado filled the space with an exhibit
entitled "Unnumbered Series". The paintings were largg, textured, colorful and full of
hidden images and symbols, Her art is unique !n the sense that the more you look at
it, the more subtleties you

encounter.

tF

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 6 to 10)

6)

A web site

A)
B)
C)
D)

lN21-09

an online virtual gallery to feature various artists.

offers
needs
closes
prepares

,!

7)

to buy pieces of art through the lnternet.

ln Costa Rica it is

B)

:possible

;;::. C) ''impnobable::'
,,.,-1

,D),

'

'a disad,teritage

\,

'l

:
: r I F.
l:

'i...
ii:,:'

8)

Sylvia

A)
'

.,,

l;

Rodriguez

::

owns

, B),' manages ;i: .,i ,:;

i
: : G),- 6ssitned ',
., t .,

'o)

exhibited

9)

the Fine Arts Cellar'

'-'

: l

'

'

in
-

' l:

'

:
''

i : :'

. , Marianeta Salgado's works of ariare

j

. .1',,,A) . Purcllased.fast

B)
, C)
' ' D)
10)

lacking texture

full of symbols
without color

'

in San Pedro.

The Fine Arts Cellar

A)
B)
C)
D)

lN21-O9

will rent a gallery

bought paintings
searches places
has its location

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Art and Music
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the article and choose the alternative that best answers
each question.

TICO TRUMPETER IN INTERNATIONAL GOMPETITION

A Costa Rica, trurnpeter is one of five semifinalists invited to compete in Ellsworth Smith
lnternational Solo Trumpet Competition in
Birmingham, Alabama. Luis Miguel Araya, from

Alajuela, stands

to win a first-place prize of

$10,000 or a second-place prize of $5,500 in an

event With notable trumpeters from around the
world.

Araya is one of Costa Rica's most distinguished

players of classical and Latin music for the

{,',

trumpet. He has played in ensembte and solo

before audiences in Venezuela, sweden, Japan, puerto Rico
and the United
states. He started his musical training at the conservat"ri"

c"r;;, ;;;;

the University of Costa Rica, then earned a Master of Music from

Loyola
University in New Orleans. Presently, he is Second Trumpet w1h
the Costa
Rican National Symphonic Orchestra and teaches at the National
lnstitute of
Music.

Luis Miguet Araya was invited to compete after submitting an

unedited
recording of his music for evaluation, and will stand oft
four other

musicians, two from the United States, one from Canada "grinrt
and the fourth from

Hungary. This event is held every four years and is sponsored

by the

{J,

lnternational rrumpet Guird and the columbus Foundation

of ohio.

Where will the trumpet competition be?

A)
B)
C)
D)

ln Alajuela
ln Alabama

ln Costa Rica
il

Around the world

:x
H

,*

$
's
tg
rlH

8)

Where has Araya played the trumpet? ln

A)
' B)
C)
D)

9)

JaPan and Canada

Venezuela and Paris

Hungary and Sweden

Puerto Rico and JaPan

What will the Prizes consist of?

Classical and Latin music

A)
':
B) AtriP around the world
C) Large sums of moneY
D) Notable trumpets

10)

when do the organizers develop this intemational competition?

A)
B)
C)
D)

11)

Every four Years

After receiving a Prizeof $5,000

Before audiences play in Venezueta

Before submitting unedited recordings

plays
What does Luis Miguel Araya do in the present? He

A)
B)
C)
D)

with the Columbus Foundation

the fourth trumPet in Hungary

with a sYmPhonic orchestra
in New Orleans

Read the text below.

PRE.COLUMBIAN GOLD COLLECTION

Museum offers tourist inforrnation, gruided tours for groupS, and, a gift lop: Here,
visitorsrcan find a variety of works by Costa Rican artisand: books, publications- and
replicas of the: gold pieces with profound symbolic content and expressions of the
mythological thought of indigenous groups. Representations of varied fauna and
, humans with animal attributes demonstrate thei 'blending' of real and mythological
worlds. According to indigenous belief, what"was interestind waq n-oi the anirnaf itself
but its essential qualities. Costa Rican gold$miths primari!;{ depicted birds, toads, and
frogs in their designs, both as individual figures and as forming paf of human figures'
Without a doubt, the ornaments that accompanied warriors and .priests in special
activities, such as wars, were a fundamental part of their personalities, representing
guidance, protection and defense for their communities.

Based on the te.xt above, choose the appropriate optiorl to complete each'sentence(ltems from 6 to 10)

6)

ln the museum, there is an exhibit of three different collections.

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN11-09N

cerdmics, urban design, and indigenous figures

mythology,"goldsmiths, and human figur.es
ornaments, warriors, and protection
gold, ceramics, and fine arts

.t

7) ,

lf one of the gold pieces in the exhibit catches your interbst, you can

,'

A)
B)

C-)

'D)

look for a duplicate in,the gift shop

show the figure of animal attributes
repr:oducb an object in the gift shop
demonStrate their mythological world
ii"l

8)

lndigenousipeopleblended
real
--.-.: world,
-.--'.
I
\

A)
- B)
C)
D)
9)

to join:mythology and the

l

joads and frogs

fauna'ahd mylhology
Qirds;

animals and',humans
lndians and humans

The exhibitio4 of this collection is sponsored by

A)
B)
C)
D)

indigenous groups
Plaza de la Cultura
Pre-Columbian artisans
the Central Bank of Costa Rica

'.

10)

Besides the exhibitions,'the museum has other sections like

A)
B)
Cj
D)

rN11-09N.

a gift shop
an additional bank
a room for priests and personalities
the war protection and defense community

Read the

text. Choose the correct option to answer each question

(7, 8, 9, 10 and.11).

NATIONAL SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA

VISITING JAPAN

The National Symphony Orchestra has had a great experience in Japan for a week.

This Symphony Orchestra gave four concerts that featured works of Costa Rican
composers such as Benjamin Guti6rrez and Eddie Mora. Preceding the shows in

that country, the National Symphony Orchestra offered a couple of concerts to

inaugurate a Music Hall in France. Accompanying the orchestra were the renowned
pianist Jacques Sagot and soprano lvette Rojas.
ConcertS culminated in a performance at Kobe lnternational House, on September

12, after a series of presentations in several Japanese cities including: Kanazawa,

Fukui, and Aichi. The visit was sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and
Sports, several Costa Rican companies, as wetl as by the Japanese government.

7)

How many performances did the National Symphony Orchestra offer in the
inauguration of the Music Hall in France?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Just two
Almost four
Around twelve
More than three

l'I
.1:
,.:::

tN11-08

+).:l

:!-

t::;t,.4

:.}

,*i#

8)

why did the National symphony orchestra go to Franee?

To participate in the launch of

A)
B)
C)
D)
9)

What do Benjamin Guti6nez and Eddie Mora do? They

A)
B)
C)
D)

.f
10)

11)

are music writers

are piano performers
accompany the group
rnanage the orchestra

According to the writer, where did the National Symphony Orchestra perform the
last concert? ln the

A)
B)
C)
D)

,.

Eddie Mora's work

drawing exhibitions
a musical auditorium
a nationat muiicat festival

Music Hall
Japanese park
Kanazawa companies
lnternational House in Kobe

Based on the reading, how was the National Symphony Orchestra's experience?

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN11-08

Outstanding
Not very nice
A litfle fantastic
Not really great

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

THE NATIONAL THEATER

The world-renowned prima Donna, Adelina

appeared with a traveling opera company
Guatemala, but could not perform in Costa Rica
because there was no appropriate theater. ln
response, newly rich coffee'merchants financed
I

the construction of a theater with a tax on every

bag of coffee exported from the country. Belgian architects

were called in to design and supervise the building, and the metal structure
was ordered from Belgian mills. Painters and decorators were brought from ltaly, along
with that country's famous marble. The National Theater was inaugurated in 1894 with

$unod's Faust and an"opening-night cast that included singers from the Paris Opera.
A source of cultural pride, the theater was made into a national monument in 1965.
Extensive restoration work has recently renewed its beautiful ceiling paintings and
sumptuous d6cor.

Costa Rica's National Youth Symphony Orchestra was inaugurated

in

1972 by ex-

quote: "We need to concern ourselves not only with the

standard of living but the quality of life as wetl. Why have tractors without violins?"
Many of the young musicians trained in the Youth Symphony have graduated to
participate in the National Symphony, which pe.rformed in the National Theater.
President Figuere's famous

lnternationally famous guest directors and soloists were often featured.

7)

The National Theater was built because

A)
B)
C)
D)

architects from Belgium donated it'

President Figueres said it was important
a famous singer had nowhere to perform
Costa Ricans wanted to see a Paris Opera

\
tN11-0712

8)

could perform atthe National

According to the *ritert

Theater

A)
B)
C)
D)

Everyone
Only well known artists
i:
Newly rieF,rcof_@$r.orruers
Just paint+r*:aRddbebetors
.!::,.

1,,:j

9) :erchiGct$,,ftora,

A)
B)
C)
D)

$upervised the-building of the National Theater.

ltaly
France
Belgium
Costa Rica

10) ' Materials used to build'the.National Theater were brought from

A)
B)
C)
D)

11)

According to the text,

Theater.

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN11-0712

ltaly and France

Belgium and ltaly
France and Belgium
ltaly, Belgiurn, and France

paid for the building of the National

tax on coffee
Belgian architects
presider{t Figueres'
the National Symphony

::

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Read the a(icle and choose the alternative that best answers each question.

I{E CARIBBEAN CU

The caribbean cuisine is very well recognized, in Lim6n

and all over
the country due to the mastery in the preparation of delicious
dishes.

Making use of rich condiments and ingredients characteristic

of the
African legacy, they are combined with the flavors
of different regions
that, like their people, obtain an exquisite mix. The
traditions have L""n
transmitted from one generation to another one,
and stiil the youngest
generations know and maintain the traditional
and authentic flavor of
their meals.

To travel to Lim6n and not taste its delights is like

not going at all. ln
order to try the true Lim6n taste you must have ,lrond6n,,, ,,rice

and

beans", "pati", and the "agua de sapo", a refreshment

prepared with
lemon juice, molasses (a dark brown syrup produced
during the refining
of sugar), ginger roots and something erse...
famiry secret, ."rn* ,r,
we don't have to recommend a restaurant to try the
Lim6n derights, at
any small "soda" (cafeteria) you can have a great
fish with caribbean
sauces, patties and sweet homemade desserts.
The locals in every
town are the best gastronomic guides and they
can recommend the
best places and foods to order.

\
HowhasthemixofdifferentlegaciescontributedtoCaribbeancuisine?
It has Provided

B)

many condiments and flavors

a very limited legacY

c)

a few ingredients

D)

no traditions

A)

13) What culture shavecontributedtotheCaribbeancuisine?

A)
B)
C)

OnlY the African

OnlY the new generation

Those from Africa and other regions

D)Cultureswithoutauthenticflavorsintheirmeals

14)WhatcharacteristicsdefinetheCaribbeancuisine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Poor preparation with lack of traditions

Non-authentic flavors and few condiments
Diverse ingredients and proper preparation
The absence of African and regional legacy

15) which traditional

A)
B)
C)
D)

recipe has a "secret ingredient"?

Rice and beans

Agua de saPo
Rond6n
Patti

Read the text below.

Every culture has used the flesh and milk of the coconut

in its own way. "Not shy" is one 'way to describe the

coconut milk presence in many Caribbean stews and
dishes. For example, the famous "rondon" or "rundown",

, a traditional Afro-Caribbean

dish from the Caribbean

province of Limon, is usually made for a large group. "Rondon" is a seafood stew

featuring local tubers such as "yucca'r (cassava or manioc) and "camote" (a type bf
I

e'
.-$'-

i(n

Caribbean sweet potato). The stew is gently simmered and'exquisitely spiced with
"cinnamon, allspice, ginger, coffee and hot chilies. The Caribbean version of curry,
"rond6n" is a must when visiting Puerto Viejo and Cahuita.

Another exarn;ie of the coconut's use is rice and beans, Limon's delicious "gallo
pinto", made with, refreshing coconut milk, diffrent spices and,peppers, regularly
accompanying baked chicken with coconut

coconut is

r*-

ed

glqvi: ln other

parts of Costa Rica, the

sweets and desserts. Look for classic "cocadas" or delicious

"tartaras" which are baked in pastry of coconut and molasses.

'

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.

(ltems from 11 to 15)

11)

What ingredient do l'rondon" and rice and beans have in common?

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN21-09

Cassava
Coconut
Sweet potato
Baked chicken

A)
B)

'

Two
Five

',',E)'J,fq1gg

': ':

,13) ''Should people use flavsr':t'd nrake, rice:4rd beans?

; ,,
' I A). " Yes', they'shou'ld use flavors.
:

D)

''

No, people do not need any flavors at all.

,14) ,What is !rpnd6n'made of? lt is prepared with

A), ,,fiCe,and fleSh fish

C)
D)
15)

,,,.

'"

refilled hot peppers

chicken full of curry

Which one of the dishes has Afiican roots?

A) "Tdrtaras"
B) "Cocadas"
C)

"Rundoffi"

D)

"Gallo

rN21-oE

pinto"

''

':

3,n:1:* l?:"t?f

below, choose the appropriate

oprion to comprete each staterns;.11.

-t

The Pear-Shaped Fruit

11)

I
I

"Chayotes" are
they are futty mJtureC

ln the southern
. United States,
"chayotes"

A)
B)
C)
D)

I
I

are

known as mirliton

or

christophene.

sweet
smooth
fteshy and spiny
crunchy and pale

12) ln the United States, christophenes

1-hey appear in a

usually substitute

number of recipes complernenting

and
substituting squash iri Creoie
and Cajun

A)
B)
C)
D)

cooking.

The

pear-shapecl fi.uit is pale

or dark
green, and pecple eat it as young

squash
potatoes
cassavas
sweet potatoes

and

tender 4O-tlay_ol,j baby fruits (which

are
crunchy, slveet ancl fast lo cook)
or as
larger, fuily rnature, gO_day_old,
fist_sized
fruit, mCIre v.va,tery,,, usually thorny

' 13) A tender ,,cha1rote,,

A)
B)
C)
D)

and with

tough skin, vueighirrg up to

500 grams
-i-hir
each CIr ffore.
,,chayote,,
root is a

tuber delicacy thal can replace

root

vegetables *clrclr as potatoes,

cassavas or
sWeel potatuei.

T-he

"cha_vi:te's,. so_called

cooks rapidly
is more watery
has hard dark skin
weighs up to 500

14) A characteristic
it

A)
B)
C)
D)

bland flavor

allovr-s it to receive
a certain amount of
a ggressivc
sea-soning iviihout losing
any
of its character. -l-his, along
with its

grarns

of the ,,chayote,,
.---J is that

has a sour flavor

replaces root vegeta b les
changes flavor without seasoninq
keeps its own quality even if spiced

unique

shape aniJ versaiility,

adds style and
e\otic flavor to dishes

from all over the

r1rr:rld. lts relatively
low cost is an added

bQnu-*.

Adapted from the lnternet

rN3

-l

-o9T

15)

The price of a mirliton is considered

very

A)
B)
C)
D)

inexpensive
unaffordable
inconvenient
unreasonable

Empanadas
Throughout Costa Rica, small restaurants and stands can be found selling
empanadas. These small stuffed pastries, (like a turnover) which are baked or fried, are
an incredibly popular dish in Costa Rica. In general, the most popular empanadas in
Costa Rica are made with corn dough and filled with cheese, or cheese with seasoned
meats. Somewhat unique to Costa Rica are empanadas filled with cubed potatoes or with
rice and beans. Sweet empanadas are made with wheat flour and in Costa Rica are
normally filled with pineapple, guava, or squash jelly or dulce de leche (a caramel like
sauce).
Empanadas trace their roots from the Spanish word empanar, which means to
coat in bread. They trace their roots to Northeastern Spain and Portugal during medieval
times. These original empanadas were usually filled with seafood and vegetables. It is
thought that they were inspired by samosas brought by the Arabs, when they ruled the
Iberian Peninsula. Brought to Latin America by Spanish colonists, they are now a
mainstay throughout Costa Rica.
1. Sweet empanadas are often filled with ____________________________________
2. Empanadas come from ______________
a. France and Italy
b. Portugal and Spain
c. Mexico
d. Spain and Italy
3. Empanadas are a type of ___________
a. cake
b. pastry
c. pasta
d. cookie
4. In Costa Rica, empanadas are filled with meat and cheese.

True

False

5. It is believed that samosas were brought by the Persians to Spain.

True

False

6. The only way to prepare empanadas is to bake them.

True

False

Popular throughout the coastal regions throughout the Americas, ceviche is a

seafood dish made with raw fish. Ceviche is made by marinating raw fish in citrus juices
(like lemon or lime). Chili peppers, onion, salt, and pepper are put into the citrus juice to
add flavor. Ceviche is almost always prepared fresh, and traditionally it took about three
hours to marinate completely, but now there are faster ways to prepare it. Various types
of fish or other seafood are used depending on the region, and different regions eat
ceviche with different side dishes as well.
It is thought that ceviche was first made in Peru in the 16th century, as the local
foods and foods brought over by the Spanish colonists were combined. Because Peru was
one of the major centers of the Spanish American colonies, the dish spread quickly
throughout the region. Ceviche only recently gained popularity in the United States, even
though it had been eaten for centuries throughout the rest of the Americas.
1. Ceviche is served the same way throughout Latin America.

