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TOOTH FORMATION
two teeth sets
- primary dentition (deciduous teeth)
- secondary dentition (permanent teeth)
ectodermal origin enamel
mesenchymal origin dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament
neural crest cells from neuroepithelium; form e.g. spinal ganglia, facial
bones and CT, heart septa, melanocytes
ectodermal-mesenchymal interactions
STAGES
dental laminae 6 weeks; upper and lower jaw
- U-shaped thickened oral ectoderm (action of neural crest cells)
+ vestibular laminae vestibule
bud stage (8 weeks) dental lamina grows into neural crest-derived
mesenchyme; 10 buds in each jaw
cap stage (10 weeks)
bell stage (3 months)
enamel, dentin development
root development
STAGES
7 weeks
9 weeks
tongue
vesible
6 months
Sadler 2012
X5 tooth development
160mm fetus
nasal cavity
enamel organ
hard palate
(intramembranous
ossification)
upper lip
vestibule
lower lip
vestibule
tooth primordium
tongue
mandible
(intramembranous
ossification)
HE
condensation of
mesenchymal cells
Nanci 2008
oral epithelium
dental lamina
enamel knot
- induced by dental papilla
enamel knot
*
late bud stage/early cap stage
HE
condensed mesenchyme
(dental papilla)
oral epithelium
outer ameloblasts
stellate reticulum
permanent
tooth bud
dental papilla
inner ameloblasts
ossifying
mandible
dental sac
HE
dental lamina
stellate reticulum
outer ameloblasts
dental sac
stratum intermedium
dental papilla
inner ameloblasts
odontoblasts
ossifying
mandible
oral epithelium
Nanci 2008
ODONTOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION
cell organelles development GER (apical), GA (above nucl.), mitochondria
nuclei move basally
odontoblast process enlargement ECM secretion predentin
matrix vesicles (calcium and phosphate ions) release high ion
concentration hydroxyapatite crystals formation
odontoblast retreat into dental papilla Tomes' fibre
inner ameloblast
differentiation
odontoblast
differentiation
mesenchymal
cell
Berkowitz, Holland 2002
fibroblast
SR
M-dental papilla
mesenchymal cells
OD-odontoblast
differentiation
A-inner ameloblasts
SI-stratum intermedium
SR-stellate reticulum
OA-outer enamel epith.
OA
SI
D
P
PD
O
SI
A
Carlson 1999
V-vessel
P-dental pulp
O-odontoblasts
PD-predentin
D-dentin
E-enamel
A-inner ameloblasts
SI-stratum intermedium
DENTINOGENESIS
during 4th month
first mineralized tooth component
1 - organic matrix production predentin
- type I collagen (extracellular polymerization into fibrils)
- proteoglycans (containing chondroitin- and keratan-sulphate)
- osteocalcin, dentin phosphoprotein and sialoprotein (mineralization)
2 - matrix vesicles production and release into predentin
- high calcium and phosphate ion concentration initiation of HA crystals
formation growth matrix vesicle rupture crystal fusion
AMELOGENESIS
1-PRESECRETORY STAGE
ameloblast differentiation
2-SECRETORY STAGE (matrix production)
secretory-stage ameloblasts
organic matrix formation first proteins (amelogenins, ameloblastins,
enamelins, tuftelins) important for space organization and mineralization
enamel matrix deposited on dentin, immediately partially mineralized
thickness of future enamel is achieved
3-MATURATION STAGE
maturation-stage ameloblasts transport function; cyclical morphological
alterations (cyclical entry of calcium ions) ruffled/smooth border
amelogenin, ameloblastin removal
calcium and phosphate ions influx into matrix, mineralization
vascularization transport from blood to ameloblasts stratum intermedium
enamel formation enamel reticulum reduction, outer enamel epithelium
degeneration
inner ameloblast degeneration after enamel is fully formed (time of tooth
eruption); cervical epithelium forms junctional epithelium
IR
DEJ-dentino-enamel
junction
sg-secretory granules
dpTP-distal portion
of Tomes'process
ppTP-proximal portion
of Tomes' process
IR-nterrod enamel
IR
Nanci 2008
IR
TEM
AMELOGENESIS, DENTINOGENESIS
Dp. Hist. Embr.
HE
SR
E
SI
D
D
SI
PD
A
A
PD
SR
O
P
P-dental pulp
O-odontoblasts
PD-predentin
SI-stratum intermedium
SR-stellate reticulum
D-dentin
E-enamel
A-inner ameloblasts
ROOT FORMATION
when dentin and enamel formation well advanced
epithelial root sheath Hertwig's sheath
- outer and inner ameloblasts come together in neck region
- grows along dental papilla surface
- ameloblasts induce differentiation of odontoblast
cementum formation
- inner dental sac cells cementoblasts cementum production,
deposition on dentin
periodontal ligament
- outer dental sac cells
jaw bone
- partly outer dental sac cells
6 months
ROOT FORMATION
outer
ameloblasts
inner
ameloblasts
odontoblasts
stellate
reticulum
predentin
dental pulp
HE
Nanci 2008