Greek Interlinear of Gothic Bible

What a Greek Interlinear of the Gothic Bible Text Can Teach Us
Author(s): Michael Metlen

Source: The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct., 1933), pp. 530-548
Published by: University of Illinois Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27703830
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WHAT A GREEK INTERLINEAR OF THE GOTHIC

BIBLE TEXT CAN TEACH US
to serve as a continuation
of an investi
paper is meant
nature
of the Gothic Bible text which
gation into the idiomatic
of a dissertation1
formed the subject-matter
published
recently
to the
by me in abstract form. On that account the introduction
abstract referred to may also be re-read with profit to introduce
this paper.
In a book written by C. W. S. Friedrichsen2
the author ad
vances
the claim that the Gothic Bible text is no more
idio
This
interlinears
of the West
than the clumsiest
matic
Germanic
as to its real merit,
In order to test this statement
I
dialects.
of
the
for
the
text
Gothic
of
my dissertation,
purpose
copied,
5, and that of Luke, Chapter
Matthew,
10, writing
Chapter
the Greek words in
underneath
it, in the way of an interlinear,
of it seemed
The outcome
to uphold
in the main
question.
claim. Since there was no room in the abstract
Friederichsen's
for these two interlinears,
and since the
of my dissertation
arrived at was, for the same reason, not
statistical material
study of
printed either, I have made in this paper an additional
and am publishing
all the extant portions of Matthew
herewith
my findings of this study.
For a key to the notes appended to this study note the follow
ing: Vg means Vulgate, CB stands for Codex Bezae,z SNT for
von Soden, Die Schriften des N.T.
in ihrer ?ltesten erreichbaren
von
Das
for
lateinische N.T.
in Afrika
Soden,
Textgestalt, Cyp
zur Zeit Cyprians.
re
I am coming to my findings
After these preliminaries
The facts in question will be grouped under
garding Matthew.
the following heads: (1) the word order; (2) Gothic words not
in the Greek;
in the
(3) Greek words not occurring
occurring
Gothic;
(4) more words in one language than in the other for
in the Gothic,
the same idea; (5) compounds
but not in the
in the Greek, but not in the Gothic;
Greek:
(6) compounds
(7)
1M.
from
the Gothic Bible Represent

Me tien, Does
Idiomatic
Park Campus,
the author, Loyola University,
Rogers
2 The
Gothic Version
of the Bible, London.
8 See second note on
page 18 of my Abstract.
Gothic?
To
be had
Chicago.
530
The Gothic Bible

compounds
the other;
in both; (8) clauses in one language for phrases

in the Gothic
text.
(9) idiomatic expressions
1. The Word
531
in
Order
In the following
instances4
the Gothic word order is dif
ferent from the Greek original:
are a number
a. There
the Gothic
of cases in which
ip
of the expression, while the correspond
stands at the beginning
ing Greek word follows. These cases are: ip saei in 5.19 (2X);
5.21 and 5.22 for 6s e?v,5 or 6s 5' ?v; ip jabai in 5.29, 6.15, and
6.23 for el ??, e?v ??; ip ik in 5.32 and 5.39 for eyw ??; ip pata
in 5.37 for to ?? ; ip puk in 6.3 for aov ?? ; ip pu in 6.6f 6.17 for
av ?? ; ip has in 6.27 for t?s ??; ip innapro in 7.15 for eaudev ?? ;
8.12, 8.27,8.33,
ip sa in 7.17, 11.11 for to ??; and 6??;ip paiin
9.14, 25.46, 27.6, 27.49 for o? ??; ip is in 8.24, 26.70 for avT?s ??,
and ? ??; ip po in 8.31 for ol ??;ip eis in 8.32, 9.31, 26.66, 27.4,
27.66 for ol ?? ; ip usgibais in 5.33 for ?iro? o-eis ?? ; ip huzdjaip in
6.20 for Brjaavpi?eTe ??; ip atgaggand in 9.15 for ekevaovTat, ??; ip
?? ; ip pisYoanoh saei in 10.33 for
ogeip in 10.28 for <t>o?r)dr)T
in 27.46 for Tepi ?? tt?v
?crris ?* civ; ip pan bi heila niundon*
in
?? ; ip pan sei pu warp1
27.47
for
sumai
Tiv?s
kv?vT'nv&OOLV
; ip
in 21 .SI for *o\?/?as?? yevojjLkvrjs.
The above list totals about 40 of the total of some 90 cases
in the
in which I have found the word order to be different
text from the Greek original.
Gothic
in which the Gothic word appan
b. There are 11 instances
stands in front of the Greek form it renders. These are: appan
ik i? 5.22, 28, 34, 44, for ky? ?? ; appan saei in 5.22 for 6s 6' ?v ;
in 8.11 for
for oto.v ??; appan
bipe in 6.16
qipa
appan
X?yoj ??; appan ei in 9.6 for '?va??; appan gaggaip in 9.13 for
in 9.16 for ov?els ?? ; appan
ni hashun
iropevOkvTts?? ; appan
izwara in 10.30 for vpL?v??.
c. There are 6 cases in which the word unte is at the begin
4This
I deem
and the following
lists do not claim entire
completeness;
however.
least 90 per cent complete,
5The
as they occur in the Greek
text, are never
grave and acute accents,
or not.
in this paper, no matter
whether
they occur before a pause,
changed
8 Cf. verse 45:
Bezae
(CB):
&pas h arris; and Vulgate
(Vg) and Codex
horam nonam.
7
esset.
CB: Quum autem serum diet advenisset;
Vg: cum autem sero factum
them
at
532
Meilen
ning: unte jab ai in 6.14 for e?v y?p ; and for ?jsy?p in 6.24; unte
in 9.16
gasulip was in 7.25 for TedenekL ro y?p ; unte afnimip
unte ni in 9.24 for o? y?p; unte gredags was in
for alpeiy?p;
25.42
for:
kweivao-ayap.
nature:
d. The rest of the cases are of a miscellaneous
at gib ai puk* in 5.25 renders <reirapa?q ; so armahairtipa peina10
in 6.4 stands for o~ov% tkeqfioovvn ; ni galeikop nu in 6.8 for pi) ovv
?noLO)6rJT; haubip pein11 in 6.17 for oov rr\v Ke(?>a\i?v;fijaip ainana
in 6.24 for rbv eva p.ioi\o~ti ;jah pande in 6.30 for el ?? ; ni maur
naip nu in 6.31 for ?xi?ovv /jLepi^crrjTe ;waurda meina12 in 7.26
razna in 7.27 for rg oldq. knelvn;
for fiov Tovs \6yovs; jainamma
dalath pan atgaggandin in 8.1 for Kara?avrL ?? ; pata prutsfill is in
S.3 for avrov r)Xkwpa ;mann ni in 8.4 for pnjoevl ;uf hrot mein13 in
8.8 for pov virb rrjv areynv ;pizai baurg in 10.23 for rg iroXa ravrxi ;
in baurg14 in 8.33 for eis ri?v w?Xiv ?irijyyeCKav ; pana
gataihun
in 9.6 for gov tt\v kX?vtjv; habands uf waldufnja1*
ligr peinana15
in 8.9 for ?ir? h?ovoiav ex^v; ip rodida pata in 9.18 for ravra
avrov XdXovPTos; panuh pan in 9.25 for ore ??; jaina air pa17 in
9.26 for yrjv kKeivnv;Jesua
panuh
bipe utusiddjedun
swa
aiw
uskunp
was20
jainpro18 in 9.27 for kneidevtQ 'Irjoov;