True

False

2. It is thought that ceviche was first made in Spain.

True

False

3. Ceviche has been popular in the United States for a long time.

True

False

4. The fish used in ceviche is usually cooked first.

True

False

5. Ceviche is popular in what type of regions?

a. mountainous
b. rural
c. hilly
d. coastal
6. Ceviche used to take how long to make?
a. 2 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 3 hours
d. 30 minutes
7. What fruit is used to make ceviche?
a. apple
b. pineapple
c. lime
d. grape

!
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Homework Readings
Costa Rican Food
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

is

15) Banana leaves are used

to

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY
EATING OUTSIDE?

A)
B)
C)
D)

"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You

the most varied typical food in its four
locatipns around San Jos6. Main

courses

are served on

wooden

platters covered with banana leaves.

Troops of waiters serve portions of
food of all shapes and sizes to large
family gatherings, most consisting of
three generations. High chairs are
provided for the tots, and a sPecial
kiddies' menu is available and served
with a variety of trimmings. However,
there is no seafood on the menu. All
main courses come with rice, refried
beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,
picadillo (diced potatoes or
vegetables, or a mixture of both). The
restaurant is not licensed to serve
alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but

offers a selection of non-alcoholic

beverages such as: horchata, fresh

A)
B)
C)
D)

vegetarian restaurant
sea food restaurant
typical restaurant
fruit market

serve alcohol
cover plafters
serye seafood
provide the tots

16) The menu

of this

restaurant

fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

A)
B)
C)
D)

includes seafood
includes vegetables
doesn't include drinks
doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant,

allowed to sell

A)
B)
C)
D)

alcohol
picadillos
agua dulce
refried beans

it is not

Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19
and

20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese and

western eating habit

is that unlike

the

West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed
on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be
prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of
,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese

host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of
politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.
lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave
the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay
them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to
them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.
So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is
equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19)

Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture

g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table
C)

1)
20)

have problems showing the use of their utensils

like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A")
B)

s)
lN?1-nR

ask guests to sit down

serve guests their beverages
keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests
put food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick

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Read the recipe. Choose the appropriate option that completes each staternent. (rtems from 16

to 19)

16) To make the recrpe you need

the

Rice and Beans:

Caribbean Gallo Pinto

A)
B)
C)
D)

To make this recipe, you need:

1
lz
1
1

lb rice
lb beans (red or black eye)
garlic cloVe and a dash of thyme
large cocbnut or 1 bag of shredded
coconut

amount of

rice than the amount of beans.

half
triple
double
one tiiird

17) To cook the beerns, __

the pot.

Preparation:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Blend the coconut flesh (not the

coconut milk) with two cups of warm
water.

add rice tr:

add coconut rnilk to
mix ali of thr: iisteci ingredients ir
porir the water anci coconut
initturu,r itr

Cook the beans with the previous

mixture, one garlic clove and a dash of
thyme, in a large pot. lf necessary, add

water. Cook until beans are tender

1B) For tastier

'

(one hour approximately). When beans

rice is done. lt is better if rice is cooked
in the oven because the dish gets more

eer:,J P'eans," you

should coclk tlie rrce

A)
B)
C)
D)

are done, add rice, mix, and cook until

"F?.ic{:

in the oven

for an hour
with chicken
in a large pct

delicious.

Note: Traditionally, red beans are used

to serve this dish with chicken and
black beans to serve it with fish.
Taken from "Costa Rican TvpicalFoods"

rN31-097

1e)

The dish is ready

A)
B)
C)
D)

to

enjoY when

ycu edd spices;

the rice is cocii*.j
the beans 4..* i*::ncie:r
you put it in the oven

Read the information. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

ROMPOPE: A TRADITIONAL
HOLIDAY TREAT
l-lere's an easy recipe for rompope (eggnog), a

traditional holiday beverage in Costa Rica.

Ltl

The recipe produces five liters and takes thirty

e#
*F

minutes to prepare

15)

lngredients:
3 cans evaporated milk (400 g)

You need
make rompope.

A)
B)
C)
D)

2 cans sweetened condensed milk (397 g)

5 cups water

to

honey
six eggs
sugarcane
two types of milk

7 eggs

lzlsp. nutmeg

16)

*:"?::: I,T
Directions: Beat the evaporated
condensed milk, water and eggs

A)
B)
C)
D)

milk,

for

minutes. Heat on low heat for 20 minutes,

stirring constantly, without letting

water
nutmeg
condensed milk
evaporated milk

the

mixture boil. Add nutmeg and remove from

heat. Cool, and then add rum. Refrigerate
until served.
By Sonia Cordero, Tico Times

lN11-0712

To make eggnog you need more

rum than

17)

Nutmeg is added

A)
B)
C)
D)

after refrigerating
during beating time
when the mixture boils
before removing from heat

l
option that compretes each statement accordir
Read the recipe and choose.the appropriate

to it. lttems from 16 and

17)

How to Make Brownies

To make this reciPe, You need

baking Porrude
Yz teas:Poon
-chocolate

lz cuf

Powder
1 YzteasPoons'vanilla
"/n cuP margarine
% teasPoon salt
1 /r. cuPs sugar
% cuP flour
3 eggs

Preparation

Mi*'*"tg"rine, sugar, vanilla and.eggs'

AJo nori, chocolaie, baking powder, and
salt.
Mix again to combine all-tt1e ingredients'
Put mixture into a baking Pah'
Bake in hot oven for over 40-45 minutes'

They are great with coffee or chocolate!

:16) ln the fourth step

A)
B)
C)
D)

of the preparation' you have to

pour the mixture into a recipient

Place'the mixture in an oven
bake the mixture into a Pan

mix onlY liquid ingredients

'17\ ln the fifth steP' You

A)
ts)
C)
D)

tttt t-Ogft

mix chocolate again

bake the mixture
add the eggs
add salt

!
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Homework Readings
Food Recipes
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Apple Pie Recipe

Preparation Time: 20 minutes
Cook Time: 50 minutes
Ready In: 1 hour 10 minutes
Serves: 8
Ingredients

1/2 cup sugar

1/2 cup packed brown sugar
3 tablespoons all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
7 cups thinly sliced peeled apples
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1 pastry for double-crust pie (9 inches)
1 tablespoon butter
1 egg white
1 tablespoon additional sugar

Directions
In a small bowl, combine sugar, flour and spices; set aside. In a large bowl, toss apples
with lemon juice. Add sugar/spice mixture; toss well to coat the apples. Line a 9-inch pie
pan with half the pastry. Place apple filling into crust; dot with butter. Roll out remaining
pastry to fit top of pie. Cut a few slits in pastry on top. Beat egg white until foamy; brush
over pastry. Sprinkle sugar on top. Bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 35 minutes.
Increase temperature to 400 degrees Fahrenheit and bake 10-15 minutes more or until
crust is golden.
1. The recipe does not need which of the following spices:
a. nutmeg
b. ginger
c. garlic
d. cinnamon
2. The time needed to cook this apple pie is:
a. 20 minutes
b. 50 minutes
c. 1 hour 10 minutes
d. 35 minutes
3. To make the pie, the apples should be tossed with:
a. egg white
b. pastry
c. lemon juice

d. butter
4. How much all purpose flour is required:
a. two tablespoons
b. one cup
c. two teaspoons
d. three tablespoons
5. To begin, the pie should be baked at what temperature:
a. 50 degrees Fahrenheit
b. 375 degrees Fahrenheit
c. 400 degrees Fahrenheit
d. 400 degrees Celsius
6. This pie is made for how many people?

________________

7. The apples used in this pie should be: _____________________________

Potato Salad Recipe

Preparation time: 15 minutes
Cook time: 15 minutes
Serves: 6-8 people
Ingredients:
2 pounds red-skinned potatoes, scrubbed and cut into ! inch cubes
3 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and chopped
! cup diced celery
1 medium diced cucumber
" cup finely chopped red onion
#-1 cup mayonnaise
2-3 tablespoons dill relish or pickle relish
1 tablespoon spicy brown mustard
salt and pepper, to taste
Preparation:
Cook potatoes in boiling water (with 1 teaspoon of salt) for about 10 to 15 minutes, or
until they are soft and tender. Drain the water and let the potatoes cool completely. Then,
combine potatoes, eggs, celery, cucumber, and onion in a large bowl. Stir in # cup mayonnaise,
relish, and mustard. Add more mayonnaise, as needed, to taste. Add salt and pepper, to taste.

1. What ingredient needs to be cooked?

a. potato
b. celery
c. onion
d. cucumber
2. The onion should be:
a. diced
b. peeled
c. finely chopped
d. scrubbed
3. How much mustard is needed?
a. 1 teaspoon
b. 1 tablespoon
c. 2-3 tablespoons
d. " cup
4. Which two ingredients need to be prepared the same way?
a. mayonnaise & cucumber
b. cucumber & onion
c. celery & cucumber
d. eggs & mustard
5. What type of potatoes should be used for this salad? ____________________
6. This recipe is for how many people?

_______________

7. How can the cook tell if the potatoes are ready? ___________________________

Chocolate Chip Cookies

Chocolate chip cookies are a popular American dessert, and probably the most popular
type of cookie in the United States. They were discovered by accident in a hotel kitchen
in the northeast U.S. during the 1930s, and spread in popularity during World War II. The
original recipe was first published in 1936.
Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe
Preparation Time:
20 minutes
Cook Time: 10 minutes
Ready In:
30 minutes
Makes: 45-50 cookies
Ingredients
1 cup butter, softened
1 cup white sugar
1 cup packed brown sugar
2 eggs
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
3 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
2 teaspoons hot water
! teaspoon salt
2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 cup chopped walnuts
Directions
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Then mix together the butter, white
sugar, and brown sugar until smooth. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the
vanilla. Dissolve baking soda in hot water. Add to the batter along with salt. Stir in flour,
chocolate chips, and nuts. Drop large spoonfuls onto an ungreased pan. Bake for about 10
minutes in the preheated oven, or until the edges are nicely browned.
1. When was the first chocolate chip cookie recipe published?
2. How many eggs are required for the recipe?

___________

3. What must be done with the vanilla?

a. stir
b. beat
c. dissolve
d. mix
4. What should the pan used to bake the cookies be like?
a. preheated
b. ungreased
c. greased
d. waxed

____________

5. How can the cook tell when the cookies are ready?
a. after they rise
b. when the edges are browned
c. when the chocolate has melted
d. after dissolving
6. How much time must the cook spend preparing the cookies?
a. 10 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 45-50 minutes

Guacamole Recipe
Preparation Time:
10 minutes
Ready In:
10 minutes
Serves: 4-6 people
Ingredients
3 avocados - peeled, pitted, and mashed
1 lime, juiced
1 teaspoon salt
! cup diced onion
3 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro
2 tomatoes, diced
1 teaspoon minced garlic
1 pinch ground cayenne pepper (optional)
Directions
In a medium bowl, mash together the avocados, lime juice, and salt. Mix in the onion,
cilantro, tomatoes, and garlic. Stir in cayenne pepper. Refrigerate 1 hour for best flavor,
or serve immediately.
1. How should the guacamole be served?
a. frozen
b. cool
c. boiled
d. diced
2. The onions and tomatoes should be mixed in with which other ingredients?
a. avocados and cayenne pepper
b. cayenne pepper
c. lime juice
d. cilantro and garlic
3. What needs to be done to the avocados before they can be used for guacamole?
a. washed and pitted
b. diced and minced
c. juiced and mashed
d. peeled and pitted
4. The cilantro needs to be aged before using it for guacamole.

True

False

5. The onions and tomatoes are prepared the same way.

True

False

6. Guacamole can be eaten refrigerated or at room temperature.

True

False

7. The skin is left on the avocados in order to make guacamole.

True

False

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Read the text below.

ii

r:!--fr.

r'T

f./

..

ran.

r i.m

I.r

ry

-*.:i

*i.*!'r

RUDE MANNERS AT THE TABLE

Tryingto:summarize some ryOe actions att!_g..tgblq, we

--''"*-,-r'*
will mentionlhi following tidt fi is rude

,:

chew with your: mouth open.

make noise when chewing.

sip sgup and hot

noisity,
fiOuidi
piokup up the plate and eat.
break bread'in little,pieces, make pelletsl and.play r,vith.,them.

,' ,

introduce the whole spoon in your mouth or touch your teeth with it.
use bread to,take the,food'using bread, instead of using,'the fork or rpoln

Pick2 your gums, extracting particles

tongue.

of food from your teeth with the

'l

' pellefs; small round piece.

- to pick: to remove a small piece or pieces of fotod from the gums

2

Based on the list above, choose the appropriate alternative

sentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)

2q

People should never

A)
B)
C)
,)
..

D),

21,

eal hot soup

use a fork to eat
have bread wiih meals
lift the plate to eat from it

At the table, it is impotite to

uA)
.B)
C)
D)
lN41-10

use bread to take the food

hold food with the fork

eat food with utensils

have a spoonto eat

ts

eomplete each

i.

'

22),,,Feople,'strc,uld:'j

tN41;10

Read,ttie,,tex,t,below,

'-

t'':1,,

,l': " '

'j

;"'i *,&t{

.:

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete eaeh sentence.
(ltems from 20 to 23)

20) ' The head waiter usually

, A)
B)
,C)

checks that the silverware is properly placed

haS.a close contact with the customers
gives the nqpkins to'the

Customers
D): eais with th custbmers ' , r .' j

21) lt is inferred from the text that

to the type of food ordered.

A) salt qnd ppperlare used

rB) two types:. of soda are $erved
Cl the kind of water is'irnportant
D) there is usually a specific type of wine
rN11-09

aecording

...

22j

with'the.,food.
- t.l ..
: :..1r:;.

'..itheiwh.:ite,or,td# e
,:, B) any kind of drink
:C) all types of wine

,.,,,i:,A),

D) r,,:SOftrUfihli$':.

. ;1,.,,'

:"

1,

.,:.i',8)'.';.pr:efc,i:redwine.

C) '
,,,'' D]'.'',

:ll,,,t,ttiOgli

r''.

choose the drinlqthey want

choeisgfiihtas'*gffin:'dish

10

Read the text below.

TABLE MANNERS FOR A FAilIIILY MEAL

Table manners have changed over the

years, but.some stay here to irnprove

our politeness.

The

following

are common sense

etiquette rules to be followed by the

guestq.

*
*
*
"
*
*
*
*

Wait for others to start eating. Many families will pray first.
!n a family-style meal, food is passed to the right.

Try a,little of everything

do not take.a lot o{ anything.

lf you do not want something, just pass it

an$hing.

on.

You do nol need to sby

Keep the table and tablecloth as clean as possible. Put bones, or

anything that is not eaten on your plate.

Avoid burpingt and sturpingf because they are

rnappropnate.

considered

Meals are to be slow and pleasant. Enjoy your food and take part in the
eonversation. Try to keep others' pace while eating.

When you finish eating; thank the hosts for the meal.
Wait for all to finish eating before leaving the table.

.,'Burp:

To mnke

noise with the mouth when air rises frorn the stomach and rs forced out.

'Slurp: To drink a tiquid noisily.

Based on the text absve, choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 20 to 23)

20)

li:

lri
l:t

lt is polite to

A)
B)
C)
D)

ri

ii
li

IJ

iil

'ilr
::
i!.

" lN21-09

burp at the table

talk during the meal

finish your food fast
put bones on the table

during a family meal.

.1'

21\,lt, ii'Considered:l'ude,to
,

l:

..

. "-pul: dsbn.fourplaie , ,,,'

BJ ' !4[Q ysg'5,time to",eEgV,,fp ;,,,., ..;,.;,,..
,.,C), wai!,,fCIi Others ts start ea,ting : .: :
while e-ating or:drinking'.,
,,, D.)i ,,.make.noises
:r':::i-

r,

.:

i-

:f

::

-r'

..,,,jr .

1 ::

...

.r' .

.l

'
-: first
i, .,,,A);,,.finish,eating
, ' 'g,L' n'ot .talkjat all durlng,ttre
,rr.

C)

,,, '.,';:.1-,,r ,
rneai " ' ,,, ,,. ' '
'

pass the food dishes to the right

.r

D):,' sju!ho, thaiikso,at{d rturh'whd${dodt like

23)

.:,

T,he guests should

...
A),, PfaY, :,
,, '

B).1 stoP tatking

C)

',

,
,,

-t ,

':

:..::.'::r' ':'1:

ii

leave the table

D1,,,..rrn"onthe host or hostess for tle'feast

1N21{g,l

{n

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Table Manners
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text and choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

GOOD MANNERS THROUGH THE

AGES

Setting the table properly d,oesn,t have any value if it

I

is not accompanied by gooci manners while eating. lt

is common to hear parents tell their chitdren: Take

your elbows off the, tablelo or "Don't talk with rfo-od in
you r mouth

!' Belilvg, it.'or noi,, the,se tabJe, rules.-have

put it to your nose!" And what table,rules were common in the 1970s?' The etiquette
:

speiialist Emily Post cites a couple of the most popular, "Eat silently,'not noisilyll'
and "Teach all children to eat r:ight handed,, evgn if they are lefties!" ln the 1990s;
table rules are.arlittle more direct, Muw Mitchell, alias Ms, Demeansr, 'reports that
one of her favori{es is "The only proper place for spitting is at the dentist."

