The main course objectives are to give Knowledge on the principles underlying the design of basic machine

components.
Knowledge on the specifications of basic machine components.
The contents of the course are Flexible mechanical power transmission components

- Belts & Pulleys

- Chains and sprockets

Rigid mechanical power transmission components
- power screws
Threaded fasteners
Springs (Helical compression, Helical extension & Leaf spring)

Shafts and Gears

Rolling element bearings & Lubrication

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts)

Pg. 1 of 12

KAMARLTDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 2 of 12

Crowned pulley

V-belt & Sheave

Sprocket & Belt

Crowned pulleys are used for flat belts.

Grooved pulleys or sheaves are used for Round & V belts
Sprockets are for timing belts
-

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 3 of 12

sin-'

Nonienclature

D = diameter of large pulley

d = diameter of small pulley
C = centre distance
0 = angle of contact or angle of wrap
KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 4 of 12

Open belts

The belt length L, is given by

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 5 of 12

8 = IT

D-t.d
+ 2 sin- , 2C

L = d 4 c 2 - ( D + d l 2 ++ ( D + d ) e

Crossed belts
A similar set of equations can be applied for the crossed belts
But the angle of wrap is the same for both pulleys

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 6 of 12

Where Fc

mr L co L , It is useful to write Eq (17 - 7) as

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts)

Pg. 7 of 12

Where (F,), = allowable largest tension, N

b = belt width, mm

Fa = manufacturer's allowed tension, Nlmm

CP = pulley correction factor (Table 17-4)
C, = velocity correction factor (Figure 17-9)
KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 8 of 12

The Steps in analyzing a belt drive include

1. Find exp fd from belt-drive geometry and friction
2. From belt geometry and speed find F,.
3. From T = Hn,&sn/(2m) find necessary torque.
4. Find torque T find necessary (Fl), - F2 = 2T/D
( h)
5. Find F2 from (Fl), [(Fl), - FJ
6 . From equation (i) find the necessary initial tension Fi
7. Check for the friction development, f <f.Use Eq. (17-7) solved for f:
-

8. Find the factor of safety from nf, = Ha I (HnomKs)

KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts)

Pg. 9 of 12

>:+

?*".

A$'

x >"a'"

Example 17-1
A polyamide A-3 flat belt 150 mm wide is used to transmit 11 kW under
light shock conditions where K, = 1.25, and a factor of safety equal to
or greater than 1.Iis appropriate. The pulley rotational axes are
parallel and in the horizontal plane. The shafts are 2.4m apart. The
150-mm driving pulley rotates at 1750 revlmin in such a way that the
loose side is on top. The driven pulley is 450 mm in diameter. See
Figure 17-10. The factor of safety of safety is for unquantifiable exigencies.
a) Estimate the centrifugal tension FC and the torque T.
b) Estimate the allowable F,, F, Fi and allowable Ha.
Estimate the factor of safety. Is it satisfactory?
c)
Belt 150 rnm X 3.3 mm
11 kW
y = 11 W/m3

Figure 17-10
KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEN

2.4 m

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

d = 150mm,D=450mm
,

LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 10 of 12

(a)

@=8d=n-2sin

450 -150
2(2400 )

3.0165 rad

V = n(0.15)1750160 = 13.7 mls

w = y bt = II 000 (0.15) 0.0033 = 5.4 Nlm

From Table 17-2 Fa= 18kNlm. For polyamide belts C, = 1, and from Table 17-4
C, = 0.70. From Equation (17-12) the allowable largest belt tension (F,), is
KAMARUDJN SHEHABUDDEEN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 1 1 of 12

The combination F a F,, and Fi will transmit the design power of

(1 1)(I .25)(1.1) = 15.125 kW and protect the belt. We check the friction
development by solving Eq. (17-7) for f:

The belt is satisfactory and the maximum allowable belt tension

exists. If the initial tension is maintained, the capacity is the design
power of 15.125 kW.
KAMARUDIN SHEHABUDDEEIV MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN LECTURE 1 (Flat & Round Belts) Pg. 12 of 12