Part 1

How to Run and Cement Liners

perators trying to minimize risk by refusing to

O
rotate or reciprocate liners while cementing often

cost themselves money to repair poor cement jobs.

However, practices commonly viewed by some as being
risky actually produce better results over the long haul

Protective
Casing

Glenn R. Bowman, Regional Drilling Superintendent, Ashland Exploration, Houston: and Bill Sherer, Operations Manager, Liner
Tools LC and formerly Alexander Oil Tools, Houston

Liner
Top
Liner
Hanger

EVEN BEFORE SUCH straightforward procedures as calculating

cement volume or designing liner strings are performed, the
drilling/completion engineer should evaluate well conditions to
make sure all contingencies have been considered. This article
discusses benefits of pipe movement during cementing, but points
out the impracticality in some cases. When impractical, other
means can be applied to optimize the job. Also included are current
industry practices that can cause trouble and the advantages to
reciprocating or rotating a liner.

KNOW WHEN TO TAKE A RISK

Cement from
the top of the Liner Shoe

Effectively cementing liners, (Fig. 1), continues to be a difficult

task in most areas since many operators continue to avoid applying
known cementing principles, mechanical aids and pipe movement.
This becomes more ingrained if the operator has had or heard of
a bad experience with a liner. Therefore, most operators have
ceased attempting to balance risk with cost efficiency in cementing
liners. This can result from company policy or fear of failure. Lack
of pipe movement, small amounts of cement and expensive remedial squeezing therefore are planned for and expected in most
jobs.

Figure 1 - An effective cemented liner is one cemented concentrically in the hole, with all critical zones isolated from
one another and from the liner top and shoe by competent cement.

x It eliminates the risk of being unable to detach from the

liner once cement is in place. This can be a serious problem if
cement is brought above the liner top and around the drill pipe
and then allowed to set. In some instances, this resulted in
wells being junked, or at the very least, in costly repair. Most
operators consider it an unacceptable risk to stay connected to
the liner during cementing.

The authors do not settle for this low-risk attitude, which inherently produces a low degree of success. Instead, we try to apply
all known cementing principles and available mechanical techniques
to every liner job, modified as necessary for individual well
conditions. There is not just one company policy for all liners as
some operators have adopted. By maximizing the engineering
applied to each well, large economical and technical rewards can
be achieved in an industry characterized by risk.

x It may be necessary to change to a higher strength drill string

to enable reciprocation or rotation with drag or torque.
x If centralizers or scratchers are used they may become entangled with the liner hanger during movement and interfere
with its use.

This article will not describe any new technology in liner cementing or equipment, but rather will show how existing methods
are realistically and practically applied. Some case histories and
solutions to problems will also be presented in future articles.

x Swab or surge pressures while moving the liner could cause

either lost circulation or formation flow if mud weight is close
to exceeding the fracture gradient or only slightly overbalanced,
respectively.

CURRENT INDUSTRY PRACTICES

There probably is nothing more controversial in industry than
how a liner should be cemented, and many excellent articles have
been written on this subject.1-22 These articles describe in detail
how liner cementing is performed in certain areas with specific
well conditions. The authors applaud the new boldness in industry
to challenge timid philosophies on cementing liners. As pointed
out so aptly by Lindsey.8 Two widely accepted cementing methods
are performed as follows:

x Movement of the liner during cementing may knock debris off

into the annulus that may form a bridge and cause circulation and
placement problems, or cause the cement to squeeze off in the
annulus.
x If the liner sticks during movement while cementing, then it will
have to be set in compression. This can cause the liner to buckle
(Fig. 2), which can lead to drill string torque and subsequent wear
on the liner if it is a drilling liner. For a production liner, the buckling could make it difficult or impossible to set a packer. Buckling
problems can be aggravated even more by higher temperatures
and pressures during deeper drilling.1, 20, 21, 23

x Single stage cement job in which the operator plans to

circulate cement to the top of the liner.
x Planned squeeze program in which the lower part of the
liner is cemented and the top of the liner is squeezed later.

x No liner reciprocation reduces the likelihood that it will be stuck

off bottom above a critical pay or lost circulation zone. Another
problem with sticking the liner off bottom is the potential that rathole mud and cement may change places (flip flop) due to density
differences once the cement is in place. This could ruin the quality
of the cement job around the bottom of the liner.

