Aws c2 25 Thermal Spray Feedstock PDF

AWS C2.25/C2.
25M:2002
An American National Standard
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Specification for
Thermal Spray
FeedstockSolid
and Composite
Wire and Ceramic
Rods
Copyright American Welding Society

Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
An American National Standard
Key Words Thermal spray, feedstock, ferrous,

nonferrous, ceramic rod, chemical
composition, solid and composite
wires
Approved by
American National Standards Institute
April 23, 2002
Specification for
Thermal Spray Feedstock
Solid and Composite Wire
and Ceramic Rods
Prepared by
AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray
Under the Direction of
AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This specification provides the as-manufactured chemical composition classification requirements for solid and composite wires and ceramic rods for thermal spraying. Requirements for standard sizes, marking, manufacturing, and packaging are included.
550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

Not for Resale
Statement on Use of AWS American National Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American
National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are
included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry
the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the
governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all
cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards.
Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by
agreement between the contracting parties.
International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-656-9
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
2002 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings
together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process
and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or
verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.
AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this
standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.
In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on
behalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone
else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice
of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.
This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.
Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement
of any patent resulting from the use or reliance on this standard.
Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.
Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the Managing Director Technical Services, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
(see Annex B). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may
be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These
individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray. It must be reviewed every
five years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or
deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to
AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray
and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to
attend all meetings of the AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray to express their comments verbally. Procedures for
appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical
Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune
Road, Miami, FL 33126.
Photocopy Rights
Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, or
educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that the
appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400;
online: http://www.copyright.com.

Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly (errata). Such errata, when discovered, are shown on the
American Welding Society web page (www.aws.org) under Technical in the Departments column.
Personnel
AWS C2 Committee on Thermal Spray
E. Rybicki, Chair
T. Call, 1st Vice Chair
M. Bhusari, 2nd Vice Chair
E. Mitchell, Secretary
*M. Alan
C. C. Berndt
R. S. Brunhouse, Jr.
*T. Bernecki
M. R. Dorfman
R. A. Douty
R. O. Drossman
*R. J. Dybas
*D. Filippis
G. L. Fillion
*R. H. Frost
S. Goodspeed
A. J. Grubowski
D. Hale
*E. S. Hamel
J. O. Hayden
*J. Herbstritt
R. Holdsworth
D. A. Lee
R. L. McCaw
R. McGrann
H. Novak
*E. R. Novinski
S. Rangaswamy
L. Russo
K. Sampath
*E. R. Sampson
M. F. Smith
R. A. Sulit,
*J. Streeter
*R. H. Unger
*T. H. Via
*J. Watson
*J. Wen
M. Wixson
J. B. C. Wu
The University of Tulsa

Power Spray, Inc.
Praxair Surface Technologies
American Welding Society
Brookhaven National Laboratory
SUNY
A&A Co., Inc.
BIRL, Northwestern University
Sulzer Metco
Westinghouse Electric Co.
Wear Management Services, Inc.
General Electric Co.
Plasma Coating Corp.
Wall Colmonoy Corp.
Colorado School of Mines
Miller Thermal, Inc.
Naval Sea Systems Command
INEEL
Norton Co.
Hayden Corp.
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
ABS Industrial Verification
Stoody Deloro Stellite, Inc.
Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division
SUNY Binghamton
USBI Co.United Technologies
Sulzer Metco (Westbury)
Wall Colmonoy Corp.
SUNY at Stony Brook
Concurrent Technologies Corp.
TAFA Praxair
Sandia National Lab

Sulit Engineering
Chilean Navy
TAFA Praxair
Via Technologies
Hard Face Welding and Machine
Shenyang Polytechnic University
Thermion Metallizing Systems
Deloro Stellite Co., Inc.
*Advisor
iii
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
AWS C2J Subcommittee on Surfacing Materials for Thermal Spraying

--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
J. B. C. Wu, Chair
R. A. Sulit, Vice Chair
E. F. Mitchell, Secretary
C. Arata
G. A. Croopnick
M. R. Dorfman
R. A. Douty
G. L. Fillion
F. J. Hermamek
B. Mosier
**C. L. Null
*S. Rangaswamy
*E. Sampson
J. L. Scott
E. R. Stevens
*R. D. Thomas, Jr.
L. T. Vernam
Deloro Stellite Co., Inc.

Sulit Engineering
Anval Inc.
Amphorous Technologies International
Sulzer-Metco
Bechtel Bettis Laboratory
Wall Colmonoy Corp.
Praxair Thermal Spray
Polymet Corp.
Naval Sea Systems Command
Colmonoy Corp.
TAFA Praxair
Devasco International, Inc.
Fisher Controls International
R. D. Thomas and Co.
AlcoTec Wire Co.
*Advisor
**Correspondence
iv
Not for Resale
Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002, Specification for Thermal Spray FeedstockSolid and
Composite Wire and Ceramic Rods, but is included for information purposes only.)
Thermal spray users following this specification may decide in many, but not all, cases that a thermal spray wire or
ceramic rod from one manufacturer is interchangeable with that from another. The classification tests permit identification
of similar thermal spray wires and ceramic rods.
This specification was developed pursuant to a request from the U.S. Army Material Technology Center to incorporate
MIL-W-6712C, Metallizing Wire, as an American Welding Society Standard.
v
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
Table of Contents
Page No.
Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................... iii
Foreword.......................................................................................................................................................................v
List of Tables............................................................................................................................................................. viii
List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................... viii
1. Scope .....................................................................................................................................................................1
2. Reference Documents ...........................................................................................................................................1
3. Significance and Use .............................................................................................................................................1
4. Basis of Classification ...........................................................................................................................................2
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5. Certification...........................................................................................................................................................2
6. Test Methods and Retest ......................................................................................................................................2
6.1 Chemical Analysis ........................................................................................................................................2
6.2 Retest ............................................................................................................................................................2
7. Method of Manufacture.........................................................................................................................................8
8. Standard Sizes .......................................................................................................................................................8
9. Finish and Uniformity ...........................................................................................................................................8
10. Standard Packaging Forms....................................................................................................................................9
10.1 Coils with Support ........................................................................................................................................9
10.2 Spools............................................................................................................................................................9
10.3 Ceramics Rods ............................................................................................................................................10
11. Winding Requirements........................................................................................................................................10
11.1 Winding.......................................................................................................................................................10
11.2 Cast and Helix.............................................................................................................................................10
12. Solid and Composite Wire and Ceramic Rod Identification ...............................................................................11
13. Packaging ............................................................................................................................................................11
14. Marking of Packages ...........................................................................................................................................12
14.1 Product Information ....................................................................................................................................12
14.2 Precautionary Information .........................................................................................................................12
Nonmandatory Annexes..............................................................................................................................................13
Annex AGuide to Ventilation and Personnel Protection During Thermal Spraying...............................................13
Annex BTechnical Inquiries ....................................................................................................................................17
vii
Not for Resale
List of Tables
Table
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Page No.
Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Ferrous Thermal Spray Wires............................................3
Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Nonferrous Thermal Spray Wires......................................4
Chemical Composition Requirements for Cored Composite Thermal Spray Wires .....................................6
Chemical Composition Requirements for Thermal Spray Ceramic Rods .....................................................7
Standard Sizes for Thermal Spray Wires .......................................................................................................9
Standard Sizes for Thermal Spray Ceramic Rods..........................................................................................9
Standard Packaging Dimensions and Weight for Thermal Spray Wires......................................................10
List of Figures
Figure
1
2
3
A1
Page No.
Thermal Spray Feedstock Classification System Format ..............................................................................8
Dimensions of Standard 12- and 14-in. [300- and 350-mm] Spools ...........................................................11
Dimensions of Standard 22-, 24-, and 30-in. [560-, 610-, and 760-mm) Spools.........................................12
Arc Spraying 85/15 Zn/Al on the Interior of a 7-ft Diameter Steel Water Pipe
Over the Missouri River, 1998 .....................................................................................................................15
viii
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Specification for Thermal Spray Feedstock

