Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 2
Scope of the Report ................................................................................................................. 2
The Canadian Market .................................................................................................................. 4
Imports ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Trends and Opportunities ..................................................................................................... 12
Trade Practices........................................................................................................................... 16
Competition ............................................................................................................................. 16
Trade Shows ........................................................................................................................... 17
Quality ...................................................................................................................................... 17
The Buyer ................................................................................................................................ 20
Price ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Packaging and Transportation ............................................................................................. 24
Labelling................................................................................................................................... 25
Distribution................................................................................................................................... 28
Import Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 32
Inspection ................................................................................................................................ 32
Tariff Rates .............................................................................................................................. 33
Licensing.................................................................................................................................. 34
Relevant Canadian Laws and Regulations ........................................................................ 34
Taxes........................................................................................................................................ 34
Antidumping ............................................................................................................................ 35
Tips for Exporters ....................................................................................................................... 36
Sources of Information .......................................................................................................... 38
Trade Shows ........................................................................................................................... 39
Publications ............................................................................................................................. 39
This publication has been produced by TFO Canada with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency. All information
provided in this document is based on the best available at the time of preparation and is offered without responsibility on the part of TFO
Canada. The reader is advised to check periodically with TFO Canada for updates.
This publication is distributed subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or by any means, be lent, sold, hired out or otherwise
circulated in any form other than that in which it is published, including this notice. This publication shall only be made available to assist
businesses, trade support organizations, and government agencies which have their head office and operations residing in countries eligible for
international development assistance from the Canadian government. In no case may it be sold or distributed at any cost, direct or implied, nor
may it be published on a publicly accessible website or equivalent, without TFO Canadas consent.
Trade Facilitation Office Canada, 2013
Introduction
Population
Canadas population, estimated at 35.1 million inhabitants
in January 2013, is expected to reach between 40 and 47
million by 2036 according to Statistics Canada.
Organic Foods
According to a major new report by the Canada Organic Trade Association 1 (excerpts of which are
presented here), in 2012 Canadas certified organic food market was valued at nearly $3 billion out of a
total organic market of $3.7 billion, as shown in the table below.
Estimated Value of Canadian Organic Sales in 2012
Total Canadian Organic Market
Total Organic Food & Beverage Sales (excluding alcohol)
Organic Alcohol
Organic Supplements
Organic Fibre (linen & clothing)
Organic Personal Care
Organic Pet Food
Organic Household Products
Organic Flowers
Organic Exports from Canada
The traditional market for food in Canada has shifted considerably in terms of tastes, largely as a result of
more women in the workforce, immigration, an ageing population, and an increase in healthconsciousness. In general, reliance on organic and semi-prepared food has increased, the average meal
preparation time has fallen, and purchases of healthy fast foods have grown. Supporting these
observations is the fact that the value of the Canadian organic food market has tripled since 2006, far
outpacing the growth rate of other agri-food sectors. In 2006, organic products made up less than 1% of
grocery sales (excluding fresh) in mainstream retail in Canada; by 2008 this climbed to 1.3%, and in 2012
reached 1.6% nationally. Including fresh products, organic foods make up 1.7% of total food sales with
the very low market penetration of organic meats and poultry dampening total market share. British
Columbia continues to lead this trend with organic products enjoying nearly double the market share than
that seen in the rest of the country. Alberta and Ontario have the next most developed organic markets
based on mainstream retail sales.
The Canadian Organic Trade Association report noted that Canadians who buy organic groceries only
spend $17.50 more per week than those who do not purchase organic (the weekly grocery bill for an
organic shopper is about $132.70 compared to a conventional shopper who spends $115.22 per week). It
is interesting for exporters to note that most Canadians (98%) expect to increase or maintain their
spending on organic food over the next year, mainly in the fruit and vegetable, meat and poultry, dairy,
and bread and grains categories.
A diverse consumer base is driving the sector, with 58% of all Canadians buying organic products every
week. In 2012, Canadas major weekly buyers of organic groceries were found to be:
The Canadian food industry has also changed in light of consolidation and technological developments.
Since the fastest growing market for foods in Canada is the organic and ethnic sector, a common thread
of consumer interest has been found in healthy, natural, flavourful alternatives not only for consumption
but also for the perception of being friendlier to the environment. Since Canadians are eating more
organic foods, many ethnic foods, especially Indian, Halal, Kosher, Latino and Asian, are joining the
ethnic gone organic trend, while the specialty food market shows a move towards the more flavourful
tastes of ethnic cuisine.
In 2012, dairy products, roasted-in-Canada coffee, soya
drinks, eggs, and bread were the most popular organic
food purchases, with strong competition emerging from
Canadian companies in the processed sector,
particularly for ready-to-eat cereals, baby food, juices
and drinks. The adjacent chart shows the top 10
Canadian-produced organic pre-packaged food sold in
Canada in that year in $ millions.2
For organic food products in general (Canadian and
non-Canadian producers), the beverage category
narrowly beat out dairy and eggs due to strong sales of
organic coffee, valued at half the sales of all organic beverages. Bread and ready-to-eat cereals led sales
in the bread and grains category.
Ethnic Foods
Canada is a land of tremendous ethnic diversity brought about by successive waves of immigration from
various parts of the world. Immigration has become even more important in recent decades as the
countrys birth rate has gradually fallen below replacement levels.
The latest Statistics Canada data3 shows that by 2031:
Between 25% and 28% of the population could be foreign-born, the highest historical ratio to date.
About 55% of this population would be born in Asia, and about 47% of second-generation Canadians
would belong to a visible minority group, nearly double the 2006 level of 24%. Second generation
refers to those who are Canadian-born and have at least one parent born outside Canada.
The majority (96%) of people belonging to a visible minority group would continue to live in one of the
major metropolitan areas, making up 63% of the population of Toronto, 59% in Vancouver, and 31%
in Montral. In contrast, they would comprise no more than 5% of the population in St. John's,
Greater Sudbury, Trois-Rivires, Qubec, or Saguenay.
Most of this visible minority population would be young: 36% of the population under 15 years of age
would belong to a visible minority group, compared to 18% of persons aged 65 and over.
South Asians and Chinese should still be the largest visible minority groups in Canada. The South
Asian population would rise to 3.2 million to 4.1 million, compared to 1.3 million in 2006, while the
Chinese population would go from 1.3 million in 2006 to between 2.4 million and 3 million in 2031.
