Participants Manual

Presenter

Presenter
The JCI Effective Presentation Course
Version 01 January, 2013

JCI Recommended Course

Presenter General Information

Presenter
JCI Vision

Course Summary

To be the leading global network of young active

citizens.

Presenter is designed for a JCI members who want

expand their presentation skills in order to make better
project reports and intervene during local meetings. This
course focuses on the concepts of creating and
delivering an effective presentation utilizing visual aids
and strong delivery methods with a mind towards
understanding the audience.

JCI Mission
To provide development opportunities that empower
young people to create positive change.
About JCI
JCI is a membership-based nonprofit organization of
young active citizens ages 18 to 40 in more than 100
countries who are dedicated to creating positive change
in their communities. Each JCI member shares the belief
that in order to create lasting positive change, we must
improve ourselves and the world around us. JCI members
take ownership of their communities by identifying
problems and creating targeted solutions to create
impact.

During the course, participants will participate in several

presentation activities; create and deliver a presentation;
participate in activities that demonstrate the process to
create an effective presentation and explore
opportunities to enhance presentation self-confidence.
Presenter is a full day course divided in these modules
and is required to attend JCI Trainer I.
Content
Module 1: Opening
Module 2: Presentation Types
Module 3: Audience Analysis
Module 4: Presentation Content
Module 5: Effective Delivery
Module 6: Presentations
Module 7: Closing
Criteria to attend this course
This course can only be attended by active JCI members
or past members still contributing to the Local
Organization and to graduate the participant must pass
the online knowledge test and fill the trainer evaluation.

Copyright by JCI: All rights reserved.

This publication is for the exclusive use of the trainers
conducting the JCI Recommended Course and can only
be reproduced for this purpose. All JCI Recommended
Courses must be organized online and all participants
must individually register online to qualify for the manual
and to be certified as graduated from the course.
This publication or parts of it may not be translated in any
other language without the express permission of the JCI
Secretary General.

The course must be organized online and have all

participants registered online.
Criteria to become Trainer of this course

Be an active JCI member for at least six months or

past members still contributing to the Local
Organization.
Have graduated from this course, JCI Achieve and
JCI Impact.

Published by
Junior Chamber International (JCI), Inc.
15645 Olive Boulevard Chesterfield, MO 63017, U.S.A.
Tel: +1 (636) 449 3100 Fax: +1 (636) 449 3107
Toll free (from USA only): 1 800 905 5499
E-Mail: training@jci.cc - Website: www.jci.cc.
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Presenter General Information

Presenter
Presenter
start in order to avoid misunderstandings and
wasting time for both you and your audience.

Welcome
Welcome to Presenter the JCI Effective Presentations
Course. This course may be used as a one-time
presentation course or as the first step in becoming a
JCI Trainer I.
The growth of technology, the impact of communications
and the demands of an increasingly complex world
mean that people need to be better equipped.
Within the first 10 seconds of being introduced to
someone new, you are judged on whether or not you are
a person to be listened to. It is well known that people,
who have strong presentation skills are promoted faster,
paid more and are generally more successful than those
who are less proficient.
Learning to present yourself and your ideas effectively
can improve your negotiation skills and also lead to
stronger interpersonal relationships.
This course is designed to help those who want to
enhance their skills as a presenter.

2. State the present situation

Give details of the present situation, what you have
or are doing in regards to the proposal, etc.
3. Describe facts, offer explanations and
interpretation
Give details of important facts or figures, such as
number of people affected or involved, financial
numbers, support received, etc.
4. Offer recommendations and advantages and
propose a solution
Explain the advantages of both parties very clearly
to avoid misinterpretations and false expectations
that may lead in future conflicts instead of
partnerships or cooperation.
Present the solution for the situation presented at
the beginning with all details and numbers, figures,
etc.

Presentation Types

5. Ask for approval. This is the key aspect:

There are many different types of presentations ranging
from reports to emergency or crisis response
presentations. Some of the most common types that you
may be called upon to present are:

Project proposals
Sales
Project status reports

Make the formal request for acceptance or approval

of the proposal. Remember: The whole presentation
is based on the acceptance or approval. If you forget
this step, the whole presentation was a waste of
time.