Solid and Composite Wire and Ceramic Rods
1. Scope
(4) ASTM E 354, Test Method for Chemical Analysis

of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other
Similar Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
(5) ASTM E 363, Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Chromium and Ferrochromium
of Zinc and Zinc Alloys
(7) ASTM E 926, Test Method for Preparing RefuseDerived Fuel (RDF) Samples for Analysis of Metals
(8) ASTM STP 747, New Analytical Techniques for
Trace Constituents of Metallic and Metal Bearing Ores
(9) ASTM STP 944, Chemical Analysis of Metals
(10) ASTM DS-56/SAE HS-1086, Metals and Alloys
in the Unified Numbering System
The following AWS2 standard is referenced in the
mandatory sections of this document:
(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
The following ISO3 standard is referenced in the mandatory sections of this document:
(1) ISO 544, Filler Materials for WeldingSize
Requirements
This specification prescribes requirements for the

classification of ferrous and nonferrous solid and composite wires and ceramic rods as manufactured, for thermal spraying.
Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the
scope of this standard and, therefore, are not fully addressed herein. Some safety and health information is
available from other sources, including, but not limited
to, ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied
Processes, and applicable federal and state regulations.
This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary
Units and the International System of Units (SI). The
measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other without
combining in any way when referring to thermal-spray
feedstock and the deposited coating. The specification
with the designation C2.25 uses U.S. Customary Units.
The specification C2.25 M uses SI Units. The latter are
shown within brackets [ ] or in appropriate columns in
tables and figures.
2. Reference Documents
3. Significance and Use
The following ASTM1 standards are referenced in the

mandatory sections of this document:
(1) ASTM E 29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with
Specifications
of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (referee)
(3) ASTM E 227, Standard Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum
Alloys by the Point-to-Plane Technique
This specification defines the as-manufactured chemical composition classification requirements for solid and
composite wires and ceramic rods for thermal spraying.
Requirements for standard sizes, marking, manufacturing, and packaging are included.
2. AWS standards can be obtained from Global Engineering
Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 801125776, Telephone (800) 854-7179, (303) 397-7956, Fax (303)
307-2740, Internet www.global.his.com.
3. ISO standards can be obtained from American National
Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY
10036-8002.
1. ASTM standards can be obtained from American Society of

Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
1
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
This specification may be used to classify and procure

solid and composite wire and ceramic rods for thermal
spraying.
cordance with the round-off method given in ASTM E 29,

Standard practice for Using Significant Digits in Test
Data to Determine Conformance with this Specification.
4. Basis of Classification
6. Test Methods and Retest
4.1 The thermal-spray solid and composite wires, and ceramic rods in this specification are classified using a system that is independent of U.S. Customary Units and the
International System of Units (SI). The classification is
according to chemical composition of the thermal-spray
material as specified in Tables 1 through 4. Table 1 lists
the chemical composition of solid ferrous wires. Table 2
lists the chemical composition of solid nonferrous wires.
Table 3 lists the chemical composition of the mixture of
the sheath and core material of composite wires. Table 4
lists the chemical composition of ceramic rods.
6.1 Chemical Analysis
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6.1.1 The chemical compositions of ferrous and nonferrous solid and composite wire and ceramic rod feedstock are defined in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. The chemical
composition shall be determined by emission spectrochemical analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and wet chemical analysis, singly or in
combination, in accordance with one or more of the following standards, or as agreed to by the purchaser and
supplier:
of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (referee)
(2) ASTM E 227, Standard Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum
Alloys by the Point-to-Plane Technique
of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other
Similar Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
(4) ASTM E 363, Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Chromium and Ferrochromium
(5 ASTM E 536, Test Method for Chemical Analysis
of Zinc and Zinc Alloys
(6) ASTM E 926, Test Method for Preparing RefuseDerived Fuel (RDF) Samples for Analysis of Metals
(7) ASTM STP 747, New Analytical Techniques for
Trace Constituents of Metallic and Metal Bearing Ores
(8) ASTM STP 944, Chemical Analysis of Metals
4.2 The system for classifying the thermal-spray feedstock under this AWS standard is using W, CW, and CR
as the prefix designation for solid-alloy and solidcomposite wires, cored-composite wires, and ceramic
rods respectively, followed by the chemical composition
in decreasing percentage order (see Figure 1).
4.3 Thermal-spray solid and composite wires and ceramic
rods classified under one classification shall not be classified under any other classification in this specification.
5. Certification
5.1 The act of placing the C2.25 specification and classification designations on the packaging enclosing the
product, or the classification on the product itself, constitutes the suppliers (manufacturers) certification that the
product meets all of the requirements of the specification.
6.1.2 The sampling for chemical analysis shall be for:

