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AP 0501 Introduction to Mechanics

EXERCISE 2
1. A person travels by car from one city to another with different constant speeds between
pairs of cities. She drives for 30.0 min at 80.0 km/h, 12.0 min at 100 km/h, and 45.0
min at 40.0 km/h and spends 15.0 min eating lunch and buying gas. (a) Determine the
average speed for the trip. (b) Determine the distance between the initial and final cities
along the route.
2.

You are driving home from school steadily at 95 km h for 130 km. It then begins to
rain and you slow to 65 km h. You arrive home after driving 3 hours and 20 minutes.
(a) How far is your hometown from school? (b) What was your average speed?

3. A jet plane lands with a speed of 100 m/s and can accelerate at a maximum rate of
5.00 m/s2 as it comes to rest. (a) From the instant the plane touches the runaway, what is
the minimum time needed before it come to rest? (b) Can this plane land on a small
tropical island airport where the runaway is 0.800 km long?
4.

A driver in a car traveling at a speed of 60 mi/h sees a deer 100 m away on the
road. Calculate the minimum constant acceleration that is necessary for the car
to stop without hitting the deer (assuming that the deer does not move in the
meantime).

5. A train 400 m long is moving on a straight track with a speed of 82.4 km/h. The
engineer applies the brakes at a crossing, and later the last car passes the crossing with a
speed of 16.4 km/h. Assuming constant acceleration, determine how long the train
blocked the crossing. Disregard the width of the crossing.
6. It is possible to shoot an arrow at a speed as high as 100 m/s. (a) If friction is neglected,
how high would an arrow launched at this speed rise if shot straight up?
How long would the arrow be in the air?
7. A certain freely falling object requires 1.50 s to travel the last 30.0 m before it hits the
ground. From what height above the ground did it fall?
8. A student throws a set of keys vertically upward to his fraternity brother, who is in a
window 4.00 m above. The brothers outstretched hand catches the keys 1.50 s later. (a)
With what initial velocity were the keys thrown? (b) What was the velocity of the keys
just before they were caught?
9.

A person driving her car at 45 km h approaches an intersection just as the traffic light
turns yellow. She knows that the yellow light lasts only 2.0 s before turning red, and
she is 28 m away from the near side of the intersection (Fig. 231). Should she try to
stop, or should she speed up to cross the intersection before the light turns red? The
intersection is 15 m wide. Her cars maximum deceleration is 5.8 m s 2 , whereas it
can accelerate from 45 km h to 65 km h in 6.0 s. Ignore the length of her car and
her reaction time.

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AP 0501 Introduction to Mechanics

10. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 18.0 m s . (a) How fast is it
moving when it reaches a height of 11.0 m? (b) How long is required to reach this
height? (c) Why are there two answers to (b)?
11. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 12.0 m s from the edge of a cliff
70.0 m high (a) How much later does it reach the bottom of the cliff? (b) What is its
speed just before hitting? (c) What total distance did it travel?
12. The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is about one-sixth what it is on Earth. If
an object is thrown vertically upward on the Moon, how many times higher will it go
than it would on Earth, assuming the same initial velocity?
13.

A rocket rises vertically, from rest, with an acceleration of 3.2 m s 2 until it runs
out of fuel at an altitude of 1200 m. After this point, its acceleration is that of gravity,
downward. (a) What is the velocity of the rocket when it runs out of fuel? (b) How
long does it take to reach this point? (c) What maximum altitude does the rocket reach?
(d) How much time (total) does it take to reach maximum altitude?

14. The best leaper in the animal kingdom is the puma, which can jump to a height of 3.5m
when leaving the ground at an angle of 45. With what speed, in SI units, must the
animal leave the ground to reach that height?
15. Tom the cat is chasing Jerry the mouse across the surface of a table 1.5 m above the
floor. Jerry steps out of the way at the last second, and Tom slides off the edge of the
table at a speed of 5.0 m/s. Where will Tom strike the floor, and what velocity
components will he have just before he hits?
16. A tennis player standing 12.6 m from the net hits the ball at 3.00 above the horizontal.
To clear the net, the ball must rise at least 0.330 m. If the ball just clears the net at the
apex of its trajectory, how fast was the ball moving when it left the racquet?
17. An artillery shell is fired with an initial velocity of 300 m/s at 55.0 above the
horizontal. To clear an avalanche, it explodes on a mountainside 42.0 s after firing.
What are the x- and y-coordinates of the shell where it explodes, relative to its firing
point?
18. A brick is thrown upward from the top of a building at an angle of 25 to the horizontal
and with an initial speed of 15 m/s. If the brick is in flight for 3.0 s, how tall is the
building?
19. A placekicker must kick a football from a point 36.0 m (about 39 yd) from the goal, and
the ball must clear the crossbar, which is 3.05 m high. When kicked, the ball leaves the
ground with a velocity of 20.0 m/s at an angle of 53 to the horizontal. (a) By how
much does the ball clear or fall short of clearing the crossbar? (b) Does the ball
approach the crossbar while still rising or while falling?
20. A fireman 50.0 m away from a burning building directs a stream of water from a
ground-level fire hose at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. If the speed of the
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AP 0501 Introduction to Mechanics

stream as it leaves the hose is 40.0 m/s, at what height will the stream of water strike
the building?
21.