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REPORT ON TORSION IN STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 445.

1R-12)

Hsu, T. T. C., and Mo, Y. L., 1985b, Softening of Concrete


in Torsional MembersPrestressed Concrete, ACI Journal,
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Membrane Model for Reinforced Concrete Elements in
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460-469.
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213-224.
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Concrete Beams with Thin Walled Open Sections, PhD
dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of
Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 286 pp.
Hwang, C. S., and Hsu, T. T. C., 1983, Mixed Torsion
Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Channel Beams-A Fourier
Series Approach, ACI Journal, V. 80, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp.
377-386.
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Sept.-Oct., pp. 416-426.
Johnston, D. W., 1971, Hollow Prestressed Concrete
Beams Under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear, PhD
thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, NC, 177 pp.
Johnston, D. W., and Zia, P., 1975, Prestressed Box
Beams Under Combined Loading, Journal of the Structural
Division, V. 101, No. 7, pp. 1313-1331.
Jordaan, I.; Khalifa, M.; and McMullen, A. E., 1974,
Collapse of Curved Reinforced Concrete Beams, Journal
of the Structural Division, V. 100, No. 11, pp. 2255-2269.
Karayannis, C. G., 1995, Torsional Analysis of Flanged
Concrete Elements with Tension Softening, Computers &
Structures, V. 54, No. 1, pp. 97-110.
Karayannis, C. G., 2000, Smeared Crack Analysis for
Plain Concrete in Torsion, Journal of Structural Engineering, V. 126, No. 6, pp. 638-645.
Karayannis, C. G., and Chalioris, C. E., 2000, Experimental Validation of Smeared Analysis for Plain Concrete in
Torsion, Journal of Structural Engineering, V. 126, No. 6,
pp. 646-653.
Karlsson, I., 1973, Stiffness Properties of Reinforced
Concrete Beams Loaded in Combined Torsion, Bending and
Shear, PhD thesis, Publication 73:1, Division of Concrete

89

Structures, Chalmers University of Technology, Gteborg,


Sweden, 203 pp.
Kemp, E. L.; Sozen, M. A.; and Siess, C. P., 1961, Torsion
of Reinforced Concrete, Structural Research Series No.
226, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
Klein, G. J., 1986, Design of Spandrel Beams, PCI
Specially Funded R & D Program Research Project No. 5
(PCISFRAD #5), Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago,
IL; summary paper in PCI Journal, V. 31, No. 5, Sept.-Oct.,
pp. 76-124.
Klus, J., 1968, Ultimate Strength of Reinforced Concrete
Beams in Combined Torsion and Shear, ACI Journal, V. 65,
No. 3, Mar., pp. 210-216.
Kordina, K., and Teutsch, M., 1983, Bemessung von
Stahlbeton- und Spannbetonbalken unter kombinierter
Beanspruchung infolge von Biegung, Querkraft und
Torsion, Beton- und Stahlbetonbau, V. 78, Heft 1, pp. 1-6.
(in German)
Kordina, K., and Teutsch, M., 1985, Versuche an
Konstruktionsleichtbetonbauteilen
unter
kombinierter
Beanspruchung aus Torsion, Biegung und Querkraft,
Deutscher Ausschu fr Stahlbeton (DafStb), H. 362, W.
Ernst u. Sohn, Berlin, 83 pp.
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High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams and Minimum
Reinforcement Requirement, ACI Structural Journal, V. 98,
No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 462-469.
Krpan, P., and Collins, M. P., 1981a, Predicting Torsional
Response of Thin-Walled Open RC Members, Journal of
the Structural Division, V. 107, pp. 1107-1127.
Krpan, P., and Collins, M. P., 1981b, Testing Thin-Walled
Open RC Structure in Torsion, Journal of the Structural
Division, V. 107, pp. 1129-1140.
Lampert, P., and Collins, M. P., 1972, Torsion, Bending,
and ConfusionAn Attempt to Establish the Facts, ACI
Journal, V. 69, No. 8, Aug., pp. 500-504.
Lampert, P., and Thrlimann, B., 1968, Torsionsversuch
an Stahlbetonbalken (Torsion Tests of Reinforced Concrete
Beams), Bericht Nr. 6506-2, 101 pp. (in German)
Lampert, P., and Thrlimann, B., 1969, Torsion-BiegeVersuche an Stahlbetonbalken (Torsion-Bending Tests on
Reinforced Concrete Beams), Bericht Nr. 6506-3, Institute
of Baustatik, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland (in German).
Lampert, P., and Thrlimann, B., 1971, Ultimate Strength
and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams In Torsion and
Bending, Publications, International Association of Bridge
and Structural Engineering (Zurich), V. 31-I, pp. 107-131.
Leonhardt, F., and Schelling, G., 1974, Torsionsversuche
an Stahlbetonbalken, Deutscher Ausschu fr Stahlbeton
(DAfStb), Heft 239, W. Ernst u. Sohn, Berlin, 122 pp.
Leonhardt, F.; Walther, R.; and Vogler, O., 1968, Torsionsund Schubversuche an vorgespannten Hohlkastentrgern,
Deutscher Ausschu fr Stahlbeton (DAfStb), Heft 202,
Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1-78.
Lessig, N. N., 1959, Determination of Load-Carrying
Capacity of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Elements
Subjected to Flexure and Torsion, Trudy No. 5, Institut
Betona i Zhelezobetona (Concrete and Reinforced Concrete

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