Structural

PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying
space frame. (NSCP 208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
period less than or equal to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental
period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal
outside diameter of not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be
available for inspection during the progress of work and _______
years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the
inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)
The minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars
(NSCP 407.30)
The minimum bend diameter for 28mm through 36mm bars
(NSCP 407.30)
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must
be db but not less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members,
clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than?
(NSCP 407.7.3)
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary
flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times
wall or slab thickness nor farther than? (NSCP 407.7.5)
Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as
one unit shall be united to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP
407.7.6.1)
Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams:
(NSCP 407.7.6.3)
Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of
flexural members shall terminate at different points with at least
____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed
to earth: (NSCP 407.8.1)
The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab:
(NSCP 407.8.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for
flexure without axial loads: (NSCP 409.2.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for
shear and torsion: (NSCP 409.4.2.3)
The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported
at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous
slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2)
Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410.8.10)
Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear
span ratio greater than: (NSCP 307.4.2)
Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of
non-prestressed member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)
Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less
than: (NSCP 412.3.1)
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or
eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit
lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements:
Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure:
In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of
________% of floor live load shall be applicable for storage and
warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)
The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______%
slope. (NSCP 302.2.2)
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Bearing wall system

Rigid component
Flexible component
200 mm
2 years
6 db
8 db
25mm
1.50 db
450 mm
4
36 mm
40 db
75 mm
20 mm
0.90'
0.85'
L / 20
L / 24
L / 28
L / 10
0.40'
0.75'
d/2
300 mm
Braced Frame
Diaphragm
Moment resisting frame
25%
50%
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the
excavation shall notify in writing the owner of the adjoining building
not less than _____days before such excavation is to be made. (NSCP
302.2.4)
Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than
____% slope (NSCP 302.3.1)
The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
boundary line: (NSCP 302.4.3)
The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site
boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3)
In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not
embedded in poured footings, the sand shall be thoroughly
compacted by tamping in layers not more than _____mm in depth?
(NSCP 305.7.3)
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column
not embedded in poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate
strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on
soils, they shall be completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover
shall be at least _____mm on the bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon
wood sills or steel plates placed directly upon the ground surface,
provided soil pressure does not exceed ____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates
or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the
Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to
seismic forces shall be interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be
capable of resisting in tension or compression a minimum horizontal
force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP
306.20)
Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally
supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be
_____times the average diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive
strength Fc of not less than ______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength
Fc of not less than _____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)
The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast
concrete pile center to center. (NSCP 307.5.1)
Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified
compressive strength Fc of not less than ____Mpa.
The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be?
(NSCP 307.6.3)
Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy?
Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to
what type of occupancy?
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
to what type of occupancy?
Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or
explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category?
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
live load only. (NSCP 107.2.2)
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with
dead load and live load only.
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least
_______times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least
______times the overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)
2/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
10 days
50%
0.60m
6.00 m
200 mm
15 mpa
150 mm
50 kpa
12 mm
16 mm
10%
1.50m
3,0 m
30 times
17.50 mpa
20 mpa
75 mm
35 mpa
250 mm
Essential facilities
Miscellaneous
occupancy
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
L / 360
L / 240
2 times
1. 5 times
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane
load, if powered monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel
load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine
the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)
The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically
powered trolleys shall be calculated as ______% of the sum of the
rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley.
(NSCP 206.9.4)
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge
cranes with hand geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the
max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5)
This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of
frame members induced by vertical loads acting on laterally
displaced building frame.
A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the
storey above is considered as __________.
Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are
necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations, are classified
as ___________.
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral
forces to the vertical resisting system including the horizontal bracing
system.
This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral
forces of a building.
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily
be pumped. What type of admixture in concrete the contractor will
provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and
produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very
little vibration
The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved
after the completion of the project for at least _________.
What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel?
A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with
aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air
pressure of lining tunnels.
If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no
longer useful for its intended function or to unsafe, it has reached its
__________.
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden
and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses
applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times.
The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression
assumes a deflected position.
It is a point within the structure at which a member
(beam/column) can rotate slightly to eliminate all bending moment
in the member at that point.
It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the
other end is projecting beyond a fixed support.
15. Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition
locations are subject to change shall be designed to support in
addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to
The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of
a structure or road slab caused by the presence of water.
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform
thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body,
with is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in
the head and the body.
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed
compactly to protect the banks or bed of a river from the eroding
effects of the flowing water.
A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded
plateshose thicknesses are small compared to
their other dimensions.
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
other horizontal forces on a building.
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or
other horizontal forces on a building.
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
25%
20%
10%
P-delta effect
Weak Storey
Essential Facilities
Diaphragm
Braced Frame
Plasticizer
2 years
7850 Kg
Shotcrete
Limit state
Metal Fatigue
Buckling load
Hinge
Semi-continuous beam
1000 pa
Uplift pressure
Eyebar
Riprap
Thin shell
Overturning moment
Sway brace
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads
on a platform consisting usually of two layers of rolled steel joists,
one on top of other, at right angles.
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to
reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not move. Common
methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to
collect water into which a pump is placed the liquid to the sewer
pipe.
It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges
in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam.
An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the
ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake.
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry
imposed loads when subjected to vibration such as earthquake
particularly when water table saturates this layer.
It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or
window to carry the wall over opening.
For any given granular material, the steepest angle with
horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that
will not slide.
An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____%
open. (NSCP 207)
Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean
roof height less than or equal to? (NSCP 207.20)
The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is
equal to? (NSCP 207.50)
The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal
to?
The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy
structures is equal to?
The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is
equal to?
Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
falls on what exposure category for wind
loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than
9M. Falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water
for a distance of at least 2 km falls on what exposure category for
wind loading?
Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with
numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single family
dwelling or larger falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?
In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual
strength test (average of 2 cylinders) falls below fc by more than
_______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)
Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed
_______times the least width b of compression flange or face.
(NSCP 410.5.10)
For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it
shall be permitted to take the radius of gyration equal to
_______times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is
being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20)
For members whose design is based on compressive force, the
slenderness ratio kL/r preferably should not exceed ________?
(NSCP 502.8.1)
For members whose design is based on tensile force, the
slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed _________.
For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area
of the pinhole for pin connected members is _________.
Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress
shall not exceed _______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)
4/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Grillage foundation
Soil Stabilization
Sump pit
Gerber beam
Seismometer
Liquefaction
Lintel beam
Angle of repose
80%
18 m
1.15
1,15
1
0.87
Exposure A
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure B
250
200
125
3.50 mpa
50 times
0.30
200
300
0.45 fy
0.60 fy
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the
pinhole parallel to the axis of the member shall not be less than
_______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4.2.1)
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to
provide for relative movement between connected parts while under
full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be more than
______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3)
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent
welds correctly two rolled shapes in contact for a built up section
shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not
exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.80)
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not
exceed ________.
For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members
with compact sections where the flanges continuously connected to
web the allowable bending stress is _________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non
compact section requirements of section 502.6, the allowable
bending stress is ________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be
spaced not more than ______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)
Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the
transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the
concrete flexural compressed stress and for construction without
temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength.
Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral
concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8)
The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.
The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along
the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.
Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag
bars and girts, shall be designed to support not less than ________Kn
of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)
The connections at ends of tension or compression members in
trusses shall develop the force due to the design load, but no less
than _______% at the effective strength of the member unless a
smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection.
(NSCP 510.2.5.1)
When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the
spacing of stud shear connector along the length of the supporting
beam or girder shall not exceed _______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater
than 20mm is ________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over
12mm to 20mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
A property of a material that enables it to undergo
plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the
elastic limit and before rupturing._____________is a
desirable property of structural material since plastic
material since plastic behavior is an indicator of
reserve strength and can serve as a visual warning of
impending failure.
In structural design ________________is considered
as wide shallow rectangular beam. The reinforcing
steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. The
flexural reinforcement of a one way slab extends in
one direction only.
It is an external shear force at a cross section of a
beam or other member subject to bending. Equal to
the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of
the section.
5/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
2/3.
0.80mm
600 mm.
140 mm
200 mm
.66 fy
.60 fy
300 mm
75%
25 mm
6 d of connector
8 d of connector
26.70 kn
50%
900 mm
8mm
3mm
6mm
ductility
one way slab
transverse shear
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
The structural term which critical point at which a
column carrying its critical buckling load, may either
buckle or remain undeflected. The column is
therefore in the state of neutral equilibrium.
In concrete protection for reinforcement
___________mm is the standard minimum thickness
for concrete covering not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground, such as slabs walls and joists.
An instrument for measuring minute deformation in
a test specimen caused by tension, compression,
bending or twisting. It is also called EXTENSOMETER.
For structural properties of A36 steel the maximum
allowable stress (Fb) for bending is.
It is a part of a beam that is thickened or deepened
to develop greater moment resistance.
The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping
its length in response to the moment and shear
values which typically vary along its longitudinal axis.
bifurcation
20mm
stain gauge
24 ksi
haunch
Program Evaluation
Review TechniqueCritical
Path Method
136 What is the meaning of PERT-CPM?