(1) Solid Wires. A representative sample obtained
from each heat during pouring or subsequent processing.
(2) Cored Composite Wires and Ceramic Rods. A representative sample obtained from a melt or a firing of a
representative sample (melt button) of a lot of the product manufactured at the same time. The chemical composition can be determined by other than a melt button or as
agreed by the purchaser and supplier.
5.2 The only testing requirement implicit in this certification is that the manufacturer has actually conducted
the tests required by the specification on material that is
representative of that being shipped and that material met
the requirements of the specification. Representative material, in this case, is material from any production run of
that classification using the same formulation. Certification is not construed to mean that tests of any kind were
necessarily conducted on samples of the specific material
shipped. Tests on such material may or may not have
been conducted. The basis for the certification required
by the specification is the classification test of representative material cited above, and the Manufacturers
Quality Assurance Program.
6.1.3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analytical methods. For elements not covered by the above
listed test methods, the referee test method per ASTM
E 34, shall be used or as otherwise agreed upon between
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.2 Retest
6.2.1 If the results of any test fail to meet the requirement, that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both
retests shall meet the requirements. Specimens for retest
may be taken from the original sample. For chemical
5.3 For the purpose of determining conformance with this

specification, an observed or calculated value shall be
rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place figures
used in expressing the limiting values for quantities in ac-
2
Not for Resale

--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Not for Resale
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Stainless
Steel(5)
Alloy
Steel(4)
Carbon
Steel(3)
420
316
316L
316LSi
202
304
1010
Alloy
0.080
0.120
0.150
0.060
0.080
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.300.40
1.0
1.0
0.10
0.080.15
0.150.23
0.180.28
0.80
0.500.90
1820
1719
1719
1719
1820
1820
1820
1214
1214
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
2.00
1.50
7.510.0
7.09.0
1.02.5
1.02.5
1.02.5
1.00
0.60
2.03.0
2.03.0
2.03.0
0.150.25
1.03.0
8.011.0
7.09.0
4.06.0
4.06.0
1114
1114
1114
1.00
0.60
3.75.0
0.045
0.060
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.020
0.030
1.00
0.50
1.00
0.080
0.300.65
0.300.65
0.651.00
0.080
0.50
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.020
Cu
Cu
Cu
Ti
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.110.15
0.040
0.020
0.030
1.72.0
0.250.40
2.50
0.35(6)
0.50
0.35(6)
Rem
Rem
Rem
0.050
0.050
0.030
0.050
0.35
0.10
0.045
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.200.60
1.01.5
0.300.60
0.70
0.400.90
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
1.62.0
1.351.65
1.02.0
Amount
Others
Si
Ni
Mo
Mn
Fe
Cr
Single values shown are maximum percentages. Rem = remainder,

SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
Carbon steels nominally contain <1.5 Mn, <0.35 Si, and <0.90 C.
Alloy steels nominally contain higher Mn, Si, or Cr content than carbon steels.
Stainless steels nominally contain >10 Cr.
0.50 maximum for arc spraying.
Notes:
S30481
S30280
S20281
S20280
S31680
S31683
S31681
S41683
S42080
T87515
T87510
T87520
W-FeCrMn
W-FeCrC
W-FeNiCr
W-FeCrNi-1
W-FeCrNi-2
W-FeCrNi-3
W-FeCrNi-4
W-FeCrNi-5
W-FeCrNi-6
W-FeCrNi-7
W-FeCrNi-8
W-FeCrNi-9
G10090
H15220
G10200
G10750
G10800
W-FeC-1
W-FeC-2
W-FeC-3
W-FeC-4
W-FeC-5
C2.25
UNS
Common
Classification Number(2)
Name
Composition, Weight Percent(1)
Table 1
Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Ferrous Thermal Spray Wires
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002

A91350
A94043
A94047
A95356
A71001
L01950
C11080
C51800
W-Al-1350
W-Al-4043
W-Al-4047
W-Al-5356
W-Al-Al2O3
W-Cd
W-Cu
W-CuSn
Not for Resale
Nickel-ChromiumIron
Nickel-Chromium,
high iron
Nickel-Chromium,
low iron
0.25
0.10
0.15
Nickel Aluminum(5) 1727
N06004
W-NiAl-2
0.15
46
Nickel Aluminum
W-NiCrFe-3
N01002
W-NiAl-1
Nickel
Nickel
N06078
N01001
W-Ni-2
W-NiCrFe-2
N02200
W-Ni-3
Molybdenum
0.4
N02202
W-Mo
Silver alloy
N06076
R03615
W-CuZnAg
Naval brass
W-NiCrFe-1
C56000
W-CuZn-3
Machinable brass
Commercial brass
910
1426
C47000
W-CuZn-2
Aluminum bronze
Phosphor bronze
Copper
Cadmium
88 min
Al MMC(3)
Rem
Rem
99.50
min
99.00
min
Al
5356 Mg Aluminum Rem
4047 Silicon
Aluminum
4043 Silicon
Aluminum
1350 Aluminum
1100 Aluminum
Common Name
W-NiAlFe
C22000
C26800
W-CuZn-1
C61800
A91100
W-Al-1100
W-CuAl
UNS
No.(2)
C2.25
Classification
1418
1417
1921
2.55.5
0.05
0.20
0.01
Cr
Fe
Mn
0.5
0.5
0.25
3739
5761
6469
8991
88.0
min
93.5
96.5
99.8
min
0.10
0.30
0.30
0.05
Rem
610
3.0
1723
0.6
1.0
0.06
0.05
0.71.3
0.40
0.8
0.8
0.40
1.0
1.0
1.0
99.0
min
Mo
97 min
0.3
Ni
57 min
72 min
75 min
Rem
Rem
Rem
99.0 min
(Continued)
0.35
0.5
0.05
0.20
0.15
0.05
0.01
0.05 0.95
0.05
0.20 (Fe+Si)
Cu
0.03
0.35
0.15
0.05
Pb
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.04
Sb
1.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.25
11.0
13.0
4.5
6.0
0.10
0.95
(Fe+Si)
Si
0.51.0
3.56.0
Sn
0.06
0.20
0.20
0.02
(V+Ti)
Ti
3034
Rem
Rem
Rem
0.30
0.10
0.20
0.10
0.10
Zn
Ti
ZrO2
Total
Total
Ag
Cd
Al2O3(4)
(4),(6)
Mg
(4),(6)
Mg
(4),(6)
Mg
(4),(7)
GaB
(4),(6)
Others
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 2
Chemical Composition RequirementsTable
for Solid
Nonferrous Thermal Spray Wires
2
0.5
1.54.5
2.0
1.0
2931
99.8 min
812
4.55.5(6)
0.10(6)
0.05(6)
0.03(6)
0.05(7)
(4),(6)
Amount
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002

