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CONTROL SYSTEM
A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of
Bachelor of Technology
In
DEVARAGATUU SURESH
(12BQ1A0427)
AVVARU PHANINDRA
(12BQ1A0410)
CERTIFICATE
ii
DECLARATION
DATE :
PLACE : NAMBUR
SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATES
J.SATHISH
A.PHANINDRA
D.SURESH
D.JAGADEESH BABU
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
(12BQ1A0439)
(12BQ1A0410)
(12BQ1A0427)
(12BQ1A0429)
LIST OF CONTENTS
PG.NO
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
ABSTRACT
1.
INTRODUCTON
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 THORITICAL BACK GROUND
1.2.1 HISTORY OF ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
1.2.2 GOOGLE VOICE SEARCH
1.2.3 HISTORY OF BLUETOOTH
2.
BLOCK DIAGRAM, CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAMS
2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2.3 COMPONENTS AND EXPLANATION
2.3.1 POWER SUPPLY
2.3.2 BLUETOOTH-HC05 RECEIVER CHIP
2.3.3 MICRO CONTROLLER
2.3.4 LCD DISPLAY
2.3.5 RELAY
3.
MAKING OF PCB
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 THE ARTWORK
3.3 THE ETCHING
3.4 DRILLING
3.5 ADVANTAGES OF PCB
4.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND IMPLIMENTATION
4.1 SOFTWARES USED
4.2 COMPILING OF ASSEMBLY CODE
4.3 SOFTWARE DUMPING PROCEDURE
4.4 GHOST REMOTE ANDROID APP
5.
RESULT
6.
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
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9
10
10
11
12
13
13
15
16
19
21
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35
37
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38
38
38
39
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41
46
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50
S.NO
FIGURE TITLE
PG.NO
1.1
ANDROID LOGO
10
1.2
10
1.3
BLUETOOTH SYMBOL
12
1.4
13
1.5
14
1.6
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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1.7
16
1.8
20
1.9
20
1.10
22
1.11
ARCHITECTURE OF 89C52
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1.12
30
1.13
SFR SPACE
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1.14
33
1.15
34
1.16
OPERATION OF A RELAY
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1.17
RELAY
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1.18
OPENING A DIRECTORY
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1.19
40
1.20
40
1.21
41
1.22
42
1.23
42
1.24
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1.25
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1.26
44
5.1
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5.2
LIGHT ON
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S.NO
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
TABLE TITLE
PG.NO
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25
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ABSTRACT
Device controlling by switch or remote is old concept now. The next
generation technology is here. Voice operated device controlling project utilizes
human voice command to control electrical devices. This application recognizes
the voice commands and sends it to the project. A receiver and decoder decode
these commands and give it to the 8051 microcontroller over a serial port. Then
microcontroller takes decision on which devices to control depending upon input
received from android application. we can say that roughly there are two types of
controlling operations. In first one, user has to speak in a microphone connected
to electronic circuit. And in another type user can speak in Android mobile or any
other device and then this device sends commands to the project through
wireless communication technique. In this project we have used second type of
operation, which means voice controlling through android mobile application.
One of the main purposes of this technique is to reduce the human efforts. Users
dont have to get up from his place to control the device. This is an advanced
Voice Operated Home Appliance Control System which needs Android smartphone or tablet
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Home automation is not a new concept in today world, it is used to provide
convenience for user to remotely control and monitor the appliances and it
provides a better use of electricity. The efficient use of electricity makes the
HOME automation to play an important role in daily life. As by the growth of PC
(personal computers), internet, mobile phone and wireless technology makes it
easy for a user to remotely access and controls the appliances. A lot of research
has been done and many solutions have been proposed to remotely access the
HOME appliances. Some of them used internet, wireless technology to
communicate and control home appliances, others used Bluetooth and GSM
technology for controlling the home appliances. Proposed method reduces the
wiring and complexity of the system. It has no geographical limitation and can be
used on any GSM network; it provides portability to the system. It is mainly
focused on the elderly people, disables and for the people who are unable to
type text or face difficulties in typing. For the disable people, it is quite difficult to
operate the HOME appliances physically or they are unable or feel
uncomfortable to type a text so as to switch on/off the relative device . So a
system has been developed to monitor the Appliances remotely by simply
running the mobile application and giving voice command. The mobile application
efficiently converts the voice command to text and transfers it to the GSM
network. It is affordable to everyone, cheap and easy to install. As there is no
wired communication between the remote user and appliances control module
and the electronic devices used to control are easily available making it a cost
effective solution. The technology used to develop the system is Java for mobile
and MPLAB for microchip family of controller, and Bluetooth interface for wireless
communication between home mobile and hardware control module.
devices,
has
further
developed Android
TV
for
televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with
a
specialized
user
interface.