They maybe categorized as building or non building.
137 It is an assembleage designed to support gravity
loads and resist lateral forces.
It is a vertical pipe, often sheet metal, used to
138 conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the
ground. It is another term for down spout,
The area where water is pumped from within to
permit free access to the area. A temporary
watertight enclosure around an area of water or
139
water bearing soil, in which construction is to take
place, bearing on a stable statum at or above the
foundation level of new construction.
A membrane structure that is placed in tension and
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stabilized by the pressure of compresses air.
A steel beam fabricated by the dividing the web of a
wide flange section with a lengthwise section zigzag
141 cut, then welding both halves together at the peaks,
thus increasing its depth without increasing its
weight.
A structure of cables suspended and pre-stressed
142 between compression members to directly support
applied loads.
One pair of vertical angles fastened to each side of
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web plate to solidify it against buckling.
Integral part of a beam that forms a flat, rigid
144 connection between two broader, parallel parts, as
the flanges of the structural shape.
A high tension bolt having splined and twists off
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when required torque has been reached.
The oscillating, reciprocating or other periodic
146 motion of an elastic body or medium when forced
from a position or state of equilibrium.
Is a horizontal structural member in a timber-framed wall. resist lateral loads from wind
147 and support wall cladding
materials.
148 A brace fitted into a frame work to resist force in the direction of its length.
Is a structural element which divides adjacent window units, may also vertically divide
double doors, acts as a
structural member, and it carries the dead load of the weight above the opening and the
149 wind load acting on the
window unit back to the building structure. The term is also properly applied to very large
and deep structural
members in many curtain wall systems.
Is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically
150 a region bounded by a
closed curve.
6/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
structure
rainwater leader
coffer dam
net structure
castellated beam
suspension structure
stiffener
web
tension control bolt
Vibration
Girt
Struts
Mullion
Area
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
The stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic
deformation, causing it to deform
permanently.
In engineering mechanics, (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a
structural element subjected to an
external load applied perpendicular to the axis of the element.
Is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important
event. They are frequently used
to improve the appearance of a city or location.
A loads are weights of material, equipment or components that are relatively constant
throughout the structure's
life.
Are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural
design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point of
an element.
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
407.8.1)
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
158 A wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall
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In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the concrete shall
have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)
Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns is (
In engineering, buckling -is a failure mode characterized by a sudden failure of a
structural member subjected to high
compressive stresses, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less
than the ultimate
compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This mode of failure is
also described as failure due
to elastic instability.
What is known as the deformation in which parallel planes slide relative to each other so
as to remain parallel?
periodic reversal of stresses
elongation of material subject to axial force
deformation that accompanies bending of a beam
166 A column that is subjected to both direct axial stress and bending stress is known as?
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3
concrete column whose load capacity must be reduced, according

