Chuyen de Toan Gioi Han Dao Ham Vi Phan

Chuyn ton hc : gii hn, o hm,
vi phn
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Nhac lai Gii han ao ham Vi phan

1. Cac gii han ac biet:
sin x
=1
a) lim
x 0 x
x
=1
x 0 sin x
He qua: lim
sin u(x)
=1
u(x)0 u(x)
u(x)
=1
u(x)0 sin u(x)
ln(1 + x)
=1
x 0
x
lim
lim
lim
1
b) lim 1 + = e, x R
x
x
1
He qua: lim (1 + x) x = e.
x0
lim
ex - 1
=1
x 0
x
2. Bang ao ham cac ham so s cap c ban va cac he qua:

(c) = 0 (c la hang so)
(x a )' = ax a-1
(ua )' = aua-1u '
1
1
' = - 2
x
x
( x )' = 1
2 x
x
(e )' = ex
u'
1
' = - 2
u
u
( u ) ' = u'
2 u
u
(e )' = u'.e u
(ax )' = a x .ln a

(a u )' = a u .ln a . u '
1
u'
(ln x )' =
(ln u )' =
x
u
1
u'
(loga x ') =
(loga u )' =
x.ln a
u.ln a
(sinx) = cosx
(sinu) = u.cosu
1
u'
(tgx)' =
= 1 + tg 2 x
(tgu)' =
= (1 + tg 2 u).u'
2
2
cos x
cos u
-1
- u'
(cot gx)' =
= -(1 + cot g 2 x)
(cot gu)' =
= - (1 + cot g 2 u).u'
2
2
sin x
sin u
3. Vi phan:
Cho ham so y = f(x) xac nh tren khoang (a ; b) va co ao ham tai x (a; b) . Cho so
gia Dx tai x sao cho x + Dx (a; b) . Ta goi tch y.Dx (hoac f(x).Dx) la vi phan cua
ham so y = f(x) tai x, ky hieu la dy (hoac df(x)).
dy = y.Dx (hoac df(x) = f(x).Dx
Ap dung nh ngha tren vao ham so y = x, th
dx = (x)Dx = 1.Dx = Dx
V vay ta co: dy = ydx (hoac df(x) = f(x)dx)
Trang 1
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
NGUYEN HAM VA TCH PHAN

Bai 1: NGUYEN HAM
1. nh ngha:
Ham so F(x) c goi la nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) neu moi x
thuoc (a ; b), ta co: F(x) = f(x).
Neu thay cho khoang (a ; b) la oan [a ; b] th phai co them:
F '(a+ ) = f(x) va F '(b - ) = f(b)
2. nh ly:
Neu F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) th :
a/
Vi moi hang so C, F(x) + C cung la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren
khoang o.
b/
Ngc lai, moi nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) eu co the
viet di dang: F(x) + C vi C la mot hang so.
Ngi ta ky hieu ho tat ca cac nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) la f(x)dx. Do
o viet:
f(x)dx = F(x) + C
Bo e: Neu F(x) = 0 tren khoang (a ; b) th F(x) khong oi tren khoang o.
3. Cac tnh chat cua nguyen ham:
( f(x)dx ) ' = f(x)
af(x)dx = a f(x)dx (a 0)
[ f(x) + g(x)] dx = f(x)dx + g(x)dx
f(t)dt = F(t) + C f [ u(x)] u'(x)dx = F [ u(x)] + C = F(u) + C
(u = u(x))
4. S ton tai nguyen ham:
nh ly: Moi ham so f(x) lien tuc tren oan [a ; b] eu co nguyen ham tren oan o.
Trang 2
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
BANG CAC NGUYEN HAM

