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Diseases (8)
Agent
Omphalitis
E. coli (predispose when
umbilicus does not heal due to
wetness)
Aspergillosis in chicks
Aspergillus fumigatus
Brooder pneumonia,
Avian Encephalomyelitis
Picornavirus
Transmission
&
Description
In feed/litter
Inhalation of spores,
Penetration to egg shell (dirty egg)
In hatchery - embryonic mortality &
reduced hatchibility
Acute in chicks
Embryonic mortality and reduced
hatchibility
Dyspnoea
Gasping death usually no rales
Death in 24-48 h (10-15%)
Sporadic in adults gasping,
diarrhoea
Metastasis to brain ataxia,
incoordiation, paralysis, pushing
over backwards.
Rarely infection of conjuctival sac
ocular discharge
In chicks yellow/grey caseous
nodules in lung, air sacs, trachea
(hyphae seen under microscope)
In adults nodule/plaque mycelial
growth fuzzy green in lungs
Brain yellow/grey metastasis foci
Conjunctival sacs cheesy exudate
Chicks
High mortality
Depression
Progressive ataxia,
incoordination, loss of
balance, paralysis
Histopath?
Serology: IPS, AGPT, IFT
Cant treat
Good hygiene
Clinical
signs
Hatchery problem
Hatched under low
humidity
Contamination of eggshells
b4 entering hatchery &
dissemination by
ventilation fans in hatchery
Chick-to-chick is low
Onset: 2-3d after hatching
Low mortality
Weak, huddled
Post Mortem
Enlarged yolk
Yolk is discoloured,
granular, purulent, caseous,
watery
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control
Remark
Tetracycline (variable
response)
Furosol
Cull
Fumigate equipment in
hatchery with 3x strength
of formaldehyde
Fumigate incubating eggs
with 2x strength
formaldehyde
Vertical
Direct contact
Lethargy
Signs of paralysis
Lies on sterna, lies on side
Neck extended in severe cases
Head bent backwards
Die within few hours
Mortality <5 - 30%
Add biotin
Increase fat, protein in feeds
Clinical
signs
Post Mortem
Diagnosis
Pullorum
Salmonella pullorum
Contaminated equipment
Reduced appetite
Ruffled feathers
Detection of Ab - agglutination
Treatment
Control
Furazolidone (bactericidal) in
feed or sulfonamides in
drinking water
Identify carrier (2 serology
tests no less than 6m apart to
confirm the status, if reactors
are found, retest at 21d,
continue testing until no
reactors are found in 2
consecutive tests)
Pelleted feed (heat treated)
may reduce Salmonella
(>82.20C)
Remark
Commercial Chicken Production Manual Chapter 37
Visceral Gout
Newcastle Disease