Variants
of
Android
are
also
used
Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems of any kind.
Android has been the best selling OS on tablets since 2013, and on smart
phones it is dominant by any metric. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which
Google bought in 2005,Android was unveiled in 2007, along with the founding of
the Open
Handset
Alliance
consortium
of hardware, software,
and
low-cost
and
customizable
operating
system
for high-
tech devices. Its open nature has encouraged a large community of developers
and enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for communitydriven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to
devices originally shipped with other operating systems. At the same time, as
Android has no centralised update system most Android devices fail to receive
security updates: research in 2015 concluded that almost 90% of Android phones
in use had known but unpatched security vulnerabilities due to lack of updates
and support. The success of Android has made it a target for patent litigation as
part of the so-called "Smartphone wars" between technology companies
1.2.2 GOOGLE VOICE SEARCH
Google Voice Search or Search by Voice is a Google product that allows users to
use Google Search by speakingon a mobile phone or computer, i.e. have the
device search for data upon entering information on what to search into the
device by speaking. Initially named as a distinct feature was Voice Action which
allows one to give speech commands to an Android phone. Once only available
for the U.S. English locale commands were later recognizable and replied to in
American, British, and Indian English, French, Italian, German, and Spanish
In Android 4.1+ (Jelly Bean), it was merged with Google Now.
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has
more
telecommunication,
than
25,000
computing,
member
networking,
companies
and
in
the
consumer
areas
of
electronics.
The IEEE standardized Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, but no longer maintains the
standard. The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the specification,
manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks.
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CHAPTER 2
13
14
The Power Supply is a Primary requirement for the project work. The
required DC power supply for the base unit as well as for the recharging unit is
derived from the mains line. For this purpose centre tapped secondary of 12V012V transformer is used. From this transformer we getting 5V power supply. In
this +5V output is a regulated output and it is designed using 7805 positive
voltage regulator. This is a 3 Pin voltage regulator, can deliver current up to 800
milliamps.
+12v
1N4007 X 2
2200F/25v
100F/25v
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The rectified Output is filtered for smoothening the DC, for this purpose
capacitor is used in the filter circuit. The filter capacitors are usually connected in
parallel with the rectifier output and the load. The AC can pass through a
capacitor but DC cannot, the ripples are thus limited and the output becomes
smoothed. When the voltage across the capacitor plates tends to rise, it stores
up energy back into voltage and current. Thus, the fluctuation in the output
voltage is reduced considerable.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
LM 78XX SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR
The LM 78XXX series of the three terminal regulations is available with several
fixed output voltages making them useful in a wide range of applications. One of
these is local on card regulation. The voltages available allow these regulators to
be used in logic systems, instrumentation and other solid state electronic
equipment.
devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and
currents. The LM78XX series is available in aluminium to 3 packages which will
allow over 1.5A load current if adequate heat sinking is provided. Current limiting
is included to limit the peak output current to a safe value. The LM 78XX is
available in the metal 3 leads to 5 and the plastic to 92.For this type, with
adequate heat sinking. The regulator can deliver 100mA output current. The
advantage of this type of regulator is, it is easy to use and minimize the number
of external components.
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Regulator
Output Voltage
5V
uA7805C
6V
uA7806C
8V
uA7808C
8.5V
uA7885C
10V
uA7810C
12V
uA7812C
15V
uA7815C
18V
uA7818C
24V
uA7824C
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(PANs).
Range
is
approximately
10
Meters
(30
feet).
These modules are based on the Cambridge Silicon Radio BC417 2.4 GHz
Bluetooth Radio chip. This is a complex chip which uses an external 8 MB flash
memory. These low-cost Bluetooth Sub-modules work well with Arduino and
other Microcomputers.
HC-05 is a more capable module that can be set to be either Master or Slave
HC-06 is a Slave only device. (It looks physically just like the HC-05).(Note: Now
HC-06 not cheaper)
These small ( 3 cm long) modules run on 3.3V power with 3.3V signal levels,
They have no pins and usually solder to a larger board. (See example below)
The module has two modes of operation, Command Mode where we can send
AT commands to it and Data Mode where it transmits and receives data to
another Bluetooth module.