19)

Even today, parents teach their children that

impolite.

A)
- B)
C)
D)
2q

not smelling the food

talking before you eat
avoiding greasing their fingers
placing their elbows on the table ./

ln the 90ts, experts included a rule against

A)
B)
C)
D)

rN11-08

Mary Mitchell
the habit of qpitting ."r''
right handed people
sitting at the proper piace

IS

Read the article apd choose the alternatives that complete the sentences conectly.
I

22)

SETTING THE TABLE

For formal dinners, experts suggest covering

the table with

A)
B)
C)
D)

a pastel
a white pastel
ads about elegance
a soft cslored tablecloth

23) Two good options for a centerpiece are

For a formal dinner, experts recommend

white
using
Pastel-colored
tablecloth to cover the table because it
instantly adds a touch of elegance to the
an
must
gathering. Also
which
ean
centerpieee,
ar
arrangement
consist of naturai flowers, a candelabra
if after 5:00 p.m. or fruits and
vegetables for the more imaginative.

A)
B)
C)
D)

or
a

strong scents and guests

naturalflowers and fruits
colored tablecloths
foods with aroma

is

"You have to be very careful if You

choose a floral araRgement beeause

24)

some have strong scents

which,
can
interfere with ihe aroma of the food that
will be served." Raventss de Pubillones
suggests "centerpieces should coincide
with the celebratioR or event that will
take place."

A)
B)
C)
D)

besides bothering the guests,

o
{
*

The scent of some

disturb the visitors.
celebrations
candelabra
flowers
guests

can

Fead

the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each

sentence.:

(lten.

frclm 20 to 23)

20)

A)
B)
C)
D)

Table Manners When Eating out

It is very important to know and practice

some table manners while tasting some
food when eating out. Here we have
some tips that might be really useful:
Oysters, as appetizer:

Use the small fork angled into the

soupspoon at the right. This is the one
exception to the rule of placing forks to
the left of the plate.

Fish:
Use both a fork and a knifp for fish. The
fish fork is usually shorter than the meat
fork.

Meat:
Use the inner fork and knife for the meat
course of the meal.
Eiread:

Eread must always be broken, never cut

with a knife, Tear off a piece that is no
bigger than two bites worth and eat that
before tearing off another. lf you get

butter (and at formal events it

is

customarily not served), butter the small

piece of bread just before eating it.

tN31-ogr

The foods that require

when eating them are

211

two

oysters and bread

meat and butter
bread and fish
fish and meat

Generally, the fork used

meat is
used for eating'fish.

A)
B)
C)
Di

utensils

for

eating
the {orl

longer than
as large as
as short as
shorter than

22) When eating out,

is the only mealthat f*quires no
utensiis to put it into'fhe rnoutlr.

A)
B)
C)
D)

oyster
bread
nreat

fish

23) People have.to choose

to eat depending'on

F.)
B)
C)
D)

the

utensilt

the type of food

their preferences
their quantitY of time to eat
the number of utens i ls Placed
at the table

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Read the text below-

ESCAZTJ'S OXCART FESTIVITY

'lwenty-five years ago, the

Municipal ,Council of
Escazu established every second Sunday of March
as the Cantonal Day of the Ox Drivers and the
Festival of the Oxcart. ln 2005, UNESCO declared
the ox driver andrthe Costi Rican traditionai oxcart as
l'intangibte patrimony of humanity". Back in 165g, an existing
docurnent certified the existence of two wooden oxcarts'and two teams:of
:
oxen in Escaz6. During the XVlll century, rich Costa Rican families grew sugar
cane and had "trapiches" (rudimentary molasses factories, bringing deep changes

in colonial Costa Rica. These conditions promoted agricultural

development.
Thus, ox drivers settled with their oxcarts not only in Escazri, but in many areas of
the Ceintral Valley. Coffee growing, by the middle of the XIX century, made the
oxcart the most important means of transportation of those days. Nowadays,
oxcarts and'ox drivers participate in religious celebrations of the patron Saint in
different communities, festivals related to localtraditions, and natural resources.
ln the National Parade of Ox Drivers and Oxcarts in Escazu, more than 150 ox
teams and thousands of tourists meet across from the Town Hall. By 10 a.m.,
oxcarts loaded with women dressed in typical costumes start their 3 km journey up

to the Church of San Antonio of Escazu to receive the priest's blessing. Marimba
music and dancing masked figures enliven this popular festivity.
Adapted from La.Nacion, March 200g

on the text above, choose the apfropriate alternative to complete each

_"::d
sentence. (ttems from
B_

24 to 2g)

24) History

A)
B)
C)
D)
lN41-10

records that oxcarts have been part

the XVlll century

sixteen fifty-eight
nineteeneighty-three
the middle of the XIX century

of Costa Rican culture

since

?51,., 1,16",

National Parade of Oxcarts',tflt,plA.ge

A)',

,..'

,C)'
.BJ:.

26.)
:',.:,"

'',',' 27},:,:Toda1.the oicafi is

A)
',ts)

the symbol of San Jos6

an intangible heritage of hurnanity

'c)
Dt

af

ways.,full, ol women

drc,ssg,in,tfpical @sturnes

':

,28) Oxcaris and oxdrivrsf' festival$ he f,eldted to

A)
"B)

the rainy season

religious festivities

c)

ox drivers' associations

,Dl

the communitypf Escazri only

lN41-10

10

.,J

Read the text and choose the correet altemative to comp-lete each statement.

ffiffiffime
People celebrate Chrjstmas in different ways, depending on
the country where they live and th.e tradifioirs they have.
GOSTA RIEA:
Bright, tropical flowers highlight decorations for Christmas.
The nativity scene is decorated with electric lights, moss
and plants, figures of shepherds, sheep, wells, angels and a
eomet. Wreaths of cypress leaves are very popular and
those with a more eecentric taste include coffee berries and
brilliant tropical'plants. The supper, after Midnight Mass,
consists of tamales, roast pork meat and other local dishes. \G'

THE UNITED STATES:

Americans celebrate Christmas with the exchange of gifts
and greetings and with family'visits. Christmas begins witn
the Midnight Mass. At Christmas it snows in many states, so
dinner is commonly eaten indoors. Dinner is ujually roast
turkey, goose, duck or ham served with cranberry iarcu,
plum pudding, pumpkin pie, nuts and'fruit: American honres are decorated with holly, misfietce
and branches ot trees and a ehristmas tree with ereetric- --g----_
rights.

AUSTRALiA:
The holiday eCImes in the middle ef sun:rner. lt's Usual for some parts of Australia to hit .i00
{egnees Fahnenheit on e hilsimas Day. in Sydney, thousands of families prepare their ehristmas
dinner and iake it to Bondi Beach. Australians decorate their houses *ith a red-flowereei-leave
bushes that are native from Australia.

21) In every eountry n:entioned

22)

before,

peeple eelcbrate Christmas depending

in eosta Rica, during ehristmas the

on
A)

their cultural heritage

B)

Australian standards

c)

Ameriean customs

E)

gifts and greetings

10

$ci*i:'-

A)

decorations are coiorful

F)

nativity scene is not popular

U,'

wreaths are made of tamales

D)

supper includes red coffee berries

23)

for,din,ner"

In the' United Statee" peoplahave,ig

A)'
B)
:

OucX

tamales with'holly-',

r,,,,

cranberry anO Chleken-iid :

r: :.i::

' ...

,1,

'','

'Cj "turxey; nuts, and pumpkin PiQ

DJ turkey- witlr, eo",ffe, f ber:r' res sauqe,
:,

24; , 6utihg ehi'istmag in

,

are mad e, o{,

Cost-a',Ri.ca,

cY.P,

ress.

,it

n).

wleaths'

rB)

many houses

c),

some tamales

'P-)

many main meals

..t,

'tt,
'

25)

to. decor.ate the nativitY scene.

Qgs1a Rieans'use

A)
' B)
C)
D)

different kinds of berries

moss and Plants
pork meals
tamaies

26)

ln the United States it's common to eat

'

A)

beef

'B)'

Poultry

.:i

.i

C)
D)

tamales
ham Pudding

for'Christmas supper.

Read the text. Chocse the altemative to answer the questions-

ST. ANDREWS DAY

One of the 12 Apostles, Andrew, is the patron saint of Scofland and every year
Scots around the world celebrate Nov. 30 or thereabouts with a lively ball (big
dance) and different customs to honor his name.
On the eve of St. Andreds Day single girls pray to St. Andrew for a husband
and if one doesn't appear fast enough they throw a shoe at the front door. lf the
shoe lands in the direction of the way out, that means the girl will be maried
and out of her parents' house within the year, Also they peel an apple without
breaking the skin and throw it behind them. lf the peel fonns a letter of the
alphabet, that would be the start of the groom's name.
The blue flag of Scotland with its diagonal white cross, known as The Saltier
Cross, represents the transverse cross where Andrew was crucified by the
Romans-

25)

How do Scots commernorate St- Andre#s Day?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Wearing

typil cpstumes

Singingtraditionalcfiants
Wth an great dance
Praying allday long

26)

tffhat do young womeil ask of St. Andrew? To

"

A)
B)
C)
D)

marry a saint
catcfr a spous
crucifo the Romans
throw a shoe on the flmr

12

27)

What does the shoe tl'rrowing imply?

it means that the youngster

A)
B)
C)
D)

28)

wants a husband quickly

will live with her parents

What does throwing the peel of an apple reveal?

A)
B)
C)
D)

29)

has to revealthe Eroomrs n&lrl

requests an apple to peel

How fast the husband is going

io appear

The starting letier of {he sair$rs narne

The first letter of the groorn's'name
The direction of the groom's house

What does The Saltier Cross represent? lt symbolizes

A)
B)
C)
D)

the Roman white cross

the way Andrew died
St. Andreds banner
Scotland's blue flag

13

!
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Homework Readings
Holidays and Celebrations
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text. Choose the option that completes each sentence correctly.

.25)

The first Thanksgiving Day took place in

A)
B)
C)
D)

England
Plymouth

allthe United States

allAmericancountries

26)

This celebratiol ga{ters

A)
B)
C)
D)

.l

2{

Sorne

A)
B)
C)
D)

28)

relatives
justthe emPloYees
.just the yourlg,People
grandmothersexdusivelY

pqle

to be ai home on Ttranksgiving-

work

do eiilra
make long tuiPs
make foreign fo6d

T"k"

'
.

dressesand Patters

Nowadays people'etebrate'iftranksgiving followingthe

.\

A)
B)

c)
D)

sbange
modem
different
traditional

29\ The main dish on this holidaY is

A)
B)
C)
D)

milk
turkey
cream
the dressing

u/ay.

Reed thd{ext below,

;e

rr$$*a

ra*+{Fr r refl**..#*

r+f#5d*B rilfl;}lD-e rrililrlif

G
6i
$

fi

'--=

1.

,.:

tn Costa Rica, Cultprqs' Day is celeb,ratdd on ffiobet 12;.a Special date tor Lim6n
wtrere a 1&day party has been held for more than frfty years. This time, the'first
adivitythatfticksoffthetraditionalcarnivalislhecoronalionof thehql-agbn. '",. ,' "'

f,

*.or*l5,h$ Fileworks alyvAys,, foJ!,o,yrv'. t[e.,,coronatien, along wlth ,a *

fl lights". Cainiv,bj.organizers qxFec,t, l.S-,00P
?-*ffift'..@ncelt'oflights".-Carniv.alorganizersexpect15,000
q.
s
F

'

&
*.

stt.

p'"ffi

', nruugh

ni,'rnuttiqui Wist

'T'hisparadd
is scheduled for.the senstd +jeekend:' The night of flT e
+
i
' parade,lat I', o'clock, an,intemifionelband'usually gives d free,
e
.+'.#'
F
. :----:r -:.:- - ----'-: -,.,-:'--'lI--.-:.,.,..,r.
timtnteityand,some area,beaches
open-airConcertin'fPargudVar,gas".'
Gi
concerts,o- ,.,O_$o,
cbveriltg.a
1-5,
S *itl hq.$J at least four otheq free
.22;
"tropical" musical range from "salsa" and "merengue" to "ranchera", and of course, the
G - -r-.
Caribbeqn standard, lcalypso1
Qi:
*ii
f..

qt

{{;

1i9,

ijq

New to the carnival are two chiidrenls festivals on October 13'a'nd'22, and d show of
''dancing horses on October'15.

&

g.
tnY

*Kick gff: tostart something, especialiy an exciting evenl

F'
q.

'..-, J

$"8*

,*&d, r *4-r$3$"*rs "l..Sae'iF9&'"Xa

iil.*W{e$effiery{brffieew

Based on the,text, choopg the appropriate'altemative to answef eactr questicn.

(ltems from 24 to 28)

241 Hov long has the'Carnival,treen eelebrated? For

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN11-09

50 years and 10 days

more than 5 decades
10 days per month:
less than 50 years

11

,'}ll,

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.;i

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'i...;;
-r

t,-,:

i,,,+;.,+ i.t'-'ii,

i, 'r.41:t

:"

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28)

lNhat dges the parade in Lim6n represent?

A)
B)

c)
D),

retigious beliefs
'

culturql featqres'

".sociaf

:itnpreve-fnef;,tt,

educational aspects

a,r:';?.:t'

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Read the text.

,

SL,oBAL,W.ARM|NG

:
'a

.,:

ffi##iffififffiktTffflil$fi:ffffi

i
a

since the mid-2Oh century is very expected due to the observedincrease in greenhouse gas .on""ntr"tions:"

@s

The term "global warming" refers (in common usage) to the recedt warming of the
gJimate, and it implies a human influence. Thus, the'term "climate change', is'used ior
human'-caused change, and "climate variabillty" for other cha4ges.'

Climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperaturejs are
likelytoincrease by 1.1 to 6.4"C between 1990 and 2100. Some effects of ,,global
warming" include changes in agricultural yields; glacief - retreat:, reduced srrnr"r'
.stream'flowS, species extinctions; sea levbl ris, intensity bf extreme weagfer events,
tn9 amount and pattern bf precipitatiori resufiing in floods an'd drought, and
thanges
, increases.in the rangeS of,diseases.:.

' '

r:!

ihe

climate system varies through natural, internal processes and iri rebponse to
changes in external factorS, which include solar activity, volcanic emission's; variations^
in the earth's orbit and greenhouse gases+ Contrbstinj with the'scientin" lonr"n;; i;^
that the warming/is caused by natural fluctuations in the climate or that warming is
mainly a result of variations in solar radiation. The detailed causes of the reJent
w.arming remain an active field of research, Udt tne scientific consensus identifies
increased levels of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main influence.

Adapted by Janet Bailey

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 19 to 33)

29)

Globalwarming is generally defined as a

i:
!

A)
B)

c)

D)

lN41-10

rise in surface air and water temperature

natural transformation of the climate
climate normal fl uctuation
sea level rise

11
i
f

30)

The IPCC:study

A)
B)

C)
D)

gives an unquestionable explanation of global warming

. explains that globalwarming is'ddbreasing very slowly
introduces a unified theory explaining globalrvarming
covers.a period of more than a hundred years

"'is used for changes that are caused

31) The term "

primarily due to human intervention.

A) ternperaturers variability
B) greenhouse gases
C) greenhouse effect
D) climate change
32)

Gontrary to the scientific studies, some scientists believe that global warming,is
mainly a result,of changes in

'A)
B)
C)
D)

''j

glacier reti'eat
.solar radiation
greenhouse gases

volcanic emissions

33) One thing that is Rgt considered a globalwarlning

:

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN41-10

solar activity

sea level rise

greenhouse gases

'

volcanic emissions

'12

external,factor is

Read the text'below.

above, choose the appropriate alternativ6 to answer each question.

(ltems from 29 to 33)

29) Who is the pioneer in distributing

A)
B)

C)
D)
rN21-09

organic products?

Bio=Productores Oro Verde'S.A.

"Members of Healthier Food S.A.
The supermarket ownerS

A Costa Rican family

13

30)

Why should Costa Ricans choose organic products?

Because theY are

A)

'
:

',chbmical'free '

'
B)'beingdernanded
,:
C) grown in good'so.ils
D) cultivated in houses

,: ,
,

,
' ,

'

'

II

t?

'

31) what dlilemma do farmers

have due to the growing'need for organic prodqcts?

Sellers

B)
C)

losses .
demand

experlment economical
:cannot fulfill the

.'

'.
.
"

,:

'

"

32)

What sflrould farrners do to:increase the distribution of organic products?