eis19 in 9.32 for avruv ?? k&pxo?kvwv ; ni
in
9.33
for
oboe-wore tyavrj
oi?r
s ; assans
raihtis21 in 9.37 for ? y?v depiop.bs; sa ist auk22 in 11.10 for ovros
y?peoTLp; minnistane
bropre meinaize2S in 25.40 for aOe\<?>uvjxov
8
Got. W?rterbuch,
Cf. Streitberg,
p. 71, under jabai.
9
zur Zeit Cyprians
in Afrika
Vg: tradat te; CB and von Soden, Das lat. N.T.
(Cyp): te tradat.
10 von
des N.T.
in ihrer ?ltesten erreichbaren
Textge
Soden, Die Schriften
means
to say
to this verse:
in the note
stalt (SNT),
$ k\&??xoabvT? aov, which
tua.
that some MS has this reading. Vg: eleemosyna
tua; Cyp: elemosyna
11
Vg and CB: caput tuum; Cyp: capita vestra.
n
Cyp: verba mea.
u
Vg, CB, Cyp: tectum meum.
14Cf. Lk.
5.14.
8.34, and Mk.
15
tuum.
Vg and Cypilectum
16
id.
Vg: habens sub me. CB and Cyp
17CB: illam
regionem.
18Note
in SNT: r? 'Iv<rov beeide?.
19
cum exissent autem Uli.
Cyp:
10
SNT in note: ovtcos ?<t>?vtj.
sic apparuit;
Cyp: numquam
n
Vg and Cyp: messis
quidem.
22
VGihicestenim.
M
Bernhardt
findet
in Got. Bibel
sich in
p. 22 says: "Nach
Streitberg
The Gothic Bible
533
t?v k\axi<rr v; mis ni in 25.45 for o??? hjjol; po waurda2* in 26.1

in 27.15 for Kara ?? ?oprijv ;
for \6yovs to?tovs ; and dulp pan
in
27.19
for
tQ ?ikolIq hudvc? ; sa?hston pan2*
pamma
garaihtin
in 27.45 for ?? turns; ei saiham,
qimaiu in 27.49 for ?? uev el
?pxerat.
in the Greek
Not Having
Words
Equivalents
The following Gothic words have no equivalents
in the Greek
text: swa in 5.19; allis29 in 5.39; jabai27 in 5.39, 41; mip2* in
5.40; ana in 27.7; 27.13,29 48; ainans30 in 5.46; dun in 6.6; 8.7,
9 (2X), 10, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 32; 9.2 (2X), 6, 9, 11, 12, 15,
16, 18, 23, 28, 37; 11.1, 2, 4; 25.40; 26.71; 26.75; 27.3, 11, 13,
58, 64; im in 6.7; 9.IS; jus in 6.8; bi in 27.25, 27; afaruh pan
pata32 in 8.5; at in 8.16; 11.7; 27.1; siponjos33 in 8.18; second
jahu in 8.14, which has been crossed out by a later hand; sein
in 8.20; afar in 8.22; 9.9 (2X); 9.18; 9.27; is35 in 8.25; Jesus3?
in 8.26; ohtedun37 in 9.8; bipe39 in 9.10, 32, 33; bipe pan in 9.17;
in 9.18; joh haumjans
in 9.23; ei
mippanei
haurnjandans39
2. Gothic
auch: t&v eXax^rcoy

(J?ngern)
griech. Hss.
does not give this reading, but acknowledges
(see his note to this verse in Part II).
24CB : istos sermones.
??e\<t> v jl?ov." von Soden

the reading of fxov after
(in SNT)
?Xaxi^Tw"
28
Vg and CB : sexta autem.
26Cf. atlis in verse
the latter.
34, which may have induced
27
Cf. Vg (5.39): si quis te per?ussent.
28
VgnndCBitecum.
29
Vg and CB : adver sum.
80Cf.
in verse 47.
patainei
81Cf. ll.U
TOV ?i??<TK U>.
82Cf.
note in Got. B. p. 11, and Cyp: post haec autem.
Streitberg's
33Cf.
in Lk. 8.22.
siponjos
34The reviser who
it in front
struck out the jah before
gasah and added
of in heitom, in accordance
with the Greek text, reestablished
the Greek
version.
in front of gasah because
this jah
he
is a present
and on that ac
participle,
connected
the two ideas as though
they were in coordinate
relationship.
note (Got. B. p. 489) is not to the point,
I believe
that Streitberg's
Therefore
in spite of Siever's
intonation.
85
Vg: eius.
88
Vg: Jesus.
87
cf. also Lk. 5.26 and Mk.
2.12.
timuerunt;
Vg and Cyp:
88
cum.
Cyp:
39This
is a gloss which was perhaps
18.22 :vox . . . tibia
inspired by Apok.
canentium
(Vg).
The
forgot
count
translator
original
probably
placed
that the first verb of the sentence
534
Meilen
in 10.2340; 27.17;41 izwis in 10.26; patainei

in 10.28; wiljan42 in
in 10.28; watins4*
in
saei
in
izwis45
ist
10.29;
10.33;
10.32,43 33u;
in 10.42; landa in 11.21; dalap47 in 11.23; eu in 11.23; swarands**
in 26.72; foar/flA in 27.15; ei gasaihaima*9
in 27.42; ei in 27.17.
3. Greek
Words
Not
Rendered
in the
The Greek words which are not rendered in

are, with but 20 exceptions
(as I have counted
some 475 Greek
nite articles.
I have counted
in the Gothic
which have no equivalents
text,
Gothic
the Gothic
text
all
defi
them),
definite articles
but I shall not
bore the reader of this paper by indicating

here their places
verse for verse. It should not be supposed, however, that no Greek
or only a few, have been rendered
definite articles,
into the
I have counted on the contrary some 165 which have
Gothic.
been duly rendered, which means
that about one-third
of all
the Greek definite articles inMatthew
have been translated into
the Gothic. The Gothic renders the Greek definite article mostly
when it has more or less emphatic,
that is to say, demonstrative
or relative, force, as in 5.15 :jah liuhteip allaim paim in pamma
the Greek
garda; or verse 29: augo pein pata taihswo. However,
definite article is not infrequently
also translated where no em
phatic force is felt, as in verse 24: po giba, and 25: sa andastaua,
sa staua; or 26: pana minnistan
kintu; 35: pis mikilins piudanis;
etc. An interesting
8.7: sa hundafaps,
feature in this connection
is that I have not found a single Gothic definite article which does
not have its counterpart
in the Greek (see section 2, above).
19 Greek words and one phrase
in Matthew
The
which,
articles mentioned
have no
apart from the definite
above,
in the Gothic
aurov51 in
text, are the following:
equivalents
40 Cf. Mt.
10.42.
41Cf.
18.39.
John
42 SNT in note:
rrjs ?ovXijs.
43CB :
qui est in coelis; Vg and Cyp :qui in coelis est.
44
note.
CB, Vg and Cyp: the same as in preceding
45CB : vobis.
46
Vg: aquaefrigidae.
47
Vg, CB and Cyp: usque.
48CB:
SNT
in note: \kywv.
dicens;
49Cf:Mk.
15.32.
50Cf.
John 18. 39.
61
avrov is lacking also in the Greek,
10.2 where
Cf. Mk.
535
The Gothic Bible