Arabs and West Asians are the visible minority groups that would grow the fastest. Canadas Arab
population could thus number between 806,000 and 1.1 million in 2031 and its West Asian population
between 457,000 and 592,000.
The number of non-Christians would more than double, reaching between 5.3 million and 6.8 million
in 2031 compared to 2.5 million in 2006, or from 8% of the population in 2006 to 14% in 2031. Within
the population having a non-Christian religion, approximately one person in two would be a Muslim in
2031, whereas the corresponding proportion in 2006 was estimated at 35%. Fewer than two
Canadians in three would have a Christian religion in 2031. Three Canadians in four (75%) had a
Christian religion in 2006. The corresponding proportion in 1981 was 97%.
These trends are important since, through marriage or common law relationships, Canadians are
increasingly partnering with ethnic groups different from their own. This trend is leading to a new
generation of multi-ethnic children with more open attitudes relating to lifestyles and cultures, which in
turns affects the broader Canadian population. As these new cultures continue to come together and
tolerance to this synthesis increases, markets for food products from diverse traditions increase. Fruits
and vegetables which are familiar to these ethnic groups are already appearing in the Canadian market
and are quickly becoming mainstream options. Packaged coconut water is a good example of a drink that
is rapidly growing in this market because of both the ethnic connection and perceived health benefits.
Joining Indian, Caribbean and Mediterranean foods which have long enjoyed popularity here, Halal and
kosher foods are becoming the fastest growing sectors of Canadas food industry, going beyond their
traditional markets to appeal to consumers interested in organic and ethnic options. Consumption of
kosher foods is currently supported by approximately 330 thousand Jewish consumers, and Halal by an
estimated 1 million Muslims. Grocery giant Loblaws has capitalized on mainstream ethnic food
opportunities by developing a line of fusion and authentic ethnic ready-made meals. The President's
Choice line of frozen Indian, Thai and Chinese appetizers and entres offers a wide selection of dinners
The ethnocultural diversity of the Canadian population. March 9, 2010. Statistics Canada. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-551-x/2010001/hlfs-eng.htm. Additional charts and statistics were obtained from: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/menu-fact.asp
3
Coffee
Fruit
Grains and Cereals
Nuts and Oils
Imports
According to Statistics Canada, imports of organic
foods identified by the HS Codes outlined in this
report are on track to reach a five year high in 2013.
Imports of ethnic and Fairtrade foods are not
identified separately for customs purposes.
For the first three months of this year alone, imports
amounted to $155 million. This compares to $473
million in 2012, itself the highest value in preceding
years. Just as part of the higher import numbers in
2012 and 2013 reflect the addition of new HS codes for customs purposes, the low number in 2010 is
reflective of adjustments in data collection as the new organic food regime was being put into place. In
2012, imports of organic foods included in the Organic Trade Association report captured 46% of the
market by volume, exceeding the 43% captured by domestically produced brands.
Organic Dairy Products: In 2012, Canada imported $745,658 worth of organic yoghurt compared to
$279,264 in 2009; the United States was the major supplier in both years.
Organic Fresh Vegetables: Imports of organic fresh vegetables were valued at $157 million in 2012, up
from $140 million in 2009.
Organic Fresh Fruits: Likewise, imports of organic fresh fruits valued at $123 million in 2012, exceeded
the $111 million imported in 2009.
Organic Tea and Coffee: In 2012, stable consumption of imported organic coffee was evident,
unchanged from 2009 imports of $154 million. While imports of organic green and black tea were lower,
at $5.1 million and $5.8 million respectively, these were significantly higher than in 2009 when their
imports were valued at $3.3 million and $2.3 million respectively. However, whereas in 2009 more black
$
745,658
743,264
2,394
156,930,873
1,240,887
659,763
1,109,152
3,731,014
1,637,977
3,066,534
4,676,364
156,528
2,582,001
1,954,722
488,397
1,133,839
27,846,361
27,687,109
19,385,777
9,750,404
4,055,927
7,236,474
1,010,178
284,570
1,682,429
315,002
1,772,544
524,106
4,129,425
3,755,932
19,716,995
2,256,180
2,945,317
138,965
123,124,408
29,467,302
2,800,852
4,463,141
1,277,700
5,020,950
3,353,440
2,248,550
526,258
77,791
467,406
1,154,733
1,661,408
4,497,232
2,433,889
512,847
556,985
3,529,462
1,017,128
1,711
2,934,171
26,997,123
24,502,037
1,886,052
96,530
105,778
93,685
228,785
84,256
5,878,089
1,598,270
7,155,319
3,200,985
7,350,739
536,717
292,885
888,732
1,894,995
$2,925,034
$8,262,977
$4,967,259
$2,529,521
$1,516,339
$15,193,741
$7,881,440
$8,805
$18,774,407
$165,197,772
$120,552,675
$33,709,672
$2,109,855
$1,901,932
$1,102,547
$3,874,090
$1,947,001
84,466
$1,247,831
3,866,610
$16,766,916
2,825
$13,840
5,750,592
$8,671,277
180,398
179,067,006
$539,665
$473,238,240
Most imported certified organic foods are supplied to Canada by the United States, Mexico, and some
European countries. However, TFO Canada client countries have earned market share for some high
quality certified products. A few examples are provided below for imports of certified organic vegetables
and fruits.