Nickel Copper
Babbitt, lead free
Babbitt, tin based
L53105
W-SnCuSb
W-SnSbCu-1 L13890
Not for Resale
Babbitt
80/20 Tin-Zinc
W-SnSbCu-3 L13893
L13201
L13202
R50120
Z13005
Z15005
Z30402
Z30700
W-SnZn-1
W-SnZn-2
W-Ti
W-Zn-1
W-Zn-2
W-ZnAl-1
W-ZnAl-2
Al
14.0
16.0
1.52.5
0.01
0.002
0.10
0.50
0.25
0.30
Cr
4446
2123
Cu
0.020
0.005
0.010
24
35
3.54.5
45
0.75
2628
Rem
Fe
0.020
0.003
2.5
13
1.5
2.0
Mn
Mo
911
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
(1) Single values are maximum percentages unless a minimum is specified. Rem = remainder.
(2) SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
(3) Vol-% Aluminum Assn. 1060 alloy with addition of 8 to 12 vol-% Al2O3 powder, 810 m diameter.
(4) 0.0008 percent Be maximum.
(5) The materials will produce an exothermic reaction during spraying.
(6) All other elements typically analyzed for the wire: 0.05 max each; 0.15 max total.
(7) All other elements typically analyzed for the wire: 0.03 max each; 0.10 max total.
85/15 ZincAluminum
98/2 ZincAluminum
99.9 Zinc
99.99 Zinc
Titanium
70/30 Tin-Zinc
Babbitt
W-SnSbCu-2 L13892
Tin
Babbitt, lead based
Antimony-Lead
Lead
L13010
L50045
W-Pb
W-Sn
N04406
W-NiCu-2
Nickel Copper
L53105
N04405
W-NiCu-1
Nickel-ChromiumTitanium
L53465
N06070
W-NiCrTi
Nickel-ChromiumMolybdenum
Common Name
W-PbSbSn
N06021
W-NiCrMo
W-PbSn
UNS
No.(2)
C2.25
Classification
Rem
6370
(Ni+Co)
Rem
Rem
Ni
00.030
00.003
0.50
0.35
7680
Rem
99.5
min
Pb
0.04
Sb
45
1213
57
68
69
7.08.0
Table 2 (Continued)
Si
0.25
0.5
Sn
0.001
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
9091
99.7
min
810
Ti
99.8
min
34
Zn
Rem
Rem
99.9
min
99.99
min
2634
1921
Total
Total
Cd
Cd
Total
Others
0.050
0.100
0.020
0.003
34
Amount
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002

Not for Resale
1416
W87740
W86142
W89740
W89240
CW-NiCrFe
CW-NiCrMo
CW-NiCrSiB
CW-NiFeAl
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
(1) Single values shown are maximum percentages. Rem = remainder.
(2) SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
Alloy 625
Self-Fluxing Alloy
Nickel-Aluminum-Molybdenum 5.06.0
911
Nickel-Chromium-AluminumYttrium
Nickel-Chromium-Iron
W89342
W89343
CW-NiAlMo
CW-NiCrAlY
67
Nickel-Chrome-Aluminum
W89341
45
1316
0.51.5
Metamorphic Alloy
Metamorphic Alloy
Metamorphic Alloy
Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten Vanadium Carbide
Iron-Manganese-Aluminum
Chromium-Iron-Boron
Cobalt Hardfacing
Al
CW-NiCrAl
CW-FeCrB
W46440
CW-FeCrNiB
W46540
CW-FeCrNiMoB W46640
W77640
CW-FeWC
W41036
W41039
W42040
W43070
W74532
W74535
W89640
CW-FeCr-1
CW-FeCr-2
CW-FeCr-3
CW-FeCr-4
CW-FeCrC-1
CW-FeCrC-2
CW-FeCrNiB
W77540
W61626
W60658
CW-CuAlFe
CW-CuSnSi
CW-FeVWC
W74630
CW-CrFeB
W79840
410 Nickel Molybdenum SS

410 Nickel SS
420 SS
430 SS
Hardfacing Alloy
Hardfacing Alloy
Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Boron
W73138
CW-CoMoCr
CW-FeMnAl
Aluminum Bronze
Silicon Bronze
W73136
CW-CoCrW
Cobalt Hardfacing
UNS
Number(2) Common Name
C2.25
Classification
0.08
0.901.30
0.51.5
3.55.5
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
2.53.5
8.010.0
0.5
1820
5
1.03.5
1723
1719
2023
1218
35
0.10
0.51.0
2.53.0
2.1
1.5
2.2
2.0
12
Rem
Rem
Rem
10
8.0
1.0
4.55.5
4.2
3.5
1.0
1.8
1.25
1.5
1.0
1.5
68
0.51.5
4.55.5
3.24.2
Total
Others
Ti
Ta
Nb
5.07.0
1517
5660
W
V
W
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5
2.5
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
5.06.0
Rem
4.06.0
Rem
Amount
Sn
Co
W
Co
Others
1.52.5
2.53.5
3.23.8
1.5
Si
2.2
2.7
0.400.70 4.05.0
3.04.0
0.75
2.0
2.04.0
2.0
2931
3.54.5
Ni
2123
1820
32
25
25
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.5
2.5
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
2.53.5
1113
1214
1214
1618
1821
2428
3032
2730
1.0
Mo
0.20
0.20
0.20
2.03.0
3.54.5
3.54.5
1.0
Mn
35
3436
Fe
Rem
Rem
Cu
Rem
1719
2731
Cr
4.3
2.5
3.0
1.0
0.06
0.06
0.200.40
0.600.80
4.05.0
1.52.0
2.53.5
79
Table 3
Chemical Composition Requirements for Cored Composite Thermal Spray Wires
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002