Sales:

Project proposals:

Purpose: To lead a potential buyer to purchase a

product or service

Purpose: To provide necessary information for a

decision:

Structure:

Structure:

1. Get their attention:

1. Introduce the issue

The audience or the target of the proposal must be
informed of the nature and purpose of the proposal.
If you are asking for sponsorship, state that this is a
sponsorship proposal. If it is a partnership or
cooperation proposal it must be clear from the very
Presenter

The opening moments will determine whether the

prospect or audience will give you their attention.
Most decisions are made within the first few seconds
of a sales presentation. Start with something that will
draw their attention to your presentation and to your
message, more than your product or service.
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2. Show the need for the product or service:

Structure:

Before promoting your product or service, you must

convince the audience or prospect that there is a
need for it. People buy for many reasons, but usually
they buy to fulfill a need. The need is not necessarily
real, urgent or even perceived.
3. Describe how it will fulfill the need:
Now describe how your product or service fits their
needs and why they cannot live without it any more.
4. Explain the benefits of buying it:
Explain why it is better to buy your product or service
instead of any other solution for the need. Show how
they will benefit from it in different ways: finances,
time, stress-relief, happiness, etc.
5. Offer testimonials from other users:

1. What: What is the report about? State the name or

the identification of the report so the audience can
relate to your presentation.
2. Why: Why are you making this report? Why to this
audience and why should they be interested?
Explain the reasons why this activity will take place
or why this action is being requested.
3. Who: Who is involved in this activity, action or
decision and who should become involved later?
Explain who is organizing it and who will benefit from
it.
4. How: Explain how the activity, action or project will
be implemented and how the decisions will be
made.
5. How long: How long will it take to implement the
activity, action or decision? Explain how long the
planning phase will last and when a decision must
be made. Also state how long the project will last,
from start to finish.

Show how others have benefited by using your

product or service. Ensure you have testimonials
and approval to use them. Testimonial must have
names and concrete figures.

6. When: When will it start and when is the audience

expected to be there or become involved?

6. Present the proposal:

When you see your audience has no objections and
is happy with your presentation, go to the final
details and present the formal proposal with costs,
deadlines for payment and delivery, etc.

7. Where: Where will most of the action take place?

Give specific details including addresses, phone
numbers, contact persons, directions how to get
there and where to get more information about the
location.

7. Ask for the closing:

Use convincing and leading questions to close the
sale. Some people prefer it when others make the
decisions for them to release some guilt. Saying
Thanks for your attention and if you would please
sign here, I will get the order shipped right away will
lead the buyer to accept.

8. What if: What happens if any of the above changes

or something unexpected happens? Give details of
alternate plans if the activity, action or event has to
change for unexpected reasons.

Audience Analysis
Audience analysis can be divided in two major aspects:

Project status reports:

As a JCI member you will probably be asked to present
many project reports. When delivering a short report to a
committee or the Local Organization meeting you need
to ensure it is understood clearly.
Purpose: To update membership on progress of a
project or inform about an activity.

Audience demographics
Is the process of gathering and analyzing information
about audience members in order for the presenter to
adapt his or her message to them.
Audience knowledge
Consider how much the audience knows about the
subject. It allows the presenters to adapt their message

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to the audiences level of knowledge and understanding.

The Presentation

Now consider each aspect of audience analysis and

think about how each factor might affect the
presentation.

The beginning

Audience Demographics
1. Age: How old is the audience? This will determine
the level of language to be used and references and
examples the presenter can use.
2. Gender: What is the gender of the audience? This
will determine the approach and appeal of the
presentation.
3. Family: What is the marital status of the audience?
Do they have children? This will determine the social
appeal of the presentation.
4. Culture: What is the ethnic or cultural background of
the audience? This will determine the approach and
examples to be used.
5. Professions: What are the professions and
economical levels of the audience? This will
determine approach, jargons and level of language.

Audience Knowledge

Your presentation starts the moment your name is called

and you approach the stage area, but as a rule of thumb,
never start talking until you are on stage. Take your time
and acknowledge the audience with your body language
and facial expressions.
You should create curiosity with your first sentence and
make them interested in what you have to say. Here are
some ways to get attention:

A quotation from an eminent person has a lot of

attention value
Start with a shocking incident or facts
Start with an interesting, but brief story
Give specific, but relevant illustration
Ask a question related to the topic

The message
To deliver the message effectively you have to be a
master of verbal communication. The audience should
understand your message the way you want them to
understand it, and should respond the way you want
them to respond. Some tips to effectively communicate
verbally are:

Words: Choose short, familiar and conversational

words. Too much formality will widen the distance
between you and the audience.

2. Some knowledge: You will ask them to consider

your alternative.