to code requirements, because of its slenderness
projected beyond it supports
state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced
What is known as an imaginary line in a beam, shaft, or other bending, where there is no
tension nor compression and where no deformation takes place?
Unit stress in a bar just before it breaks is called?
bending magnitude wherever the shear passes through zero
the product of the force and lever arms which tends to twist the body
unit stress at which deformation increases without any increase in
the load
tendency of one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to
an adjacent part
in the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted
under working loads by codes and specifications
It is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis.
state of rest or motion
ratio of the force applied to a structure to the corresponding
displacement
It is a method of concrete building construction in which floor (and roof) slabs are cast
usually at ground level and then raised into position by jacking.
concrete floor system which has no beam
It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP
208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal to
0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60
sec. (NSCP 208.20)
7/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Yield strength
Bending
Monument
Dead Load
Shear and bending
moment diagram
75mm
Braced frame
Shear
15 mpa
Class "A"
Buckling
Shear
fatigue
strain
deflection
eccentrically loaded
long column
cantilevered
equillibrium
neutral axis
ultimate strength
maximum moment
Torque
yield point
vertical shear
working stress
moment
inertia
stiffness
lift slab
flatslab
Bearing wall system
Rigid component
Flexible Component
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
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STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of
not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection
during the progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall
be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)
The minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars (NSCP 407.30)
The minimum bend diameter for 28mm through 36mm bars (NSCP 407.30)
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)
In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement
shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or slab thickness nor farther than?
(NSCP 407.7.5)
Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united to
___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 407.7.6.1)
Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams: (NSCP 407.7.6.3)
Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
terminate at different points with at least ____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)
Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP
407.8.1)
The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for flexure without axial loads:
(NSCP 409.2.1)
In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor for shear and torsion: (NSCP
409.4.2.3)
The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is:
(NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)
The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is: (NSCP
409.6.2)
The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2)
Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
(NSCP 410.8.10)
Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than:
(NSCP 307.4.2)
Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member
shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)
Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1)
Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)
Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting elements:
Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by
flexure:
200 mm
2 years
6 db
8 db
1.50 db
450 mm
4 pcs
36mm
40 db
75 mm
20 mm
0.9
0.85
L / 20
L / 24
L / 28
L / 10
0.4
0.75
d/2
300 mm
Braced Frame
Diaphragm
Moment Resisting
Frame
28
In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of ________% of floor live load
shall be applicable for storage and warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)
25%
29
The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______% slope. (NSCP 302.2.2)
50%
30
31
32
33
34
35
Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify
in writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than _____days before such
excavation is to be made. (NSCP 302.2.4)
Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than ____% slope (NSCP
302.3.1)
The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line: (NSCP
302.4.3)
The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3)
In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than
_____mm in depth? (NSCP 305.7.3)
In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured
footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP
305.7.3)
8/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
10 days
50%
.60 m
6 m.
200 mm
15 mpa
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
36
37
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be
completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____mm on the
bottom. (NSCP 305.8)
Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel plates
placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed
____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)
150 mm
50 kpa
38
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
12 mm
39
The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to
foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)
16 mm
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be
interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or compression
a minimum horizontal force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP
306.20)
Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)
The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be _____times the average
diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1
Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)
Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
_____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)
The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to
center. (NSCP 307.5.1)
Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of
not less than ____Mpa. (NSCP 307.5.1)
10%
1.50 m.
3.0 m
30 times
17.50 mpa
20 mpa
75 mm
35 mpa
48
The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3)
49
Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy?
50
Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy?
Misc. Occupancy
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall
to what type of occupancy?
Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or
substances fall to what type of category?
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. (NSCP
107.2.2)
The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load
only. (NSCP 104.2.2)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _______times the lateral
force. (NSCP 206.6)
Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least ______times the
overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)
As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered monorail
cranes are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by what
percent to determine the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)
The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be
calculated as ______% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of
the hoist and trolley. (NSCP 206.9.4)
The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand
geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the max. wheel load of the crane.
(NSCP 206.9.5
250 mm
Special Occupancy
Hazardous Facility
L / 360
L / 240
2 times
1.5 times
25%
20%
10%
60
An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____% open. (NSCP 207)
80%
61
Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than or
equal to? (NSCP 207.20)
18 m
62
The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50)
1.15
63
64
65
The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to?
The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to?
The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to?
Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.
falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)
1.15
1
0.87
66
9/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Exposure A
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what
exposure category for wind loading?
Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at
least 2 km falls on what exposure category for wind loading?
Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced
obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what exposure
category for wind loading?
In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual strength test (average of 2
cylinders) falls below fc by more than _______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)
Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed _______times the least width b
of compression flange or face. (NSCP 410.5.10)
For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to take
the radius of gyration equal to _______times the overall dimension of the direction of
stability is being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20
For members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio kL/r
preferably should not exceed ________?
For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r preferably
should not exceed _________.
For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area of the pinhole for pin
connected members is _________. (NSCP 504.4.1.1)
Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress shall not exceed
_______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)
For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the pinhole parallel to the axis of
the member shall not be less than _______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP
504.4.2.1)
For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative
movement between connected parts while under full load, the diameter of the pinhole
shall not be more than ______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP
504.4.2.3)
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure B
250 kph
200 kph
125 kph
3.50 mpa
50 times
0.3
200
300
.45 fy
0.60 fy
2/3
0.80mm
82
The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent welds correctly two
rolled shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)
600 mm
83
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed ________. (NSCP
505.5.80)
140 mm
84
The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not exceed ________.
200 mm
85
86
87
88
For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members with compact sections
where the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is
_________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)
For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non compact section
requirements of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is ________. (NSCP
506.4.1.1)
Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be spaced not more than
______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)
Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite
section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compressed stress and for
construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied
after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength
.66 fy
.60 fy
300 mm
75%
Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP
509.5.8)
The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
supporting composite beam is ____________.
The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
supporting composite beam is ____________. (NSCP 509.5.8)
6 dia. Of connector
92
Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars and girts, shall be
designed to support not less than ________Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)
26.7
93
The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop the
force due to the design load, but no less than _______% at the effective strength of the
member unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1)
89
90
91
10/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
25 mm
8 dia. Of connector
50
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the spacing of stud shear
94 connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed
_______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is
95
________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ________? (NSCP
96
510.3.3.2)
The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 12mm to 20mm is
97
________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of frame members induced
98
by vertical loads acting on laterally displaced building frame.
A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is
99
considered as __________.
Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency post100
earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
101
resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.
102 This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building.
103
104
105
106
107
Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What
type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the
requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and
needs very little vibration
The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of
the project for at least
What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel?
A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm
originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnels
If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended
function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________.
A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a
ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great
108
number of times.
??? act parallel to each other (offset to each other, a distance d apart), of the same
109 magnitude but ???
The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected
110 position.
111
It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to
eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point.
It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting
112 beyond a fixed support.
Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to
113 change shall be designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed
load equal to
The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab
114 caused by the presence of water.
The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged
loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide approximately
115
equal strength both in the head and the body.
A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the
116 banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water.
A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded
117 plateshose thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions.
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a
118 building.
11/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
900
8 mm
3 mm
6 mm
P- Delta Effect
Weak Storey
Diaphragm
Braced Frame
Plasticizer
2 years
7850 kg.
Shotcrete
Limit State
Metal Fatigue
Couple
Buckling Load
Hinge
Semi-Continous Beam
1000 pa
Uplift Pressure
Eyebar
Riparap
Thin Shell
Overturning Moment
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a
119
building
This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform consisting
120 usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles.
Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and
ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or
121
compaction
A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a
122 pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe.
123
An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a
stationary point during an earthquake
Sway Brace
Grillage Foundation
Soil Stabilization
Sump Pit
Seismometer
The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected
124 to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer.
Liquefaction
It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall
125 over opening.
Lintel Beam
For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil surface
will make in normal condition that will not slide
It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans,
127 functions essentially as a cantilever beam.
126
128
1. One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolved by analysis, having
a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load.
A major spatial division, usually one of a series, marked or partitioned off by the principal
vertical supports of a structure.
Of a pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load-carrying mechanism
130
that acts in one direction only.
Any condition, as fracturing, buckling, or plastic deformation, that renders a structural
131 assembly, element, or joint incapable of sustaining the load-carrying function for which it
was designed.
129
132
A point, surface, or mass that supports weight, esp. the area of contact between a
bearing member, as a beam or truss, and a column, wall, or other underlying support.
133 A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole.