Certified Organic Vegetables Supplied by TFO Canada Client Countries in 2012, by Importing Province
Country of Origin
Province Quantity (Kg)
Value ($)
0703103910 Onions or shallots, green, fresh/chilled India
Ontario
26,192
108,092
0706104010 Carrots, fresh or chilled
Guatemala
Ontario
13,824
41,571
0709209910 Asparagus, fresh or chilled
Peru
Ontario
22,748
136,519
Qubec
649
4,944
0709300010 Eggplants, aubergines, fresh or chilled Dominican Republic
Ontario
127,605
73,178
Qubec
24,378
22,237
10
Dominican Republic
Ontario
70,009
Qubec
349
Egypt
Qubec
2,455
0709700011 Spinach, NZ & orache spinach
Jamaica
Ontario
13,176
(garden), <=500g
Ontario
17,937
0709700011 Spinach, NZ & orache spinach
Dominican Republic
Ontario
12,278
(garden), >500g
Guyana
Ontario
5,817
Jamaica
Ontario
9,387
Trinidad and Tobago
Ontario
26,031
Certified Organic Fruits Supplied by TFO Canada Client Countries in 2012, by Importing Province
Country of Origin
Province
Quantity (Kg)
0803900011 Bananas,
Colombia
British Columbia
1,769
other than plantains,
Manitoba
873
fresh
New Brunswick
120,866
Ontario
6,911,223
Qubec
791,126
Dominican Republic
New Brunswick
11,244
Ontario
35,011
Qubec
1,474
Saskatchewan
4,357
Ecuador
Alberta
2,626,322
British Columbia
5,534,150
Manitoba
128,554
New Brunswick
1,271,933
Ontario
3,902,443
Qubec
2,593,019
Saskatchewan
236,036
Guatemala
Alberta
10,096
British Columbia
90,703
Manitoba
617
New Brunswick
11,449
Ontario
1,319,689
Qubec
19,788
Saskatchewan
620
Honduras
Ontario
964,096
Qubec
43,545
Peru
Alberta
80,248
British Columbia
1,075,656
New Brunswick
1,689
Ontario
354,110
Qubec
763,688
Philippines
Ontario
9,553
0804300011 Pineapples, Honduras
Ontario
9,904
fresh
Qubec
62,030
0805100012 Oranges,
South Africa
Ontario
61,274
except Temple, fresh
Qubec
109,257
0805400010 Grapefruit,
Peru
Ontario
10,759
including pomelos,
South Africa
Ontario
34,875
fresh/dried
Qubec
36,537
0805500011 Lemons,
Bangladesh
Ontario
12,508
fresh
Qubec
4,460
11
70,504
843
11,893
30,555
38,539
26,386
22,690
13,504
61,123
Value ($)
$1,822
$868
$138,916
$5,739,269
$812,075
$9,206
$38,005
$1,623
$3,055
$2,559,908
$5,673,599
$126,443
$1,302,324
$3,885,445
$2,484,866
$214,552
$10,240
$92,468
$620
$11,715
$918,788
$22,687
$623
$722,947
$32,073
$77,691
$1,103,817
$2,528
$423,122
$613,154
$10,231
$12,801
$62,197
$100,705
$148,324
$20,426
$44,113
$46,952
$58,171
$24,240
Guatemala
Chile
China
Guatemala
Honduras
Peru
South Africa
0808101081 Apples,
Golden Delicious, fresh
0808101083 Apples,
Granny Smith, fresh
Chile
Ontario
Qubec
Ontario
Qubec
Ontario
Manitoba
Ontario
Qubec
Ontario
Ontario
Ontario
British Columbia
Ontario
Qubec
Ontario
Qubec
Qubec
Chile
British Columbia
Ontario
South Africa
Ontario
Qubec
0808101084 Apples,
Chile
Alberta
Gala, fresh
British Columbia
Ontario
Qubec
0808101089 Other
Chile
British Columbia
Apples, fresh
Ontario
Qubec
0809302910 Peaches,
Chile
Ontario
excl nectarines, fresh
Mexico
Ontario
0810401022 Blueberries, Chile
Alberta
cultivated, fresh
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Ontario
Qubec
Saskatchewan
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian International Merchandise Trade Database, 2013
4,257
7,430
197,878
142,882
3,850
3,938
73,420
16,302
641
17,199
3,461
2,207
21,220
35,424
8,527
2,445
9,761
$6,535
$6,003
$324,631
$195,579
$11,981
$11,040
$228,615
$50,489
$490
$198,878
$45,361
$11,646
$56,118
$159,968
$59,182
$19,315
$22,594
24,546
128,832
167,887
42,336
1,143
279,297
553,413
7,182
33,999
155,347
28,633
53,006
77,815
40,185
110,881
15,054
3,877
658,125
38,244
1,216
$50,819
$215,743
$245,873
$64,680
$1,749
$575,394
$869,835
$13,493
$107,225
$332,509
$89,548
$127,763
$197,754
$321,694
$755,607
$93,014
$38,676
$4,094,436
$197,450
$10,274
12
The Environment
On-going concern over the environment alters the way many Canadians view products, with the demand
for organic and natural foods and medicinal products continuing to rise. Environmentally-friendly goods
such as detergents that are less polluting and biodegradable or recyclable products and packaging are
also favourably viewed.
Ageing Population
An important factor to consider in marketing organic foods in this market is the fact that Canadas
population is ageing rapidly and becoming more urban; both of these factors will have a positive impact
on the demand for a wide range of healthy foods. Two main reasons for the ageing of the population are
the nations low fertility rate and increasing life expectancy. Statistics Canada predicts that the first of the
baby boomers which make up the bulk of Canadas population will reach the age of 80 in 2026. These
citizens are relatively wealthy, well educated and willing to purchase food that they consider healthy and
exotic, focusing on foods with quality ingredients.
Other Trends
Organic and ethnic food producers could take guidance from the following general food trends to
capitalize on this lucrative market:
Functional Food: As consumers increasingly become more health conscious, demand for products
with added health benefits and nutrients keeps rising. Such products include yogurt, frozen yogurt,
juice, tea, ready-to-drink tea, almond milk, coconut water, breakfast cereal, bread, eggs, condiments,
superfoods (broccoli, sweet potatoes, etc.), and fish, chicken, and pork products. Many of these
products are enriched with nutraceuticals ranging from vitamins, fibre and calcium, to omega-3,
probiotics, and antioxidants. Food and beverage products that contain superfruit (e.g., exotic varieties
such as aai, gogi berries, mangosteen, noni, and pomegranates, as well as cranberries and
blueberries) are also common on store shelves. Manufacturers have introduced many of these
foreign fruit to consumers through flavour extensions for yogurt, snack, vinaigrette, jam, tea and juice
products. The blending of mainstream fruit flavours (e.g., strawberry, raspberry) with less familiar
superfruit varieties in food products has also helped boost the popularity of these healthy fruit. Food
and beverage products containing superfruit are seeing tremendous growth due to their high
antioxidant content and nutritional benefits. Based on current demand, industry experts suggest that
13
superfruit pulp, extracts, juice and flavourings will continue to appear in a wider variety of products.
