SURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS Fi Lay: Symbols for designating the direction of lay are shown and interpreted in Fig. 3. Example Designations. — Figure 4 illustrates examples of designations of rough- ness, waviness, and lay by insertion of values in appropriate positions relative to the symbol. Where surface roughness control of several operations is required within a given area, or on a given surface, surface qualities may be designated, as in Fig. 5(a). Ifa surface must be produced by one particular process or a series of processes, they should be specified as shown in Fig. 5(b). Where special requirements are needed Roughness average rating is laced at the left of the long leg. The specification of only one rat. ing shall indicate the maximum value and any lesser value shall be acceptable. Specify in mi- crometers (microinch). Ww 98/ Maximum waviness height rating is the first rating place above the horizontal extension. Any lesser rating shall be acceptable. Spec- ify in millimeters (inch). Maximum waviness Spacing fat ing is the second rating placed above the horizontal extension and to the right o of the waviness ight rating. Any lesser rating ar be acceptable. Specify in eters (inch). 1.6/ 35 Material removal by machining is Tequired to produce the surface. The basic amount of stock pro- vided for material removal is specified at the left of the short leg of the symbol. Specify in mil- limeters (inch). 16 08 / The specification of maximum | 1.6 Removal of material is prohib- and minimum roughness average ited. values indicates permissible range of roughness. Specify in micrometers (microinch). 0.8 Lay designation is indicated by 005-5 AL the lay symbol placed at the right of the long leg. Roughness sampling length or cutoff rating is placed below the horizontal extension. When no value is shown, 0.80 mm (0.030 inch) applies. Specify in millime- ters (inch). Where required maximum rough- ness spacing shall be placed at the right of the lay symbol. Any lesser rating shall be acceptable. Specify in millimeters (inch). Fig. 4. Application of Surface Texture Values to Symbol]710 SURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS Lay Example Showing Direction Symbol Meaning of Toot Marks — Lay approximately parallel to _ the line representing the sur- face to which the symbol is ap- | plied. | Lay approximately perpendic- L ular to the line representing the surface to which the symbol is L applied. Lay angular in both directions x to line representing the surface to which the symbol is applied. t— M Lay multidirectional. Lay approximately circular Cc relative to the center of the surface to which the symbol is applied. {— Lay approximately radial rela- R tive to the center of the surface to which the symbol is applied. Pp Lay particulate, non-direc- tional, or protuberant. Fig. 3. Lay SymbolsSURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS 709 Table 1. Preferred Series Roughness Average Values (R,) * Recommended Surface texture values, unless otherwise specified, apply to the complete surface. Drawings or specifications for plated or coated parts shall indicate whether the sur- face texture values apply before plating, after plating or both before and after plating. Include in the symbol only those values required to specify and verify the required texture characteristics. Values should be in metric units for metric drawings and nonmetric units for nonmetric drawings. Roughness and waviness measurements, unless otherwise specified, apply in a direction which gives the maximum reading; generally across the lay. Table 2. Standard Roughness Sampling Length (Cutoff) Values Roughness Average (R,): The preferred series of specified roughness average values is given in Table 1. Cutoff or Roughness Sampling Length: Standard values are listed in Table 2. When no value is specified, the value 0.8 mm (0.030 in.) applies. Waviness Height: The preferred series of maximum waviness height values is listed in Table 3. Waviness is not currently shown in ISO Standards. It is included here to follow present industry practice in the United States. Table 3. Preferred Series Maximum Waviness Height ValuesSymbol Meaning @ Pasko Surface Texture Symbol, Surface may be produced, by wa method except when the bar or circle (Figure 1b or 1 is specified. Material Removal By Machining Is Required. The horizontal bar indi- cates that material removal by machining is required to produce the catface and that material must be provided for that purpose | Material Removal Allowance. The number indicates the amount of stock Material Koved by machining in millimeters (or inches). Tolerances may be added to the basic value shown or in a general note. Material Removal Prohibited. The circle in the vee indicates that the Material ot be produced by processes such as casting, forging: hot finishing, cold finishing, die casting, powder metallurgy of injection ibiding without subsequent removal of material, Surface Texture Symbol. To be used when any surface characteristics sertewecified above the horizontal line or to the tight of the symbol. are Spec be produced by any method except when the bar oF circle (Figure 1b and 1d) is specified. | 1.5.X -| po3x Approx. 3x ye el YW we /\, Usx ° | Letter Height = X Fig. 1. Surface Texture Symbols and Construction25 pm Measured Profile Without Electrical Filtering Imm + With 08 mm Cutoff = 35-4.2 pm Ry With 0.25 mm Cutoff = 18-2.2 um Rg With 0.08 mm Cutoff = 095-105 xm Ry Fig. 6. Effects of Various Cutoff ValuesROUGHNESS AVERAGE, R,—MICROMETERS pm (MICROINCHES pin.) | Ody, 2S 63 32 16 080 049 020 04 ons an2s aol Process 2000) 1000) 6500) 2S) 25) 68) Gd) — Flame Cutting Snagging Sawing Planing, Shaping Drilting Chemical Milling Elect. Discharge Mach. Milling Electrolytic Grinding Roller Burnishing Grinding Honing Electro-Polish Polishing ‘Lapping Superfinishing Sand Casting Hot Rolling Forging Ferm Mold Casting [Tnvestment ‘Casting Extruding Cold Rolling, Drawing Die Casting i The ranges shown above are typical of the processes listed. KEY qamwe Average Application Higher or lower values may be obtained under special conditions. Less Frequent Application Fig, 5. Surface Roughness Produced by Common Production Methods