Unfortunately, the second procedure is more widely accepted.

In addition, the practice of disengaging from the liner hanger
before cementing is almost universal. According to Lindsey,16
less than 20% of all liner jobs include plans to move the liner
during cementing. There are many reasons for this including:
Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

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Liner Top
Squeezed

Buckled Interval
Washed Out Hole
Liner

type of hole. The displacement efficiently on this job was

over 92%. There are no bearings to restrict rotation speed or
time. Also, with these type hangers, once the liner is on bottom,
the operator can access hole conditions and then have the option
to reciprocate, rotate, or do both. Staying attached can also let
the operator alternate between reciprocation (if torque is too
high or the rig rotary table goes out) and rotation (if there is too
much drag). Downhole rotating liner hangers do not provide
this option.

Intermediate
Casing

x The liner running tool stinger cannot be pulled out of the liner
hanger during cementing as a result of temperature contraction,
differential pressure or the liner hanger sliding down the hole.7
This concern becomes more real if high pump rates are desired,
which means higher pump pressures.

Cement Bottom
from Squeeze
Uncemented
Interval

x Potential for the annulus packing off with shale and subsequent loss of returns is lessened when the operator can
alternate between rotation and reciprocation.

Cement Top
from First Stage

x Premature shearing of retaining pins holding the liner

wiper plug is less likely because there is no relative movement
between the liner and setting tool.7
x If cement channels severely and there is a large hydrostatic
difference between the inside and outside of the running tools,
the cups or seals can give way before cementing of the liner is
complete. In this event, the plug will never be full displaced,
leaving cement to be drilled inside the liner and little or no
cement around the back of the liner.

Figure 2 - If it is necessary to squeeze the top of a liner, there

is a possibility that there will remain an uncemented interval that
could lead to later pipe buckling (especially if there are major
washed out sections). For a drilling liner, this could establish wear
points that may develop into casing leaks. For production liners,
the buckling could prevent the proper installation of packers.
x Fear that the drill string may part during reciprocation or twist
off during rotation of the liner is eliminated.

Drill String

Despite the disadvantages of moving the liner by staying attached

while cementing, the authors believe that there are many more
serious economic disadvantages with releasing from the liner before
cementing. They include:

Liner Hanger

(circulating restriction)

Drill Cuttings
from Washout

x When hanging off the liner before cementing, seals are disturbed
that isolate the pressures inside the liner hanger setting tool from
pressures on top of the liner, this despite good improvement in seal
design and packoff bushings. Many liners have had all or part of the
cement pumped around the liner setting tool. The same problem can
occur with downhole rotating liner hangers. By staying attached
to the liner while cementing, the problem essentially becomes
non-existent.

Cement
Liner

Drill Cuttings

x By hanging off first, the bypass area around the liner becomes
a greater restriction, potentially causing lost circulation or
bridging in the annulus with cuttings or wallcake, causing sudden
dehydration of the cement (Fig. 3). Graves has quantified the
amount reduced liner hanger areas can also increase equivalent
circulation densities.13

Cement

x With downhole rotating liner hangers (the liner is hung off first,
the setting tool released and rotation initiated), more torque is
is required to initiate rotation to overcome bearing friction. 16
The liner may become stuck in close tolerance, high differential
pressure, high permeability, or deviated type holes while releasing
from the liner hanger. By hanging off first, a circulating restriction
is created that increases the equivalent circulating density. Another
disadvantage of these type hangers are that rotation requirements
are controlled by the load on, and consequently, the life of the
the bearings.16, 18 The heavier the liner, the shorter the bearing
life and the slower the liner has to be rotated. Lower rpm means
lower cement-to-mud drag forces. Mechanically set liner hangers
(see Fig. 4) are routinely rotated at 40-45 rpm for as long as the
job takes. On one job, a mechanically set liner hanger was rotated
at 120 rpm after the cement turned the shoe. Unquestionably,
higher rpm greatly increases the chances for a cement job in any
Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