Kai
5.31;
olo)k6vto)v
vp?s52
in
5.44;
eu53 before
ra?s
7wj/?ats
in
6.5;
??64 in 6.27; ? 'Vous65 in 8.3; ??m in 8.5; vw' in 8.9; ax in 8.30;

the second toov xo?pw57 in 8.32; afrnj)58 in 9.14; avrov59 in 9.16;
?x?60 in 10.28; ??61 in 10.29; h?2 before kfnl and ai>r# in 10.32;
h
in 11.8; avrC>vMin 26.70; ?? in 26.73; avrdv65 in 27.12; ?tt'66 in
27.42; re67 in 27.48.
4. More
Words
Other
than
in One Language
for the Same Idea68
in the
is used for ov /xi) in 5.18 and 26; unte for ecos av in 5.18, 26;
for irepiooevoy
for e?v p.r? in 5.20; managizo wairpip
nibai
10.23;
in 5.20; gâw ist for ?pp?flr?in 5.21, 27, 33, 38, 43; gipanuh pan
ist for ?pp?0?76? in 5.31; ip saei for 6s 6' &?>in 5.19, 21, 22;
appan saei for 6s 6' ch*in 5.22; batizo ist for ovp,<t>kpeiin 5.29, 30;
afstassais bokos69 for ?iroor?oiov in 5.31; leihan sis for oapcio-cNxflcu
in 5.42; aippau for e? 5? /1177e70in 6.1; 9.17; ei for 6ttcos &i>in 6.5;
for
for xp^v
ex*re in 6.8; da/a/> /><m atgaggandin
paurbup
Ni
62
The
Gothic
text here follows von Soden
irpoaeuxeaBe ?ir?p t&v
(SNT):
note
in Got. B. p. 4, with CB: orate pro
?ju?s. Cf. also Streitberg's
et persequuntur
et
iis qui vobis suntinfensi,
vos, and VG: orate pro persequentibus,
vos.
calumniantibus
63Omitted
in Cyp.
84 SNT in note: omit
??.
66Omitted
in Cyp and SNT.
66 SNT
in note: omit $?.
67
SNT has Twv xotpoov in brackets.
68
Cf.Mk.2.1S:duimma.
59
2.21 where abrov is lacking after trXrjp na.
Cf. Mk.
60
?ir?.
SNT has a reading without
61
Cyp: neuter eorum.
62
SNT in note: abr?v loco kv a?ry.
63CB :mollibus
vestitum.
vestibus amictum; Vg and Cyp :mollibus
64Omitted
stands for cl?t?p;
text has paim, which
in SNT-text.
The Gothic
at first reading.
this slipped my attention
66
Vg: cum accusaretur.
66
Vg: credimus ei; CB :credemus ei.
67Cf. SNT-note
is used for 7rX^<ras
that in one version
wXâacOcu
stating
in another version.
r?, and that re is omitted
68Under
for jc?/cec, as the
like jah jainar
this head are omitted
expressions
as jah jainar.
same
the
of nal ?* ?meaning
latter is a contraction
precisely
biwKbvTw
The
same applies
to ni manna
for o??eis,
69Cf. Deuter.
10.4.
24.1, and Mk.
70 SNT in note to 9.17:
p) loco rfye.
etc.
536
Meilen
for xP&w ^xovoiv in 9.12; paurbum

Kara?avn ?? in 8.1; paurbun
for xpdav exo?ev in 26.65; himma daga for cr\p,epov in 6.11, 30;
hina dag for oi\p,epov in 11.23; ufar himinam for obp?veos in 6.14,
for tt?ow in 6.23; wulprizans
26, 32; hanfilu
sijup for ?iafy'epere
in 6.26; gawasida sik for Trepie?aXero in 6.29; teaiwa mais71 for
ou toXXc? fi?XXov in 6.30; fet/*7 galaubjandans72
for okiy?rLcrroi
for
in 6.30 and 7.26; atiddja
nare?ri in 7.25; ?#?e
dalap
was
in
for
redefieXicoToy?p
7.25; laistidedun
gasulip
afar for
s
manna
ut
in
habands
for
Xe7rpos in 8.2;
rjKoXovdrjaav
8.1;
pr
fill
for Ka?apLcrdrjri.in 8.3; hrain warp ?oi enadap?oorj in
im habands uf waldufnja meinamma
gadrauhtins
wairp hrains
8.3; i? manna
for
c/u
C7cb avdponrbs
8.9;
in
KaXuirreo-Oai,
virb
8.24;
nm
ex<av
eôvalav
for Tvpiooovcrav
i/? heitom
vw'
in 8.14;
k?avrov
gahulip
sis74
gawaurhtedun
for
in
arpaduras
wairpan
cbpfjLrjoev in
for
8.32;
for Kai i?ov in 9.2;

els (rvvavrrjoiv in 8.34; panuh
t
/cat t?ou in 9.3; sis
in
for
for
0?p<r
9.2, 22; paruh
prafstei puk
silbam76 for ?auro?s in 9.3; ?m? ^>ato heilos pei for ?#' oow in 9.15;
sik for einer pac?is in 9.22; usdreibana warp for
gawandjands
in
eê?Xrjdrj 9.25; atgaggands inn for eioeXO?v in 9.25; usdribans
warp for eK?Xrjdevrosin 9.33 ; *md ban ^/w wais for 7rocrip?iaXXo?>
in 10.25; batizans sijup for ?t,a<t>eperein 10.31; saei for 6s cch> in
for
10.42; ushof sik for ?tcr?/fy in 11.1; a? /xxiw />aw afgaggandam
for
wipra
Tovr
v ?? wopevo?kvoov
<?>opovvres
in
11.8;
in
faura
11.7;
sus
hnasqjaim
for
wasidai
?rp? irpoocoirov
76for
sind
aov
in
/-laXa/ca
11.10;
ws
gadomida warp for ??iKaL d-n in 11.19; idreigodedun sik

for evuvvjjuav in 25.41;
for ixerevoiqo'avin 11.20; hleidumein ferai
was
zmte gredags was for eireivaoa y?p in 25.42; afpaursips
for e?i\l/r)cra in 25.42; lof am slohun77 for epp?irio-av in 26.67; 6i
in
sunjai for ?Xrjd?s in 26.73 ;27.54; bandweip puk for or?Xo?'<r 7ro?eT
in 27.3; />riws tiguns
26.73; stauai gatauhans warp for KareKpLdTj
mis for tfpaprov in 27.4;
for rpt?Kovra in 27.3, 9; frawaurhta
waurhta
71
Vg: quanto magis.
72
in the fact
of course, only
difference
Vg: modicae fidei. The
consists,
use two words
for one compound
and the Latin
Greek word;
that the Gothic
in 6.30 and pusillae fidei
in 8.26.
Cyp. has modicae fidei
73von
and Scholz
after
Soden
k%ov<rlav ; SNT
(in SNT)
place a comma
has in the note the variant: tora t??v kpavrov ??ovalap for inrf l/iavroo.
74
Vg: impetu abiit totus grex; Cyp: impetum fecit totus grex.
76
Cyp : se ipsos.
76
vestiuntur.
Vg: mollibus
77
Vg: colaphis eum ceciderunt; CB: colaphos ei inflixerunt.
537
The Gothic Bible
sik for ?irriy?aro in 27.5; skuld ist for Qevriv in 27.6;

ushaihah
haitans warp for kicMfiri in 27.8; j ah mippanei
wrohips was7* for
Kai h T# Karrjyop L(r$aLavrbv in 27.12; hanfilu79
for too a in 27.13;
biuhts was for elcoSei in 27.15; iupapro for ?71-0av dev in 27.51;
for ?to fiaicp?dev in 27.55; laistidedun afar for ijKo\oWr?aav
fairrapro
in 27.55; *7> ^><m ??fît warp80 for 6\?/?as ?? yevo?kvrjs in 27.57;
auhumistans
iftumin pan daga*1 for rg 6? 'eiravpiov in 27.62;
in
for
27.62.
?px^pe?s
gudjans92
5. Compounds
a. Verbs
in the
Gothic,
but Not
in the
Greek83
the prefix ga-: gasaibaina