134 The load on a structural element or member collected from its tributary area.
A means for binding a structural member to another or to its foundation, often to resist
135
uplifting and horizontal forces.
A slender rod driven through holes in adjacent parts to keep the parts together or to
136
permit them to move in one plane relative to each other.
A structural support that allows rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular
137
into or away from its face.
138 A wall of treated timber, masonry or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth.
139 A wall supporting no load other than its own weight.
A finish or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed
140
water.
141 A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under the building.
142 Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior wall.
143 A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.
144
A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from

and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped to resist overturning and sliding.
A galvanize wire basket filled with stones and used in constructing an abutment or
retaining structure.
146 Yard lumber 5 or more in the least dimension.
Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension
147
lumber, and timber.
148 A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer.
145
149 The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece.
12/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Angle of Repose
Gerber Beam
Structural member
Bay
One way
Structural failure
Bearing
Primary Member
Tributary Load
Anchorage
Pin
Roller Support
Retaining Wall
Non bearing Wall
Coping
Basement Wall
Interior Wall
Lintel
Cantilever wall
Gabion
Timbers
Yard Lumber
Split
Wane
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller members
with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in strength to the sum of the strengths of the
individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced.
A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid
sheets.
A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an
intermediate point of the opposite top chord.
Yard lumber less than 2 thick and 2 or more wide.
A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane.
A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear
members subject only to axial tension or compression.
A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory
movement in each can occur independently of the other.
The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied
load, to developed internal forces or moments that restore the original condition.
A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the
cable.
159 Yard lumber from 2 4 thick and 2 or more wide.
The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a
160
reinforce slab.
161 A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars.
158
162
Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal

reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.
163 The integral system of members connecting the upper and lower chords of a truss.
164
An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other
member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur.
The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviated from true course under
165 transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increasing in
the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.
166 The extent of space between two supports of a structure.
167 A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.
The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a
168
slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.
A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present
169
in a structure for given set of transverse loads and support conditions.
A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no
170
moment resistance.
A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as it
171 deflects under a transverse load: theoretically an internal hinge and therefore a point of
zero moment.
A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate
172
for an anticipated deflection.
173 The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span.
A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space
174
supporting elements.
An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a
175
building support or standing alone as a monument.
The lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the surface
176 of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its load
directly to the earth.
A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered
177
vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system.
The part of foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frostline
178
and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.
A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site
179
or bearing stratum.
A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in
180
a structure for a given set of transverse load and support conditions
A thick, slablike footing or reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an
181
entire building.
182
The actual pressure developed between a footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to
the quotient of the magnitude of the forces transmitted and the area of contact.
13/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Built up Beam
Fiber board
Scissors Truss
Boards
Gusset
Truss
Seismic Joint
Stability
Cable Support
Dimension Lumber
Punching Shear
Welded Splice
Stirrup
Web
Neutral axis
Deflection
Span
Cantilever Beam
Lateral Buckling
Moment Diagram
Simple Beam
Inflection Point
Camber
Effective Span
Beam
Pillar
Foundation
Pile
Footing
Stepped Footing
Shear Diagram
Mat
Soil Pressure
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
The gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a
183
sustained load and an increase in compressive stress.
A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically load
184
pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings.
185
A foundation system that extends down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads
to a more appropriate bearing stratum well below the superstructure.
One of several piles or post for supporting a structure above the surface of land and
water.
187 A load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element.
188 The forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake.
186
189 A load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element.
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the
load from a column or grade beam equally among piles.
The moment of a force system that causes or tends to cause rotation.
A load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating
rapidly in magnitude or position.
A wall occurring below the floor nearest grade designed to support and anchors the
superstructure.
An applied force producing or tending to produce shear in a body.
The twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and
opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the body.
The maximum tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to
bear without rupturing or fracturing.
Length required for 180 deg Hook.
Curing temperature for concrete.
Who decides if Footing on Piles is needed for a building?
Minimum effective depth of pile cap?
Minimum controudment of pile on pile cap?
202 The following are how to determine the spacing of a tie bar of a column?
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere.

Minimum concrete cover of column pedestal exposed in underground soil.
Length required for 90 deg hook.
ACI code: Minimum column dimension.
Induce cracking at preselected location.
The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a
concurrent increase in stress.
A joint between 2 parts of a building or structure permitting thermal or moisture
expansion to occur without damage to either part.
The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when stressed
beyond its ultimate strength.
The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size or
volume of an elastic body.
Length required for 135 deg hook
The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force.
Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls,
and machinery bases.
The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of
longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.
The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the
collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.
The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when
exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature.
A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to provide
lateral stability across the joint.
The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress.
An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in
response to a shear force.
A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete.
A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and
spiral reinforcement.
Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete
beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.
The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of
the tension reinforcement.
14/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Consolidation
Tie Beam
Deep Foundation
Stilt
Distributed Load
Earthquake Load
Concentrated Load
Pile Cap
Torque
Static Load
Foundation Wall
Shear Force
Torsion
Ultimate Strength
4d
22.8 deg. C
Soil Mechanics
300 mm
100 mm
16d (rebar) , 48d (tiebar), least
dim. Of a column
40 mm
70 mm
12 d
200 mm
Control Joints
Yield Point
Expansion Joint
Fracture
Compression
6d
Strain
Isolation Joints
Tensile Strength
Compressive Stress
Weatherability
Construction Joint
Tensile Strain
Shearing Force
Tendons
Composite Column
Top Bar
Effective Depth
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength
before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain.
Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved
recording accelerographs
Maintenance and service of accelorographs shall be provided by the
Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading
The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of
intermittent application of the same load
Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
reduced
Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are
subjected
Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied.
Perpendicular to said wall
Maximum deflection of flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
perpendicular to said wall
Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit
The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure
of the level at which the structure as a dynamic vibrator is supported
A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system
resisting elements it includes horizontal bracing system
The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure
An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm
An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or accentric type which is provided
to resist lateral forces
241 A essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear
Walls or Braced Frame
The form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a
243
point away from the column girder joint
244 The entire assemblage at the Intersection of the members
The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam
245 -the major horizontal supporting member of the floor system
242
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load, which collects and transfers
246 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements of distributes loads within the diaphragm.
Such members may take axial tension or compression
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
247
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam
248 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post earthquake operations
249 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces
250
Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile
behavior
Under reinforced
Section
14
Owner
Occupant of the
Building
Load Duration
14 sq.m.
1.50m
1/240 wall span
1/120 wall span
60 m2
Base
Collector
Diaphragm
Base Shear
Boundary Element
Brace Frame
Building Frame System
Dual System
Eccentric Brace Frame
Joints
Girder
Diaphragm Strut
Diaphragm Chord
Lateral Force Resisting
system
Ord. Moment Resisting
Space Frame
251 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below
The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
252
limits prescribed in this document
Story Drift
253 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system
Platform
254 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
forces
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
256 provides support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or
braced frames
255
257
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames
15/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Strength
Horizontal Bracing
System
Structure
Bearing wall system
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
258
259
260
261
262
263
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for
Moment resisting Frame
gravity loads. Moments resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily
system
by flexural action of members.
Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that the story above
Weak Storey
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is
subjected to a ground motion time history. The structures time dependant dynamic
Time History analysis
response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of
motions.
The effect on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than
Orthogonal Effect
parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration
The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical
p-Delta effect
loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame
Material other than water aggregate or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of
concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties
264 Concrete that doesnt not conform to definition of reinforced concrete

