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K103
ry of charging.
In the present experiment the virgin sample was sandwiched between the
stainless s t e e l electrodes and the c u r r e n t was recorded in short circuit without
applying an electric field unless otherwise mentioned. The temperature was kept
uniform to an accuracy of +O. 5 OC throughout the sample and the electrodes, and
was monitored a t the sample by a chromel-alumel thermocouple. During the TSC
measurement the temperature was linearly varied with a r a t e of 6 . 4 K/min.
Fig. 1 shows the TSC in virgin, F E P , Perspec (PMMA), and Teflon ( F T F E ) .
The nature of the spontaneous c u r r e n t is found to remain the s a m e i n e a c h p o l y m e r .
The c u r r e n t remained negligibly small upto a certain temperature and increased
exponentially above this. Like the conductivity in the polymers the spontaneous
current 1 is also related to the activation energy E f o r the p r o c e s s by the relation
/4,
K104
TI"G)
PTFE (
characteristic activation energy E . Such a plot for the c u r r e n t in Fig. 2 indicates not a single straight line, indicating that the polymer passes from the
glassy region into a rubbery region /7/. In between is the transition region accompanying the g l a s s transition temperature T
The segmental and main chain
g'
motion in the polymer begins a t T the a -transition.
g'
115 and 120 O C , respectively. Our results a r e in close agreement with these
values. In F E P we observe two transitions at 83 and 180 O C . We call them the
primary and secondary g l a s s transition temperatures T and T , respectively. Both
gl
of these w e name a%ansitions. T is in
g
Short Notes
T a b l e
Experimentally calculated p a r a m e t e r s
property
FE P
g l a s s transition
83
PMMA
PTFE
115
120
gl
Tg (OC)
= 180
g2
activation
ene'rgy
E (eV)
glassy
state
0.53
0.14
0.22
rubbery
state
0.66
1. l l
0. n
at T =
= 2 4g20
8 C
relaxation time
(s)
109
177
g2
where
2o =
2
g
k T /BE(exp(E/kT
1) ;
where E is the activation energy in glassy state and B and T are the heating
g
r a t e and g l a s s transition temperature, respectively.
It is observed that the relaxation time and the g l a s s transition temperature
IU 06
f o r providing the financial assistance.
References