Intermediate
Casing

Figure 3 - Due to cements superior hole cleaning ability (especially if it is in turbulent flow), an accumulation of drilled cuttings
not circulated out during drilling could cause a bridge ahead of
the cement in a narrow annulus. The cement then may suddenly
dehydrate and set prematurely. Some may call it flash setting.

As shown above, there are many advantages to working a liner

by staying attached while cementing. During the two authors combined experience in over 300 jobs, the inability to release the liner
setting tool has only occurred twice. One was caused by premature
setting of cement. The other involved mechanical failure during the
earlier development in the 1960s of the hanger shown in Fig. 4.
This has not occurred since the hanger was redesigned.

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Before describing the design criteria for a liner job, it is necessary to first discuss the advantages of getting an optimum cement
job and how pipe movement weighs heavily in achieving this end.

be achieved, displacing at a maximum flowrate was more effective than plug flow displacement.
In the experimental studies cited,25 displacement was not appreciably affected by the amount of fluids pumped at low flow
rates. Apparently, once cement determined a flow path, it continued to follow that path with little or no deviation. The chemical
reaction between cement and mud may have created a contact
region that could not be eroded away.

Figure 4 - Example of a mechanically set rotating

ing or reciprocating liner hanger. The design of
the setting tool is such that after cementing, the
tool is rotated 18 rounds to the right, which allows
the slips to be set by slacking off weight with 8 in.
of downward movement. In addition, a jaw arrangement of the setting tool slips inside the releasing
nut so that further rotation releases the liner. Reciprocation or rotation can be performed before
releasing from the hanger while cementing.

The lab investigation also showed that increasing the density

difference between the fluid mud and cement by as much as 3 ppg
did not improve overall displacement. The buoyancy force did not
aid in removing the non-circulatable mud because the fluid that
had lost its mobility had a greater density than the cement, even
when the fluid mud was lighter than the cement. The mud must
be mobile to let density have an effect.25

GOOD CEMENTING CRITERIAS

The relative importance of the displacement factors may be

realized by considering the mud mobility factor defined in this
paper25 and the fluid velocity of cement. There appeared to be two
major opposing factors in the cement/mud displacement process
identified in the lab investigation, namely: immobility of the
drilling fluid (being resisting force) and flow energy of the displacing
fluid. Displacement was improved by either increasing the mud
mobility (the more effective method) or increasing the flow energy.

Displacement efficiency of cement around

tubulars when the pipe is not moved depends
highly on the following:24
x Good rheological properties of the drilling
fluid.
x Pipe centralization.

Of particular note in the preceding is that plug flow and density

differences between cement and mud do not affect sweep
efficiency to any degree. Cement should be pumped as fast as
possible, be it turbulent or laminar flow. Large density differences
between mud and cement aggravate a lost circulation problem
when cementing liners already burdened by close tolerances
and higher equivalent circulat ing densities. For long liners with
low mud weights and high cement densities, keeping the cement in
plug flow would entail circulating he well on a choke to slow free
fall of the cement. Not many operators will be inclined to circulate a well on a choke while cementing and then rotate or
reciprocate the liner with a bag type preventer closed around the
work string.

x High pump rates.

x The highest possible contact time of cement pumped by critical pumped by critical
intervals.
x The use of cement that exceeds mud density by maximum
amount that the conditions will allow.
Another study reconfirmed for the most part, the above as good
cementing principles.25 They also concluded the following:
x During test sections simulating realistic downhole permeabilities, 100% displacement was never achieved.