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
265
dimension of less than three (3 m)
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
proportional limit of material
266
-in the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for ___
In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
prestressing tendons
268 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section
Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects
269
of dead load and superimposed loads
Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of
270
reinforcement at a critical section
267
271 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile
272 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate
273 Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting
274 ASTM A36
275 True or False, bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
276
reinforcement
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse
277
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain
278 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration
Admixture
plain concrete
Pedestal
Modulus of Elasticity
Jacking Force
Embedment Length
Effective Prestress
Development Length
Curvature Friction
Structural Lightweight
concrete
Bonded Tendon
Structural Steel
TRUE
40 mm
Poisson Ratio
Slenderness Ratio
279 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line
Torsion
280 A type of concrete floor which has no beam
Flat Slab
281 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part
Shear
282 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force

The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
283
without failure
It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress
284 -Intensity of force per unit area
Deformation
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent

deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress
Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement
The measure of stiffness of a material
The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes hole through it
The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it
Nominal thickness of a timber
The sum of forces in the orthogonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
points are zero
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after
completion of the project for a period of not less than ___
Wood board should have a thickness specification
The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight
A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving
on solid wood
16/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Yielding Stress
Stress
Allowable Stress
Stirrup / Tie
Stiffness Ratio
Punching Shear
Deflection
6 inches
Equillibrium
2 years
not less than 1"x4"
Run
Portable Hand Router
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
296 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake and ___
297 Dressed lumber is referred to ___
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
present at all
The other kind of handsaw other than rip cut saw
The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks
An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements
between them
The total of all tread widths in a stair
The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces
A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
horizontal shear between elements
The force per unit area of cross section which tend to produce shear
The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strain
Minimum spacing of bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel for
parallel to grain loading is equal to ___
According to the provision of the NSCP on timber connection and fastening the loaded
edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least
NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be
at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2
Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance
with NSCP specifications
Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___
Nails and spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than __
Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
shall not exceed
Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the
Notches in the top and bottom of joist shall not exceed
317 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area
318 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area
319 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting
320
shear
321
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be
322 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___
323 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
324
exposed to earth or weather
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete not
325
exposed to earth or weather
Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and in
326
moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement
If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
327
days before test and shall be tested dry.
Cutting for high early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10 C and in moist
328
condition for at least the ___days after placement
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
329
but not less than ___
330 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean
331 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller
332 Standard hooks for stirrups and thie hooks 20-25 mm bar
333 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depth greater than 200 mm
334 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement
Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
335
terminate at different points with a stagger of at least
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less
336
than ___ for strands
17/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Knots
Smooth & Planed
Lumber
Live Load
Cross cut Saw
Effective Length
Contraction Joint
Total Run
Bond Stress
Purlin
Shear Connector
Shear Stress
Hooks Law
4 x dia. Of bolt
4 x dia. Of bolt
2.5 times
12 mm
50
11 dia.
1/6 depth of member
middle third span
1/4 depth
.60 of specified yield
strength
.50 of specified min.
tensile strength
0.45 fy
0.40 fy
100%
200
240
40 mm
20 mm
7 days
7 dyas
3 days
25mm
180 deg. Bend +4db extension
but not less than 65 mm at the
end of bar
90 deg. Bend + 6db
extension at free end
90 deg. Bend + 12db extension
at free end
.-12mm
.+/- 50mm
40db
3db
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each of member shall to be less than
337
___ for wire
Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently
338
exposed earth or weather using bars larger than 36 mm
Commonly designed as a beam which bears directly on the column footing
339
340
341
342
343
a surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching

a narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in
the same plane
bulges in plaster finish coat resulting from applying finish coat over to damp a base coat
concrete structures under construction, a space where concrete is not to be placed.
an iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength
344 but low tensile strength.
in a suspended acoustical ceiling, a groove cut into the edges of an acoustical tile to
345 receive splines or supporting members of the ceiling suspension system
346
347
a roofing tile which is the shape of an s when laid on its side

a metaphoric rock made up of mostly calcite or dolomite
the process of producing metal shapes of a constant cross section by forcing the hot
348 metal through an orifice in a die by means of a pressure ram
349
350
a body acted upon by a balanced force system is in equilibrium

is the action of one body upon another
states that the external effect of a force on a body acted upon is independent of the point
352 of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of action
is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or on a group of related
353 bodies
a sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being
354 considered
356
357
358
75 mm
Grade Beam
Abrasion
Batten
Blistering
Block out
Cast iron
Kerf
Pantile
Marble
Extrusion
Static Equilibrium
Force
is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone produces the same
351 effect as the force system
355
4db
is acting parallel to member axis
Resultant
Priniples of
Transmissibility
Force System
Free body diagram

Load
in uniform for homogenous sections
Stress
tends to elongate the body
Stress due to tension
tends to shorten the body
Stress due to
compression
is an articulated structure composed of lines or bars assumed to be connected by

frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries
359 of the structure is subdivided by the bars into geometric figures which are usually
triangles.
Truss
are usually horizontal or nearly horizontal elements carrying a stress primarily due to
360 shear and flexure, they usually carry load directly from the floor.
Beam & Girders
is a structure in which the reaction components and internal stress cannot be solved
361 completely using the equation of static equilibrium
Detrminate structure
18/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
a system of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates
362 of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each step
Western Framing
a pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the presence
363 of water in the soil.
Hydrostatic Pressure
364
a steel bolt usually fixed in building structures with its thread portion projecting
Anchor Bolt
a narrow piece of lumber nailed to the side of a beam along its bottom edge which carries
365 joist flush with the upper edge of the beam
Ledger Strip
a flexible blanket type thermal insulation commonly used between studs or joists in frame
366 construction
Batt insulation
a system of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to the roof supporting
367 the second floor joists
368
369
the boxing in or covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam
allowable sag (NSCP)
372
373
374
375
376
377
joints employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls
a process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimension
a commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility
carries the roof load between trusses or rafters
usually a sloping beam carrying the reactions of purlins
carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window
a closely spaced beam supporting the floor of a building
378 similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge

large sized beams usually carrying the floor beams
379
380
spans between columns and supports the floor and curtain walls
circular beam that transmits power to the machinery

381 it also carries torsion in addition to shear and flexure
382
large roughly molded sun-dried bricks of varying sizes
is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock-like mass with a paste of cement
383 and water.
is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the
384 tensile strength lacking in concrete
385
386
387
388
Beam Blocking
100 mm
that part of a building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the
370 structure below grade
371
Balloon Framing
height is less than three times the least dimension

strength of column is significantly reduced due to slenderness
failure is initiated by material failure
Foundation Wall
Control Joints
Forging
Wrought Iron
Purlin
Rafter
Lintel
Joist
Stringer
Girder
Spandrel
Shaft
Adobe
Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
Pedestal or short
compression blocks
long or slender column
Short column
a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame
19/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Bearing wall system
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
a structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing supports for
389 gravity loads
390
the method of stiffening floor construction by fitting solid blocks between joists
a shallow crack at closely spaced by irregular intervals on the surface of mortar or

