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Handshake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the telecommunications concept, see Handshaking.
Two men shaking hands
A handshake is a short ritual in which two people grasp one of each other's like
hands, in most cases accompanied by a brief up and down movement of the grasped
hands.
Using the right hand is generally considered proper etiquette. Customs surroundi
ng handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less l
ikely to shake hands, or there may be different customs about how or when to sha
ke hands. Handshakes are known to spread germs.[1][2][3]
Contents [hide]
1
History
2
Contemporary customs
3
Germ spreading
4
Chemosignaling
5
Records
6
See also
7
References
8
External links
History[edit]
Hera and Athena handshaking, late 5th century BC, Acropolis Museum, Athens
Archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that handshaking was practiced in an
cient Greece as far back as the 5th century BC; a depiction of two soldiers shak
ing hands can be found on part of a 5th-century BC funerary stele on display in
the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (stele SK1708)[4][unreliable source?] and other fune
rary steles like the one of the 4th century BC which depicts Thraseas and his wi
fe Euandria handshaking (see images on the right).[5] The handshake is thought b
y some to have originated as a gesture of peace by demonstrating that the hand h
olds no weapon.[6][7][8]
Pictures: Handshaking depicted on historic artifacts
Hoplite greeting an older man with slave carrying the aspis
Funerary stele of Thrasea and Euandria. Marble, ca. 375-350 BC. Antikensammlung
Berlin, Pergamon Museum, 738
Antiochus I Theos of Commagene, shaking hands with Heracles 70 38 BC, Arsameia.
Contemporary customs[edit]
Shaking with the right hand while delivering a certificate with the left
Tennis players shaking hands after match
Public image consultant lvaro Gordoa demonstrates handshaking technique at a pres
entation at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City

Leaders welcome a boy into Scouting, March 2010, Mexico City, Mexico. Note the l
eft-handed handshake.
There are various customs surrounding handshakes, both generically and specific
to certain cultures:
The handshake is commonly done upon meeting, greeting, parting, offering congrat
ulations, expressing gratitude, or completing an agreement. In sports or other c
ompetitive activities, it is also done as a sign of good sportsmanship. Its purp
ose is to convey trust, respect, balance, and equality. If it is done to form an
agreement, the agreement is not official until the hands are parted [9]
Unless health issues or local customs dictate otherwise, usually a handshake is
made with bare hands. However, it depends on the situation.[10]
In Anglophone countries, in business situations. In casual non-business situatio
ns, men are more likely to shake hands than women.[11]
In The Netherlands and Belgium, handshakes are done more often, especially on me
etings.[12][13]
In Switzerland, it may be expected to shake the women's hands first.[12]
Austrians shake hands when meeting, often including with children.[12]
In Russia, a handshake is rarely performed by opposite sexes. Men shaking hands
with women can be considered impolite, since hand-kissing is preferred[citation
needed] as a ritual for greeting a lady. However, kissing the hand is considered
unsuitable for business situations.
In some countries such as Turkey or the Arabic-speaking Middle East, handshakes
are not as firm as in the West. Consequently, a grip which is too firm will be c
onsidered as rude.[12] Hand shaking between men and women is not encouraged in c
ountries where the majority religion is Islam.
Moroccans also give one kiss on each cheek (to corresponding genders) together w
ith the handshake. Also, in some countries, a variation exists where instead of
kisses, after the handshake the palm is placed on the heart.[14]
In China, where a weak handshake is also preferred, people shaking hands will of
ten hold on to each other's hands for an extended period after the initial hands
hake.[12]
In Japan, it is appropriate to let the Japanese initiate the handshake, and a we
ak handshake is preferred.[12]
In India and several nearby countries, the respectful Namaste gesture, sometimes
combined with a slight bow, is traditionally used in place of handshakes. Howev
er, handshakes are preferred in business and other formal settings.
In Norway, where a firm handshake is preferred, people will most often shake han
ds when agreeing on deals, both in private and business relations.[12]
In South Korea, a senior person will initiate a handshake, where it is preferred
to be weak. It is a sign of respect to grasp the right arm with the left hand w
hen shaking hands. It is also considered rude or disrespectful to have your free
hand in your pocket while shaking hands.[12]
Related to a handshake but more casual, some people prefer a fist bump. Typicall
y the fist bump is done with a clenched hand. Only the knuckles of the hand are
typically touched to the knuckles of the other persons hand. Like a handshake th
e fist bump may be used to acknowledge a relationship with another person. Howev
er, unlike the formality of a handshake, the fist bump is typically not used to
seal a business deal or in formal business settings.
The hand hug is a type of handshake popular with politicians, as it can present
them as being warm, friendly, trustworthy and honest. This type of handshake inv
olves covering the clenched hands with the remaining free hand, creating a sort
of "cocoon."[15]
Another version popular with politicians is a "photo-op handshake" in which, aft
er the initial grasp both individuals turn to face present photographers and cam
era men and stay this way for several seconds.
Scouts will shake hands with their left hand as a gesture of trust, which origin