They should

A)
B)
C)
D)

ask f'or bank loans

avoid p-esticides
reduce prices
get together

33) Why are organic

l'I
;
$
n

products a gobO option for farmers?

Because

A)
B)
-C)

D)

N21:b9

they increase the demand of pesticides

production costs are lower
they adapt to any soil
farmers get rich

14

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Homework Readings
Environment
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

t'

':

Read.the text below-

BEST ORGANIC COFFEE AWARDED

Miramontes Mill is an organic coffee plantation in Zarcel'o. Recenfly, it won the

lnternet lnternational Auction* of "Golden crop" with a price of $525 a
quintal 1i000 kilograms)., For the second year, an important part of
their production will be exported to Japan.

Because of their, cultivation methods and results,

experts qualified the coffee flavbr produced by
Ricardo P6rez and frieridS as i'exotic". ,,1 cultivated
600 trees"of purple avocado'for 10 years" but I
realized that the pesticides applied to'litile orange
spiders poisoned the trees, my work and my family," Ricardo explained.
From that moment on, P6rez decided to grow coffee together with other types of
plants and trees. Consequently, pests did not concentrate on coffee plants only,
but also in all theiother plants. ln addition, Ricardo P6rezuses micro-organisms
to keep the land fertile and healthy. ln such conditions, these coffee.plantations
will last up to 25 years instead of producing during.only 10
n

years.

*Auction: a public sa/e af which

items are

sold

to the

person

who offers to pay the most money.

TakeT frpm,,Etpaseo rn Ctsfa Rrca,, Magazine

Based on the text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

(ltems from 29 to 33)

29) . To produce a unique cotfee flavor, farmers must

A) kill little spiders

B) .use special chemicals
C) avoid the use of pesticides
D) ,, concentrate pests

rN11-09
.'':

on coffee plants

13

30) By using this 'cultivation method in coffee plantations,

I

A) '

a larger pla$ation

gi ton$er:lasting,harvests.

,'

"
C) the destruction of pests
D) an easierway to produce coffee
l

ii

31)

Micro-organisrns help the land by

,
B)
bl

A)

,.D)

enriching the soil

leaving ttre land sterite
increasing the number of pests
consuming, the nutrients of the soil

32) Winning'the

A)
B)
C)
D)
33)

'

'tcolden CIop" auction was the,result of

good luck
hard work
growing coffee by regular methods
improvisingagriculturaltechniques

Miramontes Mill has exported coffee to Japan

A)
B)

tor 25 years
for 10 years

,C)

twice

D)

once

I
I{,

lN11-09

14

Ricardo, P6rez will obtain

t'

*'fitrfi.

text belon1 choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.,

(ltems from

Deqtruction of The ,Environment

;,tne

29) What
envrronment

everything around

A)
B)
C)
D) '

both natural and manmade" A major problem

in the vrcrirl today is the destruciion of

tl're natural environment. This is a

millions of plastic bags, containers, toys,

and other objects: These stay in the

sources of

article?

u-s,

complicated problem. We burn fuel, and

this causes air pollution. We throw away

are some

contamination mentioned

is

in

the

Wastes from factories anrJ trasl:

Cancei in humans and anirnals
Electricity and aiciilents
Non acid rainsto rrns

30) Why is nuclear power

harmful to the

environment?
Because

environment. They are not like paper or

wood that slourly disappear. We have

A)
B)
C)
D)

made thousands of ne\ry chemicals.

Factories that make oi- use chemicals
always have chemical wastes. These

of adequate chernical uses

of fallout residua ls in the air"
of the responsitrle us6'of wastes
countries follow strict safety
rules

are often poisonous and they stay in the

environment. Since 1g45, several

countries have been testing

nuclear

. bombs in the air and underground. The

expiosions in the air cause nuclear fallout
(radioactive i.ain). The fallout causes

cancer anO t<itts animals and people.

Now there are nuclear power plants to

fiake electricity. These dispose

of

dangerous w,astes underground,

and

that can be

very

trave

accidents'

cJangerous.

lN3i-t39a

10

31)

How does man pollute

By

A)
B)
C)
D)

the

air?

people
killing animals. an
producing more etectricitY
burning fuel and testing bombs
throwing a.llwastes into
containers

Hurricanes Benefit Caribbean

The Caribbean coast revealed a few secrets during an epic October. Undergoing a
phenomenon that seems to happen every few years, a Caribbean hurricane on a distant
side of this sea sucked all the humidity away, leaving cloudless blue skies and sea as flat
as mercury.
The resulting rush of high-pressure air to the low-pressure center of the hurricane also
causes massive rains on the Pacific slope of mountain ranges, as moisture-laden air rises
to rush over high peaks of Costa Rica towards the hurricane. During disaster conditions
of extremely heavy rains on the Pacific, the south Caribbean sees the weather become as
nice as it ever gets, with a fresh, dry breeze blowing down from the Talamancas.
1. An atmospheric phenomenon is taking humidity away from the __________________.
a. Costa Rican Pacific
b. Costa Rican Caribbean
c. Pacific mountain ranges
d. distant side of the Caribbean sea
2. A very distant hurricane has caused strong rains in the ________________________.
a. Caribbean coasts
b. south Caribbean zones
c. all high peaks of Costa Rica
d. Pacific side of the mountains

3. Two weather conditions for the south Caribbean are _________________________.

a. cool with blue skies
b. humid with hurricanes
c. cool with massive rains
d. cloudless and heavy rains

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Read the text. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence (36, 37, 38 and 39).

DEPARTURE GtTy: Aflanta $

SSS

PAGKAGE INGLLIDES:

. 2 nights

accommodation at the Best Western lrazt, San Jos6 (1st & last)

o 3 nights accommodation at the Best Western Jac6, Jaco Beach

c Round-trip airfare to San Jos6

o Round-trip airport / hoteltransfers
o Round-trip San Jos6 / Jac6 Beach transfers

. All hoteltaxes

& service charges

DAY 01: SAN JOSE:

Tourists will be welcomed at the airport and transferred to the hotel in San Jos6 by
a luxury bus.
DAY 02 - 04: JACO BEACH:

Tourists will enjoy 3 nights at the "Best Western Jac6". Wake up each morning
and enjoy the sounds of the ocean, take a swim, and enjoy a canopy tour swinging

through the trees of the jungle with monkeys and hundreds of different bird
species. After that, they can take a relaxing dip in the pool of the hotel or just
enjoy laying around the beach.
DAY 05: SAN JOSE:

Transfer back to the "Best Western lraz{" hotel. Visitor:s cari enjoy this beautiful
hotel and its amenities, while staying the last night in costa Rica.
DAY 06: SAN JOSE:
Tourists are transferred to the airport to take the flight back to the country of origin,
or they may choose to stay longer and enjoy a bit more of beautiful Costa Rica.

tN11-08

15

36)

The package includes

who take it.

A)
B)
C)
D)
37)

'

2 nights in San Jos6, at the end of the trip

enjoy a canopy
lay around,the pool
hearthe sounds ofthe ocean
enjoy the bestfrom tneiungle

On the sixth day, tourists

A)
B)
C)
D)
39)

some free facilities

free round transfers to San Jos6
accommodation at lraz0 Best Western

At the sea shore, tourists would be able to

A)
B)
C)
D)
33)

for the people

have to leave the hotel

have to stay at the hotel
must take the flight to their country
can:decide whether to stay or not in Costa Rica

Tourists have to take

A)
B)
C)
D)

|Nl1.08

transportation to enjoy this trip.

tand and air

air and water
air and public
land and water

't6

ooo

Read the text below.

Tourism in Costa Rica

Costa Rica is considered a natural par.adise

because people can enjoy a great variety
of
microclimates and landscapes, fronr
smcking '.#
volcanoes and lush tropical jungles to
niarvelous t,eaches, vrith a diversit),
of floi.a ant
fauna. These naturar woncers wiil surprise
air nationar and intern ational travelers
Besides, this extraordinary biodiversity
is conrplemented by a v,ride offer cf
open ai
activities, ranging from bird Watching and
exci.;r.sicns along the beach,
where it i:
possible to dive in crystar crear waters,
take white rvater i-afting irips, travel
thror:gh the
jungle on foot, and stay in one
of the few hostels near there.
Tortuguero National Park, lraza Volcano
Nationa! park, and Manuel Antonio
Nationa
Park are amcng the mosi impcrtant natural
resFsGS. in the first park,
u;; ";" i.l',.], ,
boat ride'through the Tortuguero canal
and admire its exuberant tropic";;";";;:,ir,
species of tortoises, and its lovely vrooden
houses painted in vivicJ
;ir,* r*rono
park !s located to the nerrh of cartago
"oiorr.
and is one of inu *o=,;;;;;";r:;;rr"
Rica due to its "out of this worrd" runar
randscape,n*, *r,,";;;;:;;:.
ago' The latter park's natural beauty consists
of its three beaches, a tropicaljungle
with
immerse rubber plants, mangrove swamps
and the waters of the pecific, clotted by
small rocky islands with rich marine life,
and the cc,rcovado National park.
Adapted from "pestinos Maqazinql reading:
Based on text above, choose the appropriate
alternative to
to 37)
*-il r"ntenc. (trems

"o*pr"t"

32) ln costa Rica, tourists can enjoy the

abunrience of frora anci

A)
B)
C)
D)

renting parks
any type of business
great number of hodtels
alien-looking landscapes

11

fauna as rvell q;

i 33) :One of the opportunities that tourists have in Costa Rica is

A) hiking in the jungle
B) to enrich marine life
C) selling colorful boats
D) living in wooden houses
341'

One of the sporting activities that tourists can experience.is

A)
B)
C)
D)
35)

small country
beautiful place to visit
land with many divers
country with huge rocky islands

large number of wooden houses

variety of flora and fauna
great arnount of visitors
lack of flora and fauna

Tourists will have a great chance to

A)
-, B)
C)
D)
.- .

Tourists will be surprised by Costa Rica's

- A)
B)
C)
D)
37)

turtles

watching
visiting the jungle
playing indoor activities

The article mentions that Costa Rica is a

A)
B)
C)
D)
36)

diving

lN31*-6n

in

admire wildlife
swim in private rivers
walk inside the vofcano
enjoy a singularly predominant climate

12

Costa

Rica.

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Travel
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

fr

37) At My. Africa, visitors will

A)
B)
C)
D)

find

tigers and lions '

two kinds of predators*
native and foreign species
dangerous animal encounters
.$

38) Onei .attraction of this place ,is

A)
B),

C)
D)

the harmony between lions

"
and tigers
to see animals running around
the danger of the predators
to visit African grounds

39) The zoo is

A)
B)
C)
lJ)
...'

lN41-10

14

out of Costa Rican lands

inside an aquatic park
in a paradise in Africa
near "El Salto River'

r:.

Read the i'nforma'tion rbelow.

Rental cars:
'Agencies:are plentiful in,,Sa,fl, Jose- Among, others,'tourists may find ,Tropical,
Budget and Natlonal, All haye late-model vehicles from sgbrcompact to four:Wheef
: ::
all:terrain veh'icles:' Quality bf ser:vice and prices are reasonable.
j

..,:

'':

Tortuguero National Park:

A jungle located,on the coast with a targe nr.rmber of wild animal species'tl1at qan

be seen while on boat tours, home to the Caribbean Conservation'Corporation and

sitebfgreensea'turtlenestirlg.',, .' ,' ,

,ll '

,,

'

LankesterGarden:'':'' :
It l'ras over 800 species .of. ,orchids:' Near Cartago city,, it is, nsw part of the
"

'

Hiking: : \

'" ,' '

'

One day hikes are offered to tourists. Many

i are hikes tb volcanoes. Reliable

guid.esareavailable.

'

'

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to complete, eagh sentence.
(ltems 34 to 39)

34)

A)
B)

reliable guides

C)

,, valuable insights

main attractions

D)
35)

..

when discbvering Costa Rica.

Turtle nestihg is one of the

high quality services

The cars you find in rental agencies

A)

q particular'terrain

'B)

recent

D)

old

.,,

'. r

lN21-09

are

l.

,:

15

'

mode{s.

36)'

You can appreciate,

A)

from.a'boat.

800 species of orchids

.
C):,,Cartago, , ,'
D),' ,wildlife ' ,: .i ., .

'

B), 'uo,."no-eS. ,

':
37) An advantage of the hikesris that tourists
, j

i. ._

ir'',1

c)

get good guidance

":_

get late-1nodels

D)

Tico lifestyle

.f

'', )
, l, ,,, ,,

',

are sgen ofl',?'bo?t,,.,

,.'B)

'

ge-t a:valuable insight'oJ

iA)

'r

I -.'

.I

,'

.. .,

38;: ,p""0 the information in the cfiart

1.
2,, '
3,
4.
5.

lt is in Cartago, only.
,Th.e service,is
,

verygood,

Most of them go to lhe volcanoes; '

Some animals lay eggs in this"place.
Use the public system to know about their habits.

Fro rn the,observation s a bove, s,taternents n umbe

car rqntal and to a national park, resplectively,

A)
B)

,1.,

"
1and5
2and4

C) ,3and5'

D)

t:

i.
i

1+
i

39)

,, ,' - ,

aand5

Visitors can wAtch

National Park. ' '

in their habitat

i'
I

:i
i
I

I
I

j.
i','
{'.::
i

A)
B)
C)
D)

hundreds of orchids
green turtles only
plenty of species

a few species

i, i
i

'i

i,!'

tN21-09

refer to a

!'

16

in,

To(uguero

.i

Read the text bglow and choose the correct.alternative to complete each sentence.

s4Y,'TDG"

36)

All of the places

A)
B)
C)
D)

37)
,

serve champagne and caviar

are located near the sea

have swimming pools

offer fruits and flower

The,three packages are just for

lt._

A) swimmers

B)
C)

movie stars

D)

honeymooners

ocean viewers
:

38) Mi Casita offers the

A)
B)
C)
D)

",+.

Package-

longest
shortest

iheapest
most expensive

39)

The three packages include

A)
B)
'C)
D)

17

breakfast
flowers

dinner
wine

,,

Read the text below and choose the appropria_te alternative to complete each sentence.
1ttems from 34 to 36).
,

34) You.will

find

tn

most r.ural dreas.,

A)
B)
C)
D)

lChespiritos"
,

QominicalBeach
a beautiful panorama
: large rice plantations
s

35)

Have you ever traveled arbund'rural areas

in Costa Rica? Well,'l find that Some of the
most relaxing 'experiences are certainly

'

to go
on a. tour from high .lands to sea
level lands in Costa Rica.
It

ti*es
'i

A) a cguple of minutes
B) more than a day.
C) less than a day
D) a few days

towns in the countryside,.

stopping at a 'lpulperia" for a soft drink,
enjoying the surrounding , scenery, 'and

visit!.ng. small

talking"to hardworking country people.

You do not have to.go too far, A round trip
of just a few hours will allow'you to tour
severai small towns from the mountains to
the sea. What about having breakfast at
"Chebpiritos" ,in the misty highiands of
"Cerro de la fvluerte'; where delicious
omelets, homemade eheese tortillas, and
sour cream are typically served with hot
coffee or chocolate?

'

lf you continue on south to P6r9z Zeled6n,

you wltl get to the District of San lsidro, one
of the most prospqrous agricultural areas in
the courltry. On the way, you can enjoy the
sight of large coffee, sygar cane qnd iice
plantations:

' About an hgur southwest of San tsidro yotl

, wilt find Dominical Beach. Dominical will
:invite you
!o enjoy Jhe nice warm weathef
and the beach.
tN'1:1-09

15

:
36) The author

considers counlryside

tourisT'a(n)
.

l+:;.

expeflence.

A) very exciting
B) extenuating
C) peaceful
D) stressful

Corcovado
Located in the Southwest of Costa Rica, Corcovado National Park is a popular tourist
destination in that country. It is popular because of its incredible biological diversity, and
is considered one of the most biologically diverse places on the earth. The park contains
one of the few large areas of lowland tropical rainforests in the world. This is the cause of
the parks biological diversity, and allows for animals like tapirs, jaguars, monkeys,
caiman, anteaters, and sloths to inhabit the park. Another reason for the biodiversity is
that Costa Rica is part of the so-called land bridge that connects North and South
America.
This famous park covers an area of 425 square kilometers on the Osa Peninsula. It was
created in 1975 by President Daniel Oduber. This was done to help prevent logging,
which had been proposed by some international logging companies. Although it was
protected from this threat, the modern day threat of tourism is becoming more
problematic. Even though tourists bring funds to help protect the area, their presence is
now threatening the survival of some of the animals in the park.
1. ___________________ created Corcovado National Park.
2. Corcovado National Park is located in the ______________ part of Costa Rica
3. There are no current threats to the park.

