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"Mortician" and "Undertaker" redirect here. For the death metal band, see Mortician (band). For the
American professional wrestler, see The Undertaker. For other uses, see Undertaker (disambiguation).
Etymology
The term mortician is derived from the Latin word mort- (death) + -ician. In 1895, the trade
magazine The Embalmers' Monthly put out a call for a new name for the profession to distance itself
from the title undertaker, a term that was then perceived to have been tarnished by its association with
death. The term Mortician was the winning entry.[1] [2]
History
As the societal need to account for the dead and their survivors is as ancient as civilization itself, death
care is among the world's oldest professions. Ancient Egypt is a probable pioneer in supporting full-time
morticians; intentional mummification began c. 2600 BC, with the best-preserved mummies dating
to c. 1570 to 1075 BC. Specialized priests spent 70 full days on a single corpse. Only royalty, nobility
and wealthy commoners could afford the service, considered an essential part of accessing eternal
life.[3]
Across successive cultures, religion remained a prime motive for securing a body against decay and/or
arranging burial in a planned manner; some considered the fate of departed souls to be fixed and
unchangeable (e.g., ancient Mesopotamia) and considered care for a grave to be more important than
the actual burial.[4]
In Ancient Rome, wealthy individuals trusted family to care for their corpse, but funeral rites would
feature professional mourners: most often actresses who would announce the presence of the funeral
procession by wailing loudly. Other paid actors would don the masks of ancestors and recreate their
personalities, dramatizing the exploits of their departed scion. These purely ceremonial undertakers of
the day nonetheless had great religious and societal impact; a larger number of actors indicated greater
power and wealth for the deceased and their family.[5]
Modern ideas about proper preservation of the dead for the benefit of the living arose in the
European Age of Enlightenment. Dutch scientist Frederik Ruysch's work attracted the attention of
royalty and legitimized postmortem anatomy.[6] Most importantly, Ruysch developed injected substances
and waxes that could penetrate the smallest vessels of the body and seal them against decay.[5]
Employment opportunities
Mortuary science graduates may have to relocate to find jobs.[7]