Consumers are also seeking products that offer extra health benefits, such as immune support. A
vast number of products now contain antioxidants, probiotics or prebiotics to strengthen immunity and
improve overall health. Such products include juice, add-to-water flavouring crystals, yogurt, frozen
yogurt, breakfast cereal, ready-made meals, and bread. The segment is expected to continue to grow
as consumers look for more of the friendly bacteria and antioxidants in their food products.
Better-For-You Food: There has been an explosion of interest in gluten-free products; products with
low or no calories, fat, sugar or salt; whole grain; and high-fibre and calcium alternatives in response
to consumer demand for lighter diet options. All of these formulations have become particularly
popular in staple food categories such as dairy, baked goods, oils, and fats, as well as in the
convenience segment (e.g., frozen and chilled ready-meals).
Portion-Controlled Products: Manufacturers have responded to consumer demand by offering a
wide assortment of 60, 90, and 100 calorie snacks. Consumers are more inclined to purchase portion
or calorie controlled versions of their favourite food and beverage, often less healthy products, rather
than drastically modifying their diets. Products include portion-controlled packages of cookies, chips,
crackers, popcorn, chocolate, muffins, yogurt, granola snacks, carbonated soft drinks, juices, and
chocolate milk.
Dietetic Products: Demand for lactose, glucose, and allergen-free food and beverages, as well as
for foods with no salt or sugar added for diabetics is rising, driven by health-conscious consumers
and those with food allergies and intolerances.
Artisan and Specialty Food: Canadian trade shows reflect the growing demand for premium food
products such as premium jam and preserves; tea; gourmet spices and barbecue rubs, condiments,
sauces, oils, spreads and dips; matcha green tea; dark and European chocolate; and bison meat.
Premium packaging, product displays and promotional materials are used. Retailers are expanding
their gourmet food offerings with artisanal cheese, bread, dips, oils, spreads, condiments and
confectionary; freshly-prepared meals and desserts; greater ethnic and international food
assortments; premium tea and coffee; and larger wine selections to cater to consumer demand.
Stores are also being re-designed to create inviting upscale shopping environments for consumers.
Premium, Bite-Sized Indulgence Food: The largest dessert trend is for smaller-portioned and bitesize rich desserts. For example, mousses, cheesecakes, crme brle, crme caramel, chocolate,
and tiramis are displayed in small, bite-size portions for the retail grocery and foodservice sectors.
The popularity of two-bite and petite deluxe desserts can be attributed to rising health concerns and
time-pressed consumers who do not have time to prepare or eat large and very filling desserts.
Available to shoppers at retail grocery outlets, these gourmet products particularly appeal to
consumers as they can enjoy restaurant-style desserts at reasonable prices for home consumption.
Child-Focused Organic Foods: These are particularly prevalent in cereals, snacks, and juices.
Packaging: Developments in retail packaging include:
Clear: Some manufacturers are packaging fruits, vegetables and prepared foods like soups and
sauces in clear jars or high-end plastic bags some of which are squeezable instead of
traditional cans. This makes the product clearly visible; sometimes even the product labels are
transparent.
Tetra: Tetra packs hold an expanding line of products particularly in the drinks; soups; and
sauces categories.
Compostable: While innovations in packaging reductions continue, packaging that is defined as
compostable after use is also becoming more prevalent. With municipalities across Canada
introducing clear or compost recycling programs, these products are very well placed.
Bulk is Green: Bulk food products are being marketed here as a green packaging initiative.
As a result of rising energy prices and carbon footprint concerns, speed to market has become extremely
important to buyers. They look at how close the suppliers are to the Canadian market, and how close they
are to local or regional inputs. Medium cost countries and suppliers who are well-positioned on these
issues can therefore benefit from potential competitive advantages. It is expected that brands will
increasingly demand environmentally sound practices at every stage in the process, from field to market.
To this end, suppliers are encouraged to pursue long term relationships with nearby raw material
producers rather than using multiple producers in farther off locations; this makes it easier to solve
material defect problems.
14
15
Trade Practices
Consistency in quality and delivery of the
product with ordered specifications are
crucial to maintaining Canadian orders.
Competition
continuity of supply;
maintenance of high quality at a
competitive price;
appropriate packaging material for
overseas shipments;
adequate handling and storage facilities;
promotion, especially of new products
(include names of current or past clients
and/or their countries);
knowledge of payment terms.
In addition, you should ensure that your representative who is in contact with the buyer speaks and writes
clear and fluent English or French, depending on the buyers preference. Exporters can focus on
strategies including:
16
Trade Shows
Please note that TFO Canada does not provide letters of invitation to assist with obtaining travel or entry
visas. These must come from the buyer directly, or from proof of registration at a trade show.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency publishes a Food and Horticultural Products Import Guide for
Trade Fairs and Shows in Canada. Suppliers should review this document when preparing to exhibit in
Canada.
Canadian importers and a number of retail buyers usually visit foreign markets and their suppliers once a
year. They normally organize such trips to coincide with the most important foreign trade shows such as
BioFach, the largest international organic and natural food trade fair (www.biofach.de/en) where they can
explore possibilities for imports, as well as assess industry trends. It is advisable to check with your agent,
buyer or Embassys commercial counsellor to fully assess
Both exporters and importers should ensure that each
the documentation requirements, costs and benefits of
transaction or contract is specific about questions relating
your participation in trade shows.
to non-performance of either party, as well as the
Major trade shows in Canada include:
Quality
There are two main guides for ensuring that organic products sold on the Canadian market are safe for
consumption: the mandatory Organic Products Regulations (OPR) and the voluntary Canadian Organic
Retailing Practices Manual and Guide. The latter is a best practices guide that outlines suggestions to
protect the organic integrity of the products through all stages to market.
Canadas OPR ensure that the Canadian organic standards and permitted substances list are mandatory
for all organic food imported into Canada. Organic products may be imported if they are:
All importers of organic products must be able to demonstrate, at all times, that the imported product
conforms to these import requirements. The importers must retain all documents attesting to this fact.
These documents will be verified by CFIA inspectors. By enforcing the organic principles of production,
17
Certification: All food, beverage and livestock feed products for sale in Canada must be certified to
Canadian standards and accredited by a Conformity Verification Body recognized by the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The CFIA enforces the regulations through the new Canada Organic
Office. The current list of approved accreditors can be found at this website:
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/organic-products/certification-and-verification/certificationbodies/canada/eng/1327861534754/1327861629954.