391 concrete
392
393
394
the stressing of un-bonded tendons after the concrete has cured

a ready means of determining the consistency of freshly mixed concrete
the permanent reformation of a material under a sustained load
a principal member of a truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist
395 bending
396
a composition of two or more metals fused together usually to obtain a desired property

Bridging
Checking
Post tensioning
Slump Test
Creep
Chord
alloy
the horizontal distance from the face of a lock latch to the center of the knob or lock
397 cylinder
Backset
a joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by
398 riveting, soldering and brizing.
Lap seam
399
400
the tendency for one part of the beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part
any material change in shape when subjected to the action of a force
the maximum value of tension, compression or shear respectively which the material can
401 sustain without failure
a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting
402 over public property
403
is an extension or increase on floor area or height of a building structure
is a method of proportioning structural elements such that computed stresses produced

in the elements by the allowable stress load combinations do not exceed specified
404
allowable stress (also called working stress design)
405
406
is any change, addition to or modification in construction or occupancy

is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy
Shear
Deformation
Working Stress
Marquee
Addition
Allowable Stress Design
Alteration
Building
a building erected prior to the adoption of NSCP, or one for which a legal building permit
407 has been issued
Existing Building
is a method of proportioning structural elements using load and resistance factors such
that no applicable limit state is reached when the structure is subjected to all appropriate
408 load combinations
the term used in the design of steel and wood structures
LFRD (Load &

Resistance Factor
Design)
is a method of proportioning structural elements such that the computed forces produced
in the elements by the factored load combinations do not exceed the factored element
409 strength
the term is used in the design of concrete and masonry structures
is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or a building of any kind, or any piece of
410 work, artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner
20/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Ultimate Strength
Design
Structure
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
is a resigned civil engineer with a special qualification in the practice of structural
engineering as recognized by the board of civil engineering of the professional regulation
411
commission
is a structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built up or assembled prior to
412 incorporating in the building
413
414
415
416
417
in-place solid rock
420
is a relatively level step excavated into earth material on which fill is to be placed
is earth material acquired from an off-site location for use in grading on-site
is the densification of fill by mechanical means
is any rock, natural soil or fill or any combination thereof
is the mechanical removal of earth material

is a deposit of earth material placed by artificial means
final grade of the site that conforms to the approved plan

the elevation of drives, walks, lawns, or other improved surfaces after completion of
423
construction or grading operations
425
Bench
Borrow
Compaction
Earth Material
Erosion
Excavation
421 is the vertical location of the ground surface

is the grade prior to grading
the elevation of the original ground surface before excavation or grading begins
422
also called natural grade
424
Prefab / precast
assembly
Bedrock
is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water or
418 ice
419
Structural Engineer
the stage at which the grade approximately conforms to the approved plan
is any excavating or filling or combination thereof
Fill
Grade
Existing grade
Finish Grade
Rough Grade
Grading
is an inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ration of vertical

426 distance to horizontal distance
Slope
is a designed compacted fill placed in a trench excavated in earth material beneath the
427 toes of a proposed fill slope
Key
428
is naturally occurring deposits overlying bedrock
is a relatively level step constructed in the face of a graded slope for drainage and
429 maintenance purposes
is an assembly consisting of panels mounted on pedestals to provide an under-floor
space for the installation of mechanical, electrical, communications or similar systems or
430
to serve as an air supply or return air plenum
is a building or portion of a building for the gathering together of fifty or more persons for
such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment,
431
amusement, drinking or dining or awaiting transportation
432
is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of the building
Soil
Terrace
Access floor system
Assembly Building
Awning
is an exterior floor system projecting from a structure and supported by that structure with
433 no additional independent supports
Exterior Balcony
consist of the weight of all materials and fixed equipment incorporated into the building or
434 other structure
Dead Loads
is an exterior floor system supported on at least two opposing sides by an adjoining

435 structure and/or posts, piers, or other independent supports
21/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Deck
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
are buildings and other structures that are intended to remain operational in the event of
436 extreme environmental loading from wind or earthquakes
is a building or portion thereof in which motor vehicle containing flammable or
437 combustible liquids or gas in its tank is stored, repaired or kept
is a building or portion of a building, not more than 90sq.m in area, in which only motor
vehicles used by the tenants of the building or building on the premises are kept and
438
stored
is a condition in which a structure or component is judged either to be no longer useful for
439 its intended function or to be unsafe
a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be no longer useful for its
440 intended function
441
is a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be unsafe
loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure and do not
include dead load, construction load, or environmental load such as wind load, snow
442
load, rain load, earthquake load or flood load
forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and
their possessions, environmental effects, differential movements, and restrained
443
dimensional changes
is the highest part of a bridge pier, on which the bridge bearings or rollers are seated. It
444 may be of
stone, brick or plain or reinforced concrete, usually the last for heavy loads.
445 a wood, steel, or pre-cast concrete beam directly supporting a floor. Usually wooden joist.
load which may be removed or replaced on a structure, not necessarily a dynamic load
446 excluding
wind and earthquake loads. Live loads are moving loads or movable loads.
a large beam, originally of wood or iron, now usually of steel or concrete, though light
447 alloys have
occasionally been used. Apart from the bowstring girder its chords are parallel.
total bending effect at any section of a beam is called the bending moment. It is equal to
thealgebraic sum of all the moments to the right of the section (or to the left of the
448 section, whichamounts to the same thing) and is called M for short. Every bending
moment can be expressed as aforce times a distance called the arm. units are poundinches, ton-inches, kg-m, N-m, tonne-m, etc.
gravel, sand, slag, crushed rock or similar inert materials which form a large part of
449
concretes,asphalts or roads including macadam.
Garage
Private Garage
Limit state
Serviceaility Limit State

