SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SERAT OPTIK

I. PENDAHULUAN

KOMUNIKASI adalah transfer informasi dari satu

titik ke titik yang lain.
Jarak, diperlukan suatu sistem.

FIBER OPTIK
FIBER OPTIK
Fiber Optic adalah media transmisi informasi
yang terbuat dari serat kaca dan plastic yang
menggunakan bias cahaya dalam mentransmisikan data
sehingga memiliki kecepatan transfer data yang
sangat cepat.
1.

The General System

The General Communication System

Information source

Transmitter
(modulator)

Transmission
Medium

Destination

Receiver
(demodulator)

The General System

The Optical Fiber Communication System

Information source

Electrical
Transmit

Optical
Source

Optical Fiber

Destination

Receiver
(demodulator)

Optical
Detector

Optical Fiber Advantages

6

Weight and Size

Material Cost

Fiber cable costs significantly less than copper cable for the same transmission
capacity

Information Capacity

Fiber cable is significantly smaller and lighter than electrical cables to do the
same job

Recently, bit-rates of up to 14 Tbit/s have been reached over a single 160 km

line using optical amplifiers

No Electrical Connection

Electrical connections have problems:

Ground loops (in a conductor connecting two points that are supposed to be at the
same potential, often ground, but are actually at different potentials) causing noises
and interferences
Dangerous (must be protected)
Lightning poses a severe hazard
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Optical Fiber Advantages (Cont)

7

No Electromagnetic Interference

Longer distances between Regenerators (hundreds of

kilometers)
Open Ended Capacity

Because the connection is not electrical, you can neither pick up nor
create electrical interference (the major source of noise)

The maximum theoretical capacity of installed fiber is very great (almost

infinite)

Better Security

It is possible to tap fiber optical cable. But it is very difficult to do and the
additional loss caused by the tap is relatively easy to detect

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Optical Fiber Elements

8

Core

Cladding

Carries the light signal (pure silica glass and

doped with germanium)
Keeps light signal within core (Pure Silica
Glass)

Coating

Protects Optical Fiber From Abrasion and

External Pressures (UV Cured Acrylate)

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Mengapa cahaya bisa bergerak sepanjang

serat optik?
9

Karena ada fenomena Total

Internal Reflection (TIR)
TIR dimungkinkan dengan
membedakan indeks bias (n)
antara core dan clading

Dalam hal ini ncore > ncladding

Memanfaatkan hukum Snellius

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Remembering Snellius
10

ncore > ncladding

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11

Critical angle
the critical angle we know that equals 90 and sin
90 = 1 and so

At

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12

for rays where 1 is less than a critical value then the ray will
propagate along the fiber and will be bound within the fiber
(Total Internal Reflection)

where the angle 1 is greater than the critical value the ray is
refracted into the cladding and will ultimately be lost outside the
fiber
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Numerical Aperture (NA)

13

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Light Modes
14

Can be as few as one mode and as many as tens of

thousands of modes

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Fiber Transmission Windows (Bands)

15

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Transmitter Light Sources

16

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

VCSELsVertical Cavity Surface Emitting

Laser

Used for multimode: 850 nm or 1300 nm

Wide beam width fills multimode fibers
Wider spectrum (typically 50 nm)
Inexpensive
Cannot modulate as fast as lasers

Used for multimode at 850 and 1300 nm

Quite narrow spectrum
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Much less expensive than FP or DFB lasers

Fabry-Perot (FP) and Distributed Feedback

(DFB) Lasers

Used for singlemode: 1310 nm or 1550 nm

Narrow spectrum (can be less than 1 nm)
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Highest power and fastest switchingMost expensive
(especially DFB)

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17

Salah satu cara untuk

mengidenifikasi konstruksi kabel
optik adalah dengan menggunakan
perbandingan antara diameter core
dan cladding. Sebagai contoh
adalah tipe kabel 62.5/125.
Artinya diamater core 62,5 micron
dan diameter cladding 125 micron
Contoh lain tipe kabel:50/125,
62.5/125 dan 8.3/125
Jumlah core di dalam satu kabel
bisa antara 4 s.d. 144

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Klasifikasi Serat Optik

18

Berdasarkan mode gelombang cahaya yang

berpropagasi pada serat optik
Multimode Fibre
Singlemode Fibre

Berdasarkan perubahan indeks bias bahan

Step index fibre
Gradded index fibre

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Tipe konstruksi FO
1.

Loose Tube Cable

2. Tight buffered cable

Jenis konektor Fober Optik

1.

SMA konektor

2.

SC konektor

3.

ST Konektor

4.

FC konektor

Jenis Serat Optik

1.

Single Mode

2.

Multi Mode

JARINGAN LOKAL AKSES FIBER

Jarlokaf adalah jaringan akses yang menggunakan
secara bersama suatu antarmuka jaringan dan di
implementsikan menggunakan serat optik.
1.

FTTC (Fiber To The Crub)

3.

FTTB ( Fiber To The Building)

FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

4.

FTTT (Fiber To The Tower)

2.

Arsitektur dan topologi FTTx

PENYAMBUNGAN SERAT OPTIK

Peleburan (Fusion Splice )
Penyambungan dilakukan
dengan menyolder ujung-ujung
kedua
serat
optik
yang
disesuaikan posisinya.
2. Penyambungan Mekanis
Penyambungan
mekanis
menggunakan elemen biasa dan
teknik
ini
diterapkan
di
lapangan.
1.

PEMBAHASAN
1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Fiber To The Home merupakan suatu format
penghantaran isyarat optis dari pusat penyedia
(Provider) ke kawasan pengguna dengan menggunakan
serat optik sebagai medium penghantarnya

ELEMEN JARINGAN FTTH