5.16; gatairij? 5.19;
5.28; gadriusai
5.23; gahorinoda
5.29; gataujan
gamuneis
5.36;
6.16; gasaibaizau
6.18; galukands
6.6; galeiko J?
gasaibaindau
6.8; galagij? 6.30; gataujan
7.18; gatauji]? 7.17 (2X); gatawi
dedum 7.22; galeiko 7.24; gadraus 7.25; gahrainjan
8.2; gahailja
8.10; galaubides
8.13; gahail
8.7; gahailni}? 8.8; gahausjands
noda
8.13; gahailida
8.18; gahulij?
8.16; gasaibands
8.24;
8.34; gasaibands
9.2; gasab 9.9; gahausjands
9.12;
gasaibandans
9.22; ganas
9.18; ganisa 9.21; ganasida
ganimij* 9.13; gaswalt
9.22, 23; ga-u-laubjats
9.22; gasaibands
9.36;
9.28; gasaibands
10.29;
10.27; gadriusij?
ganah 10.25; gahulij? 10.26; gahausei}?
11.2; gahauseij?
garaj?ana 10.30; gadragkeij?
10.42; gahausjands
11.4; gasaibij? 11.4; gahausjand
11.6; gamelij)
11.5; gamarzjada
11.10; gahausjai
11.15; galeiko 11.16; gadomida
11.19; gawesei
na84 11.23; gahausideduj?
26.65; gasab 26.71; gamunda
26.75;
27.2;
27.3;
27.9;
gabindandans
gasaibands
garahnidedun
27.16; gasaibaima85
27.42; gahausjandans
27.47;
gatarhidana
27.66.
27.60; galukun
galagida
b. Verbs with the prefix us- (ur): usfulljan
5.17; usfullno
dedi 8.17; usbar 8.17; urraisidedun
urreisands
8.26; urreis
8.25;
urreisands
urrais
usfullida
urreisand
11.1;
11.5;
9.5;
9.6, 7;
9.25;
78
Vg:
79CB:
80 CB:
with
et cum accusaretur;
CB:
quam multa.
quum autem serum diei
et quum
ipse accusaretur.
esset.
advenisset;
Vg: cum autem sero Jactum
81
to Sec. 1.
Vg :altera autem die; CB :postero autem die. Belongs
82
sacerdotes.
sacerdotum; CB :primarii
Vg: principes
88 In order to save
space, I shall not add, in this list and in list 7, the corre
forms, as it will be easy to locate any of them if desired.
sponding Greek
84
go- has been added by a later hand.
85Cf.
note to this verse in Got. Bibel, p. 27. But compare
Streitberg's
of Iva Uuper.
SNT in note, with the addition
also
538
Mellen
urrais 11.11; ushauhida

11.23; ustauh 26.1; usbauhtedun
27.7;
usfilhan 27.7; usfullnoda
27.9; urrisun 27.52;
27.9; usnemun
ushuloda 27.60; urreisa 27.63; urrais 27.64.
c. Verbs with miscellaneous
5.24; at
prefixes: atgaggands
attaitok
8.4; atgaggand
9.15;
S.3, 15; ataugi
lagjada 7.19;
atteka
afarlaist
9.21;
27.10;
27.5;
atgebun
atwairpands
10.26; afaiki}?
8.23; afkunnaidau
jandam 8.10; afariddjedun
afaika
25.42;
11.7; afj?aursi]?s
10.33; afgaggandam
9.16;
27.1;
afdaujridedeina
25.44;
afnimi)?
10.40 (2X),
41
5.41; andnimands
ananaujrjai
10.40
11.12;
anamahtjan
(2X);
anamahtjada
(2X); andnimi)?
dans 11.12; anahnaiwjai
8.20; bigitandans
7.14; bigitij? (2X)
10.39; binimaina
27.64; dugann 11.7; 11.20; 26.74; distaurnand
11.12;
27.51; frawilwand
9.17; diskritnoda
27.51; diskritnodedun
in
infeinoda
frawaurhta
9.36;
27.66;
27.4; faursigljandans
27.51; mijmiman
11.10; inreiraida
11.2; insandja
sandjands
9.8; silda
11.14; sildaleikidedun
8.27; 9.33; sildaleikjandans
leikida 27.14; uslaubida
27.58.
adv.: armahairti}?a
d. Nouns,
6.4; 9.13; ainfalj?
adject.,
8.16; afdauida 9.36; afetja 11.19; andawairjri
6.22; andanahtja
10.33;
afjâursidana
afaiaik
26.72;
27.6, 9; brujrfadis 9.15; bru>faj?s 9.15; fullatojai 5.48; fullatojis

9.6;
5.48; fauramaj?lja 9.34; frawaurhteis
9.2, 5; frawaurhtins
frawaurhtans
frawaurhtai
9.36;
9.13;
9.10;
frawaurpanai
frawaurhtaize
5.45; 25.46;
5.20; garaihtans
11.19; garaihteins
9.22; galaubeinai
9.29;
8.9; gataura 9.16; galaubeins
gadrauhtins
10.41; garaihtin
10.41; garaihtis
10.34; garaihtana
gawairjri
11.16; gistradagis
(adverb) 6.30;
27.19; galeik 11.16; garunsim
hunslastada
5.23; hunslastadis
5.24; hundafaj?s 27.54; innakun
dans 10.25; innakundai
10.36; lukarnastaj?ein
5.15; nunu (ad
unhaili
unsel
9.12; unhailja
6.23;
verb) 10.26, 31; unseljin 5.39;
9.34; unhul)?o 9.33;
9.35; unhuljxms
7.22; 9.34; unhuljxmo
unledai
9.13; uswaurhta
11.5; unhuljxm
11.18; uswaurhtans
stauastola
27.44;
11.19;
27.19; weinabasja
7.16; waidedjans
9.35; (manna)
Jriudangardjai 5.19, 20; 11.12; Jriudangardjos8.12,
Jnrutsfill (habands)
8.2; Jnrutsfill 8.3; Jriumagus 8.13; faurjrizei
(adverb) 6.8.
6.
Compounds
in
the
Greek,
but
Not
in
the
Gothic86
ElaeKdrjTe 5.20 ; evvo?v 5.25 ; firjiroTe5.25 ; viraye 5.41 ; evKoye?Te

5.44;
KCLTap
jji?vovs 5.44;
irpooevxe&de
5.44;
?irkxovcrL
6.5
; ev?varjode
539
The Gothic Bible

6.25
over iv 6.26
; away
6.26
; ?iaêpere
6.28
; kvovparos
; ?fx<fiievvvo-LV
6.30 ; irepi?aXcojjLe?a6.31 ; ?7r?7ou<ra 7.13 ; evov?aoi 7.15 ; 0vXX?7ou

giv 7.16; ov?eirore 7.23; ov?eis 6.24; vwaye 8.4; irapaKaX?v 8.5;
?7ra7
8.13;
irapeKaXovv
<reis 8.20;
KaTao~K7]v
9.6;
; i>7r?7 7
8.31
8.32
; 27.65
9.4 ; ?vdvix?ioSe9.4 ; eTi?aXXei 9.16