Not for Resale
Chrome Oxide
Chrome Oxide
Chrome Oxide
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Oxide
Alumina Titania
Alumina Titania
Alumina Titania
Spinel
Zirconium Oxide
Zirconium Oxide
Zirconium Oxide
Magnesium Zirconate
Zirconium Silicate
CR-Cr2O3-1
CR-Cr2O3-2
CR-Cr2O3-3
CR-Al2O3-1
CR-Al2O3-2
CR-Al2O3-3
CR-Al2O3-4
CR-Al2O3-5
CR-Al2O3-6
CR-Al2O3-7
CR-Al2O3-8
CR-ZrO2-1
CR-ZrO2-2
CR-ZrO2-3
CR-ZrO2-4
CR-ZrO2-5
3.33.7
3.84.4
0.03
0.20.3
0.81.0
0.20.4
2.73.2
0.30.5
0.30.4
3742
0.40
0.08
0.04
0.08
0.09
0.40.5
0.30.5
0.10.2
0.20.3
0.10.2
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.07
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0.06
0.07
0.02
2122
0.30.5
7.68.3
0.30.4
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.40.5
0.20.4
0.20.4
3233
0.10
0.10.2
0.01
0.20.4
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.10.3
0.10.3
0.10
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
3.03.2
1216
3943
0.04
0.030.07
0.09
0.02
0.03
0.40.6
0.20.4
0.20.4
0.10.3
0.70.9
0.04
0.10
0.71.1
0.60.8
0.40.6
0.40.6
1.61.8
0.10.2
0.03
0.10.2
0.10
0.10.3
0.10.3
0.10.3
0.30.4
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
Rem
0.60.8
2.02.6
0.090.13
0.81.1
Y2O3
3.53.7
2.73.1
0.10.2
MgO
ZrO2
0.10.2
NaO2
0.10.2
0.20.4
TiO2
0.30.7
0.60.9
0.20.3
Fe2O3
1113
7.98.9
5.26.8
SiO2
Rem
Rem
Rem
Cr2O3
0.60.7
1.11.5
0.10.2
CaO
2.02.4
2.83.6
3.34.1
Al2O3
Notes:
(1) Single values are maximum percentages. Rem = remainder.
Common Name
C2.25
Designation
Table 4
Chemical Composition Requirements for Thermal Spray Ceramic Rods
Hf
Hf
Hf
Hf
Hf
Others
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Amount
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
W for solid alloy and solid composite wires

CW for cored composite wires
CR for ceramic rods
Prefix Letter(s)
Dash to separate prefix letter(s) from the chemical composition designation

Major chemical elements in percentage order of the solid and cored wires, ceramic rods, or the Aluminum
Association alloy designation
Dash to separate similar chemical compositions from the suffix number
Suffix number to differentiate similar chemical compositions in solid wires, cored wires, and ceramic
rods
XX - xxxx - N - yyyy
Examples:
A.
B.
C.
D.
W-FeC-2
W-Al-Al2O3
CW-CrFeB
CR-ZrO2-3
The second (2) carbon steel (FeC) solid wire.

A solid ceramic composite (Al2O3) in a metal matrix (Al) wire.
A cored composite chrome-iron-boron (CrFeB) composite wire.
The third (3) zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ceramic rod.
Figure 1Thermal Spray Feedstock Classification System Format
coils without support, spools, and drums, and straight

lengths for ceramic rodssee Section 10) are shown in
Tables 5 and 6. Note: When ordering thermal-spray wire
for flame thermal spraying, the wire maximum diameter
and tolerance required by the spray gun manufacturer,
i.e., the spray gun nozzle diameter, should be specified.
analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements

that failed to meet the test requirement. If the results of
one or both retests fail to meet the requirement, the material under test shall be considered as not meeting the requirements of this specification for that classification.
6.2.2 In the event that, during preparation or after
completion of any test, it is clearly determined that prescribed or proper procedures were not followed in preparing the test specimens or in conducting the test, the
test shall be considered invalid, without regard to
whether the test was actually completed, or whether test
results met, or failed to meet, the requirement. That test
shall be repeated, following proper prescribed procedures. In this case, the requirement for doubling the number of test specimens does not apply.
9. Finish and Uniformity

The finish and uniformity of thermal-spray wires shall
meet the following requirements:
(1) All thermal-spray wires shall have a smooth finish
that is free from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale,
laps, and foreign matter that would adversely affect wire
feedability or the properties of the thermal-spray wire.
(2) Each continuous length of thermal-spray wire
shall be from a single heat or lot of material. Welds,
when present, shall be made so as not to interfere with
the uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the thermal-spray
wire in automatic or semiautomatic equipment.
(3) Cored composite wires shall have the core ingredients evenly distributed throughout their length so as not
to adversely affect the performance of the thermal-spray
wire, or the deposited thermal-spray coating properties.
(4) Carbon steel thermal-spray wires may be protected with a flash coat of copper when necessary to prevent corrosion during storage.
7. Method of Manufacture
Thermal-spray solid and composite wires and ceramic
rods classified according to this specification may be
manufactured by any method, which meets the requirements of this specification.
8. Standard Sizes
Standard sizes for thermal-spray wires and ceramic
rods in the different package forms (coils with support,
8
Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Major chemical composition of the ceramic material in a metal matrix composite
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
Table 5
Standard Sizes for Thermal Spray Wires
Wire Diameter
Tolerance
C2.25
C2.25M
C2.25
C2.25M
in.
mm
in.
mm
Coils With and

Without Support
0.045
0.047
0.055
0.059
0.063
0.078
1.2
1.4
(1) 1.5 (1)
1.6
2.0
Drums
0.091
0.094
(1) 2.3 (1)
0.125
0.156
0.188
0.196
Standard Package Form
Spools
+0.001
+0.001
+0.001
+0.001
+0.001
+0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.10
2.4
+0.001
+0.001
0.004
0.004
+0.03
+0.03
0.10
0.11
3.2
4.0
(1) 4.8 (1)
5.0
+0.002
+0.002
+0.002
+0.002
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
+0.03
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
Note:
(1) Metric sizes not shown in ISO 544.
Table 6
Standard Sizes for Thermal Spray Ceramic Rods
Rod Diameter
Standard Package Form

100 pieces
100 pieces
50 pieces
Tolerance
C2.25
C2.25M
C2.25
C2.25M
in.
mm
in.
mm
0.183
0.244
0.307
4.6
6.2
7.8
+0.005
+0.005
+0.005
0
0
0
10.1 Coils with Support

10.1.1 The liners in coils with support shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil
during normal handling and use. They shall be clean and
dry to maintain the cleanliness of the thermal-spray wire.
10. Standard Packaging Forms

Standard packaging forms are (a) coils with and without support, drums, and spools for solid and composite
wires and (b) straight lengths for ceramic rods. Standard
package dimensions and weights for the thermal-spray
wires are given in Table 7. Dimensions for standard
spools are given in Figures 2 and 3. Package forms, sizes,
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
+0.13
+0.13
+0.13
and weights other than these shall be as agreed upon

between purchaser and supplier.
(5) Subject to agreement between the purchaser and

the supplier, a very small amount of specified lubricant
that will not degrade the deposited coating may be applied to the thermal-spray wire to permit smooth and lowfriction feeding through the thermal-spray equipment.