Nguyen ham cua cac ham so s cap Nguyen ham cua cac ham so hp
thng gap
(di ay u = u(x))
dx = x + C
du = u + C
x a+1
x dx = a + 1 + C
(a -1)
ua+1
u du = a + 1 + C
dx
= ln x + C
x
(x 0)
e dx = e
x
x
a dx =
du
= ln u + C
u
e du = e
u
+C
ax
+C
ln a
(a -1)
u
a du =
(0 < a 1)
(u = u(x) 0)
+C
au
+C
ln a
(0 < a 1)
cos xdx = sin x + C
cos udu = sin u + C
sin xdx = - cos x + C
sin udu = - cos u + C
dx
2
cos2 x = (1 + tg x)dx = tgx + C
du
2
cos2 u = (1 + tg u)du = tgu + C
dx
sin
= (1 + cot g 2 x)dx = - cot gx + C
dx
= x +C
x
du
sin
du
= u +C
u
(x > 0)
1
cos(ax + b)dx = a sin(ax + b) + C
(a 0)
1
sin(ax
+
b)dx
=
cos(ax + b) + C
(a 0)
dx
ax + b = a ln ax + b + C
e
ax + b
= (1 + cot g 2 u)du = - cot gu + C
1
dx = eax + b + C
a
(a 0)
dx
2
=
ax + b + C
ax + b a
(a 0)
Trang 3
(u > 0)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 1: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG NH NGHA

Bai toan 1: CMR F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b)
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Xac nh F(x) tren (a ; b)
+ Bc 2: Chng to rang F '(x) = f(x) vi "x (a; b)
Chu y: Neu thay (a ; b) bang [a ; b] th phai thc hien chi tiet hn, nh sau:
Xac nh F(a+)
Xac nh F(b)
F '(x) = f(x), "x (a ; b)
+ Bc 2: Chng to rang F '(a + ) = f(a)

F '(b - ) = f(b)
V du 1: CMR ham so: F(x) = ln(x + x 2 + a) vi a > 0

1
la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) =
x2 + a
tren R.
Giai:
Ta co: F '(x) = [ln(x + x 2 + a)]' =
(x + x 2 + a)'
x + x2 + a
2x
1+
2 x2 + a
x + x2 + a
=
=
x2 + a + x
x 2 + a(x + x 2 + a)
Vay F(x) vi a > 0 la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren R.
ex
V du 2: CMR ham so: F(x) = 2
x + x + 1
khi x 0
khi x < 0
ex
khi x 0
La mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) =
tren R.
2x
+
1
khi
x
<
0
Giai:
e tnh ao ham cua ham so F(x) ta i xet hai trng hp:
a/ Vi x 0 , ta co:
e x
khi x > 0
F '(x) =
2x + 1 khi x < 0
b/ Vi x = 0, ta co:
Trang 4
1
x2 + a
= f(x)
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
ao ham ben trai cua ham so tai iem x0 = 0.

F '(0 - ) = limx0
F(x) - F(0)
x 2 + x + 1 - e0
= lim= 1.
x 0
x-0
x
ao ham ben phai cua ham so tai iem x0 = 0.

F '(0 + ) = lim+
x0
F(x) - F(0)
ex - e0
= lim+
= 1.
x0
x-0
x
Nhan xet rang F '(0 - ) = F '(0 + ) = 1 F '(0) = 1.

e x
khi x 0
Tom lai: F '(x) =
= f(x)
2x + 1 khi x < 0
Vay F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren R.
Bai toan 2: Xac nh cac gia tr cua tham so e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x)
tren (a ; b).
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
+ Bc 2: e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b), ieu kien la:
F '(x) = f(x) vi "x (a; b)
Dung ong nhat cua ham a thc gia tr tham so.
Chu y: Neu thay (a ; b) bang [a ; b] th phai thc hien chi tiet hn, nh sau:
Xac nh F(a+)
Xac nh F(b)
+ Bc 2: e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b), ieu kien la:
F '(x) = f(x), "x (a ; b)
+
gia tr cua tham so.
F '(a ) = f(a)
F '(b - ) = f(b)
Bai toan 3: Tm hang so tch phan

PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Dung cong thc a hoc, tm nguyen ham: F(x) = G(x) + C
Da vao e bai a cho e tm hang so C.

