ADMIXTURES

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 •improved quality

beneficial effects
Admixtures
ingredients other •Change in setting time
than water, proper use •enhanced frost and sulphate
aggregates, resistance
hydraulic cement, •control of strength development
and fibres that are •improved workability
added to the •enhanced finishability
concrete batch
immediately before
or during mixing. type and
amount of
cement
temperature
of concrete
and air water
Effectiveness content
of admixtures

admixtures cannot
compensate for bad practice Slump
and low quality materials mixing
time
 These
admixtures GGBFS materials
Typical
ground react
examples granulated chemically
blast-
chemical furnace slag
with
mineral Fly calcium
Natural ash hydroxide
or pozzolans released
supplementary cementing materials silica from the
fume hydration of
added to the concrete mix to Portland
improve the properties of concrete. cement to
form
•more economical cement
•reduce permeability compounds
inorganic •increase strength

Pozzolana: Variety of volcanic sand with burnt

pozzolanic granules resembling powdered brick: is a
siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material
latent which, when mixed with hydraulic limes and
hydraulic water, becomes a cement-like compound
capable of setting under water.

Hydraulic: Moved or operated or effected by liquid

 environmentally friendly
Fly the most commonly used
ash pozzolan in concrete

by product of coal fired

electric generating plants
improves strength
produced concrete is
denser, results in a
smoother surface with
sharper detail
Properties depend on type of coal burnt:
silicious fly ash calcareous fly ash
pozzolanic latent hydraulic
Action on Concrete
spherical shape of
particles reduces internal
friction
Increases concrete's
consistency and mobility
longer pumping distances

is an inexpensive replacement Improved workability

for Portland cement (upto
60%) used in concrete less water
is also used as an ingredient in
brick, block, paving, and less segregation of mixture
structural fills.
 improves workability
GGBFS
ground
granulated lower relative density of slag
blast-
furnace the increase in paste volume
slag
decreases the water demand
by product of steel
production
(the granular material Setting times increases as slag
formed when molten content increases.
iron blast furnace slag
is rapidly chilled by
immersion in water) relatively higher fineness of slag
used to partially rate and quantity of bleeding is
replace Portland less than usual
cement (by up to
80% by mass) Slag does not contain carbon
has latent hydraulic may cause instability and air loss
properties in concrete.
 silica or condensed silica HRM highly processed
fume fume or microsilica High reactive alumina-
reactivity silicate pozzolan
finely divided by- Metakaolin
product of
production of
Concrete strength and
silicon and
durability similar to silica
ferrosilicon alloys
fume concrete
similar to fly ash, but particle size 100 Increased Compressive and Flexural
times smaller Strength

higher surface to volume ratio Reduced Permeability & Efflorescence

much faster pozzolanic reaction. Increased resistance to Chemical

attacks
reduces permeability
Reduced Shrinkage
helps in protecting reinforcing steel
from corrosion. bright white in colour

improves compressive strength, bond preferred choice where appearance is

strength, and abrasion resistance important
 admixtures •Reduce cost of
added to the concrete construction
concrete to •Modify properties of
mineral give it certain hardened concrete
chemical characteristics
not obtainable •to ensure the quality
with plain of concrete during
concrete mixes mixing, transporting,
placing, and curing
different types of chemical admixtures
as covered in BIS IS 9103 : 1999

Water-
Retarding reducing
Accelerating Air-
entraining
•corrosion inhibition
•shrinkage reduction
Super- •alkali-silica reactivity reduction
specialty
plasticizing •workability enhancement
category
•Bonding
•Used in paints to improve
properties
 improves workability

Accelerators Earlier removal of formworks

/water
Accelerating reducers-
admixtures plasticizers. reduce potential damage risks
due to freezing

examples: Pure castings in low temperatures

Calcium chloride, accelerators
thiocyanate salts, either for
alkanolamines, setting or for Possibility of earlier finishing of
sulfates, nitrates, hardening of
the concrete concrete floor slabs (especially in
formates
low temperatures)

reduced labour costs

used to increase
alternatively:
Accelerated hydration
•the rate of concrete setting
increased hydration heat release
•the early strength
development through
CALCIUM earlier strength development
SULPHOALUMINATE
accelerated hardening
 the admixture forms a film around the
delay cement, preventing/ slowing the
hydration of reaction with water
cement
Retarding without thickness of film dictates the rate of
affecting the
Admixtures long-term
hydration

mechanical after a while film breaks down and

properties normal hydration proceeds

unrefined calcium, used in hot weather conditions in order to

sodium, NH4, salts of overcome accelerating effects of higher
lignosulfonic acids, temperatures and large masses of
hydrocarboxylic concrete on concrete setting time
organic acids, and
carbohydrates. Used to avoid complications when
unavoidable delays between mixing and
placing occur.
oxides of lead
and zinc,
prevent prestressed concrete in contact
inorganic phosphates,
with the strand from setting before
magnesium salts,
vibrating operations are completed.
fluorates and
borates.
Most retarders also act as water reducers
 Water
Reducing
/ Plasticizing
Admixtures
USES
1. Added to concrete to
achieve certain workability
(slump) at a lower w/c than that
of control concrete.
2. To obtain specified strength at
lower cement content.
3. They also improve the
properties of concrete
containing marginal- or low-
quality.
COMPOSITION
• salts and modifications of hydroxylized
carboxylic acids.
• modifications of lignosulfonic acids
(lignins).
•polymeric materials.
WORKING + EFFECTS
Deflocculates tied up particles and
releases tied up water.
•Reduces water demand (upto
10%)
•also retards the setting time of the
concrete.
• Increases in compressive strength
are as much as 25%.
• Increases Freeze-thaw resistance
and other durability aspects.
 or high range water reducing admixtures