Sentences: Construct and use simple, but effective

sentences.

3. Experts: You will ask them to consider the existence

of other alternatives.

Examples: Include examples, illustrations and

visual aids if required to enhance and color the
speech or presentation.

Tone of voice: Avoid monotone tone of voice.

Modulate your voice to enhance the key parts of the
message. Alternate your tone and volume of your
voice .For example you may go on a high pitch or
lower the pitch for the extra effect. When you lower
the voice, the audience listens to it with enhanced
receptivity. Also use the power of silence.

1. No knowledge: You will try to convince them to

believe in your proposal.

Presentation Content
A good and efficient presentation is not just luck, but the
result of careful planning, practicing, and content
selecting and distributing the content in the presentation.
Although some creativity and last minute adaptations
must be foreseen, the core of the presentation must
have been researched and planned to ensure the
audience understand it, believes in it and agrees with it.
An effective presentation needs to be well structured in
order to accomplish the purpose and convince the
audience.
Presenter

The closing
First impression is the best impression, but the last
impression has a lasting impression. The closing of a
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presentation is the most strategic point. What you say
here is the final word which will ring in the ears of your
audience after they leave. The conclusion of your
presentation should:

Summarize or clarify
Heighten the interest
Establish the appropriate mood
Appeal for some action
Propose acceptance or approval

Statistics

Definition: Data that demonstrates relationships

Purpose: Summarizes information, demonstrates
proof; makes points memorable

Testimonials

The 3 Parts of a Presentation

Definition: Firsthand findings, eye-witness accounts,

opinions
Purpose: Provides evidence and aids credibility

Examples: Examples can be real or hypothetical.

In general, an effective presentation should have the

following format:
1. Introduction: To get the audiences attention. Tell
them what you are going to tell them.
a. An attention grabber: Something related to the
topic that will shock the audience.
b. Statistic: Figures always get the attention.
Selecting a strategic number will do it.
c. Facts: Things that are not well known.
d. Exaggeration: What would happen if things get
worse, etc.
e. Worst case scenario: The situation when
everything contributes to a disaster.

Comparisons and contrasts

a. All your main points should be included here

b. In some logical order that is easy to understand.
c. Prove each point with some frame of reference
either by statistics, facts, testimonial, narration,
examples, etc.

Definition: A description or expository passage,

which serves to make a term, concept, process or
proposal clear or acceptable
Purpose: Explanations make it easier for the
audience to understand complicated topics.

Definitions

3. Conclusion: Brief wrap up call to action. Tell

them what you told them.

Definition: Compares something they know with

something they dont know. Contrasts clarify an idea
by emphasizing its differences
Purpose: Comparisons and contrasts will help the
audience to relate to an unknown subject

Explanations

2. Body: Where you present and explain the topic.

Tell them

Definition: Illustrates, describes, or represents

things, can be brief or extended
Purpose: Aids understanding by making ideas, items
or events more concrete; creates interest and makes
the presentation dynamic and alive

Definition: Defines new words and concepts

Purpose: Introduces new concepts

Audio and visual aids

a. Wrap up what you talked about, restate key
points.
b. Call to action or propose approval.
c. Always have a memorable impact.

Definitions: Charts, graphs, etc.

Purpose: To make a visual point

Narratives (stories, tales, myths, real life stories)

Forms of Evidence

Facts: Facts must be verified properly.

Definition: Actual events, dates, times, people

involved, can be verified
Purpose: Provides evidence, demonstrates
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Definition: Story, real or imaginary, short or long, can

constitute a small part of presentation or serve as
basis for speech itself
Purpose: Generates interest and identification

Presenter
Points to Remember

what you are going to say and show enthusiasm about

your presentation.

Evidence should be carefully selected

Skills project the presenters personality to the

audience. The skills of clear speech, the ability to handle
questions, the body language, planning the presentation
and managing within the time prescribed are all skills
that must be mastered by the presenter.

Present only evidence, which you are convinced, will

contribute toward achieving your purpose in
speaking
Resist the temptation to include material simply
because you think it is funny

Evidence should be related to the audience

Should affect their own lives, make it personal to

them
Relate it to what they already know, what they
already do, what they already believe
Bring it home to them

The Delivery Method

The first thing you need to decide when you plan the
delivery of your presentation is the delivery method. You
should choose one that fits the audience. There are four
main methods:

Evidence should be vivid

1. Reading: Prepared written text to be read by the

presenter. There is not much allowance for creativity
and cannot be adjusted to changing audience
needs.