"Breakout" Boards that make these easy to use are available and recommended.
These mount the sub-module like that shown on the right on a slightly larger
board. NOTE: Sellers often label them "HC-05" or "HC-06", but they have some
other model number on the reverse side. Most of these boards support operation
at 5V power and interface to 5V Arduino signal levels with some technique of
level shifting. A typical "breakout" board is shown below:
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20
VCC: +5 Power
TXD: Transmit Serial Data from HC-05 to Arduino Serial Receive. NOTE: 3.3V
HIGH level: OK for Arduino
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PIN DIAGRAM
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The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port
and interrupt system to continue functioning.
ARCHITECTURE OF 89C52
PORT 0:
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port each
pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be
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PORT 2:
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins
they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because
of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches
from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory
that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX A,@DPTR). In this application it uses strong
internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that
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uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX A,@RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special
Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some
control signals during Flash programming and verification.
PORT 3:
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they
are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port
3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the
pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the
AT89C52 as listed below:
Alternate functions of port 3
RST:
RST means RESET; 89C52 uses an active high
reset pin. It must go high for two machine cycles. The simple RC circuit used
here will supply voltage (Vcc) to reset pin until capacitance begins to charge. At a
threshold of about 2.5V, reset input reaches a low level and system begin to run.
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ALE/PROG:
Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address
during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input
(PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a
constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing
or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each
access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by
setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a
MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the
ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.
PSEN:
Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.
When the AT89C52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is
activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are
skipped during each access to external data memory.
EA/VPP:
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable
the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at
OOOOH up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be
internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to Vcc for internal program
executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (Vpp)
during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt Vpp.
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XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit
XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
T2: External count input to Timer/Counter 2, Clock out.
T2EX: Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & direction control.
THE ON-CHIP OSCILLATORS
Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting a resonant network to form
an oscillator. The crystal frequency is basic internal clock frequency. The
maximum and minimum frequencies are specified from 1to 24MHZ.
Program instructions may require one, two or four machine
cycles to be
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MEMORY ORGANISATION
Internal Memory:
The 89C52 has internal RAM and ROM memory for the functions.
Additional memory can be added externally using suitable circuits. This has a
Hardware architecture, which uses the same address, in different memories, for
code and data.
Internal RAM:
The 256-byte internal RAM. The upper 128 bytes occupy a parallel
address space to the Special Function Registers. Instructions that use indirect
addressing access the upper 128 bytes of RAM. Stack operations are examples
of indirect addressing.
Internal Data Memory addresses are always one byte wide, which implies
an address space of only 256 bytes. However, the addressing modes for internal
RAM can in fact accommodate 384 bytes, using a simple trick. Direct addresses
higher than 7FH access one memory space, and indirect addresses higher than
7FH access a different memory space. Thus Figure shows the Upper 128 and
SFR space occupying the same block of addresses, 80H through FFH, although
they are physically separate entities.
The Lower 128 bytes of RAM are present in all 89C52 devices as mapped in
Figure. The lowest 32 bytes are grouped into 4 banks of 8 registers. Program
instructions call out these registers as R0 through R7.
Two bits in the Program Status Word (PSW) select which register bank is
in use. This allows more efficient use of code space, since register instructions
are shorter than instructions that use direct addressing. The next 16 bytes above
the register banks form a block of bit addressable memory space. The 89C52
instruction set includes a wide selection of single-bit instructions, and the 128 bits
in this area can be directly addressed by these instructions. The bit addresses in
this area are 00H through 7FH. All of the bytes in the Lower 128 can be
accessed by either direct or indirect addressing.
The Upper 128 can only be accessed by indirect addressing. SFRs include the
Port latches, timers, peripheral controls, etc. These registers can only be
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accessed by direct addressing. Sixteen addresses in SFR space are both byteand bit-addressable. The bit-addressable SFRs are those whose address ends in
OH or 80H.
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32
len
FEATURES:
of
Interface
16
20
24
an
40
ch
Numerous instructions
cte
are
sta
33
ard
on
tw
triggered
Shift.
at power
ON.
oscillator.
2.3.5 RELAY:
A relay is
Many
relays
use
by
one
signal.
The
first
relays
were
used
in
long
distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from
one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively
in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control
power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to
perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and
sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from
overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are
performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".