Any supplier wishing to obtain certification for an agricultural product must apply within 12 months of
when the agricultural product is expected to be marketed as an organic product. As such, persons
wishing to obtain certification should be under the oversight of a Certification Body for a sufficient period
of time prior to the granting of certification to permit proper assessment of the operators management
system and its compliance with the proposed Regulations. Organic certification must be renewed on
regular basis, within 12 months from the date of granting. This renewal of certification would be required
to verify that the criteria continue to be met by the holder of the certification.
Regulation equivalency agreements are in place between Canada and Costa Rica, the European Union,
Switzerland, and the United States. For the Costa Rica Agreement, plant products that are: produced and
processed in Costa Rica; are in conformity with the National Organic Production Regulations of Costa
Rica and; are produced and processed under an organic certification program that provides safeguards
and guidelines governing the production and processing of such products, are deemed equivalent to
those products that have been produced and processed in accordance with the 2009 Canadian Organic
Products Regulations. Organic products exported from Costa Rica for import to Canada under this
recognition may bear the Canada Organic Logo and/or Costa Rica's organic seal as spelled out in the
letter of equivalence recognition. Organic products must be accompanied by an organic certificate issued
by Costa Rican accredited Certification Body. Organic products imported into Canada must meet
Canadian food safety and labelling requirements.
Any import-export agreements with other countries would be signed only if Canada is satisfied that they
meet the principles and objectives of the OPR. The ability to enter into these agreements will provide cost
advantages to consumers along with the additional choice of products available, especially in light of
Canadas high dependence on imported organic goods.
Standards: There are Canadian guidelines on the use of additives, preservatives, antioxidants (sulfur
dioxide), pesticide, and chemical residues which both the importer and exporter should be familiar with,
since failure to comply with these standards can result in fines and possible seizure of goods. Of note,
certain colours approved in the U.S. cannot be used in Canada. Also, while saccharin and cyclamate are
sold as sweeteners in Canada, they cannot be used in processed foods intended for this market.
Bacterial counts such as coliform, E. coli, salmonella, bacillus cereus, S. clostridia and fecal streptococci,
along with aflatoxins, mould and yeast level/types are strictly limited by Canadian standards. The
standard of products exported to Canada should not be left to the discretion of the individual exporter
because a single shipment of inferior quality could jeopardize the reputation of the exporting country. By
enforcing high standards on a countrys products, the resulting positive international reputation will lead to
improved competitiveness and export earnings.
Grading: Since the Canadian market is already supplied with prime quality products of all kinds, a
stringent system for grading and quality control in the exporting country should be established. Processed
foods sold in Canada are graded according to rules set out in the Processed Products Regulations.
18
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP): This practical system helps producers to review all
potential health and safety hazards in their plant operation and focus on controlling the points that are
critical to the safety of the finished product. The Canada GAP food safety program, established in
2012 (http://www.canadagap.ca), has a globally recognized system that would cover all these
requirements. Briefly, the benefits of using the HACCP system include:
Review your business and company procedures, physical facility, processes, shipping, and
distribution systems. Identify areas where you might be vulnerable to potential sabotage or
terrorist attacks and outline control measures for each of these areas.
Ensure that there are adequate security measures for your facility and employees.
Have procedures in place to ensure the composition and integrity of all ingredients, raw
materials and packaging materials in each facility.
Develop procedures to ensure the integrity and security of your manufacturing equipment and
water supply used in manufacturing.
Develop procedures and anti-tampering measures to ensure the security of your products
once they are produced and shipped to retail.
Develop an action plan to respond to an emergency, including cordoning off areas, moving
employees and contacting identified authorities.
Ensure all hazardous chemicals and pesticides are securely stored away from processing
and handling and are listed on safety sheets on site.
19
The Buyer
Entering a new market can be daunting, but with a well-defined marketing plan, the rewards will be well
worth the effort. Exporters have one chance to make a good first impression. Use this chance to show
what you are selling. Initial information about your company should include photographs, prices,
specifications, and quality/safety certifications of your latest products. You can also include photos of your
production facilities. The internet is an essential tool for communication with Canadian buyers, so develop
a website or have an e-mail address that will allow you to readily provide this information so that they can
quickly assess whether they are interested in pursuing an arrangement with you. If you do not show in
such an immediate and concrete fashion what you are capable of, the buyer loses interest.
Major stakeholders in the industry include the:
20
Finding a Buyer: The Canadian Importers Database is a useful tool to identify buyers who import foods
into Canada. Lists are provided by product, by city location of the buyer, and by country of origin of the
product. Finding a buyer requires perseverance and a serious commitment of time, effort, and cost. The
appointment of a good local agent or representative is crucial in this competitive environment and
exporters should note that different agents may be required to cover separate regional areas. TFO
Canada encourages exporters to use any of the following tools to help in these efforts:
Participate in trade shows in your own country or region, since buyers frequently attend these. In
addition, international shows can be an invaluable source of market intelligence. If you cannot attend
these, contact the organizers to obtain the catalogue of exhibitors, many of whom will be importers.
When attending international trade shows, be sensitive to exhibitors, who will be busy trying to sell
their own product. Introduce yourself, leave a business card and brochure with product information,
and ask if you can call them to arrange an appointment within the timeframe of your visit to discuss
what you can do. Do not try to sell on the spot at these shows; you will likely not succeed.
Consult with the trade representatives at your Embassy in Canada. They can provide help in
identifying potential Canadian importers, or may be able to direct you to an independent researcher
who could provide you with a detailed listing of interested Canadian buyers. Generally, the more
publicity you generate for your company and product, the more interest you will create in buyers.
Take advantage of a buyers personal visit to your country. The Canadian Embassy in your country or
your national export promotion office may have advance notification of such visits. Let them know that
you would like to meet with any visiting buyers in your product line and if possible, contact the buyer
directly to arrange a meeting.
Identify Canadian buyers who are listed on the internet by sector or through buyers guides compiled
by Canadian trade associations listed in the Annex.