True

False

4. Corcovado National Park contains lowland tropical rainforest.

True

False

5. Give two reasons for the biological diversity in Corcovado National Park:
________________________
__________________________
6. Which of the following pairs of animals are found in the park?
a. tapirs and elephants
b. jaguars and monkeys
c. alligators and sloths
d. bats and lemurs

Monteverde Cloud Forest

Located in the Tilarn mountain range on the border between the provinces of
Puntarenas and Alajuela, the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is one of the most
popular tourist destinations in Costa Rica. The Tilarn mountain range runs from north to
south in the Northwest region of Costa Rica. The preserve contains over 10,500 hectares
of tropical rainforest. It was founded in 1972, by a group of scientists from the United
States with the help of some local scientists as a private reserve. These scientists used
their own money to buy some of the land, and were able to get other land donated from
American settlers and locals. Its first use was for scientific research.
Today, the preserve is visited by about 70,000 tourists each year. They come to
see the various forms of plant and animal life, especially the many different types of
frogs, lizards, and snakes. One animal visitors can no longer see is the golden toad, which
was native to the area, but disappeared in the 1980s. Another aspect of the preserve that
attracts tourists is the most diverse collection of orchids, a type of flower, in the world.
There are over 500 different types of orchids in the Monteverde Preserve.
Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is located in which mountain range:
a. Tilarn
b. Talamanca
c. Central
d. Guanacaste
When did the golden toad disappear from Monteverde?
a. 1970s
b. 1972
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
The Monteverde Preserve has the largest variety of _________ on the planet
a. toads
b. lizards
c. orchids
d. flowers
Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve contains:
a. mangrove forests
b. grasslands
c. tropical plains
d. tropical rainforest
Who created the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve: ____________________________
In what year was Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve created: _____________
What was the original purpose of the Monteverde Preserve: _______________________

Lankester Botanical Garden

Visitors, especially those from northern climes, will be delighted by the Lankester
Botanical Garden, located about a half-hours drive from San Jos. Although the ground
back home might be blanketed by snow, at Lankester it is always spring, and orchids
bloom all year around. In the gardens trees and greenhouses, about 800 of Costa Ricas
1,400 species of orchids thrive, along with a spectacular collection of showy, native
bromeliads, bamboo, heliconias, palms and cacti. Peak blooming season for the orchid is
from February to May, but visitors are assured of finding blossoms any month of the
year. Well-tended air trails wind through natural tunnels of bamboo, across rustic
bridges, lead to a small butterfly park and a stand of secondary tropical forest. The garden
was originally founded by British naturalist Charles H. Lankester, and it is maintained
today by the University of Costa Rica. Guided tours are given daily from 9 a.m. to 3:30
p.m.
1. What is the main attraction of Lankester Botanical Garden? The _____________.
a. drive from San Jos
b. delightful visitors
c. orchid collection
d. rustic collection

2. What kinds of scenery is it possible to find in Lankester Garden?

a. greenhouses and a butterfly park
b. natural and British tunnels
c. tropical forests and snow
d. rustic bridges and peaks

3. When do people visit Lankester Botanical Garden?

a. only from February to May
b. from 3:30 p.m. to 9 a.m.
c. on any day of the week
d. only during spring

4. Who is in charge of Lankester Botanical Garden?

a. The University of Costa Rica
b. Charles H. Lankester
c. British naturalists
d. tour guides

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q
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Read thetext below.

DEPffiSSION, AiIOTHER SILEI{T ENEIIIY

According to specialists, common depression could be considered a temporary
feeling. lt could also become a relevant disease.
:a

Depression could be considered a state of mind when there is an

extemal event that explains the feeling: a divorce, a car crash,
a financial crash or tre death of a loved one. ln these
*asbs,
depression is a natura!responeeto a grief"

As 1, sedous medicaf'cordition,' depression is an extended

,tim.'of sadneEs'wtthsgt :an..evident external reason or a
disproportionate gioom* in relation to the event (like being sad
about a car crash beyond 15 days). ln such o6sa; depression appears with loss
of appetite, insomnia and sleepiness.

lf you find someone in deprbssion, the foflotrrrirqiquestions co-uld'help him/her:

r ls there any external event that explains this fteling?

. .How long'has he/she been indepression? , "
o Was he/she diagnosed before with any important {isease?
,

ln fact, suggesting simple activities'like enjoy,iqg the sun, walking, and watching
funny TV programs could help to ease the problem until the person finOs propei
medical treatment.
*Gloom:

a feetingof sadness orhopelessness

Adapted from "Costa Rica Today"

p.ased.-o1the text above', choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.

(ltems 40 to

40)

44)

tA/hat can be the cause of minor depression?

'
B)
C)
D)

A)

lN11-09

Laziness
Boredom

An important loss
Any ex{ernalevent

4L) tf.rlhat ie the rrqit impo4ant thing, g,pelson.should

oo it he/she
depression? To
r:l:

suftrs from sedous

.'lit.,,

.;;.:*#il

el

*.ldfit,n

rnihrbr

depiegbitln:&1*eilcr$eC ? As
i;i
'.ti.,'r':
r ,.;lE'

...i

A!

a phy:siual.dlseata
proloiigeclunhappirr,bss

"' :'" "

,* ,',,
c) epssifi$,sboffiyfeelirg ' :
$ Ec*p,@*,.&lifa.d
*,: ,,,1 ..,,, ,
B)

',:..

.::l

What

,",,"A!

B}

,clD)

,i

,:,.rii;:lirrrsrir:i:ltr

'

{3}'

.:

I:::.i

eouH'bC'

-,#**|*1

,.

siqaeU a tymptom of serref,d*.ptF9one

;'' r:i.::: .r';r:.:',

have a car cragh

go thro4h a divorce

Fel

r..li'i

turelong tirne

44) Vvhat s.hould people with persistent depression symptorns

do untilthey see a dodor?
They should .
..:
...''..',":
lt.: , .i l, ':: .
, :" rr. ,, r.i:r i ? :i:ij i-!

A)
B)
C)
D)

lNl1{s

uork,hard

.,

carry ort relaxing ac*ivities

leam.abbut.rnirmr;diEeas , ,,,
. alroid

rvatchirq funnyprggram$

18

lRead the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (40,41,42,43 and

SOME BENEFITS OF FOLIC ACID

Whether you're courting pregnahcy

40)

adequate intake of folic acid for both

men and women is now. Deficiency
of folate can precipitate excess blood

levels of the amino acid

homocysteine, a known risk factor

41)

of the

division

lefects and

of

pirth

42)

43)

B)

c)

system. Folic
nontoxic, and the

lt is

is

D)

lnfants may be affected.

Birth defects may increase.
Cancers'symptoms can get worse.

Yeady
Weekly
Everyday
Every month

400

44) Where has research about folic acid

been done?

possible

to
consume this amount of.folate if you
are carefulto maintain a healthy diet.

A)

In different U.S clinics

B)

Where DrOakley works

At birth control institutes
ln all American institutes

c)
D)

tN11-08

Deaths can be avoided.

How often can folate bie taken?

A)

anticancer defense

recommended daily intake

According to Mr. Oakley, what could be

possible if people intakefolic acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

50,000 deaths from heart attack

each year in the United States.
Folate deficiency increases the risk
of colon and cervical cancer, and
reduces the body's supply of a
special protein which is a potent
ingredient of our own built in

micrograms.

Anemia
Diabetes
Heart attacks
Breathing problems

developmental

disabilities at the U.S. Centers for

Disease Control, research findings
here indicate that adequate folate
intake . could prevent approximately

acid is

For no one
For all men and women
lt's essentialfor little kids
For a few pregnant women

What can folate insufficiency provoke?

A)
B)
C)
D)

for heart diseases, strokes and some

forms of cancer.
According to Dr. Godfrey Oakley,

director

Based on the text, for whom is folic acid

essential?

A)
B)
C)
D)

or not, the time to think about

44).

17

-'f_1----'.-''.
ri

Read the text below

"BREAKBONE" FEVER?
Breakbone Fever is an acute viral infectibn characterized by

the symptor.n of fever. lt is also named Dengue Fever.

Breakbone Fever is caused by a bite from mosquitoes

\
HI
|/
h

carrying the Dengue virus. The first indication is a skin

rash and high fever with severe pain in the head and

muscles. Other symptoms may include shaking chills,

dianhea, and vomiting.

The secondary fonns of this disorder are called Dengue

Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrorne. These are usually caused by a
secondary infection with a different type of Dengue virus (Type

2).

Several days

after the virus attacks, other symptoms may include fever, bleeding under the skin,
red spots on the legs, and bleeding in the intestines.

"A

marked fall in blood pressure

(shock) occurs in very severe cases.

Dengue mosquitoes breed in containers that hold water, such as: buckets, discarded
tires, plastic bags, plant bases, boats, tin cans, plastic containers, roof gutterings and
rainwater tanks. The Dengue mosquito does not breed in riverc, open drains, creeks

or mangroves.' The best form to control this mosquito is to get rid of all mosquito
breeding sites around the home

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to answer each question.
(ltems 40 to 44)

40)

How do people usually get infected with Deilgue Hemonhagic Fever?

By

A) eating contaminated food

B) a different type of Dengue virus
C) drinking water from rainwater tanks
D) the same virus that causes Typel Dengue

tN21-09
&t,,

*&

17

41)

What

ii

the beet uray to prevent Dengue?

lo

A) stay away frorn rivers

B) get rid of plastic bags at home
C) war.h your hands before e?ting
D) destroy mosguito breeding sites
42)

lAJhst mav bC a

A).

B)

sqnptol

of Primary

G)

..
;l,'

ffypell

.,.Efqed.i0gr,'.,,,!

Red spots on the bgs

pr,gesure
Very low
,
DI,,. $ore rnuscles and.bee4

, ,. ',

*iue?,

'r.;f

r j-

l',

,,
:!1ii

lr"

bld

::! :,r:j: :at :l :t:t:' ::!jt:

.....
43)

Horrv is

tfie Breakborie Fever related

It'$

A),

B)

.C)

D)

sirnllarto
just the same as
very different fror* .
abOutthE same as

,,:,,

4$'

,T{

yutft* *mt*t

A)

Shock

B).

Headq

syryptqrn,caq

C) Minclr&te:,
D) i/luscl**r*e
'

j'

l}*rs

-1.

''

.:.

'',
:,.

'

.i

by a qgcord1ry in&ction of,Dengue-virus?

; i

i':'

:.,
:

:t
ir'

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Read the text and choose the correct option to answer each question
1as, 46,47and 48).
How does a democratic country
controlthe limits of power?

SCOPES AND LIMITS

OF AUTHORITY
When we talk all
about privileges,

duties,

powers,

A)
B)
C)
D)

qYq

and boundaries,

Using the judges' authority.

lmproving the Congress'power.
Increasing the president's authority.
Writing a constitution which limits the.."
power.

we use the term

scope and limits.

46)

By scope we mean how far the

authority extends, or how much
authority can be exercised. By

A)
B)
C)
D)

boundaries we mean the limits set up

to make sure that authority is not
misused.

ln democratic countries, even the

president must honor the scope and
limits of the fosition. He or she has
the power and the duty to enforce.the
law. The president, however, has
limits on his power. For instance, the
president cannot declare a war

...

'}Y

Which government entity authorizes the

President to spend taxes?
The Congress
The Constitution
The President himself
People who wrote the Constitution

47) Why does the Constitution give more power

to certain positions? Because some of the
government positions

A)
B)
C)
D)

because that is the job of the

Congress. The president does not

misuse authority
have unlimited power
require the abuse of power
require power to fulfiil their duties....,
l

spend taxpayerts money without the

approval of Congress.
The people who wrote the Constitution

wanted to make sure that

48) ln a democratic society, who has the power

to declare war on another country?

the
president, members of the Congress,
and judges had enough power to carry

A)
B)
C)
D)

out their duties. They were also

concerned about the abuse of power.
For that reason, the Constitution limits
the power of all the branches of the
government.

lN11-08.

The Congress of that nation

The President of that country
The people of the Constitution
People who are concerned about
the abuse of power
.

i,

18

Li

-'l

ii

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I

!
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Homework Readings
Democracy
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative that completes each sentence
according to it. ltterns from 45 to 48)
RIGHT TO VOTE

One of the most important rights

in a democracy is the right to,
vote. In Costa Rica, we have a
national election every four
years, and every citizen can
vote. This is the way people can
express their opinions about the
candidates and their proposals
to govern the country. Starting
in 1998, voters did not have to
stamp their thumb prints on the
ballots as they did in previous
years. Now, they vote by writing
an uX" in one of the spaces
provided on the ballot. Another
change approved
the
Electoral Tribunal, at that time, is
that it limits the time each citizen
has to vote. lnstead of four
minutes as in previous years,
now they have only two minutes.
Handicapped people also have
the right to vote, but they do it in
a different way. Although each
person votes by secret ballot, the
handicapped are allowed to vote
publicly. The blind, for exampte,
are allowed to tell an official for
whom they want to vote, and the
official person will write the "X"
following his/her instruction.
Very old people may follow the
same procedure. lnmates also
have the right to vote. The
Electoral Tribunal prepared

45)

A)
B)
C)
D)
46)

voters express their choice by

During the 1998

A)
B)
C)
D)

elections,

handicapped people used secret

ballots
the time to vote wqs redued by
a half
each voter had four minutes to
vote
the blind voted on a secret ballot

47) Most people vote in private, but both,

A)
B)
C)
D)
48)

rggular citizens and the elderly

the elderly and the candidates

inmates and regular citizens
the blind and handicapped

ln different
is a special voting room.

A)
B)
C)
D)

voting rooms in 17 prisons in

1998. This ensures that even
those who are in prison retain
their constitutional right to vote.

1N11.09

the blind vote in private

handica.pped voters have to print
the ballots
the Electoral Tribunal provides
ballots in "X" shape
writing an l'X" on the ballot

by'

ii'

Since 1998,

19

electoral'halls
ballot buildings
jails in the country
constitutional rooms

there

'

Read the text"

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r r s

POLTT.ICAL

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PARTIES

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theln
There are different political parties around the worldt
"l
political party
proposals jo solve th"i, o*n bountryrs problems' A

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l"* dlo"l"I I
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peoplewho.sharethesamepointsofviewabouthowthegovernmen,'n1,]l.lljllt r
political proposals, a journalist
and what it should do. [n order to understand such
their priorities are'
four political parties what they stand for and what
eacrr political p"ilY'] proposals as

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follows:

1r

of
l.Apartythatbelievesthat.theroleofthego.Vern.me|lL,tEvtlv|lvllI
life, liberty, and property from violence and fraud'
'
rt should be the Protection

2.

anl
j
A party that stands for individual liberty, personal responsibilitv,
1 lll1l::
best
is
what
about
decisions
encourages peOple to make their own
government,
for them and their families.

affordable health care' I

3. A party that stands for working families, better schools,
econgrny' :
womenrs rights, safer streets, a cleaner env-ilonment' 3nd.":-'tln
educate.its citizens' *hil"
believes that the role of a government should be to
I
,
protecting their rights and ensuring a stable and prqsperous
econoti: jTl:::; j
4. Finally, a party that stands for key values such as social and
Wornen's rlgnts'
non-violence, grassroots democracy, respect for. diversity,
:
personal and global responsibility, and protection of the environment'

1:

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:i'i
i1

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nation'

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As illustrated, each of the parties has some differeni points of view'onhowio

.govern,butallofthemcareaboutfreedom,justiceandpeacej
a
\

-Based

'

;*

t:r

:
-

(ltems from 45 to 48)

45) A political party is a group of people

th-at

A) have some differences about how to run the country

B) share similar ideas about how to goverR the country
C) share exactly the same 'proposals of other parties
D) stand for violence and fraud

rN41-10

i:,

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Jara .'

on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each

sentence.

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bYMckY
Written
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17

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116) The sscond partfs Bropoealstates thet

A) people have th right to make their own Aeclsioil

B) a go\Frnment should decfide about enerything
C) a govemment should hane unlimited power
D)

47',,

peopfe should have no

pqrerd

One of lhe prioritles of the third party is

A)'

B)
C)
D)

,.'.

education

1i

unafiodabb achoots
elpensitae health care
tfie protec-tion of people ftom fraud

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all

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The fourfl partycar$ abottt,::j-.-_-l

A) nghts of yvombn
B) limiled govemment

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al

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C) all citizens' personal problerns

D) the economic situation of Fls mernbers

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Read the text below.

JOB INTERVIEW TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS

Here you have some job interview tips that might help you
l*

to get ready for a successful interview.

Practice answering the typical job interview questions and

ask.

Think of actual
xamples you can use to describe your: skills. Providing evidence of your successes

answers that most employers

is very important. Prepare a response to the queition "What do you know about our

company?" Know the interviewer's name and use it during the job interview. lf you're
not sure of the name, call and ask prior to the interview. Try to relate what you know

about the company when answering questions. Get readv and make sure your
terview outfit is neat and appropriate for the type of company you dre interested in.
Bring a nice portfolio with copies of your r6sum6, and include a pen and paper for
note taking. Be on time fsr the interview; this means five to ten minutes early. lf it is
necessary, take some time to drive to the office ahead of time, so you know exactly

where you are going, and how long it will take to get there. Stav calm during the job
nterview, try to relax as much as possible. Maintain eye contact with the interviewer.