Kadev?ei
?ia^?pere
9.24;
Trpoo<j>oovovoi,v
11.5;
31;
10,
11.16;
?<j>es 8.22;
eêpxb?evoi
8.34
;wapeK?Xeaav
; eTL?Xwa 9.16
wpoo?oK?jAev
fierevorjoav
11.20;
8.28;
; evdvjxrioeis
; Kpao?r??ov9.20
TrepLirarovai
11.3;
irepie?aXoixev
11.21;
; ev vvfx v 25Al ; Trepie?aXere 25.43 ; aaOevr?s 25.43 ; ?adevTJ

25.44; av??ovXiov*7 27'.1 ; ?px^peis 27.1, 6, 62; ?pxiep? v 27.12;
25.38
?erapeXrjdeis
?iro?oSrjvai
Karriyop?ioBai
27.3;
27.58
; eiravpiov
7. Compounds
27.12;
Karajiaprvpovoiv
27.13;
27.62.
in Both
the
Greek
and Gothic
a. Verbs with
the prefix ga-: gatairan

(2X) 5.17; gasibjon
5.24; gakunnai)?
6.29;
6.28; gawasida
(leitil) galaubjandans
8.18;
6.30; 8.26; gatimrida
7.24; 7.26; gasulij? 7.25; galetyan
8.21, 31; gasok 8.26; gamotidedun
8.28; galijmn 8.32; gadau})
nodedun
8.32; galei)?andans
8.33; gataihun
8.33; galaij? 9.7;
9.22; gaswalt 9.24; gateihi)? 11.4;
11.10; galeijris 11.23; gala )?odedum
25.43;
galei)>and
gaweisodedu}?
27.3; (du
25.46; gatauhun
27.3; gawandida
27.2; galewjands
stauai) gatauhans
27.5; gaqumanaim
27.17;
27.3; galei)?ands
27.62.
galaij? 27.60; gaqemun
b. Verbs with the prefix us- (ur-): uslei)ri}) (2X) 5.18; us
gaggis 5.26; usgibis 5.26; usgibais 5.33; usstagg 5.29; uswandjais
5.44; urrannei]?
5.45; usgibij? 6.18; us
5.42; us]?riutandans
ustauh
maitada
8.12;
7.22;
7.28; uswairpanda
7.19; uswaurpum
uswarp
8.16; usnam
8.21, 31; uslei]?an 8.28;
8.17; uslaubei
9.9;
8.32; usliju 8.34; usstandands
uswairpis 8.31; usgaggandans
usluknodedun
usdribana
9.30;
9.26;
9.25;
9.17;
usiddja
usgutni])
9.33;
9.31; usdribans
9.31; 27.53; usmeridedun
usgaggandans
10.28; usqiman
9.38; usqimandans
usdreibij? 9.34; ussandjai
11.1; ussaiband
11.5; usiddjedu]?
10.28; ushof
11.7; 11.8, 9;
9.17; gawandjands
gabairgada
gawasidana
11.8;gamanwei}?
25.38;
25.43;
gala)x)dedu)?
86To
omitted.
save
Greek
lar combinations
87
Streitberg
of these Greek
the Gothic
equivalents
such as ol8k (6.15), \ii\re (5.34,35),
\itfii
have likewise been omitted.
runa and garuni.
has here two readings:
space,
forms
forms
have
been
(6.25),
and
simi
540
Meilen
ushaihah
26.71; usgaggands
usgaggandan
26.75;
nodedun 27.52; usgaggandans
27.53.
c. Verbs
with
the
prefixes
and-,
af-,
at-
and
ana-:
27.5;
usluk
andbahtida
8.15; andstandan
5.39; andnemun
6.2, 16; andhausjaindau
6.7;
andhaita
7.23; andhafjands
8.8; 11.4; 25.40; andhafjandans
26.66; andhafjand
25.44; andhafjij)
25.45; andhof 27.12, 14;
andbahtida
andbahtidedeima
8.15; andbahtjandeins
27.55;
10.26; andhaitij? 10.32; andhaita
25.44; andhuljaidau
10.32;?
afmait 5.30; afletai 5.31; aflet 5.40; 6.12; afletam 6.12; afleipi}?
7.23; aflailot 8.15; afletanda
9.2; afleitan 9.6; afnimada
9.15;
afaikis
aflailot
9.24;
26.74;
afdomjan
26.75;
afleij?i>
aflai)}27.5;
7.15; atiddja
27.50;?atsaibij?
7.25; 27; atiddjedun
9.14; at
8.1; atgaggands
9.25; 27.58; atgaggandans
gaggandin
26.73; at
bair 8.4; atberun 8.16; 9.2; atsteigands
9.1; atsteigadau
27.42;
athaitands
10.1; atgibada
26.2; atgebun
27.18; ataugidedun
6.27; anabauj? 8.4; 27.10;
27.53;?anaaukan
anabiudands
11.1; anafulhun 27.2.
anakumbida
9.10;
d. Verbs with miscellaneous

prefixes: bistugqun
7.25; bia
bridedun
bihlohun
bitauh
bilaist
7.28;
9.24;
9.35;
27.46;
biwand
27.59;?durinnands
8.2; duatiddja
8.5; 26.69; duat
8.19;
9.20;
9.28;?
gaggands
duatiddjedun
duatgaggandei
5.29, 30; frawardjand
6.16; frawardei}?
fraqistnai
6.19, 20;
frakann 6.24; fraqistnam
8.25; fraqistnand
9.17; fraqistjan
10.28; fraqisteij? 10.42; fraqijmnans
25.41; fraletan 27.15; fra
ie tau 27.17; fauraqe Jmn 11.13; faur wal w jands 2 7.60 ;filu waurd jai}?
6.26; inngaggai)? 7.13; 8.8; inngaleiJ?andans
6.7;?insaibij?
7.13;
inngaleijrij? 7.21; inwait 8.2; innatgaggandin
8.23; innatgag
gandans 27.53; inagida 9.30; insandida 27.19;?mij?anakumbide
dun 9.10; mijmshramidans
27.44;?ufarswarais
5.33; ufgraband
6.19, 20; ufhauseij? 6.24; ufkunnaij)
7.16; 20; ufrakjands
8.3;
ufhausjand
8.27; ufarlai}? 9.1 ;utusiddjedun
9.32;?JmirhleiJ?ands
27.46.
9.3; wailamerjanda
9.9;?wajamereij)
11.5;?ufhropida
e. Nouns and adjectives:
andwair}?ja 5.16, 24; 6.1, 16; 10.32
(2X) anabusne 5.19; andastaua
5.25; andastauin
5.25; andbahta
andawleizn
5.25; afdrugkja
11.19;
26.67; andwairjns
27.61;?
blotharinnandei
9.20;?fotubaurd
5.35; filuwaurdein
6.7; faur
hah 27.51;?gaqum]?ai
5.22; gaqumjrim 6.2, 5; 9.35; gardawal
dand 10.25; hundafaj?s 8.8; hundafada
8.13; liugnapraufetum
7.15;?unhuljrin
25.41;
unsibjona
7.23;
uslij?a 8.6; unmahtins
541
The Gothic Bible