Super- synthetic, water-soluble organic chemicals that

significantly reduce the amount of water
plasticizing needed to achieve a given consistence in fresh
concrete.

superplasticizers improves the

utilized in two ways:
•To reduce water content
for increased strength and
reduced permeability /
improved durability
workability of concrete
to reduce water requirements 12-
25% without affecting the
workability leads to production of
high-strength concrete and lower
permeability

•As a cement dispersant at Use of superplasticizers in air-

the same water content to entrained concrete can produce
increase consistence and coarser-than-normal air-void
workability retention systems
 organic additives, which enable the
Air- bubbles to be stabilized or
entraining entrained within the fresh concrete

AIR ENTRAINMENT
process whereby many small air bubbles are
incorporated into concrete and become part of
the matrix that binds the aggregate together in the
hardened concrete.

air bubbles dispersed uniformly through the cement

paste increase the freeze-thaw durability of
concrete.

ADVANTAGES
increase in freeze-thaw and scaling resistances

concrete is more workable

reduces bleeding and segregation of fresh concrete.

 chemical compound, either liquid or
corrosion powder, which effectively decreases
or minimizes the corrosion of steel
inhibitors reinforcement
specialty
category

work for many years after concrete has set, increase

corrosion resistance to reduce risk of rusting steel
causing the concrete to crack and scale.
ACTION
Extend time before corrosion begins

create a protective barrier that stabilizes the rust layer

surrounding steel

Provide thin protective coating that prevents chlorides

from reacting with the steel

Corrosion due to provide inhibitors that react with iron to reduce

chloride action corrosion by acting as oxygen barrier.
 or water resisting admixtures

Water reduce either the surface absorption into the

proofing concrete and / or the passage of water
specialty through the hardened concrete
category

improve pumpability,
Reduce absorption and water Pumping thicken the paste, and
permeability by acting on the aids reduce separation and
capillary structure of the cement bleeding
paste

Do not reduce water penetrating Pigments used to

through cracks or through poorly change the colour of
Colouring
compacted concrete concrete
Agents

create a bond
Bonding between new/ Antifreeze
accelerators used in admixtures
Agents fresh concrete
very high doses to
with old/ set
achieve a very fast set-
concrete
time
 Increase cohesion and retard the setting of mortar for
Ready-to- masonry, allowing it to be delivered to a building site by
use mortar ready-mix in large volumes that can still be used within its
admixtures working life.

prevent the formation of the damaging gel. These

react preferentially with the cement alkalis without
Alkali-silica formation of an expansive pressure
reactivity
control COMMON EXAMPLES:
admixtures pozzolan, silica fume, fly
ash, or Metakaolin.

The Alkali-Silica Reaction occurs over time in concrete between the highly
alkaline cement paste and reactive non-crystalline (amorphous) silica

ASR causes the formation of a swelling gel which increases in volume with water
and exerts an expansive pressure inside the material, causing spalling and loss of
strength of the concrete, finally leading to its failure.
 or underwater admixtures
Anti- Concrete that is placed under water may be subject to
washout washout during placing and before it hardens. These
admixtures admixtures stabilise the mix, increasing cohesion and
reducing the washout.

Concrete is known to be brittle and weak in tension and develops cracks during
curing, due to thermal expansion and contraction over a period of time.

Recron© 3s is a speciality secondary reinforcement

Recron which Controls Cracking , Reduces Water Permeability,
Reduces Rebound Loss and Brings Direct Saving &
3s Gain and Increases Flexibility
APPLICATIONS
•PCC & RCC, plastering
•Shotcrete & Ginniting
•Slabs, Footings, foundations, walls and tanks
•Pipes, burial vaults, pre-stressed beams etc
•Concrete blocks, Railway slippers, Manhole covers & tiles etc
•Roads & pavements
•Bridges and dams
 1. A cube of 10x10x10 weighs less than a
Lightweight kilogram.
Concrete 2. The constituents are flyash, lime,
gypsum, aluminium powder and
cement.

PROPERTIES
lighteweight. Preparation.
High thermal insulation
Fire resistant 1. The mixture is put into a mould 9mts
Energy efficient long and is compacted under high
Low maintainance pressure.
Eco-friendly 2. Bitumen Solution coated steel
reinforcement nets are positioned in
the mould before casting.
3. The Mould is filled to 2/3rd of its height
and after the process it attains the total
height of the mould.