Listen to lhe entire question before y'ou answer and pay attention, you will be
embarrassed if you forget the question! Show What vou know about the company

and try to relate it when answering questions. When discussing your career
accomplishments, match them to what the company is looking for. Always fotlow up

with a thank-you note restating your interest in the position. lf you interview with
multiple people, send each one a thank-you note.
http ://job se a rch.

bo u t. co m/tib raryAuee kt y a a 1 2 1 00 0a. h tml

Based on the previous information, choose the appropriate option to bomplete each
sentence. (ltems 49 to 54)

49)

When having a job interview, it is important to

A) show nervousness
B) wear suitable garments
C) mention your lack of skills
D) ask the interviewer questions
ttrtzt-og

21

50)

Beforq a job interview, you should

A)
B)
C)
D)

decfine
discuss

practice.:
follow up

51) Once the interview

A)
B)
C)
D)
52)

stay

calrn

begins, you should relax and

:
l

be on time
take an interview practice
send each person a thank-you note

Make sure to be

A)
B)
C)
D)

for the interview.

on time
agitated
very busy
emUarrassed

53) Tryto shsw the interviewer

A)
B)
C)
D)

lN21-09

what you know dbout

the company
the competition
your own name
other companies

54) Sending

A)
B)
C)
D)

answering questions.

a thank-you note is an excellent way to

follow up your interview

be on time
stay calm
practice

zi

'Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

GERMAN: self employed

All my friends seem to earn more than I
do. I suppose it's easier if you're
employed in a regular 9 to 5 job. I work
on people's houses and manage
construction sites all day. I stay pretty fit

doing that. Then in

the evenings and on
the weekends I have
to make phone calls

bout jobs

and

paperwork. lt

MANUEL: housepainter
My friends say my work is less demanding
than theirs, but I think I work just as hard as
they do. I spend a lot of time alone because
my job can't begin until all the construction
[vork is completed. Usually,
the rooms look great when
I've finished my work.
Sometimes
customers
choose really ugly colors, but
I have to respect their
decision.

seems to end!

ROSAURA: artist
Working for yourself is
hard because you are
responsible for
everything. lf no one
calls and asks you to

work for them,

you

have to go out to look

for work. Luckily, I now
have some regular
\
paint
pictures for some
I
)clients.
expensive hotels.

ANTONIO: orchestra conductor

It would be impossible for
me to do rny job on my

own: The musicians I

work with are extremely
talented, and they rely on
me to make sure they

sound as good

someone

is

everyone else.

53)

moody because

it

affects

Rosaura has some regular

A)
B)
C)
' D)
54)

as

possible. We often work

evenings and weekends, and we travel a lot.
Working with a large number of other people
can be challenging and it really bothers me if

rooms
workers
expenses
customers

Both, Antonio and German have some work to do

A)
B)
C)
D)

on Saturdays and Sundays

at expensive hotels
choosing clients
at home

, too.

i
:

20

i
T

:
T

55)

Certainly,

A)
B)
C)
D)

56)

Manuel's

orchestra conductor:
self-employed
painter

artist

A feature three of the occupations share is that they

A)
B)
C)
D)

58)

Rosaura's
German's
Antonio's

A job thatimplies team performance is the

A)
B)
C)
D)

57)

job always requires other people's participation to be fulfilled.

end their work before the construction finishes

begin their work at 9 and finish at 5 p.m.
are responsible for their own jobs
work with talented musicians

The article mentions that once in a while,

choices.

disagrdes with the customer's

A) Rosaura
B) German
C) Antonio
D) Manuel
21

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Jobs and Lifestyles
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text. Choose the alternative that answers each question accordingly.

SITUATION:

F"iip"-illfas

ls ,e"Oing job advertisements; he is thinking which position is the best for him.

ENGINEER COMPUTER PLANNING

Work with,an exciting, new company. Use your experience to design new
uses for small and advanced computers. Excellent salary. Write to:
Mr. D.G,. Tall; Central Str:eet, Heredia; or call (506) 260-6547, cellular 8751-2103.
SERVICE MANAGER
Busy car dealer is looking for an e_xperiencgd car service manager for busy

SECRETARY
For doctor's office. Hours 9:00 to 5:30, Monday to Friday.
Must get along well with people. Experience necessary.
Call Miss Solis, (506) 532-6122.

49)

What do the three ads have in common? They

A)
B)
C)
D)

ask for experience

need customer agents

offer growth opportunities

require immediate availability
22

'..'

50). Who offers marveloui income?

i.i,-ii:'

, ::::;
does.

,!:i-i::,

a riii
3'-r,

A)
B)

Mre;flY*

C)
D)

Mr. Garcia -

;,1 ' ,:

:::

::

-:'

Miss Solis

Mr. D.G. Tall,

;a

..,..

r.-

i..ii:,",-..,:.il'.'

+.:,,..r.ri.i....:i,.
'"r

"

:l

-i

:::r!

: .'l:::: i Li'.'

'*i
51)

A)
B)
c)
D)

:l

(506) 245-8-00
(506) 260-6547-,
(506)

532-ffi-n

8751-21-03

r'
52)

'Where is the popt dealing with hightechnologlP ln

A)
B)
C)
D)

La Sabana
Cartago

Alajuela
Heredia

23

, .r

.:.

:i

to complete each sentence according

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative
to the text. lttems from 52 to 54)
CHILD LABOR INCREASING,
SAY EXPERTS

'

52)

BY Tim Rogers

"-$*#@

A)
B)
C)
D) '

ry

Children reprgsent the youngest and

most vulnerable sector of the Latin
American labor force, Yet theY work
long hours on the fringe of the law
and receive salaries that are just a
the minimum wage'
fraction

53)

Although the Problem has alwaYs

existed, civil rights leaders' have
expressed concern that the number
of children involved in both the
forrnal and informal economY is
last

54)

governments' efforts. They'expect

future governments to imPlement
public action plans to eradicate child
labor and protect adolescent workers
in each country- To make matters
worse, the four-year action plans are
scheduled to end when the terms of

lower than
as low as

The governments' plans to eradicate

and Protect working children have

B)
C)
D)

continue'to snowball unless the'new

administrations take serious steps to
support Child Labor LawThe Tico Times, November 23'o 2Oo1

21

been scheduled several times

been comPletely unsuccessful

worked adequatelY
been successful

Regard ing this problem, civii rights

leaders think that next governments
should

A)

governments end- ManY are

concerned that the situation will

lN41-10

salaries are
the minimum

higher than
as high as

A)
3)
C)
D)

of

growing desPite the

children's

permitted bY taw.

@F:
=Hqffi
*i-t;,>F

Working

not be concerned with

teenager's work
give more work to the
youngsters
carry out social effective Plans
pay the kids a minimum wage

Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative to complete

each sentence.

57)

Homelessness is a
problem.

A)
B)
C)
D)

social
potiticat

economical
segregation

HOMELESS PEOPLE
58)

Homelessness is, without doubt, the most

serious and dramatic expression

of the

Homeless people have

characteristics.

A)
B)
C)
D)

phenomenon

of social exclusion (Gdritas,

1996). The term "hometess persons"
refers to a group with varied and

similar
different
the same
multidimensional

hetelogeneous characteristics, profiles and

necessities, but with a series of common

dimensions: severe poverty, social

breakdown of sobial and family

59)

'isolation,

bonds, personal deterioration and lack of a

place

(a

house)

A)
B)
C)
D)

to cover needs of

accommodation and social support. The

characteristic

is a highly urban one,

of large cities in which

of

poverty and isolation are

phenomenon
problems

exacerbated,

and lead to

exclusion

60)

processes (which form the basis of the

problem) being expressed in the most

By Rodrig uez Diaz

24

live on the streets

have family bonds
have a house to live
don't need accommodation

Homeless people are

the society.

A)
B)
C)
D)

extreme and inhuman ways in situations of

homelessness.

lN11-0712

Homelessness refers to people who

helped by
included in
adopted by
excluded from

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Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (57, 58, 59,60 and 61).

INTERNET

Locating specific information used

to be a

tedious and time-consuming process. Do you

remember digging through library card catalogs

and then wandering through dusty stacks of

books, only to discover that what you needed
was already checked out?

Now finding references to topics can be as simple as typing in a keyword and

clicking a button, from the privacy of your own home. lnternet includes entire
libraries of specialized information and thousands of these are accessible and free

of charge to the general public. lnternet also supports a variety of

research

techniques and styles. Suppose you're trying to come up with a topic for a speech

you have to deliver. At first, you might want to browse a variety of materials to
refine your subject area. This process is much like going to an area in a library

and starting to pull books off the shelf, except that on lnternet you can leap from
library to library, following associative links or trains of thought. Once you've
determined the exact subject of your speech, you may need to track down some

very specific information, such as statistics to back up a particular point. This is

the age of information, and success in many fields depends on getting the latest
news as quickly as possible. lnternet provides numerous sources for specialized
and updated information. You may want to subscribe to an electronic mailing list.

For instance, you may want to participate in a news group where specialists in
some unusual area'of knowledge keep you current on what you need to know.
Because of its scope and speed, lnternet is by far the most efficient way to make

sure you maintain expert status in your little corner of the information universe.
There are lnternet services that will help you with powerful search tools that will
look around the Net and quickly find your needle in the information haystack.

tN11-08

23

57)

Based on the text, how is doing research on lnternet different from using a library?
The task of lnternet researching
than using a library.

A)
B)
C)
D)
5S)

use different techniques

ask for library card catalogs
go through dusty bookshelves
spend all of their time and money

What is the best advantage to research on lnternet?

A)
B)
C)
D)
61)

bored with
updated on
tied-up with
spending short time on

According to the text, what should people do to research on lnternet?

They should

A)
B)
C)
D)
60)

uses more dusty cards

is more time-consuming

How will a newsgroup keep people in relation to their field of interest?

It will keep them
their field of interest.

A)
B)
C)
D)
59)

is easier
is more tedious

lt gives you supervision.

Someone else does it for you.
There are rules that protect you.
Current information can be reached quickly.

What is the main characteristic of the lnternet service?

The information is

A)
B)
C)
D)
tN11-08

limited
relevant

abundant
given by reporters

24

Read the text below.

AIBO

\
\
;d -\

AIBO lArtificial lntelligence roBOt), triinslated from'Japanese

as "partner", is one of several types of robotic pets designed
and manufactured by Sony. There have been several
different models, for users of all ages, since their
introduction in 1999. AIBO is able to walk, "seei' its

environment via camera, and recognize spoken

commands. lt is considered to be an autonpmous robot,
since it is able to learn and mature based on external stimuli from its
owner or environment, or from other AlBOs. Artist Hajime Sorayama created the

initial designs for the AIBO.

On Janua ry 26,2006 Sony announced that it would discontinue AIBO and several
other products as of March, 2006. However, AIBO will still be supported until 2013,
anO iis technology will continue to be developed and used in other consumer
products. The Life AlBOware allows the robot to be raised from puf to fully g::1:
adult'while going through various stages of development as its owner interacts with it.
The Explorer AlBoware allows the owner to interact with a fully mature robot able to
understand (though not necessarily willing to obey) 100 voice commands. Many
AIBO owners enjoy teaching their pets new behaviors by reprogramming them.

The AIBO has' been used as an inexpensive platform for artificial intelligence
rdsearch because it integrates computer, vision system, and.articulators in a package
vastly cheaper than conventional research robots. The RoboCup autonomous
soccer competition has a "Sony Four-Legged Robot League" in which numerous
institutions from around the world participate. Competitors program a team of AIBO
robots to play autonomous robot soccer games against other competing teams.
Adapted from vvv,rw.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al BA

Based on the previous information, choose the correct option

sentence. (ltems 55 to 60)

to complete each

55) AIBO is a(n)

A)
B)
C)
D)
lN21-O9

robot just for adults

toy just for children
t

item for children and adults

pet that doesn't play with children

$,

?3

56)

This robotic dog

A)
B)
C)
D)
57)

" in English.

The Japanese word "AIBO" means "

A)
B)
C)
D)
58)

will be supported beyond 2013

can understand 100 languages
was rRanufactured just for seven years
is programmed to interact only with its owner

pet
robot
partner

artificial intelligence

How long will AIBO be serviced? Until

A)
B)
c)
D)

1999,

2006
2008
2013

:,

59)

What is particular about these robotic pets? They

A)
B)
C)
D)
60)

always follow a written program

do not accept software modifications

are more cbmplex than the usual test robots
are used in studies on advanced artificial intelligence

What other entertainment.use was found for AIBO? As a(n)

A)
B)
C)
D)
tN21-09

computer
arts design
soccer player
night vision system

24

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Homework Readings
Science and Technology
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Read the text. Choose the alternative that completes each sentence accordingly-

f;

57) lt was difficult

A)
B)
C)
D)

for astronomers to discover the exterior ring of Ljranus because of

the ice layer that covers it

the color of Enceladus

the size of this planet

its unexpected color
26

58)

Uranus'outer ring

A)
B)
C)
D)

59)

is gimilar to Saturn
is called "Keck"

has a moon
is

red

Both, Satum and Uranus have

A) an exterior ring with a moon

B) rings with thick ice laYers
C) two interior blue r'ngs
D) exterior red rings

60)

The exterior and interior rings of Uranus

A) were discovered by a Hawaiian university

B) were discovered in two different moments
C) are practically the same color
D) have similar names

61)

The text
A)
B)

c)
D)

saYs

that both,

look very similar.

/r,

;''

-ead the text and choose the option that best answers each question.

"Ozone Hole May Disappearby 2050

According to a team of Japanese scientists,

MAX.

the ozone hole over the Antarctic is likely to

begin contracting in the future, and may

disappear by 2050, becdtrse of a reduction in

the release of chlorofluor.ocarbons and other

ozone depleting gases. The findings are

based on a series of numerical simulations carried out 'Qy Eiji Akiyoshi of the National

lnstitute

for Environmental

Studies, near Tokyo, using projected emissions of

chlorofluorocarbons and other gases blamed for the ozone hole. According to a report
posted on Friday on the lnstitute's Web Site, the hole is at its,largest now but is likely to

gradually start contracting around 2O2O and disappear by around 2050. The tearl's
findings are in line with research by other scientists. However, some of them have
suggested the hole won't heat until much later because old refrigerators and airconditioning sysfems. Many peopte in the United States and Canada are still releasing
ozone-killing chemicals, although both countries have stopped those chemicals in newer

products. Satellites and ground stations have been monitoring the ozone hole over the.
South Pole, since its discovery in the 1980s. Chlorofluorocarbon levels in the earth's
atmosphere have been declining, since the middle of 1990s due to international efforts to
reduce emissions.

lN11-07'12,

25

61) What is going to happen to the ozone hole over the Antarctic
after 2O2O?
the text, it is going to

A)
B)
C)
D)
62)

ln what year should the ozone hole disappear?

A)
B)
C)
D)
63)

get bigger
change its color
decrease its size
remain the same size

ln two thousand seven

Near two thousand fifty
Around two thousand eight
Before two thousand twenty

What chemicals cause the hole to form in the ozone?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Chlorofluorocarbons
Water in refrigerators
Gases from bad foods
Water in air-conditioners

64) Why has the hole reduced

A)
B)
C)
D)
65)

"1

f,t

li

tjgl

&:!

size?

Because

satellites closed the hole

gas levels have increased
people quit smoking cigarettes
some international efforts have reduced emissions

How can people stop the destruction of the ozone layer?

A)
B)
C)
D)
j

its

lN11-0712

Avoiding natural products

Turning off the new refrigerators
Turning on the old air condition systems
Avoiding products that contain chemical items
26

:'

Read the text and choose tl;re correct option to answer each question according to it
(ltems from 55 to 57)

55)' What was.the first hit in the

MICROCHIPS

world

of electronics?

A) The invention of siticon

B) The creation of microchips
Cj The develophent of minitransistors
.

ln 1960, the world of eleclronics saw

the first success in developing
miniature transistors on the surface of
a thin slice of silicon. As , years
passed, such mini{ransistors became
'microchips.

Among the diffeient types

importance

of

ROM

They

A)
B)
C)
D)

of

which works with the data. Of the two

basic memory chips, read-only
memory (ROM) usually holds
information that makes a device, such
as computers or video games, work
properly. The other, random-access
memory (RAM), can be erased or
added , to, and when the power is
turned off it disappears.. RAM chips
are used in computers and
program.mable calculators, so they can
store a lot of data for brief periods.

store information
turn off the power
erase video games
have random access

57) What was the original objective of

creating microchipi?

To use them in

A)
B)
C)
D)

satellites
computers
all moder.n televisions
programmable calculators
I

Now microchips are hidden away in

electrical

equipment, from televisions and cars

to the satellites for whiclr the chips
were first developed.

tN41-10

and silicon

memory chips?

are MEMORY, which

stores data, and PROCESSING,

modern

To make transistors of water

56) What is the

microchips

almost all

D)
.