Obtain a list of Canadian buyers who have traded with your country and contact them to offer your
products. These lists may be available from your local Chamber of Commerce or foreign trade
ministry. Directories for sale include the Retail Chains Directory and trade magazines Buyers
Guides. Provincial governments also advertise such tenders through their websites. Some of these
directories are expensive, but may be consulted without charge at Canadian public libraries while you
are on a visit here.
Contact any bi-national Chamber of Commerce existing between your country and Canada.
Use trading companies and agents (regional, national or in Canada).
Seek the assistance of your bank or freight forwarding company.
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada also provides information to assist non-Canadian
businesses, including information on How to Do Business with Canada; Expand or Invest in Canada; and
Find a Supplier or Partner.
Dealing with a Buyer: Importers or their agents may visit the production facilities of the supplier to
assess the suppliers capabilities, assure themselves of the quality of production facilities, and to build a
solid trading relationship. Suppliers should maintain good communication with their buyer throughout the
entire sales and after-sales process. In addition to offering value, buyers expect efficient handling of
export procedures by a supplier, as well as reliability, experience, competence, a proven ability to source
and a determined commitment to a long-term business relationship. Canadian importers have reported
that a problem in dealing with new suppliers is that they are often asked to purchase unrealistically large
minimum quantities for a market the size of Canadas. Exporters must bear in mind that the Canadian
market is about 10% the size of the U.S. market and therefore must be prepared to fulfill small orders.
At first contact with an importer in Canada, the exporter will likely be asked for samples. Send
photographs or links to them along with the samples since this is a very visually oriented sector.
Shipments must be accompanied by an Import Declaration form and any related fees for verification of
these forms. In Canada they will be assessed for compliance with regulations and quality standards. Both
containers and their contents will be examined. Canadian buyers usually perform an in-house company
21
packaging
availability of product
importer will request new samples based
logo mould
quality
promptness of repeats
accepted samples and which is delivered
price range
product substitution
product exclusivity
country exclusivity
order revision
schedule may then be sent to Canada. The
special arrangements
22
Price
Since the Canadian market is relatively small, Canadian importers attempt to obtain exclusive importing
rights for the specific items they agree to import. For large production ranges, it is customary to allow
some price discount (5% to 10%) which enables the retailer to cover their operating costs and maintain a
reasonable gross margin. The exporter may also be requested to provide rebates as a result of poor
product quality, damage before or during shipping or late delivery. An exporter may initiate special terms
which allow the exporter to shift warehousing or inventory costs over to the retailers. Large volume orders
may accompany these terms.
According to Neilson Canada, consumers look at more than price when determining value; they also think
about the benefits obtained from the product. If they believe a product with a high price will bring them
great benefits and satisfaction, they will tend to choose that product over a cheaper one that would not
offer them as much benefit.
Although Canadian consumers are relatively price conscious, they are prepared to pay higher prices for
high quality. However, these prices must still be competitive to the alternatives produced in Canada, the
U.S. and Mexico. Retail prices on organic fruits and vegetables are available through:
http://www.certifiedorganic.bc.ca/rcbtoa/services/prices.html#other. While not specific to organic foods,
the Industry Price Index published by Statistics Canada (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/62-011x/2013004/t050-eng.htm) indicates that prices have increased between 2009 and 2013, particularly for
fruits, vegetables and other food products where the price index rose from 117 to 129. For meat, fish and
dairy products, the price index rose less dramatically, from 104 to 111 over the same period. Traditionally,
wholesalers margins are about 30% of the wholesale price, while retailers usually operate on a 30-40%
margin. Importers margins are generally 10%. In the case of problem loads, a commission previously
negotiated between the supplier and importer may be charged and can range anywhere between 12.5%
and 18.5% of the selling price. The exporter may also be requested to provide rebates as a result of poor
product quality, damage before or during shipping or late delivery. For large volumes, exporters may
initiate special terms which allow them to shift warehousing or inventory costs over to the retailers.
23
Wooden Crates: Potential pest infestation by wood packaging material and dunnage is controlled by the
CFIA (www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/for/cwpc/wdpkgqae.shtml). As of April 2013, the Asian Longhorned Beetle was eradicated from Canada. This means that tree materials, including nursery stock,
trees, logs, lumber, wood, and bark chips from tree species that are susceptible to the Asian Long-horned
Beetle, may once again be freely moved out of, or through, previously infested areas.
Containers for Canned and Bottled Fruits and Vegetables: Impeccable material should be used for
cans so that even in the case of long storage and aggressive contents such as tomatoes and asparagus,
there is no danger of metal leaching from the can into the contents. The tin content presently permitted in
Canada is 250 ppm. Preferably, cans with interior enamel or plastic coatings should be used. This coating
must adhere well to the metal so that it does not flake off and mix with the contents. If the coating peels
off, the product is deemed to be tainted and must be destroyed. When jars are used, they should be fitted
with easy-to-open lids such as twist-off/Omnia. Recyclable plastic packaging is popular in Canada since it
is lighter, costs less to transport and is unbreakable. Use of new and environmentally friendly packaging
materials should be explored for this market as outlined earlier in the Trends section of this report.
24
Labelling
Labels on imports must conform to Canadian standards. Exporters should consult with
and have the buyer approve drafts prior to printing. If any requirement of the Canadian
labelling regulations is missing, the goods cannot be sold. Exchanging or attaching
additional labels is time consuming and expensive. Imports bearing a description in a foreign language must have a separate
label in English and French which complies with labelling regulations. The importer in this case is responsible for the labelling.
Pictures and illustrations on the label must correspond to the contents of the package. Ingredients not contained in the product
cannot be shown. Note that U.S. recommended daily allowance (RDA) labels are not accepted here since the RDA differs in the
two countries.
Once accredited and certified, organic products must be labelled according to the Organic Products
Regulations, details of which are provided at: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/organic-products/labellingand-general-information/questions-and-answers/eng/1328081798738/1328081871795. Exporters should
note that the 100% organic claim is not permitted in Canada. Only products with organic content that is
greater than or equal to 95% may be labelled as organic or bear the organic logo. These products must
be certified and the name of the Certification Body must appear on the label. Multi-ingredient products
with 70-95% organic content may have the declaration: contains x% organic ingredients. These
products may not use the organic logo and/or the claim organic. Multi-ingredient products with less than
70% organic content may only contain organic claims in the products ingredient list. These products do
not require certification and may not use the organic logo. However, the organic ingredients contained
within these products must be certified.