0
0
0
10.2 Spools
10.2.1 Spools shall be designed and constructed to
prevent distortion of the spool and thermal-spray wire
during normal handling and use. They shall be clean and
dry to maintain the cleanliness of the thermal-spray wire.
9
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
Table 7
Standard Packaging Dimensions and Weights for Thermal Spray Wires(1)
Net Weight(2)
Package Size
Type of Package
C2.25
Dimension
C2.25M
C2.25
C2.25M
in.
(diameter)
mm
lb
kg
Coils Without Support

Coils With Support
Drums
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Spools
(3)
12
12 1/8
12 1/8
Inside
Inside
Inside
(3)
300
300 3
300 3
25, 30, 50, and 60

25 and 30
50, 60, and 65
10, 15, 20, and 25

10 and 15
20, 25, and 30
.015.5
20
23
Outside
Outside
Outside
400
500
600
(3)
(3)
300 and 600
140 and 270
12
14
22
24
30
Outside
Outside
Outside
Outside
Outside
305
355
560
610
760
1545
50 and 60
250
300
600, 750, and 1000
1020
20 and 30
110
140
270, 340, and 450
Notes:
(1) Sizes and net weights other than those listed may be supplied as agreed between the supplier and purchaser.
(2) Tolerance on net weight shall be 10%.
(3) As agreed by the supplier and purchaser.
11.1.2 Coils without support shall be wound with a

left-hand configuration so that when the coil is laid horizontal with the beginning end tag up, the coil will unwind in a counterclockwise direction.
The use of insulated spools shall be agreed upon between

purchaser and supplier.
10.3 Ceramic Rods
10.3.1 Ceramic rods shall be packaged in impact resistant tubular containers to prevent breakage during
shipment.
11.2 Cast and Helix

11.2.1 The cast and helix of thermal-spray wires in
coils, spools, and drums shall be such that the thermalspray wire will feed in an uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic equipment.
11. Winding Requirements
11.2.2 The cast and helix of thermal-spray wire on

12 in. [300 mm] spools shall be such that a specimen
long enough to produce a single loop, when cut from the
spool and unrestrained on a flat surface will:
(1) Form a circle not less than 15 in. [380 mm] nor
more than 50 in. [1300 mm] diameter, and
(2) Rise above the flat surface no more that 1 in.
[25 mm] at any location.
11.1 Winding
11.1.1 Thermal-spray wire on spools and in coils (including reels and drums) shall be wound so that kinks,
waves, sharp bends, overlapping, or wedging are not encountered, leaving the thermal-spray wire free to unwind
without restriction. The outside end of the thermal-spray
wire (the end with which thermal spraying is to begin)
shall be identified so it can be located readily and shall
be fastened to avoid unwinding. The outermost layer on
spools shall be at least 1/8 in [3 mm] from the rim of the
flanges of the spool.
11.2.3 Soft alloy wires such as aluminum, copper,

lead, and zinc, are exempt from the requirement.
10
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
Spool Diameter, maximum
Spool Width
Tolerance
Barrel Diameter
Tolerance
Distance between Axes

Tolerance
Driving Hole Diameter

Tolerance (Note 2)
12-in. [300-mm] Spools
in.
mm
in.
mm
12
305
14
355
4.0
0.06
103
3, +0
4.0
0.6
103
3, +0
2.03
0, +0.06
50.5
0, +2.5
2.03
0, +0.06
50.5
0, +2.5
1.75
0.02
44.5
0.5
1.75
0.02
44.5
0.5
0.44
0.06, +0.0
10
0, +1
0.44
0.06, +0.0
10
0, +1
Notes:
1. Outside diameter of barrel shall be such as to permit feeding of the wire.
2. Holes are provided on each flange, but they need not be aligned.
General Notes:
Inside diameter of the barrel shall be such that swelling of the barrel or misalignment of the barrel and flanges will not result in the inside of the diameter of the barrel being less than the inside diameter of the flanges.
Metric dimensions and tolerances conform to ISO 544 except that A specifies tolerances on the nominal diameter rather than a
plus tolerance only, which is shown here as a maximum.
Figure 2Dimensions of Standard 12- and 14-in. [300- and 350-mm] Spools
12. Solid and Composite Wire and

Ceramic Rod Identification
Drums shall have the information securely affixed in a

prominent location on the side of the drum.
Packages of ceramic rods shall have the information
securely affixed in a prominent location on the side of the
package.
The product information (14.1) and the precautionary

information (14.2) shall be placed on each coil, spool, or
drum of wire and on each package of ceramic rods.
(1) Coils without support shall have a tag containing
this information securely attached to the thermal-spray
wire at the inside of the coil.
(2) Coils with support shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the support.
Spools shall have this information securely affixed in
a prominent location on the outside of at least one flange
of the spool.
13. Packaging
Thermal-spray products shall be suitably packaged to
ensure against damage during shipment and storage
under normal conditions.
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
11
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
Spool Diameter, maximum
22
560
24
610
30
760
Spool Width, maximum
12
305
13.5
345
13.5
345
Center Hole Diameter

Tolerance
1.31
0, +0.13
35.0
1.5
1.31
0, +0.13
35.0
1.5
1.31
0, +0.13
35.0
1.5
Distance, Center to Center

Tolerance
2.5
0.13
63.5
3
2.5
0.13
63.5
1.5
2.5
0.13
63.5
3
Driving Hole Diameter

Tolerance (Note 1)
0.69
0.06, +0
16.7
0.7
0.69
0.06, +0
16.7
0.7
0.69
0.06, +0
16.7
0.7
Note:
1. Outside diameter of barrel shall be such as to permit feeding of the wire.
General Notes:
Inside diameter of the barrel shall be such that swelling of the barrel or misalignment of the barrel and flanges will not result in the
inside of the diameter of the barrel being less than the inside diameter of the flanges.
Two holes are provided on each flange and shall be aligned on both flanges with the center hole.
Figure 3Dimensions of Standard 22-, 24-, and 30-in. [560-, 610-, and 760-mm] Spools
14. Marking of Packages
(3) Size and net weight.