8.17;
fillai
usli)?an
11.5.
9.2;
uslijnn
8. Gothic
9.2,
Clauses
6;?wajamerein
for
Greek
26.65;?)?ruts
Phrases
cases have
The
attracted
attention:
saei
my
following
. .
. . ttov?v;
hauseip
patei skulans
taujipss in 7.26 for ? ?Kob v
sijaima in 6.12 for r? txt>et,XrifiaTafiix?v; saei qipip*9 in 7.21 for
? Xkywv ; panuh bipe utusiddjedun
eis90 in 9.32 for avr?v ?? ??cp
XOfi?vcov; jah bipe usdribans warp unhulpo91 in 9.33 for Kai eK?Xrj
O'evTosrod ?aipoviov ;saei in himinam ist92 in 10.32, 33 for rod ev ov
is rodida pata9Z in 9.18 for raOra avrov XaXovvros ;
;
pavdis mippanei
(2X) in 10.37) for ? (?>iX?v; saei bigitip95 in 10.39 for
saeifrijop9*
? evp?v ; saei fraqisteip9*
in 10.39 for ? an-oX?o-as ; jah mippanei
in
27.12
for
Kai ev rQ Karrjyopelade avrov; ip pan
was97
wrohips
in
seipu warp99 in 27.57 for ?^tas ?? yevo/xkvrjs ; saei saihip99
5.28 for ? ?Xeira)v; saei saihip100 in 6.4 for ? ?Xeiruv ; saei saihip101
in 6.18 for ?fiXew v; gaggaith102 in 9.13 for wopevdevres ; paiei
sindm in 11.8 for r? /?aXa/c? </>opo?>rs ; saei
hnasqjaim wasidai
habai ausona104 in 11.15 for ? ex<?v <5ra; pr agida . . .jah namm
in
27.48
for
?pajx
...
/cat Xa?uv.
88
Vg
. . et non
. . et non
and Cyp:
CB: quisqu?s audit.
qui audit:.
facit;
in note: Bans ?tco?ei.. . . irola.
SNT
praestat;
89
Vg and Cyp: qui dicit; CB: quisqu?s dicit.
90
Cyp :cum exissent autem Uli.
91
et cum exclusum
esset daemonium.
Cyp:
92CB:
qui est in coelis; Vg and Cyp: qui in coelis est.
98
Cyp: haec cum loqueretur.
94
Vg, CB and Cyp: qui amat.
95
Vg: qui invenit; CB and Cyp: qui invenerit.
98
Vg, CB and Cyp: qui perdiderit.
97
CB: et quum ipse accusaretur.
Vg: et cum accusaretur;
98CB:
esset.
quum autem serum diei advenisset; Vg: cum autem sero factum
99
CB: quicunque
Vg: qui Merit;
aspicit; Cyp: qui videt.
100
Vg and Cyp: qui videt; CB: qui te aspicit.
101
Vg, Cyp and CB: the same as note 100.
102CB and
Cyp: ite.
103
vestiuntur; CB :qui gerunt molles
Cyp :qui mollia portant; Vg: qui mollibus
vestes.
104
Vg, CB and Cyp: qui habet aures.
106Both
in Cyp this verse is
in this place, while
Vg and CB have participles
is a reconstruction
lacking. The latter is owing to the fact that the Cyp version
writers. Hence
from quotations
ecclesiastical
from the works of the early African
is
This
defective
is partial.
in
th|s version
circumstance
places.
many
naturally
542
Metlen
9.
Idiomatic
Expressions106
I have not found any worth-while

idiomatic phrases in the
in
text of Matthew,
unless we consider the expressions
it
section 4 as such. In doing so, we ought to rule out, however,
seems to me, first those expressions
in which the Gothic uses a
tense for a Greek simple tense, as gipan ist in 5.21 for
compound
In
second place the Gothic reflexive forms ought to be
the
kppkdrj.
ruled out, because the Greek middle voice in most cases takes
Gothic
care of the reflexive

a reflexive pronoun.
for
oavelaaadat.
having need of the addition of

is leihan sis in 5.42
in question
idea without
An example
are
there
Furthermore
Greek
simple
verbs
for
as managizo
the Gothic uses a verb with an adjective,
a
one
in
5.20
for
I
have
found
Gothic
wepLaoevon.
simple
wairpip
in 6.8; 9.12 and
for a Greek phrase, paurban
verb standing
26.65 for xp?w exw- Here belong also the words which are com
pounds in one language, but not in the other (see sections 5 and 6
fall in
of this article). Deducting
from these cases those which
which
to the category of grammar rather than into that of idiom proper

in the fore
of those mentioned
(that is to say, the majority
most
what
is
left
for
the
consists
lines),
part of com
going
small
paratively
as
such
items,
ni
ov
for
pjr\, unte
for
'?us av,
(6.8, etc.) for

ip saei for 6s k?v, or os ?' ?v, but also paurban
xpdav ex Lv.But no idiomatic phrases of greater
importance,
of the kind with which other languages are so replete, occur in
as for instance consilium capere,
text of Matthew,
the Gothic
or
inire,
causam
aWodev
?XXos
dicere,
rfkdev,
fama
aegre
accipere,
els aXXrjv yvoo?rjv,
?7re\6e?v
in Latin,
ferre
ttccs e'xets tt?v faxyv
or
;
to
yiyvtTol Ti in Greek, or how do you do? what is the matter?,
or an der Reihe sein, es geht los, den
get the better of in English,
Mut sinken lassen, gleich und gleich gesellt sich gern in German, or
dar
cima
brasas,
en
savoir
French,
algo,
cruzarse
de
los
brazos,
subirse a las barbas in Spanish,

long,
doubler
les
rangs,
se
brazo
partido,
estar
en
or again de longue main,

draper
de
quelque
chose
in
and so forth ad infmitum.
to be in many
this version
because
closer to
appears
larly unfortunate
places
text than the rest of the Gospels
at my disposal.
the Gothic
106
I have said on pages 36 f of my Ab
in this connection,
what
Compare,
stract concerning
idiomatic
phrases.
The Gothic Bible
543
and Conclusions
10. Summary
1. The Gothic word order (see section 1) is substantially

the
same as that of the Greek original. The difference consists to a
of
ip, which stands at the beginning
large extent in the particle
the phrase in which it occurs and renders the Greek ?k, e?v, ?' av.
Since its position is different from the corresponding Greek words,
is idiomatic
it may be assumed
that this position
in Gothic.
the use of the particle
whether
itself, which so con
However,
is at all idio
the Greek words mentioned,
translates
sistently
in these cases, is another question. For these Greek par
matic
in the translation
into
ticles are in the main gap-fillers which
other languages are for the most part left untranslated.
Hence,
the fact that the Gothic text renders them so scrupulously makes
as idiomatic Gothic.
In other instances
them suspicious
the
to
render
etc.
is
used
This
Gothic
likewise
??,
appan
appan
a place different
from the words
it renders, which
occupies
the correct one in Gothic idiomatic usage, for
place is probably
in connection
the same reason which has been stated above
with ip. But as with ip, too, its use to translate the Greek par
in this identical connection may be said to be
ticles in question
from the standpoint
of idiomatic
doubtful
language. The same
as
to
to
in
its
unte
said
be
7?p. In the rest of
may
relationship
in the word order the notes appended
to a
the cases involved
a
not
number
while
of
them,
offering
complete explana
goodly
tion of the discrepancies,
yet afford food for thought as to their
of one or the
possible sources. It is true that the concordance
in many
other may be accidental,
agreement
yet the consistent
cases appears to be a matter worthy of consideration.
The dis
in word order include, apart from ip, appan, and unte
crepancies
about half a dozen possessive
mentioned,
adjectives,
already
as
peina
in 6.4,
ten
about
adverbial
words
or
short
phrases,
as
in baurg in 8.33, nu and ni each several times, a few demonstra