Make them see the picture

Use dramatic words, phrasing, sentences, etc.

Evidence should be varied

2. Memory: Using a manuscript, but memorizing it

entirely. This one is not recommended unless you
are a very experienced presenter.

People understand things differently

Use a variety of evidence to reach everyone

Evidence should be sufficient, not superfluous

Knowledge is as essential as the above two factors.

Knowledge about the topic, audience, time and place is
the success criteria for an outstanding presentation.

Each main point should be supported by at least 2-4

points of evidence
One point may not help, especially if incorrect
If too many, the main point can get lost.

Effective Delivery
Effective presentations depend greatly of the speaking
skills of the presenter and good speakers are looked
upon as instant leaders because they can speak to
people and convince them. Speaking with a purpose is
what everyone wants to listen to.

3. Spontaneous: When you have little or no time to

prepare. This happens often but relies on good skills
and tremendous knowledge about the topic.
4. Outline: Basic outline or listing of key points is the
most often used. It allows for spontaneity and
improvisation, but also has a clear structure. The
result will usually be a presentation that is natural
and professional.

Visual Aids/Equipment

Function: To help listeners process and retain

information

A good presentation requires three basic qualities from

the presenter: Attitude, Skills and Knowledge.

Definition: Anything visual that enhances a

presentation

Your attitude sets you apart from the average presenter.

The audience expects and wishes you to perform and
deliver with confidence.

Choices: Choice of the equipment and the

audiovisual depends upon the place, the availability,
the audience and the relevance

Attitude is all about empathizing with your audience.

Attitude is about being pleasant throughout. Believe in

Aid, not reason: Never be used as the main reason

for presentation - only to enhance the presentation

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slide because it may distract the audience (they start

reading ahead of the presenter and dont pay
attention on what the presenter is saying), but the
overuse can be annoying and irritate the audience.
Use animations only where they are really needed
and create the effect you want.

Measurement: The effectiveness of a presenter is

never measured by the use of the audio-visuals. The
presenter is the best audio-visual.

Types of Visual Aids

Objects and Models: Anything that can serve as an

explanation, reference or clarification on the subject

Pictures: Photographs, drawings, diagrams, maps

and posters

Graphics and charts: Must be clear and enhance

the main point

DVD and video: Requires equipment but gives a

real example.

Multimedia: Combines several medias such as

sound, video and text.

Use Arial, or another sans serif font: Dont be too

creative on this aspect. Different fonts may look nice
and give a special taste to the slides, but if the
audience cannot read them, they miss the purpose.

Dont use too much clip art: Use clip art and images
when they help the presentation. Just because you
see some images and find them funny does not
mean they will help your presentation. If the clip art
or image does clearly replace the text you wanted to
use, eliminate it and use the key words.

Use only key words or phrases. Never read during

your presentation: Do not write the entire
presentation on the slides so you can read it. Your
ability as a presenter must show that you know the
content of the presentation and the slides should
be an aid for the audience, not the presenter.

Only use full sentences when you are quoting

others: There are occasions when you must use full
sentences, for example: Quotations, mission
statements, objectives, etc.

Types of Media to use

PowerPoint: Must use a computer to use

PowerPoint
LCD projector: Projects the PowerPoint from a
computer
CD and DVD player: Useful to show images or
music
Flipcharts: When you need to write or collect ideas
from members
Chalkboards: New electronic boards can save and
print the information
Handouts: Additional text of facts too long to explain
during the presentation.

Tips for PowerPoint

Get trained on it or at least get familiar with it: A

presenter must learn PowerPoint or other
presentation software and practice the use in
presentations.

Useful as a backup when projection is not available

It has the advantage of fast and easy setup
It must be prepared in advance
Writing on it during the presentation will show lack of
preparation
Dont write too much. Write only a few key words.

Effective Delivery

Keep the location of the presentation in mind: If the

room is not dark you may consider using only black
letters. Even in dark rooms, when using a very
strong projector, the blue, green and other colors
may not show at all.