(4) Lot, control, or heat number.
14.1 Product Information
14.2 Precautionary Information
14.1.1 The following product information, as a minimum, shall be legible and visible from the outside of
each unit package:
(1) C2.25 specification and classification designation
(year of issue may be excluded).
(2) Suppliers name and trade designation.
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

14.2.1 The appropriate precautionary information given

in ANSI Z49.1 latest edition (as a minimum) shall be
prominently displayed in legible print on all packages, including individual unit packages within a larger package.
12
Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
Nonmandatory Annexes
Annex A
Guide to Ventilation and Personnel
Protection During Thermal Spraying
(This Annex is not a part of AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002, Specification for Thermal Spray Feedstock-Solid and Composite Wires and Ceramic Rods, but is included for information purposes only.)
For more information, consult 11.8 (Ventilation), AWS

Thermal Spraying: Practice, Theory, and Application,
OSHA Safety and Health Standards available from U.S.
Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371054, Pittsburgh. PA 15250-7954, and
the manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
A number of factors determine the amount of contamination to which the workman is exposed when performing blast and thermal spray operations. These include the
following:
(1) Volume of space in which the thermal spraying
operation is to be done
(2) Number of spray and grit blast operators
(3) The evolution of hazardous fumes, gases, or dusts
depending on what type of abrasive process is used or
material being sprayed
(4) Heat generated by the spraying process
(5) Presence of volatile solvents
All of the preceding should be considered in order to
better protect the operators and to supply adequate ventilation to the spray room.
Local exhaust or general ventilation systems should
be provided to control toxic fumes, gases, or dusts, and
their removal from the work area.
Where thermal spraying operations are incidental to
general operations, it is good practice to apply local exhaust ventilation to the spray areas. This prevents contamination of the general work area.
Individual respiratory protective devices should be well
maintained. They should not be transferred from one employee to another without being cleaned and disinfected.
Refer to ANSI/ASC Z88.2 for cleansing and disinfecting.4
Forced-air respiratory devices require Grade D or better air per Compressed Gas Association, CGA No. G-7.1,
Commodity Specification for Air.5
Mechanical ventilation or local exhaust ventilation is
required in spraying and blasting operations that are not
performed in the open or in a properly designed and ventilated room. Otherwise, the dust will rapidly fill a large
tank, building, or semi-enclosed space.
The ventilation equipment for most field thermal
spray and blast operations consists of engine- or motoror air- (venturi) driven portable exhausters with flexible
piping or ducts. This removes the dust rapidly and allows
operators suitable visibility. Systems of this type have
deficiencies, and operators should wear respiratory devices approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, NIOSH, or
other approved authority for the purpose intended. Selection of the respiratory device should follow the guidelines of ANSI/ASC Z88.2.
When removing dust with portable exhausters, it is
necessary to attach a dust collector to trap the dust and
prevent contamination of the surrounding areas.
In shop environments, use wet (water wash), bag, or
filter type collectors for gathering spray dust. Dust collectors must be replaced and ventilation ducts kept clean
before entrapped dust builds up to create an explosion
hazard or seriously reduces the efficiency of the system.
If thermal spraying operations are performed on a machine tool such as a lathe, an exhaust hood should be
mounted at the edge of the carriage so that it travels with
the gun. This allows the dust and fumes to be exhausted
into the dust collector. The gun is aimed so that the
5. CGA documents can be obtained from the Compressed Gas
Association, Inc., 1725 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Suite 1004,
Arlington, VA 22202-4102.
4. ANSI standards can be obtained from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.
13
Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
sprayed material enters the face area of the hood. The average size of the opening in a lathe hood is about 2 ft2
[0.2 m2], and the velocity of the air entering the opening
should be a minimum of 200 ft/min [1 m/sec]. The hood
opening should eliminate turbulence along the sides that
could force the spray dust into the operators breathing
zone. In some permanent installations, the entire lathe,
rotary table, or machine tool is enclosed except the front,
and the velocity of the air entering the enclosure is approximately 300 ft/min [1.5 m/sec]. The top of the hood
can be hinged, permitting use of a crane for loading or
unloading. In automatic and production spraying, the entire mechanism is often totally enclosed, and the dust is
exhausted into a water wash and collecting system. Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, should be
consulted.
During dry grinding or lapping operations on sprayed
coatings, precautions should be taken to provide proper
exhaust equipment. ANSI/ASC Z43.1, Ventilation Control of Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing Metals, should
be consulted.
Spray cabinets used for spraying small and medium
size parts should be equipped with exhaust ventilation,
with an air velocity of 200 to 400 ft/min [1 to 2 m/sec]
entering the hood. The spray equipment should be operated within the face area of the hood and directed into it.
Again, the design of the cabinet should be such that
turbulent eddy currents are eliminated. When spraying
toxic materials, minimum enclosure face velocity of
400 ft/min [2 m/sec] should be used. Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, should be consulted.6
Blasting rooms should be designed to be well lighted
and adequately ventilated. Ventilation should provide
down draft and longitudinal airflow with a velocity of
80 to 100 ft/min [0.2 to 0.5 m/sec]. The blasting room
should be equipped with a dust-collecting system. This is
usually required by local ordinances. Further, local, state,

and federal regulations should be investigated before exhausting directly into the atmosphere. The blasting room
may also occasionally be used for spraying. This is not
good practice and should be avoided whenever possible.
Spray dust will quickly clog most cloth dust collectors
used in the blasting rooms. Moreover, when spraying in a
blasting room, the dust-collector system will require more
frequent maintenance to prevent fire or explosion due to
accumulation of metallic dust. All personnel in the blasting room should be provided with respiratory protection.
When ventilating confined spaces, all air replacing
that withdrawn should be clean and respirable. If portable gasoline or diesel engine-driven ventilators or compressors are used, they should be located so that engine
exhaust gases cannot be drawn into the ventilating system. This precaution will also prevent exhaust gases
from entering the intake of the compressor. This is particularly critical if the air is to be used for respirators.
If dust collectors are used, closed-type collectors
should be provided with blowout holes or relief panels.
Blowout panels should also be provided in ventilation
piping.
All fans, pipes, dust arrestors, and motors should be
grounded. Grounds should not be attached to pipes that
carry fuel gas or oxygen. Ventilating fans should be kept
running when cleaning out booths, pipes, etc. This prevents the accumulation of dust or fumes in the system.
Aluminum and magnesium dusts present an explosive
hazard which requires special attention. Adequate wet
collector systems should be used with either of these
metals. Care should be exercised, since these metallic
dusts may generate hydrogen gas in water. These systems
should be designed to prevent hydrogen accumulation.
Frequent clean out operations should be performed to reduce residues.
When spraying on unusually large objects or in large
confined spaces, such as encountered in boilers and
tanks, it is imperative that fresh-air helmets and protective clothing be worn (see Figure A1).
No welding or cutting should be done in the repair of
any ventilation or dust-collecting equipment, unless the
equipment has been thoroughly cleaned.
6. ACGIH documents can be obtained from the American

