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Lecture 20
Passivity Definitions and Influencing Parameters
Keywords: Definition of Passivity, Flade Potential, Anodic Polarization, Critical
Anodic Current Density.
Passivity is due to the formation of thin, impermeable and adherent surface films
under oxidizing conditions often associated with anodic polarization.
Only
Examples for definition 1 are Cr, Ni, Ti, Zr and stainless steels.
Examples for definition 2 are lead in sulfuric acid, magnesium in water and iron in
inhibited pickling acid.
Fig 20.1 Eh pH diagram for iron superimposed on the chromium diagram (enhanced passivity range due to stable
Cr2O3)
2
Course Title: Advances in Corrosion Engineering
Course Co-ordinator: Prof. K. A. Natarajan, IISc Bangalore
Since chromium is capable of forming a very stable oxide at much lower potentials,
alloying with chromium (minimum 12%) leads to development of corrosion resistant
stainless steels and cast irons. Other metals that can form passive surface films
include aluminium, silicon, titanium, tantalum and niobium.
Epp Primary passive potential, above which passive film becomes stable.
icrit = Critical passivating anodic current density, at which passivity is induced.
ipass Passive current density.
3
Course Title: Advances in Corrosion Engineering
Course Co-ordinator: Prof. K. A. Natarajan, IISc Bangalore
On increasing the potential beyond the passive region, the passive film breaks down
and anodic corrosion current further increases in the transpassive state. Oxygen
evolution at the anode occurs at higher potentials.
4
Course Title: Advances in Corrosion Engineering
Course Co-ordinator: Prof. K. A. Natarajan, IISc Bangalore
5
Course Title: Advances in Corrosion Engineering
Course Co-ordinator: Prof. K. A. Natarajan, IISc Bangalore