For retail food packages in general, information regarding the nature of the product, contents, weight,
composition, grade (if applicable) and producer must be provided. The CFIA Guide to Food Labelling and
Advertising (www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/toce.shtml) provides information on labelling
and advertising requirements, policies and guidelines dealing with specific products, statements and
25
Attractive labels deliver results! To enhance appeal to the consumer, an attractive picture of a serving of
the product is recommended, with the words Serving Suggestion shown in English and French. For
exotic products, a simple recipe provides the consumer with information needed to try the item. Strong
label colours assist in product recognition and impart a premium look. Products which are imported for
further processing in Canada may be deemed Product of Canada if they are finished here and contain at
least 51% Canadian content calculated in relation to the products total direct labour and/or material cost.
Individual provinces may have different requirements for such labelling.
Test Market Foods: A test market food must comply with current legislation in all respects, except for the
bilingual labelling requirement and standardized container sizes. By regulation, for a food to be granted a
Test Market Food status, it must never have been sold in Canada in that form and must differ
substantially from any other food sold in Canada with
Crackers
respect to its composition, function, state or packaging form.
Nutrition Facts
It may be a food for which a manufacturer or distributor has
Per 4 crackers (20g)
been issued a Temporary Marketing Authorization Letter
Amount
% Daily Value
(under the Food and Drugs Regulations). A dealer must, six
Calories 90
5%
weeks prior to conducting the test market, file a Notice of
Fat 3 g
8%
Saturated 0.5 g
Intention to Test Market in the prescribed form and manner.
Allergies: Ingredients that can cause allergic reactions
should be declared on the label and identified by their
common names to allow consumers to easily recognize
them. The priority allergens in Canada are nuts, sesame
seeds, milk, eggs, seafood, soy, wheat and sulphites. A
precautionary labelling policy, e.g., may contain nuts, is
already in place. Such labelling must be truthful and not take
the place of good manufacturing practices. Health Canada
has created a tool called the interactive nutrition label to help
consumers learn how to use nutrition information to make
more informed choices about the foods they buy. The
adjacent sample label is from a box of crackers (a type of
biscuit, usually salted or savory).
+ Trans 1 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 130 mg
5%
Carbohydrate 14 g
5%
Fibre 2 g
8%
Sugars 2 g
Protein 2 g
Vitamin A 0%
Vitamin C 0%
Calcium 0%
Iron 4%
Ingredients: Whole wheat, vegetable oil, shortening,
salt
Fresh fruit and vegetables are exempt from Health Canadas regulations to standardize the presentation and content
of nutrition information on food labels in the form of a Nutrition Facts Box.
5
26
27
Distribution
In 2012, organic foods were sold in Canada through the following outlets:
28
Websites (28%)
that have several functions such as producing, importing, reprocessing,
wholesaling, repackaging and even re-exporting foods. In general, these companies undertake a
considerable amount of work to improve the quality of or adapt their products to meet market demands.
A few manufacturers will service two or even three regions, but are unlikely to cover the entire country.
Often, complete coverage of the consumer market requires representation in the various regions of
Canada. Toronto, the largest metropolitan area and commercial center of the country, is usually the most
logical location for establishing sole representation. From a regional perspective, the country may be
divided geographically into five distinct markets, plus the territories. These are:
The Atlantic Provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and
Labrador (2.4 million persons);
The Province of Qubec (8 million persons);
The Province of Ontario (13.5 million persons);
The Prairie Provinces: Manitoba and Saskatchewan (2.3 million persons);
The Western Provinces: Alberta and British Columbia (8.5 million persons); and
The Territories: Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut (0.1 million persons).
Establishing representation in each of these markets provides optimal coverage and the ability to target
promotional programs to suit specialized market needs. Value for dollar is the predominant purchasing
determinant in both the consumer and industrial markets. Further information on food distributors is
available
through
the
Organic
Trade
Association
directory
of
retail
stores
(http://www.theorganicpages.com/topo/commercialactivity.html?ca=retailstores); Canadian Council of
29
Association
30
31
Import Regulations
Organic products sold in Canada are subject to the Organic Products Regulations, the Consumer
Packaging and Labelling Regulations, and the Food and Drug Regulations. Suppliers of products bearing
organic claims will be expected to demonstrate that the product is organic. All organic products bearing
the organic logo or represented as organic in interprovincial and international trade must comply with the
Organic Products Regulations.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Processed Products Program is responsible for the
following activities:
Compliance rates for labelling, standard/composition verification, net quantity, and container integrity
have all increased in recent years, with the number of detentions issued for imported processed products
declining by 20%. This is primarily due to better importing practices and better sharing of information
between CFIA and importers, including internet postings of guidance documents for importers, issuance
of letters to address specific issues related to imported food products, and better communication of
information through embassies. The CFIA also works with exporting countries to improve compliance of
imported goods with Canadian federal acts and regulations. The CFIAs Automated Import Reference
System (AIRS), available on the internet at http://airs-sari.inspection.gc.ca, provides accurate and timely
information on import requirements based on a products Harmonized System (HS) Code, origin,
destination and end use.
Inspection
If an importer in Canada has received a shipment in a deteriorated condition or has agreed to handle
product in a deteriorated condition, that importer is legally required to request an inspection from the CFIA
within 24 hours of reception. This is to help determine the responsibility for the condition of the load so
that a fair settlement may be made between the shipper and receiver 6. At any time, the CFIA may
randomly inspect any food product to ensure that minimum requirements (grade, labelling, containers and
The CFIA and the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA) have established three regional Import Service Centres in Montreal,
Toronto and Vancouver to more systematically handle importers requests for documentation.
6
32
Tariff Rates
The purpose of duties levied on produce entering Canada is to
protect Canadian producers during their short growing season, not
to generate revenue. Tariffs, therefore, fall only on imported
produce of a kind and variety which is grown in commercial volume
in Canada. A notable exception to this ruling is apples, on which
there is no duty. Any other fruits and vegetables can be imported
duty-free. Tariffs on organic foods range from $4.94/tonne for
organic potatoes to zero for all other organic vegetables. Tariffs on
individual products by HS Code for 2013 are available through the
Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Non-conforming products
may be permitted when there is a shortage in the available supply
from domestic production.