ated when the founder of the movement, Lord Baden-Powell of Gillwell, then a Bri
tish cavalry officer, met an African tribesman.
In some areas of Africa, handshakes are continually held to show that the conver
sation is between the two talking. If they are not shaking hands, others are per
mitted to enter the conversation.
Masai men in Africa greet themselves by a subtle touch of palms of their hands f
or a very brief moment of time.
In Liberia, the snap handshake is customary, where the two shakers snap their fi
ngers against each other at the conclusion of the handshake
Germ spreading[edit]
Handshakes are known to spread countless germs. Certain diseases such as scabies
spread the most through direct skin-to-skin contact. A medical study has found
that fist bumps and high fives spread fewer germs than handshakes.[1][2]
In light of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the dean of medicine at the University of Ca
lgary, Tomas Feasby, suggested that the fist bump may be a "nice replacement of
the handshake" in an effort to prevent transmission of the virus.[3]
Chemosignaling[edit]
It has been discovered as a part of a research in the Weizmann Institute, that h
uman handshakes serve as a means of transferring social chemical signals between
the shakers. It appears that there is a tendency to bring the shaken hands to t
he vicinity of the nose and smell them. They may serve an evolutionary need to l
earn about the person whose hand was shaken, replacing a more overt sniffing beh
avior, as is common among animals and in certain human cultures (such as Tuvalu,
Greenland or rural Mongolia, where a quick sniff is part of the traditional gre
eting ritual). [16]
Records[edit]
Atlantic City, New Jersey Mayor Joseph Lazarow was recognized by the Guinness Bo
ok of World Records for a July 1977 publicity stunt, in which the mayor shook mo
re than 11,000 hands in a single day, breaking the record previously held by Pre
sident Theodore Roosevelt, who had set the record with 8,510 handshakes at a Whi
te House reception on 1 January 1907. This had already been broken, in 1963, by
Lance Dowson in Wrexham, N.Wales who shook 12,500 individuals hands in 10 1/2 ho
urs. This was recognised by the Guinness World Records Organisation and publishe
d in their 1964 publication.[citation needed] On the 31 August 1987 Stephen Pott
er from St Albans Round table shook 19,550 hands at the St Albans Carnival to ta
ke the World record for shaking most hands verified by the Guinness Book of reco
rds. The record has since been exceeded but has been retired from the book. Step
hen Potter still holds the British and European record.
On Memorial Day 2008, two friends from Muscatine, Iowa, Kevin Whittaker and Cory
Jens set the Guinness World Record for the world's longest handshake at 9 hours
and 30 minutes in San Francisco, CA.[17] On 21 September 2009, Jack Tsonis and
Lindsay Morrison broke the Guinness World Record for the world's longest handsha
ke, shaking hands for 12 hours, 34 minutes and 56 seconds.[18] This record was b
roken less than a month later in Claremont, California, when John-Clark Levin an
d George Posner shook hands for 15 hours, 15 minutes, and 15 seconds. The next m
onth, on 21 November, Matthew Rosen and Joe Ackerman surpassed this feat, with a
new world record time of 15 hours, 30 minutes and 45 seconds.[19] certified in
the latest edition of the Guinness Book of Records on page 111. At 8pm EST on Fr
iday 14 January 2011 the latest attempt at the longest hand-shake commenced in N
ew York Times Square and the existing record was smashed [20] by semi-profession
al world record-breaker Alastair Galpin[21][22] and Don Purdon from New Zealand
and Nepalese brothers Rohit and Santosh Timilsina who agreed to share the new re
cord after 33 hours and 3 minutes.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Dap greeting

Fist bump
Namaste
Golden handshake
Greeting habits
Handshake Man
Handshaking lemma
Holding hands
Scout handshake
Secret handshake
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Los Angeles Times (28 July 2014). "Fist bumps, high-fives spre
ad fewer germs than handshakes, study says". latimes.com. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b ABC News. "Attention Germaphobes: A Less Icky Alternative to t
he Handshake". ABC News. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Fist bump can pound out flu transmission Archived 20 January 2
011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Chris (27 August 2009). "Handshake
Priest and two soldiers, 50
0BC. Pergamon Museum Berlin (SK1708)". Picasa Web Albums. Google. Retrieved 4 Se
ptember 2011.
Jump up ^ Busterson, Philip A. Social Rituals of the British.
Jump up ^ "Dear Uncle Ezra Questions for Tuesday, April 3, 2007". Cornell Univer
sity. 3 April 2007. Question 8. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011.
Retrieved 4 September 2011. There are many conflicting theories about the origi
n of the handshake. It seems that the most common one involves the evidence of t
he lack of a weapon in the right hand, which normally bears a weapon. It is show
n to be empty by its connectedness to the opposite person's hand.[full citation
needed]
Jump up ^ Evergreen.edu 4 December 2002[unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ csun.edu -28 August 2002[unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ "Shaking hands with women". GQ.com. Cond Nast Digital. 2000. Retrieved