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CAPTULO IX
Hidrodinmica
(dinmica de fluidos)
FLUIDO IDEAL
Q=
V
= A.v
t
Donde:
Q : caudal o gasto (m3/s)
V : volumen (m3)
t : tiempo (s)
A : rea (m2)
v : velocidad (m/s)
0 = ( P2 P1 ) + 12 .(v2 v1 ) + .g.(h2 h1 )
2
Donde:
P : presin (Pa)
: densidad (kg/m3)
v : velocidad (m/s)
g : gravedad (9,81 m/s2)
h : altura o elevacin (m)
Bernoulli, Daniel
(1700, Groningen - 1782, Basel)
The Bernoulli Effect describes the fact that the pressure of a gas or liquid decreases as the gas or liquid flows more
quickly. This means that if air flows above and below a flat object at different speeds, the slow-moving air will exert
more pressure than the faster-moving air so that the object will be pushed toward the fast-moving air. Airplane wings
are shaped so that air moves faster across the top of the wing than under the bottom. Thus the airplane is pushed
upward, an effect, which is known as lift.
Indy cars are shaped like upside down wings so that air passes more rapidly under the car than above it, and the car
is forced down onto the track. Indy cars also use wings mounted behind the car and small wings on the front of the
car. Early racecars traveled slowly enough so that they had no tendency to take off. As racing speeds increased, the
Bernoulli effect became more important since the difference in the speed of the air above and below the cars
increased. Modern chassis are carefully designed and adjusted during testing to allow the car to travel at maxi- mum
speed without danger of becoming airborne.
8 lI
4 lI
H2O
5m
AIRE
1m
2m
1,5m
FIN