as well as a couple of other similar
tives and conjunctions,
in word
differences
items. But there are no great, outstanding
in the translation,
all
order discernible. On the whole everything
the
parts
of
speech,
as
nouns,
adjectives,
pronouns,
verbs,
etc.,
of the sentence,
ad
all the members
subject, object, predicate,
follow as a rule the word order of the original,
verbial modifiers,
in main as well as in dependent
clauses. This is suspicious. For
even granted
that in Gothic
the word order was so free that
544
Meilen
every word could take any place in the sentence, the agreement
would not be so close, I would argue, unless the translator had
to follow in detail the Greek word
made up his mind beforehand
the close concordance
order. Hence
hints at the purpose.
There are some 285 Gothic verses of Matthew
extant, which
verses comprise in Streitberg's
edition 445 lines, that is to say,
approximately
1J lines to a verse, or some 4450 words. Now there
are, in the Gothic text of Matthew,
only about 90 discrepancies
or 1 in approximately
from the Greek word-order,
5 lines of 10
words each. More
than this: out of the 90-odd Gothic
dis
us
more
from
text
the
Greek
than
half
before
(57, to
crepancies
be exact, as I have counted them) apply to the three words ip,
to this the changes brought about
appan, and unte alone. Adding
in the Gothic MS. by dint of repeated copying and intentional
as
alterations
second paragraph),
(see p. 7 of my dissertation,
text before us (Streitberg's
well as the fact that the Greek
is considered
the best so far available)
is still
namely, which
only
the thought
conjectural,
originally
was,
as
regards
its
that the Gothic

syntax,
not
much
Bible
else
translation
but
an
inter
linear of the Greek will not get out of my mind. On that ac

count, any one reading these lines who is able to produce bet
ter proof as to the idiomatic nature of the Gothic text than has
been adduced so far, will find my mind open to his arguments.
In fact, this matter of word-order
(without other important con
as
for
instance
the
siderations,
question of idioms, see section 9
of the text and section 6 of these conclusions)
appears to be so
seems
that
to
alone
it
be
sufficient
important
proof against the
idiomatic character of the Gothic text.
2. Of the 36 Gothic words and phrases counted by me, which
have no equivalent
in the Greek (see section 2 of this paper), 24
have notes appended
to them offering the possibility
of an ex
of
the
planation
discrepancy.
3. Of the 19 Greek words and one phrase in section 3 (omit
the definite
ting from consideration
article), which have no
in
notes
the
have
17
equivalents
Gothic,
appended to them. The
definite article occupies a place by itself. It is evident, from the
frequent failure to translate the Greek article, that the Gothic
translator must have had a very keen feeling that the article
was meaningless
in Gothic,
it had emphatic
excepting when
force. Hence we have to conclude that its omission is an idiomatic
The GothicBible
545
feature, and that the cases in which it is rendered without

rather as slips, which
force may be considered
having emphatic
occurred to the translator when he was off his guard. Or have
we to see in them a slight beginning
of the later reign of the
definite article?
4. The many
which exist in the Gothic Bible
compounds
text without
in the Greek (section 5)
corresponding
equivalents
seem to suggest that in the Gothic
this category was well de
veloped, which fact we should expect on the basis of a compari
son with the other Germanic
tongues. It must be added, how
Gothic
are
that we are not certain how many of these compounds
or
un
are
Gothic
and
how
conscious
many
property,
original
conscious
imitations brought about by the dint of analogy with
other similar forms. In many cases the testimony
of the other
to
this
al
Germanic
will
of
solve
be
languages
help
problem,
though we have to be cautious here, since it is a foregone con
ever,
clusion that all the present-day

Germanic
tongues have under
the Greek has
gone a long tutelage of Greek and Latin. That
seems
come in for its share with respect to the Gothic compounds
to be suggested by words and expressions
such as leitil galaub
for ?KiyOTriaToi,filuwaurdei
for To\v\oyla, gardawaldands
jandans
for
olKo?eo-ir?rns,
garuni
for
<rvn?ob\iov,
for
faurahah
Karawkraaua,
gabaurgja for orvuir?XlTrjs,as well as a host of others. This topic

affords ample material
for a special profound
investigation.
Hence I cannot enter here into it further except to say that the
in his dissertation
Gothic
asked by Allan Lake Rice
question
extent was
Prepositional
Compounds,107 page 120: "To what
the language of a supposedly barbarous
Gothic,
tribe, able to re
in the highly
civilized
the complex
ideas expressed
produce
and
Greek?" and his answer: "This question finds a conclusive
striking
as
answer,
relates
to
compounds,
in
the
course
of
sift
in this chapter''
to answer the central question
ing statistics
to
of
be
with
several
salt, for numeri
?ought
grains
accepted
cal statistics
inasmuch as it
alone cannot solve this problem,
does not separate the genuine Gothic elements
from what may
be due to the influence of the original. To suppose that every
text (including
those features
thing that appears in the Gothic
107
Published
guage
Dissertations,
by
the Linguistic
of America
Society
of Pennsylvania.
University
as Number
xi
of Lan
546
Metten
are different
is necessarily
idiomatic
from the Greek)
even
as
a
naive
is
and
uncritical.
semi-civilized
Gothic,
Gothic,
language, may be equal to Greek in its capacity to form prepo
sitional compounds without
being its peer as a general instru
ment
for literary expression. The difference
is that Greek had
been used, at the time of the Gothic Bible translation,
already
for centuries as a literary language and was thus well developed
both as to vocabulary
and otherwise, while the Gothic Bible
translation was quite likely the first literary production
of any
means
can
in
that
What
that
importance
tongue.
readily be
seen when we think of substituting,
for instance, one of the
Indian dialects for English as a means of liter
many American
The
difference
is not a factor of age, for the
ary expression.
Indian languages are just as old as is English, as far as we know;
nor is it a factor of richness or poverty
of grammatical
forms,
which
since present-day
English
respect; but the difference
as a written
language,
So
development.
haps history has
their own hands,
Teutonic
people.
and
ancients
ideals happen
control
world
is one of the poorest languages in that

the one to be used
is one of adapting
the
whereas
other
has
not
such
undergone
on page 127: "Per

while Rice's
statement,
failed us, through lack of written
records from
in allowing us to regard too lightly this early
. . ; 'barbarous tribes' in the mouths
of the
moderns
alike
are
often
those
customs
whose
and
to differ from those of the people who at the moment

opinion,"?is
true
certainly
as
axiom,
general
it is wrong as an argument
to draw from it a conclusion
the status of the Gothic language as a peer of the Greek.
Rice also refers, on page 135, to "the modern German
ency
to
part-by-part
translation
of
foreign
words"
(e.g.
as to
tend
Ge
character
wissen, from Latin con-scientia) as "a truly Germanic
istic." But part-by-part
translation
does not seem to be only a
Germanic
it appears to be resorted to freely by
characteristic,
and
translators when they
undeveloped
inexperienced
languages
are confronted
the
of
by
necessity
rendering an idea for which
the
lack
word.
The
easiest
proper
they
thing to do under such
is to coin a new word on the pattern of the original.
circumstances
In so doing the translator
avoids
the trouble or racking his
an adequate
brain to find in his own language
expression
(which at times may be practically
impossible). Hence,
part
translation means nothing
else but following
the law
by-part
547
The Gothic Bible
of least resistance. And since this is a universal

