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Programa de
Entrenamiento Acelerado
para Supervisores de Pozo
Reologa
Reologa es la ciencia que estudia el flujo y la
deformacin de la materia.
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Aplicaciones en Cementacin :
2. Flujo Turbulento
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1. Flujo Laminar
Flujo Lminar
V=0
V max
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V=0
Flujo Turbulento
DIRECTION OF FLOW
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Movimiento Tortuoso
F
r
Esfuerzo de Corte
F
A
Velocidad de Corte
dv
dr
Viscosidad
= Esfuerzo de corte
Velocidad de corte
= V2 - V1
r
A
A
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V2
Stress
Z
O
N
E
TURBULENT
FLOW
T
R
A
N
S
I
T
I
O
N
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LAMINAR
FLOW
T
R
A
N
S
I
T
I
O
N
BINGHAM
PLASTIC
HERSCHEL
BULKLEY
Z
O
N
E
POWER
LAW
Shear rate
NEWTONIAN
March 10, 2004 JB
NON-NEWTONIAN
Modelos de Flujo
Para representacin matemtica, los siguientes modelos son
usados:
Non
Newtonian
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1. Modelo Newtoniano
Modelo Newtoniano
=
viscosidad = Constante
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dv
dv
dr
dr
p
p : Viscosidad Plstica
=
=
y + p dv
dr
dv/dr
+ p
dv
dr
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n
K
dv
dr
RELACION EXPONENCIAL
dr
Escala LOG-LOG :
dv
PROPIEDADES MEDIDAS:
Esfuerzo de Corte
Velocidad de corte
Fuerza de Gel
EQUIPO USADO:
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Bob
Taza de
Muestra
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Eje
Viscosimetro FANN
Casi todos tienen 6 rotaciones.
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Resistencia de Gel
El comportamiento reologico de los fluidos es tiempo-dependiente
GEL
GEL
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
INCREASING
INCREASING
SHEAR
SHEAR
RATE
RATE
DECREASING
DECREASING
SHEAR
SHEAR
RATE
RATE
YIELD
YIELD POINT
POINT
SHEAR
SHEAR RATE
RATE
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SHEAR
SHEAR
STRESS
STRESS
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2
Spring correction factor (lb/ft )
SCF =
rpm x
=
=
2
60
..
2
n'
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dv
dr
x SCF x 100
( 2 )
n'
RBR
(2 )
n'
RBR -1
33
0.00848
44
0.01831
0.5
0.005302
0.01045
0.0212
0.04578
0.0106
0.02091
0.0424
0.09156
0.02121
0.04181
0.0848
0.1831
0.03181
0.06272
0.1272
0.2747
0.04241
0.08363
0.1696
0.3662
0.05302
0.1045
0.212
0.4578
10
0.106
0.2091
0.424
0.9156
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0.2
11
0.002121
BOB
BOB No
No
22
0.004181
11
22
33
1.068
1.022
1.5
1.5
1.544
3.107
2.136
2.04
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ROTOR No
VISCOSITY =
==
SHEAR RATE
x scf x 47880
rpm x
(cp)
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SHEAR STRESS
Ejemplo 1
Con los siguientes datos :
RPM
()
100
66
33
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300
200
100
Solucin Ejemplo 1
120
120
dv/dr
300
300
511
100
100 106
106
80
80
200
200
340
66
66
60
100
100
170
33
33
100
100
70
70
40
40
35
35
x
x
x
20
20
100
100
Newtonian:
300
300
= dv , =
dr
dv/dr
= x scf x 47880
rpm x
or =
March 10, 2004 JB
200
=
dv/dr
= 99.5 cp
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RPM
RPM
(a)
Plastic viscosity =
where
( 1 - )
rpm1- rpm
scf x 47880
((cp)
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(b)
Metodo Simplificado
a. BINGHAM PLASTIC
b. POWER LAW
n' = 2.16 Log (300 / 100)
K'=
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y = 300 - p
Ejemplo II
Dado las siguientes lecturas :
Lectura del Dial ()
300
130
200
96
100
63
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FANN RPM
Solucion Ejemplo II
= y +
PLASTIC VISCOSITY:
y
dv/dr
p =
((300 100 ) scf x 47880
p =
x dv/dr
= x scf x 100
dv/dr == rpm x
140
140
==
S x scf x 47880
120
120
100
100
1.6991
S = slope
..
y = 30 x 0.0106 x 100
. ..
SLOPE =
130 - 63
22
= 31.8 lbf/100ft
= 0.335
300 - 100
..... p = 0.335 X 0.0106 x 47880
1.6991
= 100.06 cp
80
80
60
60
300
100
)) x 1.5
40
40
20
20
2 POINT METHOD:
(
100
100
200
200
300
300
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10 x scf
n
DONDE
K'
(3n' + 1)
4n'
4n'
n'
n'
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(b)
Derivacion de K
dv n'
dr
= x scf ,
= K'
= rpm x
(rpm x ) n'
Log + log scf = Log K' + n' log rpm + n' Log
K' = 10
Log I
x scf
n'
- Log scf
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x scf = K'
dv
dr
Ejemplo III
Dado el siguiente :
FANN RPM
DIAL LECTURA
56
200
47
100
35
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300
60
60
50
50
xx
xx
Log
22
40
40
xx
20
20
11
10
10
0.61
0.61
100
100
200
200
300
300
11
rpm
RPM
RPM
Log
Log
rpm
rpm
Log
Log
300
300
2.47
2.47
56
56
1.75
1.75
200
200
2.30
2.30
47
47
1.67
1.67
100
100
2.0
2.0
35
35
1.54
1.54
22
33
Log rpm
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30
30
xxx
GRADIENT
= 0.46
==
..
0.46
60
== 1.84
Consistency Index, K' =
10 0.61
x 0.0106
1.84
0.46
nn
' /ft2
2
))
( 0.46
0.46
1.068
(
1.068
2
0.46
))
-1
-1
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K'
10II x scf
=
(()''
3 x 0.46+1 0.46
4 x 0.46
n' 2
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= 0.033
n'
Unidades de campo
(
1. Shear rate
dv )
dr
1
3. Apparent viscosity
==
-1
sec-1
lbf/100ft 22
Shear Stress
Shear rate
(Reciprocal second)
lbf/100ft 2
lbf/ft2
5. Bob Deflection
n' (dimensionless
7. Consistency Index
K' =
= degrees
n
lbfsn/ft 2
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2. Shear Stress
CemCADE
Actualmente, se usa el CemCADE para :
+ k ()n
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Definiciones.
Esfuerzo de Corte ( Shear Stress)
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Definiciones.
Velocidad de Corte ( Shear Rate )
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Definiciones.
Viscosidad Aparente.
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