Only the Federal Government may impose duties on goods and services entering Canada; provincial
governments are constitutionally prohibited from doing so. All products entering Canada must be reported
to the CBSA, the federal agency responsible for compliance with Canadas borders legislation. The
importer, using information from the supplier, must provide a thorough description of the goods, including
the ten-digit Harmonized System Codes, and know their value and origin. CBSA can then provide advice
on the appropriate valuation method, classification, and treatment. This is usually done at the point of
entry by a customs broker representing the importer, or by the importer in person. Generally, the goods
are released immediately upon presentation of minimum required documentation. Within a few days
either the importer or the broker must present the final customs documents and pay any duties and taxes
owing. To facilitate the clearance of goods, exporters must ensure that the documentation provided to
importers is timely and complete.
The rate at which duties are assessed depends on the tariff treatment given by Canada to the country
from which imports originate. The tariff treatment can be affected by the origin of raw materials and
components, and includes the Most Favoured Nation Tariff (MFN) for all members of the World Trade
Organization (WTO) and countries enjoying bilateral agreements with Goods which are eligible for reduced rates
Canada; the Commonwealth Caribbean Countries Tariff; the Least of duty under the LDCT may enter
Developed Country Tariff (LDCT); preferential tariff treatment under Canada duty free when, as a general rule,
various free trade agreements; and the General Preferential Tariff at least 20% of the ex-factory price
(GPT) for developing countries. To qualify for any of these tariffs, originates from one or more LDCT country
exporting companies must complete a Certificate of Origin and and 20% from an LDCT or GPT country.
provide import declaration forms for use by Canadian Government inspectors. Remember that an
accurate identification of the origin of the product is vital to ensuring that the most favourable tariff rate is
applied to your product.
33
Further details on import documentation and regulations relating to Canada are provided at: www.cbsaasfc.gc.ca/import/menu-eng.html. This site includes information on:
Licensing
Everyone engaged in the trade of fresh produce inter-provincially and internationally must be licensed
with the CFIA and/or a member of the Dispute Resolution Corporation (DRC). This includes Canadian
dealers, brokers and commission merchants. The type of license issued depends on the primary type of
business the applicant is involved in. The holding of a license must be verified before trading with any
importer as it serves as an important protection for the exporter. A license is normally valid for one year
from the date of issue. This license is subject to suspension or cancellation if the holder of the license
does not comply with regulations. To determine if an importer is licensed, the exporter should contact the
CFIA (www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/frefra/cdnreqe.shtml#a) or the DRC (www.fvdrc.com). If the
Canadian importer is not licensed, the exporter will not have access to the DRC, which offers a valuable
dispute settling service.
Act
(and
Grading
Taxes
The federal government imposes a 5% percent Goods and Services Tax (GST) on almost all goods and
services sold here. Only food sold in grocery stores, medical and dental services and a few others are
34
Antidumping
Through CBSA exporters could access information relating to:
35
The Canadian market is extremely competitive. Exporters should note that any failure on their part to give
buyers excellent service will result in the buyer quickly turning to other suppliers. The following are
important factors in establishing your reputation for reliability:
Establish an attractive, easy to navigate and informative website with contact links to your e-mail.
Always include links to your website in any communication with the buyer.
Check your e-mail constantly! Ensure that you respond within one business day to any e-mails you
receive from suppliers with the information they have requested. This immediately shows the potential
buyer, who gets many of these offers each week, what you are capable of. Buyers who cannot readily
contact an exporter will quickly turn to other sources of supply. Send an interim note if information is
not immediately available. Give a reasonable date for when all the information would be ready and
honour that date. Since Canada is divided into different time zones, e.g., Vancouver is three hours
behind Toronto; communication with a buyer might be at unusual hours.
The buyer looks at your sample and how you handle the request to provide concrete proof of your
capability and an example of how you would handle a potential business relationship. Ensure that you
provide the sample well within the requested timeframe and that the sample is of impressive quality
and value. This will assure the buyer that you are a viable alternative source of supply. Follow-up
orders must match the quality of this sample.
No surprises. Canadians expect delivery of the product they purchase. Unavoidable delays should be
immediately reported and justified to the buyer; ask the buyer to accept the delay.
Provide accurate information and follow up key sales calls in person as soon as possible.
Where applicable, enclose a certificate of analysis of the product and photographs of the
production/processing facilities with the letter of introduction to the importer. This certificate may be
needed to show conformity with Canadian health and safety requirements and should be obtained
from the appropriate authorities in your country.
Get to know the Canadian market and your importer. Read trade publications and visit trade shows
and retail stores in Canada to get a feel for the market.
Establish contact with trading companies or import agents since they may be the most promising
channel for new entries. Hire an agent/importer to represent you in Canada.
If you are asked for exclusive rights to your product, you should include a clause in the contract for a
minimum level of annual purchases. Be flexible and solicit feedback from your buyer on your product
and trade relations. Put all verbal agreements in writing.
Use English (or French in Qubec) in all correspondence and provide information on the product
range, capacities and price list, quoting prices in Canadian or U.S. dollars.
In addition, exporters should remain flexible and be prepared to react quickly to opportunities which may
arise unexpectedly, such as replacing a portion of the U.S./Mexico market share if there are production
setbacks in these countries. As well, given the popularity of ethnic foods in Canada, there may be
opportunities for growers to work with established ethnic food distributors to develop and distribute new
mass-appeal ethnic foods for the North American market; export ingredients for further processing or repackaging in containers more suitable to the Canadian market; and produce easy-to-prepare versions of
traditional ethnic foods. Food processors will probably choose between producing an authentic ethnic
food versus a mass-appeal version for the general marketplace. It may be possible to expand the market
for such ethnic foods by targeting similar ethnic markets in the United States. For example, the Chinese
36
37
Annex
Sources of Information
TFO Canada
56 Sparks Street, Suite 300
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 5A9
Tel.: (613) 233-3925 In Canada: 1-800-267-9674
Fax: (613) 233-7860
E-mail: tfocanada@tfocanada.ca
Health Canada
Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Tower A, Qualicum Towers
2936 Baseline Road, 3rd Floor, A.L. 3303D
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
Tel.: (613) 957-8329
38
Publications
Canadian Grocer
One Mount Pleasant Road, 7th Floor
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4Y 2Y5
Tel.: (416) 764-1673
Fax: (416) 764-1523
39