law, part-by
to which all trans
is the result of a tendency
part translation
It is just the thing that I have
lators are prone to succumb.
been arguing all along as regards the Gothic Bible. The Ger
word Gewissen
is of course no recent word in the German
The
forms are gewizzent, giwizza
Old
High German
language.
after conscientia as theological
and giwizzi. They are modeled
terms, and their true significance was probably at the beginning
that is to say, these forms were
little understood
by the Faithful;
man
alien elements, until such time that the people had

unidiomatic
to them and had learned to grasp their true
accustomed
grown
idomatic and thus part and
Then
connotation.
they became
case
As
is
with Gewissen with refer
of
the
the
parcel
language.
ence to conscientia,
so the Gothic mithwissei
is an exact part
of
the
If Gothic
Greek
and
o-vveiorjais.
by-part
rendering
or German
Greek,
and
Latin
lish and German,

these and
natural thing to be expected.
wide difference of vocabulary
on the one hand, and German
not appear to be etymological
were
as
related
closely
as
are
Eng
similar coincidences
would be the
But taking into consideration
the
in Gothic and Greek
development
and Latin on the other, they do
but artificial imita
developments,
tions.
5. The 19 clauses which I have found in the Gothic text (see

section 8), to which in the Greek, with three exceptions,
parti
cipial phrases correspond, are accompanied
by 18 notes, which
in part at least may explain their existence in the Gothic text.
6. The absence of outstanding
idiomatic phrases (see section
9 of this paper) from the Gothic text of Matthew,
and probably
from the whole Gothic Bible, seriously prejudices
its claim to
the status of idiomatic
today
language
which
Gothic
does
speech,
not
have
for there is not to be found

its
own
idiomatic
phrase
and there probably

ology, as compared with other languages,
was none at the time of the Gothic Bible translation. Compare,
on this topic, my Abstract,
page 36f.
7. Some, if not all, of the discrepancies
from a part-by-part
or
still
of
Gothic
the
text, which
translation,
transliteration,
that has
remain, after allowance has been made for everything
been said in this paper, may possibly be explained on the basis
of the history of the Gothic MS. which has come down to us
to my Abstract).
(see Introduction
548
Meilen
8. While making all due allowance for whatever may be con

as for in
in the Gothic Bible translation,
sidered as idiomatic
stance in the matter
of verb prefixes, and after making
allow
ance also for those features which any two languages acciden
last para
(see page 44 of my Abstract,
tally have in common
me
to
to have
translation
the
Gothic
appears
original
graph),
some
sort of interlinear version of the Greek original in

to the syntax, whereas
in the
that pertains
everything
mostly
true picture
matter of accidence
it seems to exhibit a practically
in an effort to adapt the
of the Gothic
grammar. However,
to
new
of expressing hitherto
the
Gothic
tongue
requirements
been
strange
ideas,
many
new
words
were
coined
apparently
accord
(see above section 4 of these conclu

ing to the Greek pattern
as
same
the
both
Latin and Greek, as well as other
sions),
exerted
their
influence upon English and Ger
have
languages,
to go on. However,
a
which
continues
man,
process
by dint of
repeated
use
these
newcomers
were
gradually
understood,
and
to be felt as idiomatic parts of the

length may
into the lan
of these newcomers
The
incorporation
language.
at
it
took
if
of
the
consciousness
all, was thus
Goths,
place
guage
was
made
and can
to
Bible
time
translation
the
their
posterior
at
have
come
for
not, on that account, be postulated
the Goths
which quite likely impressed
as a modern
feels about the
freshman
words in an interlinear of our Latin and
to say, with the feeling of: non intelligo.
the translation
itself,
themselves
somewhat
queer jumbling up of
Greek classics, that is
9. Owing to what has been said in the preceding paragraph

it seems
the syntax of the Gothic Bible translation,
concerning
a
that it will not be possible to write
syntax of the
trustworthy
Gothic language until the question of the idomatic nature of the
answered. Hence,
Gothic Bible fragments has been satisfactorily
to
date on this topic
the larger part of what has been written up
an
is
exposition of Greek rather than of Gothic syntax.
probably
to this article it seems that
10. From the notes appended
a
in
text
need of revision.
is
serious
Greek
Streitberg's
Michael
Loyola
University,
Metlen
Chicago

Greek Interlinear of Gothic Bible

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Greek Interlinear of Gothic Bible

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What a Greek Interlinear of the Gothic Bible Text Can Teach Us

Author(s): Michael Metlen

WHAT A GREEK INTERLINEAR OF THE GOTHIC

the Gothic Bible Represent

The Gothic Bible

in both; (8) clauses in one language for phrases

jainpro18 in 9.27 for kneidevtQ 'Irjoov;

The Gothic Bible

t?v k\axi<rr v; mis ni in 25.45 for o??? hjjol; po waurda2* in 26.1

auch: t&v eXax^rcoy

??e\<t> v jl?ov." von Soden

in 10.2340; 27.17;41 izwis in 10.26; patainei

The Greek words which are not rendered in

bore the reader of this paper by indicating

The Gothic Bible

??64 in 6.27; ? 'Vous65 in 8.3; ??m in 8.5; vw' in 8.9; ax in 8.30;

for xP&w ^xovoiv in 9.12; paurbum

for Kai i?ov in 9.2;

gadomida warp for ??iKaL d-n in 11.19; idreigodedun sik

The Gothic Bible

sik for ?irriy?aro in 27.5; skuld ist for Qevriv in 27.6;

the prefix ga-: gasaibaina

urrais 11.11; ushauhida

27.6, 9; brujrfadis 9.15; bru>faj?s 9.15; fullatojai 5.48; fullatojis

ElaeKdrjTe 5.20 ; evvo?v 5.25 ; firjiroTe5.25 ; viraye 5.41 ; evKoye?Te

The Gothic Bible

6.30 ; irepi?aXcojjLe?a6.31 ; ?7r?7ou<ra 7.13 ; evov?aoi 7.15 ; 0vXX?7ou

9.4 ; ?vdvix?ioSe9.4 ; eTi?aXXei 9.16

; ev vvfx v 25Al ; Trepie?aXere 25.43 ; aaOevr?s 25.43 ; ?adevTJ

the prefix ga-: gatairan

d. Verbs with miscellaneous

uslij?a 8.6; unmahtins

The Gothic Bible

I have not found any worth-while

care of the reflexive

having need of the addition of

to the category of grammar rather than into that of idiom proper

(6.8, etc.) for

els aXXrjv yvoo?rjv,

subirse a las barbas in Spanish,

or again de longue main,

and so forth ad infmitum.

The Gothic Bible

1. The Gothic word order (see section 1) is substantially

in baurg in 8.33, nu and ni each several times, a few demonstra

that the Gothic

linear of the Greek will not get out of my mind. On that ac

feature, and that the cases in which it is rendered without

clusion that all the present-day

gabaurgja for orvuir?XlTrjs,as well as a host of others. This topic

is one of the poorest languages in that

on page 127: "Per

to differ from those of the people who at the moment

The Gothic Bible

of least resistance. And since this is a universal

alien elements, until such time that the people had

lish and German,

5. The 19 clauses which I have found in the Gothic text (see

for there is not to be found

and there probably

8. While making all due allowance for whatever may be con

sort of interlinear version of the Greek original in

(see above section 4 of these conclu