Keep it simple dont over use the animation

feature: Animations should be used when you want
to create an impact or dont want to show the entire

Tips for Flip Chart

Presenter

The content and the visual aids play an important role in

the effectiveness of your presentation, but the way you
deliver the presentation will determine if the audience
accepts and believes on what you are presenting.
Researches show that at least half of the effect depends
on body language. There are several important
considerations that should be noted:
1. Presentation space
In a personal conversation people have established

Presenter
their personal space that can change from culture
to culture but when you talk to a person and get too
close you are invading that persons personal space
and your message will not be well received because
of that invasion.
The same happens with a presentation but now it is
considered as the public zone you should not
invade unless you are invited.
A presentation differs from a training course when
you may walk around the audience because they
want to learn something from you and you want to
teach them something.
In a presentation you are not teaching a new
knowledge or skill but presenting a proposal or
report you expect the audience will accept but they
will not like to be involved in the presentation
because that will mean they are accepting it as their
own.
The distance from the audience depends on the size
but in general you should not get closer to 2 meters
(6 to 8 feet) for small audiences and further away for
large audiences.
Once you have established your presentation zone
and the public zone you are ready to deliver your
presentation taking special consideration on the
aspects explained below.
2. Posture
Unless your presentation is meant to be done while
you are seating, you will probably be standing.
Adopt a position that gives you body balance with
your weight evenly distributed. A firm posture will
also transmit confidence to the public.
You can move a few steps but always with a
purpose, to show an important aspect on the slide or
flip chart or to demonstrate an object or to enhance
or highlight an important part or aspect of the
presentation.
Walking from side to side in front of the audience will
be a distraction and soon they will be more
interested in your walking than the presentation.
Remember that your message is the show, not you.
Of course, the same will happen if you dont move at
all. Adopting some natural movements in your
presentation will keep the audience interested and
alert. Observe other presenters and rehearse your
Presenter

movements until they become a natural part of your

presentation.
But always maintain an upright position because this
will indicate conviction and confidence on your
message. Two movements to avoid:
a. Leaning your body forward: This may be
interpreted as an imposition from the presenter
to the audience or an invasion of the public
zone.
b. Leaning your body backward: This can be
interpreted as a defensive movement or
indicating lack of confidence.
3. Gestures
Gestures can have different meanings depending
how and when you use them. In a personal
conversation you dont need to pay attention on
what you do with your hands or arms. They are your
tool to support your conversation.
In a presentation your arms and hands can be a
distraction or send the wrong message to the
audience. Try to move your arms away from your
body and keep your hands open, naturally.
Hands can have many meanings depending on the
culture. They can show friendliness or be
threatening. It would be wise to learn more about
these important aspects by reading books about the
subject.
A commonly used way of using your hands and
arms is the three joints movement:
a. Moving your wrists: Keeping your arms slightly
away from the body and moving only your hands
can be used in small audiences and to explain
details.
b. Moving your wrists and elbows: Moving your
elbows with your hands can be used for medium
size audiences.
a. Moving your wrists, elbows and shoulders:
Moving your hands, elbows and your shoulders
should be used for large audiences.
4. Eye contact
How many times have you seen speakers and
presenters facing or speaking to the same person
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during the entire presentation? How did you feel
about that? It shows that the person is not prepared
to make presentations or is only interested in that
particular person.
Keeping constant eye contact with the audience
serves two purposes: Shows that you are interested
in the audience and gives you good feedback on the
reaction of your presentation.
But it is not as easy at it seems because for many
people and cultures, eye contact is an intimate act,
maybe compared to touching someone, but the
audience is there to hear what you have to say or
show.
When you constantly look away from the audience
you may not only loose their attention but also show
lack of knowledge on the subject or that you are not
interested in the audience or even worse, you may
create a barrier between you and your audience.
Here are a few tips for eye contact with the
audience:
1. Identify the people you already know: Unless
you are making a presentation to an entirely new
audience, you will probably have some people
you already know. You will feel more
comfortable use these people to make eye
contact because you know them and they know
you. This procedure will make you act naturally
and from there you can start making eye contact
with other people in the audience. If you dont
know anyone, try to talk to some people who
arrive before you start your presentation and get
acquainted with them. They will be your friends
in the audience.
2. Use the lighthouse principle: A lighthouse would
not serve its purpose if it was illuminating only
one spot in the ocean. If you keep looking above
the audiences head they will start wondering
what is so interesting on the back wall. Like a
lighthouse, keep moving your eyes to cover the
entire audience without staring at one person.
This will show that you are only interested in that
person. Look at people without invading their
personal space by moving your eyes and look at
everyone without looking directly to a single
person. Active and enthusiastic people in the
audience can force you make more contact with
them than others and this can make the others
feel left out and invoke the right to ignore your
presentation too.
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3. Imagine the audience divided into three