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Magnetic latching relays require one pulse of coil power to move their
contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to move them back.
Repeated pulses from the same input have no effect. Magnetic latching relays
are useful in applications where interrupted power should not be able to transition
the contacts.
FIG 1.17:RELAY
Magnetic latching relays can have either single or dual coils. On a single
coil device, the relay will operate in one direction when power is applied with one
polarity, and will reset when the polarity is reversed. On a dual coil device, when
polarized voltage is applied to the reset coil the contacts will transition. AC
controlled magnetic latch relays have single coils that employ steering diodes to
differentiate between operate and reset common
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CHAPTER-3
MAKING OF PCB
3.1: INTRODUCTION
One of the most discouraging things about making a hardware project is
building the printed circuit board-PCB.it is sometimes possible to use strip board
or some other pre-fabricated board but more often than not the circuit complexity
and performance requires a proper PCB to be made .The good news is that due
to improvements in printing and processing technologies it is now relatively easy
to make inexpensive high quality PCBs at home.
WARNING-Making PCBs requires the use of Ferric Chloride(FeCi3) which is
corrosive so avoid skin and eye contact .Remember safety-first so, use glasses,
gloves and protective overalls .Ferric Chloride is also very good at distorting
cloths weeks after you think you have washed it off. If you do get any on your
skin then wash it off immediately with lots of water and soap.
3.2: THE ARTWORK
The first stage is to transfer the circuit layout from the PC to the special
Press-n-Peel film. Put the film in the laser printer so that the print will appear on
it. This will produce a contact print where the black image will end up as copper
on the final PCB. Now to transfer the artwork to the Copper board by following
the instructions with the Press-n-Peel film:
Clean the copper board very well with the PCB cleaning rubber.
Heat the cloths iron to 300 deg F.
Hole the film with the print in contact to the copper and smoothly iron the film
down until the print appears black through the film (about 1min).
Allow 5min to cool down (or speed up this with water) then peel the film off.
This should produce a clean black print on to the copper. If you let the film move
or overheat then you will find that the tracks and writing will be smeared and out
of focus also the film may be wrinkled up. If you dont use enough heat or heat
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unevenly then the film may not stick or to be dark enough. In either case clean off
the PCB and try again, you should get it right after a couple of goes.
3.3: THE ETCHING
Etching the PCB is to remove the unwanted copper.
Dilute the concentrated Ferric Chloride fluid with water (1:1) and pour into the
one liter glass jar.
Put the PCB copper side up on the top tray and pour all Ferric Chloride on top.
Gently rock the top tray to keep the etch fluid moving avoiding spillage.
After about 15min all of the unwanted copper disappears.
Remove the board and drop it into a bucket of cold water to clean off.
3.4: DRILLING
Drilling with 0.8mm drill bits can be bit tricky as it is easy to break the drill bits.
Always hold the drill straight and do not bend it when the hole has started .Using a
0.8mm PCB drill bit, drill out all of the component holes that are required. So, now the
PCB is finished and it is ready to solder.
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CHAPTER-4
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 SOFT WARES USED:
1. Assembly language for 8051
2. 8051 Cross compiler
3. Universal Programmer soft ware
4. ORCAD for PCB designing and layout.
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40
41
42
43
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Full keyboard in real time or use your phones predictive text then send as text or
as a command.
Touchpad with scroll which can be used as basic mouse control or as seek
control.
Big D-pad so you can keep your eyes on the big screen.
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CHAPTER-5
RESULT
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FIG:LIGHT IS ON
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FIG:FAN IS ON
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CHAPTER-6
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
6.1 ADVANTAGES:
Small in size.
Easy to operate from a remote place.
Cost of manufacture is very less.
Flexibility of using in various applications.
6.2 APPLICATIONS:
After some small modifications made, the same kit can find many applications.
Automation in industries ,house hold appliances etc
Also used in a remote areas where the facility of Cell network is provided.
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REFERENCES
The information required for developing the project and presenting the report is
gathered from:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Applications by
Kenneth J Ayala.
2. Fundamentals Of Digital Signal Processing By Robert. J. Schilling and Sandra. L
.Harris, Thomson
3. MCS51 series authorized manual.
OTHER REFERENCES:
1. http://www.atmel.com
2. http://www.aplus.com
3. http://www. I2C protocols
4. http://www.alldatasheets.com
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