Thay gia tr C vao (*), ta co nguyen ham can tm.
Trang 5
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
x2
khi x 1
V du 3: Xac nh a , b e ham so: F(x) =
ax + b khi x > 1
2x
la mot nguyen ham cua ham so: f(x) =
2
khi x 1
khi x > 1
tren R.
Giai:
e tnh ao ham cua ham so F(x) ta i xet hai trng hp:
2x khi x < 1
a/ Vi x 1 , ta co: F '(x) =
2 khi x > 1
b/ Vi x = 1, ta co:
e ham so F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1, trc het F(x) phai lien tuc tai x = 1, do
o :
lim- F(x) = lim+ F(x) = f(1) a + b = 1 b = 1 - a
(1)
x 1
x 1
ao ham ben trai cua ham so y = F(x) tai iem x = 1.

F'(1) = lim
x 1
f(x) - F(1)
x2 - 1
= lim= 2.
x 1 x - 1
x -1
ao ham ben phai cua ham so y = f(x) tai iem x0 = 0.

F '(1+ ) = lim+
x 1
F(x) - F(1)
ax + b - 1
ax + 1 - a - 1
= lim+
= lim+
= a.
x 1
x 1
x -1
x -1
x -1
Ham so y = F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1 F '(1- ) = F '(1+ ) a = 2.
(2)
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c b = 1.

Vay ham so y = F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1, neu va ch neu a = 2, b = 1.
Khi o: F(1) = 2 = f(1)
Tom lai vi a = 2, b = 1 th F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x).
V du 4: Xac nh a , b , c e ham so: F(x) = (ax 2 + bx + c)e -2x la mot nguyen ham cua
F(x) = - (2x 2 - 8x + 7)e-2 x tren R.
Giai:
Ta co: F '(x) = (2ax + b)e-2 x - 2(ax 2 + bx + c)e -2x = -2ax 2 + 2(a - b)x + b - 2ce-2x
Do o F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua f(x) tren R
F '(x) = f(x), "x R
- 2ax 2 + 2(a - b)x + b - 2c = - 2x 2 + 8x - 7, "x R
a = 1
a = 1
a - b = 4
b = -3
b - 2c = -7
c = 2
Vay F(x) = (x 2 - 3x + 2)e-2x .
Trang 6
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
BAI TAP
x p
Bai 1. Tnh ao ham cua ham so F(x) = ln tg +
2 4
T o suy ra nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) =
1
.
cos x
ln(x 2 + 1)
,x0
Bai 2. Chng to rang ham so F(x) =

x
0
,x = 0
2
ln(x 2 + 1)
,x0
2
la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) = x + 1
x2
1
,x=0
Bai 3. Xac nh a, b, c sao cho ham so F(x) = (ax 2 + bx + c).e- x la mot nguyen ham cua
ham so f(x) = (2x 2 - 5x + 2)e- x tren R.
S: a = 2 ; b = 1 ; c = 1.
Bai 4. a/
b/
Tnh nguyen ham F(x) cua f(x) =
Tm nguyen ham F(x) cua f(x) = sin 2
S: a/ F(x) =
Bai 5. a/
x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x - 7
va F(0) = 8.
(x + 1)2
x2
8
+x+
;
2
x +1
x
p p
va F = .
2
2 4
1
b/ F(x) = (x - sin x + 1)
2
Xac nh cac hang so a, b, c sao cho ham so:

F(x) = (ax 2 + bx + c) 2x - 3 la mot nguyen ham cua ham so:
f(x) =
b/
20x 2 - 30x + 7
3
tren khoang ; +
2
2x - 3
Tm nguyen ham G(x) cua f(x) vi G(2) = 0.
S: a/ a = 4; b = -2; c = 1;
b/ G(x) = (4x 2 - 2x + 10) 2x - 3 - 22.
Trang 7
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 2: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG VIEC S DUNG BANG
CAC NGUYEN HAM C BAN
f(ax + b)dx = a F(ax + b) + C vi a 0.
V du 1: CMR , neu f(x)dx = F(x) + C th
Giai:
1
Ta luon co: f(ax + b)dx = f(ax + b)d(ax + b) vi a 0.
a
Ap dung tnh chat 4, ta c:
f(ax + b)dx = a (ax + b)d(ax + b) a F(ax + b) + C (pcm) .
Ghi chu: Cong thc tren c ap dung cho cac ham so hp:
f(t)dt = F(t) + C f(u)du = F(u) + C, vi u = u(x)

