Final Study Guide - U.S.

History
People
1. Emperor Hirohito
Fate after WWII
Remained emperor, but was only a symbol of the state
Power went to elected representatives
2. General MacArthur
Desired plans for the Korean War
MacArthur wanted to expand the war against China
Asked for a blockade of Chinese ports and bombing of Chinese cities
3. President Eisenhower
Views on Segregation
Sympathized with the goals of the civil rights movement
Believed segregation had to end gradually
Type of aid to Vietnam
Sent military aid to Vietnam
4. Martin Luther King Jr.
Letters from a Birmingham Jail
One of the most eloquent defenses of nonviolent protest ever written
Protestors were breaking the law, but were following a higher moral law
Philosophical influences
Mohandas Gandhi - nonviolent resistance
March on Washington
200,000 demonstrators flocked to the capitol
King gave his I Have a Dream speech
5. Ng nh Dim
Political/Religious affiliations
Pro-western, fiercely anti-communist
Catholic
6. Adolf Hitler
Blame for Germanys loss of WWI
Used blame to gain power and start WWII
7. President Roosevelt
Destroyers for bases program
Roosevelt sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain in exchange for the right to build
American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the
Caribbean

The Neutrality Act did not apply.

8. Rosenbergs
Crimes/Punishments
Heading a Soviet spy ring
Sharing secrets about the atomic bomb
Condemned to death for espionage
9. President Truman
Cause for firing MacArthur
Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination in April 1951
10. President Nixon
Checkers Speech
Reports surfaced that Richard Nixon had received gifts from California business leaders
In a nationwide speech broadcast on radio and television, Nixon insisted the funds had
been used for legitimate political purposes
He did admit that his family had kept one gift, a cocker spaniel puppy named Checkers
Won praise from much of the public and kept Nixon on the ticket
Affect of decision to invade Cambodia
Many viewed the Cambodian invasion as a widening of the war, and it set off many
protests
Cost Nixon significant congressional support
11. President Kennedy
New Frontier
Legislative agenda
Hoped to increase aid to education, provide health insurance to the elderly, create a
Department of Urban Affairs, and help migrant workers
Space Race
I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is
out, of landing a man on the moon.
Apollo - the largest and most powerful rocket ever built
Religious affiliation
Catholic
12. Rosa Parks
Actions/Effects
Refused to give up bus seat
Montgomery bus boycott began in Alabama
13. President Johnson
Concerns of a full-scale invasion of North Vietnam
North Vietnam was allied with the USSR and China
We seek no wider war

Terms
14. Appeasement
Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
15. Warren Commission
In 1964 a national commission headed by Chief Justice Warren concluded that Lee
Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy
16. Tt Offensive
Guerrilla fighters attacked virtually all American airbases in South Vietnam and most of
the Souths major cities and provincial capitals
Militarily, Tt turned out to be a disaster for the Communist forces
17. Nye Committee
Documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war
The report created the impression that these businesses influenced the U.S. decision to go
to war
Turned more Americans toward isolationism