22

Smartphones
First sold in 1993, smartphones today are incredibly common in the developed
and developing world. A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced
computing and better connection than a normal, or traditional mobile phone. This can
include a camera, Internet browser, music player, video player, video games, and office
software like word processing and email organization. Most smartphones use an
operating system just like a computer. Currently, about 20% of all mobile phones sold in
the United States are smartphones.
The first smartphone was the IBM Simon, and was sold by the American
telecommunications company BellSouth. By 2001, a smartphone made by Palm was the
first smartphone to be widely used in the United States. The next year, the first
Blackberry was released, which is a smartphone made especially for wireless email.
Blackberry was one of the most popular smartphones for many years, especially with
business people. In 2007 Nokia released the N95, which was very popular because it
featured many things that consumers wanted all in one phone: camera, GPS, and the
ability to connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi or the 3G network. That same year, Apple
introduced the first iPhone, which was more expensive than similar phones, but was also
very popular because its Internet browser was said to be better than that of other
smartphones. Due to competition, the past few years have seen much advancement in the
operating systems of smartphones. These advancements have now made it possible to
browse the Web, listen to the radio, take videos, create documents, play video games, and
even watch TV, right from a mobile phone.
1. Smartphones arent common in rich countries.

True

False

2. Nokia made the first smartphone.

True

False

3. The Blackberry smartphone was popular with business people.

True

False

4. The first smartphone was called the _________ _____________

5. The iPhone was popular because of its ____________ ___________
6. Which company made the first smartphone widely used in the United States:
a. Nokia
b. IBM
c. Apple
d. Palm
7. The Nokia N95 was popular because of its:
a. better Internet browser
b. new video games
c. combined features
d. wireless email

Google
So popular is the World Wide Web search engine Google that the word google
is now in the dictionary as a verb meaning to use an Internet search engine. The Google
search engine is the main product of Google Inc. an American corporation formed in
1998. The company was formed by two PhD students at Stanford University. The two
students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page were studying computer science and became
friends over their interest of developing search engines and organizing information on
computers. They began to put together computer systems in their rooms; when they no
longer had enough room, they moved their systems into a rented garage.
As their search engine project grew, the two men stopped their PhD studies and
worked full time on the project. The website began in 1997 as a basic search engine.
Because its search engine often brought better results than other websites, Google grew
very rapidly during the early 2000s. It is now one of the most famous websites in the
world, and google.com, the American version of the website, is the most visited website
in the world. Google is by far the most popular search engine on the Internet. Google also
owns many other websites, like Gmail, YouTube, Blogger, and Orkut. It also has
developed software programs for computers and mobile phones. Google earns most of its
money through Internet advertisements. Google is considered by some business experts
to be the most valuable brand in the world.
1. The word google is now considered a verb.

True

False

2. Brin and Page completed their PhDs.

True

False

3. The Google brand is considered to be very valuable.

True

False

4. Google Inc. owns which of the following websites:

a. Facebook
b. Hotmail
c. Blogger
d. Mapquest
5. Googles growth was:
a. slow
b. steady
c. fast
d. normal
6. How does Google earn most of its money? _____________________
7. When was the Google website launched? ______________

Robots develop language to 'talk' to each other

The research project lets robots generate random sounds for the places they visit in both
simulations and a real office. The "words" are shared and the robots play games to establish
which sound represents which location. The set of words has proved so advanced that it can be
used to help robots find places other robots direct them to. The machines are being allowed to
generate their own words because human language is so loaded with information that robots
found it hard to understand, said project leader Dr. Ruth Schulz from the University of
Queensland. "Robot-robot languages take the human out of the loop," she said. "This is important
because the robots demonstrate that they understand the meaning of the words that they invent
independent of humans."
One set of the trials with the robots sees wheeled robots fitted with a camera, laser-range
finder, and sonar used to map their world - roaming around at an office at the University. The
robots also have a microphone and speakers onboard so they can communicate with each other.
The wheeled robots travel about and, when they reach a place that does not have a name, they
generate a random combination of syllables that represent that place. When that robot meets
another robot it tells it about the places it has been. Slowly, as the robots travel and talk, they
narrow down their list of place names until a mutual term is selected, and an oral map of their
world has been generated.
The robots generated place names such as "kuzo", "jaro" and "fexo". Each piece of
territory was typically a couple of meters in diameter, said Dr. Shulz. This enabled the names to
be used as rough distance measures and allowed the robots to play other games that communicate
distance, travel time and direction. Some games involve swapping sounds but others, such as the
"go-to-game" involve the robots trying to meet up at a distant location. The power of the
language being created by the robots was starting to become apparent, said Dr Schulz. "They
enable the robots to refer to places they haven't been or even places that they imagine beyond the
edges of their explored world," she said.
(adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13510988)

1. What do the robots use to talk to each other? ________________________________

2. Why is the human language hard to understand for robots? ______________________
3. What is the name of the research projects leader? ___________________________
4. Where is this research project being conducted? _____________________________
5. What is one of the two special things that the language has allowed the robots to do?
_______________________________________________
6. The robots have developed the following names for locations, except:
a. pero
b. kuzo
c. fexo
d. jaro

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sELEccr6N uturcn

?rar*i

cs*ss+4{

Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

Alvaro Solano and Lisbeth Vindas are two Costa Rican surfers. Both took first place

in their respective competitive categories in the opening weekend of the Circuito

Anual Nacional de Surf 2OO4-5 in Playa Esterillos on the Central Pacific Coast. The
"Grahd Prix Mango Esterillos" kicked off the fifth year of the competition with more
than 120 participants. The weather conditions were perfect - sunny, no rain or clouds,
and the waves were great' even at dead low tide. Lisbeth Vindas said," Esterillos is

my favorite wave", which perhaps explains her confident and outstanding

performance during the circuit opening weekend. She ended first in the women's
category.

l
{

*,.

!i

1)

The texi talks about

A) 204 surfers
B) favorite waves
C) a surf competition
D) weather conditions
2)

, Alvaro and LlsbethoFrlretd,h[

'

;+'.:

..,

..

A) different sports' ' ,. . :'

B) different catry$es
C) the sarne egolies " .' ,, , ',:
D) the women's catBgory
.

3)

This was the

A)
B)
c)

D)

4l

,":j

3"1

sth
15th

3on'

According to the reading,

weaiher is perfect for this sport.

A) dry
B) wet
C) rainy
D)

5)

cloudy

This surf competition takes place in

A)
B)
C)
D)

Esterillos-.

yearly
weekly
monthly
twice a year
3

Read the text and choose the conect alternative to complete each statement.

12\

According to the article, Costa Rica's meals are

A)
B)
C)
D)

spicy and greasy

baked and tasty

greasy and light'
spicy and bland
6

13)

is the product people use the most to prepare dlfferent

ln Costa Rica,
dishes.

A)
B)
C)
D)

rice

tomato
plantain
cabbage

14)

The article says that in one "Casado"you find

'i

'

A)
B)
C)
D)

15)

no meat at

all

salad and meat

different types of rice
nothing but beans and salad

Read the information below-

1. Their prices vary a lot'

2. They share similar ingredients.
3. Both of them always contain tuna fish.
4. They are served at the same meaftime.
Only sentences number
"Plato del DIa" have in common.

A)
B)
C)
D)

talk about charecteristics that both, "Casado"'and

1and2
2and3
3and4
4 antd 2,

"t
Read tfre r6cipe and choose the altematives that complete the sentences conectly:

INGREDIENTS:
2 tablesPoons margarine orbutter
1 garlic clove, crushed with garlic press
% stp ftesh bread crumbs
'A qtbbosely packed fresh parsley or basil leaves, chopped
Yt cup grated Parmesan cheese
% teaspoon salt
% teaspoon ground black PePPer
2 ripe iarg" iomatoes cored and cut crosswise in half

pan or
Arrange oven rack in upper third of oven. Preheat oven to 200 "C. Une broiling
cpokie sheet with foilln 1g-inch skillet, melt margarine over medium heat. Add garlic and-cook 1 minute or until
rrgi"nt, iti.ring.' Remove it<ittet from heat, stir in bread crumbs, parsley and Parmesan-

r Roast.

18)

To prepare this recipe you need both a

A)
B)

c)
D)

pan and a blender

skillet and an oven
broiling pan and a mlxer
l Ginch oven rack and a mixer

1ei Before preheating the oven, you have to

A)
B)
C)
D)

remove the skillet from heat

melt margarine in a skillet
arrange the oven rack
stir bread crumbs

20) According to the text, during the preparation, you need

certain ingredients.

A)
B)
C)
D)

oven racks

grater
a press
a knife
a

From the affirmations above, only

number_

A)1
B)2

c)3
D)4

is correct.

to

chop

*,1"

Read the text. Choose the altemative to answer the questions.

The Museum of Costa Rican Art celebrated its 25th

anniversary in the historic building on the east side
of Sabana Park. The neocolonial building originally
housed Costa Rica's first international airport until
the early 197Cs. The governmeht preserved the old
terminal, and in 1977 the art museum moved in.
The many rooms that branch off the main galiery
sene to highlight different artists, forming
constantly changing exhibits. Curently the
museum is exhibiting "Landmarks in Costa Rican
Art', which is a great opportunity to view Costa
Rica through the eyes and palettes of worldfamous artists. Francisco Z0friga's forceful
sculpture sits near Max Jimenez's and Francisco
Amighetti's prints.

10) Where was the 25th

anniversary

11)

before? A(n)

celebrated? ln

A)
B)
. C)
D)

A)
B)
C)
D)

rooms and galleries of a museum

Francisco Zriftiga's gallery
an international airport
a neocolonial park

He's

B)

c)
D)

government house
artists'residence
gallery
airport

13)
' Whafs the museum

121 Who is Francisco Z$fiiga?

.A)

What was the Museum of Art

exhibiting

now?

an important
the museum
the museum
an important

A) Max's prints
B) Z0friga's paintings
C) Jim6nez'scqlptures
D) Amighetti's sculptures

sculpture
illustrator
manager
sculptor

Read'thetext.Choosethebestalternativetocompleteeachsentenl.

19)

Parents should

A) establish flexible schedules

B) forbid the use of PlaYthings
C) make telePhone calls
D) do schooljobs

20)

The article recommends parents to

A) avoid b-alanceO me]1

B) vary the waY of cooking
C) serve fruits occasionally
D) reinforce the consumption of chips I

during mealtime.

Read the text below and choose the best

alternative to answer each question.

Cr,anksgrvrn7t
Probably the most American of all
holidays celebrated in the united
states is Thanksgiving.
It is not a religious holiday, not a patriotic
one, but simpry 0",
doing something we
"
forget to do, to say "thank you" for the
most
:oT:t'r"s
It all began in the 16th century, when a group
of protest"nt,
in North
".1"a
America'from Europe, looking for a place
where they could nno ,"ligi"", ,*"0"r.
t-n:u had a very rough winter and thanks to the
help of the native lndian tribes half
of them could survive the weather- ln spring
they planted crops and learneil"o""*
the new continent from the rndians as they
introduced th" pibr;,

*
*"r0"* ;;;,j,,r;;;t""'
;;a
"',n*,

;;
and turkev- burins the rarl, the pirgrims
,"r:::dt"""ff
Ed:"':prepared
:-*ol':for winter. They

;",;;;.

family holiday and people eat roast

turkey,

cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

21)

How do peopte define Thanksgiving

nowadays? As a(n)

A)
B)
C)
D)

religious
patriotic
tndian
famity

22) What is the aim of this celebration?

A)
e)
C)
D)

lTl

were so gratefur for the herp they

nao receirlo
from rhe rndians that they decided to prepare
onnl, *,,n
the new foods and hord a cerebration.
They invited the rndians to the
celebration to say "thanks". Today,
Thanksgiving has turned into

To

show gratitude

help lndian tribes

.find religious freedom
forget to say ,,thank

you,,

10

holiday

2g)

What did Pilgrims learn from native lndians?

They leamed

A) about foods like corn and pumpkin

B) about the 16h century Protestanls
C) how to anive in North America
D) how to survivg in EuroPe

24)WhydidmanyPilgrimsdieduringthefirstwinter?
Because theY

B) ate PumPkin and turkeY

C) were native lndian tribes
D) faced tenible weather conditions

25) what did Pilgrims

do to thank th.e lndians for their help?

They

A)
B)
C)
D)

prepared delicious dishes and a party

created a patriotic simple holiday
harvested during wirlter

went back to EuroPe

26;) What did the Pilgrims do after their first winter?

They

A)
B)
C)
D)

forgot to saY thanks

grew foods for the next winter
turned the celebration into 1 religious holiday
gave the Protestants pumpkin pie and roast turkey

11

ffie

Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez Saficiente

SELECTION

70 ITEMS

Read the textGosta Rican Athletes in a

Regional Championship
The 22nd Central American and
Garibbehn Track and Field
Ghampionship was held in Cuba
from Friday July 3rd to Sunday
July Sth, 2009. Costa Rica was
represented by a total of fifteen
athletes in which Nery Brenes
took part. The Costa Rican
athletes traveled with the
renowned trainer Walter Salazar
to Habana, Cuba. Thirty-five
athletes from Central American
and Caribbean countries
competed at this event making it a
top level competition. From
Costa Rica, the.most ouistahding
athlete,was sprinter (a perso-n
who takes part in short distance
races) Nery Brenes who has
gradually and steadily made a
name for himself within track and
field. Brenes received instant
fame in Costa Rica when'he was
able to easily classify for the
Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.

Adapted from the lnternet

Ghoose the appropriate alternative to

complete each sentence based on the
previouslext.

1)

Nery Brenes is

an outstanding Costa Rican

athlete

an important organizer of the

event

4
DJ

2't

Cuba was in charge bf

hosting the event
training the athletes

&
v)

c)

D
3)

an outstanding Cuban sprinter

a renowned international trainer

organizing the next Olympics

organizing the 23rd edition of
the championship

Participants came from

A)

Central America and Caribbean

countries

B)

Beijing, Costa Rica and Cuba

Cuba an{ Costa,Rica only

e)

all over Latin America

{}t}tT=il:
"Nature rb a blessing. Let

s protect it!.

aa

rnets

Inglds

L / Bachillerato

por Madurez Safi'ciente

Read the text

THEATER

passionate theater lovers, Costa Rica..supports a

successful acting community, ln fact, Costa Rica supposedly has more
theater companids per.capitl than any other country in-.the-world' The
early dramatic productions were inspired by.tl: Argentinean
turp of. the
""uniw'"
anO Ctrilean piaywiights ind actors who settled here. at the
century, when Otaml was estatilished as part of the standard school
curriculum.
from comedy
ih; ;tr*ts of Sari Jos6 are full of tiny theaters, everything
puppet theater' crowds
;';r;;;, itr""i"i-in-the-round, mime, and -eugn
Sunday. Pgrfolma-nces are
get togeih"r eu"ry night Tuesday through
":9ry
Ferfgry. in. English. The
ii"Ol-tii"antty in'Spa-nish, although-is the Costa.Rica's
ojdest theatrical
English-sp"afting Littie Theater Group
Eugene O'Neill
lt p"rtonns mainl! at the C9ntr.9 .Cultural'1
prices
are so cheap
The
"otp"ny.
i good place to enioy and learn English'
Theater
cost as a
n"ip"opl6 couiO go to enloy a play once a week for the same
F.ic? T-odav offer
;ft[-d"adway pioduction. Tne tico Timeg apd Gosta
coriplete listings of current proOuEiions-nd whether a play is in Spanish
/
or English.

As a nation of

Adapted from http://cehtralamerica.com

Based on the previous text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete

each sentence

8)

According to the text, Costa Ricans

ft) never go to the theater

$) avoid going to the theater
il Prefer comedies in English
much
D) enjoY the theater very
9)

Dramatists from Argentina

founded Eugene O'Neil Theater

performed at the Centro Cultural
performed in the streets of San Josti
inspired Costa Rican theater producers

.==-.=

i
"Nature is a blessmg.

Lett

protect it!"

=;...'--.

..**s. .;+r\
L*==
+

i{=sL**\s

a.,t-,

*cF

Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez SuJicientc

10)

Costa Ricans can enjoy

s.l

E
D)

11)

in the streets of San Jos6.

large theater groups

a Broadway production
mime and puppet theater
the theater in three languages

To enjoy a performance of the Little Theater Group, peciple

fr}

need to pay a lot of money

don't have to pay anything

6) don't need to pay too much

o) have to get expensive tickets

12)

'

People can get information about all the theater performances

in Costa Rica.
i,

$
$
A
b)

,:

at standard schools
in some newspapers '
at the Centro Cultural
in all the streets in San Jos6

****
uNature rb a blessing. Let's protect

it!'

ffiep

Ingtds

L / Bachillerato

por Madurez Suficientc

Read the texts. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each

sentence
The shiny weather turns white skin into a "marvelousn' tone of bronzed
skin.
The svno4,vm of the word "inarvelous" is'1

13)

ft)

6;
..'\
l/l
"d)

bad
awful.
terrible
wonderful

It was foggy. People couldn't see anything while they were driving
in the "large" citY.

14)

The synonym of the word "large" is "

A}

fr

b)

15)

big

tiny
long

small

The underlined woqds are

A)

antonyms

d;:TJJ:;'..
o{

hornoihones

vtr

t*R*
'! Nature is a blessing.'