Strength Limit State
Live Load
Loads
Bridge Cap
Joist
Liveloads
Girder
Bending moment
Aggregates
in concrete or mortar, a substance other than aggregate, cement or water added in small
quantity,normally less than 5% of the weight of the cement, to alter the properties of the
mix or the hardenedsolid. Some 80% of the concrete made in North America, Australia,
Japan and most of Europecontains an admixture, and more than half contains airentraining agent. Other admixtures are
450 accelerators, bonding admixtures, super plasticizers, water reducers, retarders, antifreeze,corrosion inhibitors, pore fillers and thickening agents. Shrinkage preventers,
coloring (pigments),damp-proofing, expanding, fungicidal, gas-forming, grouting and
flocculating agents also exist. Forconcretes with high cement needed to such an extent
that the admixture pays for itself without harmto the physical properties. But this saving
probably never occurs with very lean concretes.
Admixture
an admixture which hastens the hardening rate and/or initial setting time of concrete.
Calciumchloride (CaCI2) was widely used, but because it can corrode embedded steel it
is now banned inthe UK except in unreinforced concrete. Chloride-free accelerators that
451
are safe with steel are based on inorganic chemicals including formats, nitrates and
thiocyanates. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) can be used to make a flash set for
quick repairs but It weakens the concrete.
Accelerator
an admixture which slows up the setting rate of concrete, sometimes applied to formwork
452 so thatwhen it is stripped the cement paste which has been in contact with it can be
removed by light brushing.
453 making a hole in rock blasting, using a rotative or percussive drill.
22/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Retarder
Boring
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
piece of steel plate, usually roughly rectangular or triangular, w/c connects the members
454
of a truss.
When a heavily loaded column punches a hole through a base, the base is said to fail by
punching shear. Punching shear is prevented by thickening the base or enlarging the foot
455
of the column so that the shear stress (assumed uniform) round the perimeter of the
column does not exceed twice the allowable shear stress in concrete.
for any material the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) to the strain (deformation per
unit length).
the stress at which noticeable, suddenly increased deformation occurs under slowly
457
increasing load
the stress beyond which further load causes permanent set. In most materials the elastic
458 limit is also
the limit of proportionality.
456
459
the water content at the lower limit of the plastic state of a clay. It is the minimum water
content at which a soil can be rolled into a thread of 3 mm diameter without crumbling.
the elastic movement of loaded parts of a structure. The word often refers to the sinking
460 of the midspan of a beam which in British housing generally is not allowed to exceed
1/325 of the span.
the load acting across a bean near its support. For a uniformly distributed load or for any
461 other symmetrical load, the maximum shear is equal to half the total load on a simply
supported beam, or to the total load on a cantilever beam.
the force on a member divided by the area which carries the force, formerly expressed in
462
psi, now in N/mm2, MPa, etc.
463
a change in length caused usually by a force applied to a piece, the change being
expressed as a ratio, the increase or decrease divided by the original length.
464 a core wall.

test for the stiffness of wet concrete. A conical mold is filled with concrete, well rammed,
and then carefully inverted and emptied over a flat plate. The amount by which the
concrete cone drops below the top of the mold is measured and is called the slump. This
465 test is valuable only when the aggregates are used all the time and in the same
proportions. It then gives a rough idea if the water content of the mix. This otherwise
most useful test cannot be applied to stiff concretes with slump of less than about 20
mm.
a structural member designed to resist loads which bend it. The bending effect at any
466 point in a beam is found by calculating the bending moment. Beams are usually of wood,
steel, light alloy, or reinforced or pre-stressed concrete.
467 a post carrying compressive force.
the bending moment at the support of a beam required to fix it in such a way that it
468
cannot rotate, so that it has a fixed end.
in concrete work, a break in a structure made to allow for the drying and temperature
shrinkages (of concrete or masonry) thus to prevent cracks forming at undesirable
469
places. Since all materials containing cement' shrink appreciably on drying, contraction
joints are needed in every long structure.
470 a pre-stressing bar, cable, rope, strand or wire.
471 the US term for ground beam
concrete members are pre-cast, in a works, with the tensioned wires embedded in them.
The wires are anchored either against the molds or against permanent abutments in the
ground. After hardening, the concrete is released from the mold and the wires are cut at
the anchorage. This method may give a larger loss of pre-stress than with post472 tensioning but is usually economical for small members and may produce better concrete
since it is always factory controlled. In long-line pre-stressing, used for the pre-casting of
pre-tensioned floor slabs or beams, the casting bed may be as much as 180 m long;
enabling units may be 1.2 m, and their thickness 15, 20 or 25 em. They usually have
tubular voids running down the length and occupying about 30% of the cross-section.
Gusset Plate
Punching Shear
Yield Point
Elastic Limit
Plastic Limit
Deflection
Shear
Stress
Strain
Shear Wall
Slump Test
Beam
Column
Fixed End Moment
Contraction Joint
Tendon
Grade Beam
Pre-tensioning
concrete beams, columns, lintels, piles, and parts of walls and floors which are cast and
partlymatured on the site or in a factory before being lifted into their position in a
473 structure. Where many of the same unit are required, pre-casting may be more
economical than casting in place, may give a better surface finish, reduce shrinkage of
the concrete on the site, and make stronger concrete.
Pre cast Concrete
either a geophone, used in seismic prospecting, or a device for detecting earthquake

474 shocks. An early seismometer made in Japan about AD 136 consisted of balls dropping
from a dragon's mouth into a frog's to show the direction of the shock.
Seismometer
23/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
the waste glass-like product from a metallurgical furnace. which flows off above the
metal.
ACI term for grip length.
the weight of a structure and any permanent loads fixed on it.
gradually increasing permanent deformation of a material under stress, well known in
metals as hightemperature creep.
the effective height of a column divided by its radius of gyration,
the strain energy stored in an elastic material per unit of volume.Steel can store 0.027 kgm/cm3, rubber about 0.54 kg-m/cm3.
the ability of a metal to undergo cold plastic deformation without breaking, particularly by
pulling in cold drawing.
the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain in a material.
the breaking stress of a cast-iron, wooden or mass concrete rectangular beam,
calculated onthe assumptions that the tensile strains in the beam are equal distances
from the neutral axis.
A link around the main steel in a concrete column, beam or pile.
a pile (usually driven not bored) at an angle to the vertical.
a widening of any structure at the foot to improve its stability, in breakwaters, earth or
other dams, or
simple walls.
the vertical plate joining the flanges of any beam or rail, of whatever material.
a weld of roughly triangular cross-section between two pieces at right angles.
a relatively fixed point whose level is known and used as a datum for leveling.
a flat roof or a quay, jetty or bridge floor, generally a floor with no roof over.
a long column, usually of wood or metal, not necessarily vertical.
Slag
Embedment Length
Dead Loads
Creep
Slenderness Ratio
Resillience
Ductility
Modulus of Rigidity
Modulus of rupture
Tie
Batter Pile
Footing
Web
Fillet Weld
Bench Mark
Deck
Strut
for elastic materials strained by a force in one direction, there will be a corresponding
492 strain in all
directions perpendicular to this, equal to p times the strain in the direction of the force.
Poisson Ratio
The procedures and limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by the
493
following factors.
Zoning, site characteristics

Occupancy,
configuringstructural system,
and height
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved

recording accelerographs.
Maintenance and service of accelerographs shall be provided by the___.
Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading.
The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of
intermittent application of the same load.
Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
reduced.
Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are
subjected.
Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
perpendicular to said wall.
Maximum deflection of a flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
perpendicular to said wall.
Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit.
The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure
or the level at which the structure, as a dynamic vibrator, is supported.
A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system.
resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.
The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure.
An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm.
An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type which is provided
to resist lateral forces.
509 An essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads.
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear
Walls or Braced Frames.
That form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a
511
point away from the column girder joint.
512 The entire assemblage at the intersection of the members.
513 The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam.
510
24/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
14
Owner
Occupant of the
building
Load duration
14 sqm.
1.50 mts.
1/240 of wall span
1/120 of wall span
60 sqm.
Base
Collector
Diaphragm
Base Shear, V
Boundary Element
Braced Frame
Dual System
Eccentric Braced Frame
(EBF )
Joint
Girder
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfers
514 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements or distributes loads within the diaphragm.
Such members may take axial tension or compression.
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
515
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam
516 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations.
517 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces.
518 Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile
519 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.
The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
520
limits prescribed in this document.
521 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system.
522 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm.
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
forces.
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
524 provide support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or
braced frames.
523
525
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
Diaphragm Strut
Diaphragm Chord
Lateral Force Resisting
System
Ordinary Moment
Resisting
Story Drift
Strength
Platform
Horizontal Bracing
System
Structure
Bearing Wall System
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for
526 gravity loads. Moment resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily
by flexural action of members.
527 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that of the story above.
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is
subjected to a ground motion time history. The structure's time-dependant dynamic
528
response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of
motions.
The effects on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than
529
parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration.
The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical
530
loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame.
Time History Analysis
Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of

concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
Admixture
531
532 Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete.