McLean, Manry and Whitaker, 26 showed how important

pipe movement is - either pipe rotation or reciprocation is very
beneficial to obtaining a primary cement job.

x Downhole mobility of the mud system was highly dependent on

its thixotropic properties and filter cake disposition characteristics
and this was a major factor in how effectively mud was displaced.

RECIPROCATING AND ROTATING LINERS

x In a narrow annulus, the slightest decentralization was enough to

allow a channel of mud to be bypassed. This was caused by the
loss of mud fluidity and the resulting nonuniform pressure distribution in the annulus.

Getting the best possible liner cement job in one trip is

the primary goal of liner movement. Unnecessary, costly trips
and squeezing can be avoided in numerous instances by apply
ing known cementing and engineering principles with minimum
risk. The authors view liner cementing as a better opportunity
for obtaining a primary cement job than in cementing casing.
Many more good cementing practices can be accomplished
while cementing liners than cementing casing. The foremost
principle not being applied is pipe movement, and without it, the
disadvantage is that effective mud removal from the annulus is
decreased.

x High cement flowrates appeared to favorably influence the mud

displacement process. In lab investigations of mud removal, total
fluid flow energy appeared to be more important than turbulent
energy transfer, particularly in a narrow annulus.
x Within the realistic range of cement and mud rheological properties studied, given in terms of yield point and plastic viscosity, the
rheological differences did not have a measurable effect on the
displacement process. However, for equivalent flow pressures, a
cement with a low yield point may be pumped at a higher flow rate
rate than one with a high yield point. Therefore, when a low yield
point cement was used, the displacement process was favorably
influenced by employing a higher flow rate.

According to McLean, et al.,26 without pipe movement, there is

no way cement can get between the pipe and hole where they are
in contact due to casing-hole eccentricity. Bare casing will rest
against the wall of the hole causing the annular cross-section of
cement to be a half-moon instead of a uniform ring. This problem
becomes more severe in a directional hole in which mud channels
are usually adjacent to the casing on the narrow side of the annulus. Reciprocation helps because it produces lateral pipe movement that causes the pipe to change sides (lowside to highside, etc.)
in the wellbore while it is put in compression when slacked off
and tension when picked up. Rotation helps by pulling the
cement into wellbore irregularities and displacing the mud due to
cement-to-mud drag forces (see Fig. 5).

x Throughout the experimental studies, pumping a high yield point

cement at low flowrates was not an effective method of mud
displacement.
x To maximize mud displacement in the lab, cement had to be
pumped as fast as possible. Even when turbulent flow could not
Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

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is always some drag when pulling pipe out of the hole, with the
total amount of drag indicative of hole condition. Drag should
reduce at a constant rate as pipe is pulled, but if it decreases
more in one section it can be anticipated that this section is
somewhat crooked and may have a keyseat. This section of hole
in this case would correspond to the hole depth from the top of
the drill collars to the bottom of the bit at the point where drag
decreased (see Fig 7).

Casing

Drag force from casing

movement (Pos.)

Eccentric annulus

Drag force, mud

on wall (Neg.)

Differential pressure
moving cement also
acts on mud (Pos.)

Pressure due to mud

column weight (Neg.)

Bypassed mud
channel

Hard
a ti o n

Drag force cement

on mud (Pos.)

Buoyancy effect of
denser cement (Neg.)

Form

S o ft

Cement slurry

Figure 5 - Various forces acting to displace, and resist disdisplacement, of by-passed vertical mud column during primary
cementing. (After McLean, et al.26)

Hard
a ti o n

Keyseat
Drill Collar
Cross
Section
of Drilled
Hole

S o ft
a ti o n
Form
Keyseat

Hard
a ti o n
Form
S o ft

Form

Bit

a ti o n

Bit in Keyseat

Hard Formation

Figure 7

- Keyseats in layered formation. (After Short27)