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1330
Kemper Meadow Drive, Suite 600, Cincinnati, OH 952401634.
14
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
General Note: Notice extensive safety equipment.
Figure A1Arc Spraying 85/15 Zn/Al on the Interior of a

7-ft Diameter Steel Water Pipe Over the Missouri River, 1998
Courtesy of the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation.
Thermal Spray Applicator Courtesy of Interstate Coatings, Inc., Seattle, WA.
15
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Not for Resale
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
Annex B
Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries
for AWS Technical Committees
(This guide is not a part of AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002, Specification for Solid and Composite Wires and Ceramic
Rods for Thermal Spraying, but is included for information purposes only.)
B1. Introduction
with the edition of the standard that contains the provisions or that the Inquirer is addressing.
The AWS Board of Directors has adopted a policy

whereby all official interpretations of AWS standards
will be handled in a formal manner. Under that policy, all
interpretations are made by the committee that is responsible for the standard. Official communication concerning an interpretation is through the AWS staff member
who works with that committee. The policy requires that
all requests for an interpretation be submitted in writing.
Such requests will be handled as expeditiously as possible but due to the complexity of the work and the procedures that must be followed, some interpretations may
require considerable time.
B2.3 Content of the Inquiry. The inquiry should be

concise, yet complete, to enable the committee to quickly
and fully understand the point of the inquiry. Sketches
should be used when appropriate and all paragraphs, figures, and tables (or the Annex), which bear on the inquiry must be cited. If the point of the inquiry is to obtain
a revision of the standard, the inquiry must provide technical justification for that revision.
B2. Procedure
B2.4 Proposed Reply. The inquirer should, as a proposed reply, state an interpretation of the provision that is
the point of the inquiry, or the wording for a proposed revision, if that is what the inquirer seeks.
All inquiries must be directed to:

Managing Director, Technical Services
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33126
B3. Interpretation of Provisions of

the Standard
All inquiries must contain the name, address, and affiliation of the inquirer, and they must provide enough information for the committee to fully understand the point
of concern in the inquiry. Where that point is not clearly
defined, the inquiry will be returned for clarification. For
efficient handling, all inquiries should be typewritten and
should also be in the format used here.
Interpretations of provisions of the standard are made

by the relevant AWS Technical Committee. The secretary of the committee refers all inquiries to the chairman
of the particular subcommittee that has jurisdiction over
the portion of the standard addressed by the inquiry. The
subcommittee reviews the inquiry and the proposed reply
to determine what the response to the inquiry should be.
Following the subcommittees development of the response, the inquiry and the response are presented to the
entire committee for review and approval. Upon approval
B2.1 Scope. Each inquiry must address one single provision of the standard, unless the point of the inquiry
involves two or more interrelated provisions. That provision must be identified in the scope of the inquiry, along
17
Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B2.2 Purpose of the Inquiry. The purpose of the inquiry

must be stated in this portion of the inquiry. The purpose
can be either to obtain an interpretation of a standard requirement, or to request the revision of a particular provision in the standard.
AWS C2.25/C2.25M:2002
only through a written request. The Headquarters staff

cannot provide consulting services. The staff can, however, refer a caller to any of those consultants whose
names are on file at AWS Headquarters.
by the committee, the interpretation will be an official interpretation of the Society, and the secretary will transmit
the response to the inquirer and to the Welding Journal
for publication.
B4. Publication of Interpretations
The activities of AWS Technical Committees in regard

to interpretations, are limited strictly to the Interpretation
of provisions of standards prepared by the committee or
to consideration of revisions to existing provisions on the
basis of new data or technology. Neither the committee
nor the staff is in a position to offer interpretive or consulting services on: (1) specific engineering problems, or
(2) requirements of standards applied to fabrications outside the scope of the document or points not specifically
covered by the standard. In such cases, the inquirer
should seek assistance from a competent engineer experienced in the particular field of interest.
B5. Telephone Inquiries

Telephone inquiries to AWS Headquarters concerning
AWS standards should be limited to questions of a general nature or to matters directly related to the use of the
standard. The Board of Directors policy requires that all
AWS staff members respond to a telephone request for
an official interpretation of any AWS standard with the
information that such an interpretation can be obtained
18
Not for Resale
--``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
B6. The AWS Technical Committee
All official interpretations will appear in the Welding

Journal.

Aws c2 25 Thermal Spray Feedstock PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Aws c2 25 Thermal Spray Feedstock PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

AWS C2.25/C2.

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Key Words Thermal spray, feedstock, ferrous,

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

Not for Resale

Statement on Use of AWS American National Standards

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

The University of Tulsa

Sandia National Lab

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

AWS C2J Subcommittee on Surfacing Materials for Thermal Spraying

Deloro Stellite Co., Inc.

Not for Resale

Not for Resale

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Not for Resale

Not for Resale

Specification for Thermal Spray Feedstock

(4) ASTM E 354, Test Method for Chemical Analysis

This specification prescribes requirements for the

The following ASTM1 standards are referenced in the

1. ASTM standards can be obtained from American Society of

Not for Resale

This specification may be used to classify and procure

cordance with the round-off method given in ASTM E 29,

6. Test Methods and Retest

6.1 Chemical Analysis

6.1.2 The sampling for chemical analysis shall be for:

5.3 For the purpose of determining conformance with this

Not for Resale

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Single values shown are maximum percentages. Rem = remainder,

Composition, Weight Percent(1)

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Nickel Aluminum(5) 1727

5356 Mg Aluminum Rem

Composition, Weight Percent(1)

Copyright American Welding Society

Babbitt, lead free

Babbitt, tin based

Not for Resale

Babbitt, lead based

Composition, Weight Percent(1)

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Tungsten Vanadium Carbide

410 Nickel Molybdenum SS

Composition, Weight Percent(1)

Copyright American Welding Society

Not for Resale

Composition, Weight Percent(1)

W for solid alloy and solid composite wires

Dash to separate prefix letter(s) from the chemical composition designation

The second (2) carbon steel (FeC) solid wire.

Figure 1Thermal Spray Feedstock Classification System Format

coils without support, spools, and drums, and straight