Le!'s protect

it!

"

ffiep

'

Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Sujicientq

'/
Read the information. Ghoose the appropriate atternatiVe to complete each'
sentence

I have a lot of friends, but

16)

just a few of them are my real friends.

A linking word in the previous sentence

iS "

but
rd) them
a few
a lot of

fr)

rt

t)

Are your friends coming tonighlpg are they coming tomorrow night?

17) The underlined

ri

i'

word functions a$l'

i'l
i

{ft)

iilr

it,

6)

ii
jl

C)

ii

D)

ir

ll
i

18)

a linking word
a homoPhone'
an antonym
a svnonym

The root of the word "cleanliness" is

.

fr)

clanline

e)

Cleanlin
clean

c\

u1

NESS.

ii'

#*g*

Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

is

15) Banana leaves are used

to

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY
EATING OUTSIDE?

A)
B)
C)
D)

"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You

the most varied typical food in its four
locatipns around San Jos6. Main

courses

are served on

wooden

platters covered with banana leaves.

Troops of waiters serve portions of
food of all shapes and sizes to large
family gatherings, most consisting of
three generations. High chairs are
provided for the tots, and a sPecial
kiddies' menu is available and served
with a variety of trimmings. However,
there is no seafood on the menu. All
main courses come with rice, refried
beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,
picadillo (diced potatoes or
vegetables, or a mixture of both). The
restaurant is not licensed to serve
alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but

offers a selection of non-alcoholic

beverages such as: horchata, fresh

A)
B)
C)
D)

vegetarian restaurant
sea food restaurant
typical restaurant
fruit market

serve alcohol
cover plafters
serye seafood
provide the tots

16) The menu

of this

restaurant

fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

A)
B)
C)
D)

includes seafood
includes vegetables
doesn't include drinks
doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant,

allowed to sell

A)
B)
C)
D)

alcohol
picadillos
agua dulce
refried beans

it is not

that compretes each sentence correctly'

Read the recipe and choose the arternative

16). You add the onion after You

A)
B)
C)
D)
17)

mix lime iuice with other ingredients''

greens
serve the mixture on top of

toss all the ingredients

serve the main dishes

you need
While you are preparing this recipe'

A)
B)
C)
D)
1B)

no spoons
four

dishes

two different bowls I

two bowls of the same

.'

i
sizerxt:;

for this recipe are

Two different vegetables required

A)
B)
C)
D)

broccoli and shelled shrimP

watercress and celery

carrots and cabbage

cucumber and onion

Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19
and

20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese and

western eating habit

is that unlike

the

West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed
on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be
prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of
,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese

host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of
politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.
lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave
the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay
them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to
them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.
So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is
equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19)

Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture

g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table
C)

1)
20)

have problems showing the use of their utensils

like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A")
B)

s)
lN?1-nR

ask guests to sit down

serve guests their beverages
keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests
put food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick

Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 1)t,zs and 26).

24)

VALENTINE'S DAY
ON FEBRUARY 14TH
Valentine's Day is the'sweethearts
day when people in love express their

affection'for each other in happy and

merry ways. This celebration is a well
known and celebrated day in most

Who celebrates the Valentine's

Day in the current days?

ftl Ong happy lovers

6) All engaged couples
e) Many people of any age
'\ Just old friends and

0l

""ou"intances

countries around the world.

It is a ddy for fantasy and .fuq, and for
confession of tender emotions of love and
friendship. The affectionate rnessages

25) Accord ing to the writer, why do

people celebrate the Valentine's

might be carried by b heart-shaped box

mostly than a rectangular box that may be
full of fancy chocolate candies, or by a
bouquet of tulips tied with red ribbons,- lt
might be delicately written on a flower

Day?
People celebrate the Valentine's
Day to

covered card

or stated in a

modern

manner. Then again, under a red

wrapping, a young wife or sweetheart
might find a book of poems, or a tiny
porcelain vase. But in whatever form, the
message is the same: r'Will you be my

Valentine?" Valentines used

to

be

reserved for young lovers, but nowadays

grandparents, parents, cousins, and

friends of any age take the occasion to
express their affection through a small gift
or card than can be found at many stores,
bookshops and newsstands.

tN21-08

1r|

A}

s)

t,

write poems about gifts

visit their older relatives
buy presents for themselves
show their friendship and love

26) According to the reading, where

do people celebrate the Valentine's
Day?

ftl
b)
fr)

ln all public institutions

At any people's offices
Just in Costa Rican towns
ln most cities and towns of the
world

Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (27,28,29 and

30).

BIODIVER,SITY IN COSTA RICA

Biodiversity is a resource with enormous

potential, both for intellectual and economlc
purposes and as an instrument for a country's

development. The tropical zones

of

the

American continent, where Costa Rica is located,-

contain

greater divdrsity

of

species and

ecosystems, as well as a broader range of interactions, compared with other tropical

regions of the world. Withra.tand alea of only 51.100 km2 10.OSYo of the planet's
surface) and 589.000 km2 of territorial waters, Costa Rica is one of the 20 countries
with greatest biodiversity in the world. The institution in charge of the task of

is the Ministry of the Environment and

Energy (MINAE), and more specifically to the ,National System of Conservation

administering Costa Rica's biodiversity

Areas (SINAC), which is responsible for the conservation and strstainable use of the
country's biodiversity. A little over 25Vo of the country's territory is under"some
category of protection, anci this percentage is increasing thanks to the support of the
private sector, which has created many private reserves dedicated mainly to

Fcotorrrislrl-iRd research. Thiq is a conservation effort that few countries in the

world have undertaken and in which Costa Rica has invested substantia! resources
for the well-being of present and furture

27\

generations.

Who is responsible for monitoring Costa Rica's biodiversity?

The Ministry of Education
The National Park Rangers and Guards
Some people who live in biodiversity areas
The National System of Conservation Areas

of the country is under biodiversity protection?

The quantity of territory,under protection is

28) What percentage

percent.

just four
twenty fiv.e
more than fif.ty
less than twelve

29)

Who sponsors the funds for ecotourism and research?

private sector
Ministry of Education
public municipal offices
National System of Conservation Areas

30)

Why have most Costa Ricans invested in environmental conservation?

Because they want to
become very rich people
use a lot of animal species
preserve the land for future generations
have the weakest biodiversity protection

rN21-08

12

Read the text and choose the appropriate option to complete each
statement according to
(ltems from 37 to 39)

it.

37) Touiism produces

in Canada.

A)
B)
C)
D)

snowfall
rnajor benefits
economical loss
natural resources

9"
38)"

ln

Cana'db, ' tourists 'are

attrqcted by

A)
B)
C)
D)
39)

gener.ally

low prices
nice beaches
souvenir shops
local celebrations

Canadians
to supp-ort tourism.

A) make use of their fishing areas

B) 'take advantage of their rurron,
C) offer low prices in skiing centers
D) recommend visits to close islands

The Calgary Exhibition Sfampede

Can adia

lN11-09

16

r's

n Weste rn-t i ke festiv at

Rebd the text below.

GHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)"

There are many symptoms that might show that

someone is srrffering from a Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
(CFS), Some of these symptoms are feeling tired for a
long time, doing less than half of what used to be done,
sore throat and unexplained sore muscles, short-term
memory or loss of concentration, among others.

':
No one is certain about what causes CFS'
Researchers are still looking for the main origin of thls

health

problem, but'they have concluded that the symptoms may be caused by an

immune system that is not working well, or by some kind of virus.
The first step to be sure that someone suffers from CFS is to find out if there is a
medical cause. Doctors will probably want to review symptoms and medical
history, and ask for a physical exam. The person who suffers from CFS should try
to:

>

Keep up some level of activity and exercise, both can help body and mind.

This syndrome is something people can overcome with some medical attention,
but basically, by keeping an eye on any unusual emotional or physical change.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 40 to aa)

40)

One symptom of Cfrronic Fatigue Syndrome is

A)
B)
C)
D)

1N41.10

chronic insomnia
frequent tiredness
an acute headache
good concentration

15

;i

1.1

'

r:.J

is a possible cauSe

':'..,

to diagnose a patient with the CFS"

'

i^'; il

i i.

I.

Sriyndrome reguires
personal support

A)l

B)'

iihe system

c)
D)

44) People w.ho,,suffer

from CFS should have

syndrome.
r

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN41-10

.:

physical activity
shorl-terrn memory
loss of concentration
anger and irustratlon

1.6

to treat this

Fead

the text below. choose the:appropriate arternative to complete each se

ntence.

(.rom 40 to 43)

40) The text explains

how

(ltems

most

Costa Ricans are proud of their

A)
B)
C)

D)

democratic lifestyle
judicial system
habeas corpus
army

41) Democratic principl:l* guarantee

that all towns have

Democracy means that even the smallest

A)
B)
C)
D)

town in the country has the right to have

electricity, potable water, and public or
private telephones.,

National pride staried with the historical

crigins of democracy. Juan

F-ern6ndez (182Q instituted

coffee planters
basic public services
more police officers than
teachers

Mora

a fair.judicial

:system, the iirst .newspaper, free public

education, and free land grants for coffee

42) Juan Mora Ferndndez established

for all Ticos.

A)
B)
C)
D)

lclanters.

-The

airports

1949. Constitution guarantees citizens

as well as.foreigners basic rights: the right

f o own, the right to petition and assembly.

private banks
potable water

freedom of speech
open access to education

{he right to habeas corpus,

and freedom of

Adapted from "Democracv', by Info Costa Rica Travel

if http ://infocosta rica. com/generalldemocracy. html.

sta

1-OgT

The 1949 Constitution gtr-;arantees

certain rights to

A)
B)
C)
D)

speech

lNr

43)

1A

___.

just foreigners
Ticos and {oreigiters

certainCentralAmericans
Costa Ricans but
foreigners

not

Based on the lext below, choose the appropriate arternative

that compretes gach sentence.

(ltems from 52 to 5a)

COMPUTER NETWORI(
ADMINISTRATCIfT

52)

Z. & F. lnternational seeks an

A)
B)
C)
D)

experienced computer technician

for maintenance, adrninistration cf

lnternet servers and

One of the reguirements

be able to

service

customer vrorkstations.

for

the job is to

speak English
maintain the traffic
help alt old technicians
surf the internet to become an
expert

Must have experience with lligh

traffic, mission critical seryers.

.
.
.

Must be available 24 hours, 7 days

a week (for emergency response).

53)

A) 24 weeks
B)' 7 hoursaweek
C) 24 emergency days
D) at any time of the week

Windows NT server expei'ience is

a MUST.

Linux experience is desirecJ. but

not required.

The applicant has to be available to work

English speaking is a MUST.

La Aurora, Heredia.

54)

The applicant is required

to work

Send r6sum6 to itpc@gmail.com

A)
B)
C)
D)

lN3:

" ^^-

administrators
standard traffic
Windows NT server
any type of technicians

with

Based on the text below, choose the appropriate option to complete each statement.
'

(ltems from 55 to

60)

IPHONE

The lPhone is a multidredia and lnternet-enabled mobile phone designed and sold
by Apple lnc. at a higher price than ordinary mobile models. The lPhone's
functions include those oJ a camera phone and a multimedia player. lt also
offers lnternet services including e'mail, text messaging, web
browsing and visual voicemail. .User input is accomplished via a
multi-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons. The lPhone
became availabte in 2007 in the United States. from Apple retail stores for a
.contracted price of US$499 for the 4 GB modeland US$599 for the B GB model.
Apple released a video explaining many of the lPhone's features through a series of
eye popping demonstrations.

FEATURES: The first generation lPhone introduces some features like:

Touch screen: The 3.5 inches liquid crystat display touch screen topped with
optical-quality glass is specifically created for use ryith one, or multiple fingers for
multi-touch sensing. However, because the screen-is a capacitive touch screen, no
stylus is needed, nor can one be used. So, the requirement for bare skin to be used
caused concerns for users in areas with winter climates; gloves worn would then
have to be removed to use the touchpad.

Gamera: The lPhone features a built-in photographic camera located on the back,
with no video functions. lt also includes a program that allows the user to upload,
view, and g-rnail thousands of photographs.
MultimeCia: The lPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos,
playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio-books, and compilations.

Bafterv: The lPhone features a built-in rechargeable battery, but it is not intended
to be user-replaceable. Once the battery reaches the end of its life time, the phone
will need to be returned to Apple and replaced for a fee.
Adapted from,www

55)

The article is about the newest technology regarding

A)
B)
C)
D)

cameraS

a cellular, phone
voicemail receivers
a multimedia keyboard

tN11-09

23

e n.

wi ki p ed i a. o rg/l P h o n e

56)

When using this,device you have to use

A)

on the touch screen.

gloves

'B) : , mittens
C) . the stylus
D) your fingers
:

57) The multiniedia.section of th.e lPhone is primarily used to organize and

A) music
B) e-mails
C) pictures
D) voicemails
58)

With the incorpoiated camera,'you can send pictures to your

A)
B)
C)
D)
59)

reprqduce

multimedia
voicemail
battery
e-mail

The price of the new lPhones are

'A)
B)
C)
D)

a regular cel! phone.

cheaper than
.the same price as
not as expensive as
much more expensive than

. 60) Some limitations in the features of the first lPhone are in the
A) screen, the battery and the camera
B) multimedia and the factory service
C)' price and the photographs
D) lnternet service

tN11-09

24

Read the text below.

COSTARICANS'SOLIDARITY

The generosity that the people of Costa Rica have showed during the past

emergencies demonstrates the strong values"inherent in qur culture. Despite strong

winds and cold weather, both young and old. people have arrived at the Red'Cross
parts of
collection centers to drop off their contributions to help people from differen!
the country as a symbol of solidarity.
Anoth,er lesson of solidarity has been shown by children throughout the country.
They have donated the contents of their piggy banks to buy equipment for the
disabled and sick children from different spots of the country.

It is heart-warming to see the solidarity of all Costa Ricans in times of

national
emergencies. This means that this value is still in each Costa Rican home and it
improves the quality of life. However, Costa Ricans must recover and reinforce other
national key values such as respect, justice, peace and love to avoid the

Jeterioration of society due to external influences by different means'

ln that sense, it is a must that adults try to transmit generation through generation
their .ancestors' values. ln fact, all Costa Ricans must not forget the national
ancestors' great decisions when they eliminated the army, chose neutrality, and
strengthened education in the past.
Adapted by Sonia Mora and others

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to answer each question?
(ltems from 61 to 65)

61)

Why is people's generosity important?.

Because it

A) reinforceshumans'sufferings
C) helps to increase emergencies
B) contributes to others' indifferences
D) improves humanitarian relationships

tN41-10

25

.:
,]

i
I
-,,*

62) What did old people do after the last emergency

They,helped

,
1,

A) , in spite of the bad weather

't

.,

C)
D)

facing hot weather

only their relatives

J1

' :fl-'t "'if

. ). i

Ji

6.31 How did the Red Cross work? By

t

A)
B)
C)
D)

buying milk
giving people some lessons
distributing people's contributions
taking good care of the sirong

winds ,

i: ;t

..

64) what is it stated about

the abolition of the army in costa Rica?

It has been

A)
" B)
C)
D)
65)

a lesson taught by children

an example. of Ticqs' vatues
a way to show people's ancestors
a demonstration of national civil war

How rnust Costa Rican ctrildren grow up?

A)
B)
C)
D)

tN41-10

Sunounded byweapons
Conserving external beliefs
Rejecting their parents'values
Followingtheirancestois'values

26

,l.

Read the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative'ttrat completes each
sentence. (ltems from 66 to 70)

66)
WHAT IS E-MAIL?

A)
B)
C)
D)

E-mail is a shortened version

of the words "eleictronic" and

"mail". lt can .as.s

be considered

the

electronic

version

of a

r.@*

ir."')

67)

most
on
poputar
services
and
used
the lnternet. lt enables
rnessages to be transferred
from an individual to another
or from an individual to a
group of people.

68)

Documents (audio, video,

by e-mail.

cash
images
outlook
individuals'

69) ln order to read e-mails, you have ,o -

A)
B)
C)
D)

E-mails can be sent and

in

the
anywhere
world.' Recipients can check
their "inbox" (where e-mails
are stored) at any time theY
connect to the lnternet.

letter
e-mail
internet service
comPuter Program

You can send

A)
B)
C)
D)

etc.) n

be
ethe
attached and sent with
mail messages. E-mails can
be sent and viewed in various
ways, depending on the client
applications used.' Some
common programs include
"Outlook", "Egdora", and
"Apple mail".

viewed

individuals
comPuter Programs

"Outlook" is a very well-known

A)
B)
C)
D)

is one of the

pictures,

letters
qhecks

*\

letter sent over

the computer.

E-mail

E-mail is a waY to send

over the comPuter.

70)

-.

You can check your electronic mailbox from

with lnternet access.

A)
B)
C)
D)
27

view the reciPient

connect to the lnternet
be considered electronic
call the recipient over the phone

any comPuter
the Outlook store
a group of PeoPle
your own PC onlY

!
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