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
533
dimension of less than three.
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
534
proportional limit of material.
In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
535
prestressing tendons.
536 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.
Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects
537
of dead load and superimposed loads.
Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of
538
reinforcement at a critical section.
539 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile.
Moment Resisting
Frame System
Weak Story
Orthogonal Effect
P-delta Effect
Plain Concrete
Pedestal
Jacking Force
Embedment Length
Effective Prestress
Development Length
Curvature Friction
Structural Lightweight
Concrete
540 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate.

541 prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting.
Bonded Tendon
542 ASTM A36
Structural Steel
543 High-Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding.
544 True or False, Bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams.
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary
545
reinforcements.
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio of transverse
546
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain.
547 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration.
25/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
ASTM A514
TRUE
40 mm
Poisson's Ratio
Slenderness Ratio
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
548 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line.
Torsion
549 A type of concrete floor which has no beam.
Flat Slab
550 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part.
551 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force.
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
552
without failure.
553 It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to 'stress'.
The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent
554
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.
555 Intensity of force per unit area.
556 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement.
557 The measure of stiffness of a material.
558 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through it.
559 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.
560 Nominal thickness of of a timber.
The sum of forces in the othorgonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
561
points are zero.
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
562 preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of completion of the
project for a period of not less than. construction and after
563 Wood board should have a thickness specification of.
564 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight.
A high-speed rotary shaping had power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on
565
solid wood.
566 The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system.
567 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake, and___.
568 Dressed lumber is referred to ___.
569 The other kind of handsaw other than rip-cut saw.
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
570
present at all.
571 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks.
572 The amount of space measured in cubic units.
573 In the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for___.
An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements
574
between them.
575 the total of all tread widths in a stair.
576 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces.
577 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter.
578 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.
579
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
horizontal shear between elements.
580 The force per unit area of cross section which tends to produce shear.
581 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.
582 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strains
Minimum spacing of Bolts in timber connectionn measured from center of bolts parallel
583
for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___.
According to the provisions of the NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the
584
lodaed edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___.
NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be
585
at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2.
Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance
586
with NSCP specifications.
587 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___.
Nails or spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
588
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than ___.
Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
589
shall not exceed.
590 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the ___.
591 Notches in the top and bottom of joists shall not exceed ___.
592 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area.
26/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Shear
Deformation
Yielding Stress
Stress
Allowable Stress
Stress
Tie / Stirrup
Stiffness Ratio
Punching Shear
Deflection
6 inches
Equilibrium
2 years
not less than 1"X4"
Run
Portable Hand router
Girder
Knots
Smoothed or planed
lumber
Cross-cut saw
Live load
Effective length
Volume
Contraction joint
Total run
Bond Stress
Purlin
Size of Dead Load
Defelection
Shear Connector
Shear Stress / Shearing
Stress
Size of Dead Load
Defelection
Hook's Law
4 X diameter of bolt
4 X diameter of bolt
2.5
12 mm
50
11 diameters
1/6 depth of member
Middle Third Span
1/4 the depth
0.60 of specified min.
yield stress
PREPARED BY:
ALEXANDER SANANDRES
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
593 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area.
594 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area.
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting
595
shear.
596
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be.
597 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___.
598 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___.
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
599
exposed to earth or weather.
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete not
600
exposed to earth or weather.
Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10C and in
601
moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement.
If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
602
days before test and shall be tested dry.
Curing for high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10C and in moist
603
condition for at least the ___ days after palcement.
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
604
but not less than ___.
605 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean.
606 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller.
607 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 20-25mmbar.
608 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depths greater than 200mm
609 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement.
Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
610
teminate at different points with a stagger of at least ___.
611
than ___ for strands.
612
than ___ for wire.
Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently
613
exposed to earth or weather using bars larger than 36mm.
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
27/28
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
0.50 of specified
minimum tensile
strength
0.45 Fy
0.40 Fy
100%
200
240
40 mm
20 mm
7
7
3
25 mm
180 bend + 4db
extension but not less
than 65mm at free end
of bar
90 bend + 6db
90 bend + 12db
12 mm
50 mm
40db
3db
4db
75 mm

Structural

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PREPARED BY:

Bearing wall system

one way slab

136 What is the meaning of PERT-CPM?

concrete column whose load capacity must be reduced, according

Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy?

133 A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole.

A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from

Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal

Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere.

Building Frame System

264 Concrete that doesnt not conform to definition of reinforced concrete

280 A type of concrete floor which has no beam

282 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force

The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent

a surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching

concrete structures under construction, a space where concrete is not to be placed.

a roofing tile which is the shape of an s when laid on its side

a body acted upon by a balanced force system is in equilibrium

is acting parallel to member axis

Free body diagram

in uniform for homogenous sections

tends to elongate the body

Stress due to tension

tends to shorten the body

is an articulated structure composed of lines or bars assumed to be connected by

Beam & Girders

joints employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls

378 similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge

circular beam that transmits power to the machinery

large roughly molded sun-dried bricks of varying sizes

height is less than three times the least dimension

a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame

Bearing wall system

a shallow crack at closely spaced by irregular intervals on the surface of mortar or

the stressing of un-bonded tendons after the concrete has cured

Building Frame System

is an extension or increase on floor area or height of a building structure

is a method of proportioning structural elements such that computed stresses produced

is any change, addition to or modification in construction or occupancy

Allowable Stress Design

LFRD (Load &

in-place solid rock

is the mechanical removal of earth material

final grade of the site that conforms to the approved plan

421 is the vertical location of the ground surface

is an inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ration of vertical

is naturally occurring deposits overlying bedrock

is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of the building

Access floor system

is an exterior floor system supported on at least two opposing sides by an adjoining

is a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be unsafe

Serviceaility Limit State

464 a core wall.

Pre cast Concrete

either a geophone, used in seismic prospecting, or a device for detecting earthquake

Zoning, site characteristics

Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved

Building Frame System

Time History Analysis

Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of

532 Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete.

540 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate.

542 ASTM A36