Basic Wire Line and Petro Physics R Leveridge

GeologicalSociety,PiccadillyW1J0BG
17thNovember2011
RobLeveridge
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IntroductiontoE&P
BasicLoggingandPetrophysics
IntroductiontoE&P
BasicLoggingandPetrophysics
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Wirelinesetup
UpperSheave
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LowerSheave
LOGGING UNIT
8 Tons
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Wirelinesetup
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Whatislogging?
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Whatislogging?
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WirelineLog
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1927:PechelbronnELog
Resistivity
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Geological
layers
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Whylog?
Getinformation,makedecisions,
understandwhatisthere&willitmove?
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Howdoesitrelatetotherestofthe
field?
WellA
WellB
2
B
3
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MotherNatureiscruel
?
WellA
2
B
3
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WellB
WhatGeologyisthere?
Imagingtools
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Caliperstheborehole
Determinesformationelectrical
resistance
Findswhichwaytheformations
dip(tilt)findsfaults/fractures
ImagingTools
FMItool(FullboreFormationMicroImager )
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Whatfluidisthere?
Formationpressure&samplingtools
Examinesifreservoirsare
connected
Examinesifreservoirsare
depleted
Examineswhatfluidispresent
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Whatfluidisthere?
Arethesandsconnected?
MDT
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Depth
Pressure
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Whatfluidisthere?
Arethesandsdepleted?
MDT
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Depth
Pressure
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Whatfluidisthere?
Willthefluidflow?
Samplethefluid
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VarietyofViscousOils
Canada
US
Venezuela/Colombia
China
India/Indonesia
US
Canada
1,000,000
100,000
Bitumen
10,000
Extra
heavy
1,000
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Viscosity (cP) at reservoir T
10,000,000
Heavy
100
10
1
0.1
10
15
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20
25
30
API Gravity
35
40
45
50
PetrophysicsDefinition
Petrophysics
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(petro isLatinfor"rock"andphysics isthestudyof

nature)isthestudyofthephysicalandchemical
propertiesthatdescribetheoccurrenceand
behaviorofrocks,soilsandfluids
CommonLogsforPetrophysics
CommonLogstoacquire
GammaRay
Density
Howdensetherock+fluidis
Guidetotherockporosity
Neutron
Guidetotherockporosity
Resistivity
Whatfluidspresent
SpontaneousPotential
Sonic
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Porosity
Wherethefluidscanreside
Saturation
Volumeofeachfluidpresent
FluidProperties
Whatisit?Howwillitflow?
Isitcorrosive?
Permeability
Howthefluidcanmove
throughtherocks
PlanHowtogetitouteffectively
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Howradioactivetherockis
Roughguidetothetypeof
rock
Propertiestodetermine
PetrophysicsExample
GammaRay
Caliper
NeutronPorosity
Density
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PetrophysicsExample
GammaRay
Caliper
Resistivity(deeper)
Resistivity(Shallower)
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PetrophysicsExample
GammaRay
Caliper
Resistivity(deeper)
Resistivity(Shallower)
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HowdoyouusePetrophysicsto
quantifyHydrocarbon?
a Rw
S = m
Rt
n
w
LoggingtoolsareusedtoprovidethevaluesforRw,Rt,and,and
guideona,mandn.
Hydrocarbonisthencalculatedallthefluidslessthevolumeof
water
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ArchieEquation(orvariations)thatlinkporosityandResistivity
(Rw andRt)tothewaterthatispresentintherock
Effectsofparameters
ExampleofvariationsintheArchieparameters:
Thefollowingaremeasurements:
=25%,Rt =5ohmm,Rw =.02ohmm
Assumingasimpleformationwith:
a=1,m=2,n=2 Sw =25%
Changingnto2.5,changesSw to33%
Changingmto3,changesSw to50%
Hencethechoiceoftheseconstantsisimportant.
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a Rw
S = m
Rt
n
w
Porosity
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Thisisatypical
crossplot ofdensity
vsporosity
Therearemany
others!
Thelinesarethe
sandstone,
limestoneand
dolomitelithology
lines.
Watchoutforgas
effect
Density
OtherTechniques Crossplots
SpontaneousPotential(SP)?
1)
2)
3)
Membranepotential
largest.
Liquidjunction
potential.
Streamingpotential
smallest.
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SPresultsfromelectric
currentsflowinginthe
drillingmud.
Therearethreesources
ofthecurrents
Whylog?Getinformation,makedecisions,
understandwhatisthere&willitmove?
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Depth
Pressure
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CASEDHOLE
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Whatisisolatedbycement?
Adjustyourcompletionplan?
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CementEvaluationtools
ImagingTools
Ultrasonic
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Qualitativecement
examination
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Examinescasing&
cement
CementBondLogs
SonicCementBondLog
USIT UltraSonicImagingTool
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CasingIntegrity
Internaldiameter
Thickness
Pin/bulletholes
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CementIntegrity
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CBL CementBondLow
VDL VariableSonicDensityLog
CBL
VDL
50
Feet
GOOD
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Poor
SummaryWhywireline&Petrophysics?
IsthereHydrocarbonthere?
Williteconomicallyproduce?
Where
next?
Whattocomplete?
Adjustmentstoplan?
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www.slb.com
www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com
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THANKYOU

Basic Wire Line and Petro Physics R Leveridge

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Basic Wire Line and Petro Physics R Leveridge

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GeologicalSociety,PiccadillyW1J0BG

Viscosity (cP) at reservoir T

(petro isLatinfor"rock"andphysics isthestudyof

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