sections: Keep moving your eye contact from left
to center and right and then go back again from
right to center and to the left. Cover with your
eye contact the people in the front as well as the
people seating in the back of the room.
5. Questions
There is one more aspect of an effective delivery to
be considered, although it may not be used in all
presentations: Handling questions.
A good presentation can be ruined by a poor
question and answer session but a mediocre one
can also be saved by a confident final question and
answer session.
If you have planned and are prepared for a question
and answer session, provide the audience with this
information so they will not interrupt you every time
they have a question.
Inform at the beginning if you will have a question
and answer session at the end and then ask those
who have question during the presentation, to write
them down for the question and answer session.
The best time for the question and answer session is
at the end, just before the closing.
To avoid any surprises, prepare your question and
answer session carefully, following these steps:
a. After you have finished creating your
presentation read through it carefully and note
any questions that can be asked by the
audience.
b. For each question, prepare an answer in
advance.
c.

Focus on the areas where the presentation has

not many details or has controversial issues that
can be challenged and prepare the answers.

Answering Questions
You may have had a great presentation and would have
created a good impact, but a few questions can
destabilize all that you have achieved. Handling
questions is a very important part and helps to end a
speech or presentation colorfully. Presence of mind is
vital while answering questions.

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a. Listen to the question very carefully and repeat or
rephrase the question if necessary.

Here are some tips for the occasions when an argument

is created or may start:

b. Care should be taken to see that the person who

has asked is not hurt by your reply.

a. Never lose your temper

b. Be firm but polite
c. Try to look at the argument from a common ground
point of view

c.

Thank for the questions asked and see them as an

opportunity to reinforce your message.

d. Answer by speaking clearly and with confidence,

otherwise you will be seen as unsure about what
you are saying.
e. Do not let nerves draw you into responding to fast,
always think about your answer before you speak
and if necessary refer back to your notes in order to
answer a question.
f.

See if the argument is of any interest or reflect the

opinion of the audience. If it is a personal issue, suggest
discussing it after the presentation, in private. If it is a
genuine aspect and interests the majority of the
audience, suggest you will discuss it after the
presentation or that you will consider the aspect and
come back in another occasion to discuss it (if time and
logistics permit, of course)

Things to remember

If the question requires clarification then ask the

questioner to do this, rather than risk answering a
question that wasnt asked.

Practice: Becoming an excellent presenter takes

time so work at it constantly realizing that it wont
happen overnight. Ask your friends to give you
feedback.

Easy words: Choose your words carefully dont

use words which are difficult to pronounce or utilize
in a sentence. Use simple and straight to the point
language, even if the topic is complicated.

Keep it simple: People are not expecting an award

winning presentation and you are not looking for an
award, but getting the message across.

Nobody knows what you will say: No one knows

what you are going to tell them until you tell them. If
you forgot or missed something, you are the only
one that knows about it. If you cannot get back and
fix it, forget about it and nobody will ever know.

Mistakes: Unless you tell them or it is very obvious,

most people wont realize you made a mistake if
you do make a visible mistake, admit it and move
on.

Good is good enough: You are your own worst

critic: Nobody is perfect! Leave your auto evaluation
for after the presentation. Do not evaluate yourself
during it.

g. When answering, always address the entire

audience and not just to the questioner.
If you dont know the answer, say so and promise to find
the answer or direct the person to where he or she can
find it. The audience knows, but may not show it, when
you are pretending to answer the question by diverting
the answer to another aspect.
Asking questions
When you master the art of asking questions you can
lead an audience to the answers that support your
presentation. Therefore, you should never ask Do you
agree with my proposal? because it can lead to a No
answer and the audience may all follow that lead.
Instead, you could ask Is there anything else I did not
cover that you would like to know about the subject?
This will keep the audience on your side and will give
you the floor again to answer the question in a way that
reinforces the presentation.
Never get into an Argument
You or the audience may see an argument as a way to
prove your points but if you, as the presenter, got
involved in an argument, there is only one loser, no
matter if you will or lose the argument: you lost.

Presenter

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JCI Vision
To be the leading global network of young active citizens.
JCI Mission
To provide development opportunities that empower young people to create positive change.
About JCI
JCI is a membership-based nonprofit organization of young active citizens ages 18 to 40 in more than 100
countries who are dedicated to creating positive change in their communities. Each JCI member shares the
belief that in order to create lasting positive change, we must improve ourselves and the world around us. JCI
members take ownership of their communities by identifying problems and creating targeted solutions to create
impact.

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