Keyseats must be avoided while both drilling and running

casing. There are some things that can be done to minimize
keyseats. The first is to minimize sudden changes in hole angle and consequently reduce dog-leg severity. This can be accomplished by running stiff bottomhole assemblies. A second
method is to always run spiral rib stabilizers or keyseat wipers
on top of the top drill collars on bottomhole assemblies. Stabilizers and keyseat wipers help steer the drill collars out of the
keyseat groove and wipe them out. Keyseat wipers should
also be used if the possibility exists that the drill string may
become stuck during a trip. Keyseat wipers not only wipe out
the keyseat and steer the collars away from the keyseat groove,
but also provide a means of jarring the drill string free if it
becomes stuck. Keyseat wipers are available that can jar up or
down. If the drill string sticks in a keyseat while pulling out the
hole, then normally the drill string should be jarred down. If the
drill string becomes stuck in a keyseat while going in the hole,
it should be jarred up. On most liner jobs, keyseat problems
that occur while pulling out of the hole will not cause a problem
with getting a liner in the hole and rotating it, but could cause
problems during reciprocation.

There are two main causes of excessive drag or torque, the first
being dog-legs in the well bore that can lead to the formation of
keyseats (Fig. 6).

Late
Stage

Stages of Keyseat Growth

If keyseats become severe, another alternative is to ream

the section with a drill collar keyseat wiping assembly (Fig. 8).
This is a rather drastic procedure and has its risks. Not only
is this procedure very hard on drill collar tool joints, but
a packed hole assembly such as this can be jammed into
any part ofthe open hole that was drilled with a more
flexible bottomhole assembly. Because of this, consideration
should be given to reaming all of the open hole down to the
keyseat section. The best way to avoid this time consuming
operation is to drill all the open hole with a stiff bottomhole

Figure 6 - Shaded area shows amount of material that must

be removed to wipe out the keyseat completely. (After Short 27)
As stated by J.A. Jim Short27, Keyseats can be prevented; they
can be detected; and they can be removed. The best method of
detecting keyseats is to observe the weight indicator and drill pipe
on trips, especially when pulling pipe out ofhe hole. There
Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

P ip e

Cross
Section
of Drilled
Hole

Hard
a ti o n
Form

The answer to these questions should be easy to determine

before a job begins. Drag or torque problems with the drill string
have already been noted. Drag problems can often, and should be,
cleared up before running the liner. A short, small liner (3 -in. or
smaller) in a deep well should be hung off first because it would be
impossible to tell from the weight indicator if it had been released
or not.

Drilled
Hole

D r il l

S o ft
a ti o n
Form

Questions that need to be considered before planning a

liner job are as follows:
x Is the hole in good condition?
x If not, can it be improved economically?
x Should plans call for working the liner?

Middle
Stage

a ti o n

Top of Drill Collar

in a Keyseat

Form

Although liner movement should always be the goal, well

conditions may dictate that it should not be tried. For instance,
excessive drag may preclude liner reciprocation. If torque is not
excessive, then liner rotation may be planned. If good operational
practices are followed, however, the authors feel that liner movement can be achieved in over 90% of all liner jobs. But certain
precautions need to be followed.

Early
Stage

Form

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Short or High Angle Keyseat

there and hang it off immediately in full tension. When an appropriateliner hanger is run and if drag is the only problem, then
plans could be made to rotate the liner. If torque is a problem,
plans can be made to reciprocate the liner. This is often the
case in directional wells with high differential pressures and exposed
sands with high permeabilities. A hydraulic hanger should be considered when severe torque problems are present and cannot be
remedied.

Long Keyseat
Stabilizers

Bit

Short or Long
Drill Colar

Ashland does not necessarily attempt to rotate or reciprocate

drilling liners since a maximized cement job in this case is one in
which the liner top and the liner shoe do not have to be squeezed
with an additional trip of the drill string. This philosophy should
change if large mud weight increases and significantly higher
temperatures can be expected during later drilling. These
variables may increase buckling tendency1,21,23 of tubulars (Fig. 2)
and may dictate the necessity of cementing as much of the liners
length as possible. A bad cement job may not provide enough
lateral support (especially in large washouts) to keep the liner
from buckling. This becomes more important as drilling time and
amount of buckling aggravates casing wear during trips or rotation.
In extreme well conditions, consideration should be given to
drilling with oil base mud or an inhibited water base mud to achieve
a closer-to-gauge hole. This will provide more lateral support and a
slicker hole for liner movement while cementing. Liner buckling
will not be a problem in a close tolerance hole even if there is almost
no cement behind the liner as long as the hole is in gauge.

