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Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays, technology rules the world. Automation ease the
lives of many people in managing their time. One way to enhance
our skills and potentials is to practice it. As the saying goes this
way, Constant practice makes perfect. There are lot of innovations
in electronic projects because some finds it not efficient or there is
another way on how to make a particular project more useful.
Innovations after innovations until users find satisfaction in using
the technology. Imagining of yesterdays technology compared of
what is now today is incomparable. Todays electronic devices are
more sophisticated compared before because it has many functions
and todays technologies have many features. More useful, more
convenient, more feature and customer satisfaction guaranteed.
In the field of electronics, most projects provide solutions to
the common problem that the world is facing. One of this is how to
save electric energy when operation of a certain device is not
necessary. To respond of this type of problem, innovators are in nonstop seeking solution to the problem. Furthermore, electronic
projects provide convenience to the people in daily living.
especially
during
summer
times,
the
temperature
is
room.
components.
It
may
be
used
to
regulate
one
or
more AC or DC voltages.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
2.1 Introduction
This section will elaborate the studies related to the proposed project of
the researcher. The fig. shown below is the block diagram of the project made
by Prince, N. N., et al.
2.2 Sensors
The designed system automatically controls the speed of ceiling fans
according to changes in room temperature. LM 35 temperature sensor is used to sense
the room temperature and it is directly coupled to the Analog to Digital Converter
(ADC) whose major task is to convert the analog data from the temperature sensor to
its digital equivalent required by the microcontroller for further processing.
2.3 Microcontroller
The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. It is used to store all the
assembly language program of the system; it also controls, coordinates and manages
all the activities of the system. All the components that made up the system are
directly or indirectly connected to it to achieve the designed project.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
In the field of electronics, most projects provide solutions to the common
problem that the world is facing. One of this is how to save electric energy when
operation of a certain device is not necessary. To respond of this type of problem,
innovators are in non-stop seeking solution to the problem. Furthermore, electronic
projects provide convenience to the people in daily living.
This project provides an effortless of turning off the electric fan when room
temperature decreases to a minimum level.
Figure 3.1.1 shows the step by step process on what should be the components
to be used in the proposed electric fan with heat sensor and motion sensor project. If
the components will not work as needed, it will go back to the selection and
components needed again. If the design will not meet the needed operation, it will
interface and test the components again and again unless the needed operation meets.
Design specification
Selection/Identifying of
components needed
microcontroller, If
the switching device and the fan. The system is very useful for all
no
secure and reliable device which can excel in this day and age.
Interfacing of
components
Testing
ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
MOTION
SENSOR
HEAT SENSOR
If
no
SWITCHING
DEVICE
yes
Project
done
Figure
3.2.1
Block
Fig 3.1.1
Design
Diagram
flowchart
FAN
3.2.1 Sensors
Two sensors will be used on the proposed project. The two sensors will be
define and elaborate its specifications below.
not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming
to provide typical accuracies of 1/4C at room temperature and 3/4C over a full
-55C to +155C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration
at the wafer level. The low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent
calibration of the LM35 make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially
easy. The device is used with single power supplies or with plus and minus supplies.
As the LM35 draws only 60uA from the supply, it has very low self-heating of less
than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 series is available in the plastic TO-92 transistor
package.
Power Input
Static Current
Output Signal
DC 4-5 20V
50uA
0 3V ( Output high when motion is
detected)
Sentry Angle
110 degrees
Sentry Distance
7 meters (max)
Table 3.2.2 Specifications PIR Motion Sensor(http://www.e-gizmo.com)
3.2.2 Microcontroller
The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. It is used to store all the
assembly language program of the system; it also controls, coordinates and manages
all the activities of the system. All the components that made up the system are
directly or indirectly connected to it to achieve the designed project.
Arduino ATmega 328 will be used for the proposed project because it is
already proven and tested. A specification of ATmega 328 is shown below:
Power Input
Debugger Port
I/O Port
DC Power Output
On-board Crystal
PCB Dimension
Table 3.2.3
Arduino V5
gizmo.com)
12V
20A
EX2 relay
60mmx48mm
Total
662.00
382.00
378.00
344.00
50.00
120.00
499.00
2,435.00
Temperature of heat
sensor
Below 30oC
Below 30oC
Above 30oC but below
33oC
Above 30oC but below
33oC
LOW
HIGH
MANUAL MODE
Above 33oC
Above 33oC
MANUAL MODE
OFF
HIGH SPEED
MEDIUM SPEED
Manual Mode is an additional feature that would enable the user to override
the microcontroller. The system includes a switch that would switch manual mode to
automatic mode and vice versa.
Marvin S. Absaral
Efryl Vincent B. Lapia