Drill Collars
Reamers
Keyseat

Stabilizers

Figure 8 - Examples of drill collar keyseat wiping assemblies

(After Short ) 27

Other good cementing criteria beside rotation and reciprocation, will be discussed in more detail in future articles

assembly from the beginning. For those who like to drill with
a pendulum assembly in soft formations to hold down hole
deviation, a packed pendulum can be run (Fig 9). Once TD is
reached, the pendulum hookup is moved down to the bit. This means
that only the length of the pendulum collars will have to be reamed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank their respective managements for permission
and encouragement to publish this article and for their progressive
management philosophy that encourages maximized engineering
efforts on all field operations. The authors also thank drilling
foreman Leon Pate and Ray Guidry, and Tim Alexander Jr. for
sharing their expertise and Judy BenSreti for typing the manuscript.

Packed Hole
Assembly
Vibration
Dampener

Drill Collars

Bit

The authors would also like to state that they have read so
much literature and talked to so many people concerning the
subject matter that they realize that the manuscript does not
completely constitute original thinking. Any credit not given to
previous authors where credit is due is regretted and unintentional.

Pendulum

THE AUTHORS
Glenn R. Bowman is the regional drilling superintendent for
Ashland Explorations Houston Region. He graduated from Marietta College with a BS degree in petroleum engineering and has
held various drilling engineering positions before joining Ashland
in 1984. He was most recently drilling manager for Wainoco Oil
and Gas in Houston. Mr. Bowman is a member of SPE and has
authored several other papers for World Oil on liners and bottomhole drilling semblies.

Figure 9 - A packed pendulum assembly is used to decrease hole

hole angle especially when a packed hole assembly is required after
hole angle is reduced. (After Wilson )29

The importance of packed hole assemblies as they apply to

running liners will be discussed later in more detail. Care also
has to be taken to assure that the well is not sidetracked while
reaming. According to Short,27 the best practice is to ream with
the heaviest weight possible and use high rotary speed. If there
is drag or the hole is taking weight while tripping in the hole,
under-reaming may be necessary.

Bill Sherer is the operations manager for Liner Tools LC in

Houston, and worked for Alexander Oil Tools from 1984-2001 concentrating on the B&W liner hanger line. Mr. Sherer worked for
B&W from 1965 to 1979 and later as a consultant for running
liners from 1979 until 1984. Mr. Sherer specializes in optimization
techniques for cementing liners and has personally supervise
the running of over 300 liners.

Drag problems or torque problems also can be caused by having

a dirty hole. This, along with other variables will be discussed
in a future article on getting liners to bottom.

For more information regarding high rpm liner rotation,

centralization, and primary cementation please contact us or visit
our website shown below.

If drag and torque problems occur simultaneously and cannot

be decreased, plans should not be made to move the liner once it
has been run. Instead, once the liner is in place, leave it
Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

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LITERATURE CITED

25

Lindsey, H.E. and Bateman, S.J. Improve cementing of drilling liners

in deep wells. World Oil. October 1973.

26

Haut, Richard C. and Cook, Ronald J. Primary cementing

Optimizing for maximum displacement. World Oil. 1980.

McLean, R.H., Manry, C.W, and Whitaker, W.W. Displacement

mechanics in primary cementing. Journal of Petroleum
Technology. 1967.

Gibbs, Joe. How to rotate and reciprocate while cementing your

liner. Drilling-DCW. June 1974.

27

Short, J.A. Drilling and casing operations. PennWell Publishing Company 1982.

West, E.R. and Lindsey, H.E. How to run and cement liners in ultradeep wells. World Oil. June 1966.

28

Woods, H.B. and Lubinski, A., Use of stabilizers in controlling

hole deviation. Drilling and Production Practices. 1954.

Lindsey, H.E. Running and cementing deep well liners. World Oil.
November 1974.

29

Wilson, Gerald E. How to drill a usable hole. Parts 1 and 2.

World Oil. September 1976.

Suman, G.O., and Ellis, R.C. Cementing Handbook. World Oil.

1977.
6

Lindsey, H.E. How deep Anadarko wells are designed and equipped.
World Oil. February 1, 1979.
7

Howell, Frank R. Liner reciprocation while cementing. DrillingDCW. July 1979.

8

Lindsey, H.E. New tools make liner rotation during cementing practical. World Oil. October 1981.
9

Smith, Dwight K. Cementing Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME

and Henry L. Doherty Fund of AIME, 1976.
10

Hyatt, C.R. and Partin Jr., M.H. Liner rotation and proper planning
improves primary cementing success. SPE 12607, April 1984, Amarillo, Texas.

Liner Tools LC
Specializing in Liner Primary Cementing

11

Spradlin, Jr., W.N. Operators tackle Anadarko cementing problems. Petroleum Engineer International. June 1983.
12

Landrum, W.R. and Turner, R.D. Rotating liners during cementing

in the Grand Isle and West Delta Area. IADC/SPE 11420. 1983.
13

Graves, Kyle S. Planning would boost liner cementing success.

Oil and Gas Journal. April 1985.

Showcase:

14

Arceneaux, Mark A. Liner operations made easy.Petroleum

Engineer International. September 1986.
15

Arceneaux, M.A. and Smith, R.L. Liner rotation while cementing:

An operators experience in South Texas. SPE/IADC 13448. New Orleans,
La.

The Mechanical Rotating Liner Hanger

Optimal for medium to long length liners
with severe down-hole conditions requiring
high burst and collapse.

Used to run, cement, and rotate a liner at

high RPM. Can be drilled into the hole.
Optimum for all wells including deviated
and S curved wells.

Recessed, tongue and groove slips are protected. Unique design allows rotation and
reciprocation while cementing. High burst
and collapse provided by a casing barrel.
Resists hostile down-hole environments with
optimum material selection. Controlled and
evenly timed slips load the casing uniformly,
eliminating casing failures due to point
loading. Optimum slip angle maximizes the
hanging capacity of the liner hanger. Simple
to operate, requiring multiple right hand
rotations to set the hanger.

Applications:

16

Lindsey Jr., H.E. Rotate liners for a successful cement job.

World Oil. October 1986.

17

Lindsey Jr., H.E. and Durham, K.S. Field results of liner rotation
during cementing. SPE Production Engineering. February 1987.

18

Garcia, Juan A. Rotating liner hanger helps solve cementing

problems. Petroleum Engineer International. September 1985.

Features:

19

Reiley, R.H., Black, J.W. Stagg, T.O., and Walters D.A., Cement
ing of liners in horizontal and high-angle wells at Prudhoe Bay,
Alaska. SPE 16682. September 1987. Dallas, Texas.

20

Vangolen, Tracy Smink and Robertson, Wilton G. Remedial liners

repair EOR field casing damage. Oil & Gas Journal. Oct. 12, 1987.

21

Durham, Kenneth S. How to prevent deep well liner failure,

Parts 1 & 2. World Oil. October and November 1987.

22

Lindsey, H.E. and Durham, K.S. Field results of liner rotation

during cementing. SPE 13047, Houston, Texas, Sept. 1984.

23

Goins, W.C., Better understanding prevents tubular buckling

problems. World Oil. February 1980.

24

Jones, P.H. and Berdine, D. Oil well cementing. Oil & Gas
Journal. March 21, 1940.

Reprinted from World Oil magazine, May 1988 with permission from the authors.

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