V du 2: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:
a/
3
(2x + 3) dx
b/ cos4 x.sin xdx
c/
2e x
dx
ex + 1
d/
(2 ln x + 1)2
dx
x
Giai:
1
1 (2x + 3)4
(2x + 3)4
3
+C=
+ C.
a/ Ta co: (2x + 3) dx = (2x + 3) d(2x + 3) = .
2
2
4
8
3
b/ Ta co: cos4 x.sin xdx = - cos 4 xd(cos x) = c/ Ta co:
cos5 x
+C
5
2ex
d(ex + 1)
x
dx
=
2
ex + 1
ex + 1 = 2 ln(e + 1) + C
(2 ln x + 1)2
1
1
d/ Ta co:
dx = (2 ln x + 1)2 d(2 ln x + 1) = (2 ln x + 1)3 + C.
x
2
2
a/
2sin
x
dx
2
b/ cot g2 xdx
c/ tgxdx
Giai:
a/ Ta co: 2sin 2
x
dx = (1 - cos x)dx = x - sin x + C
2
b/ Ta co: cot g 2 xdx = 2 - 1 dx = - cot gx - x + C

sin x
c/ Ta co: tgxdx =
sin x
d(cos x)
dx = -
= - ln cos x + C
cos x
cos x
Trang 8
d/
tgx
dx
cos3 x
Tran S Tung
d/ Ta co:
Tch phan
tgx
cos
dx =
sin x
d(cos x)
1
1
dx = -
= - cos -3 x + C = + C.
4
4
cos x
cos x
3
3cos3 x

a/
1 + x dx
2
b/
1
dx
- 3x + 2
Giai:
a/ Ta co:
x
1 d(1 + x 2 ) 1
dx
=
= ln(1 + x 2 ) + C
2
1 + x2
2 1+ x
2
b/ Ta co:
1
1
1
1
dx =
dx =
dx
- 3x + 2
(x - 1)(x - 2)
x - 2 x -1
= ln x - 2 - ln x - 1 + C = ln
x-2
+ C.
x -1
BAI TAP
Bai 6. Tm nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
x
a/ f(x) = cos2 ; b/
2
S: a/
1
(x + sin x) + C ;
2
f(x) sin 3 x.
1
- cos x + cos3 x + C.
3
b/
Bai 7. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :

a/
e (2 - e
d/
e2-5x + 1
ex dx;
-x
)dx; b/
e/
S: a/ 2e - x + C;
x
d/
ex
2x dx ;
c/
2 2x.3x.5x
10x dx .
ex
ex + 2dx
ex
+ C;
(1 - ln 2)2 x
b/
1
- e2-6 x - e- x + C; e/
6
c/
6x
+C
ln 6
ln(ex + 2) + C .
Bai 8. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :

a/
d/
(1 - 2x)
x 4 + x -4 + 2 dx ;
2001
dx; e/
x3 1
S: a/
- + C;
3 x
d/
b/
x 5 x dx ; c/
x 2 + 1 dx ;
3 - 4 ln x
dx
x
55 7
x + C;
7
b/
1 (1 - 2x)2002
- .
+ C;
2
2002
Trang 9
e/
c/
1 2
(x + 1) x 2 + 1 + C ;
3
1
(3 + 4 ln x) 3 + 4 ln x + C.
6
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 3: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH

Phng phap phan tch thc chat la viec s dung cac ong nhat thc e bien oi bieu
thc di dau tch phan thanh tong cac bieu thc ma nguyen ham cua moi bieu thc o
co the nhan c t bang nguyen ham hoac ch bang cac phep bien oi n gian a biet.
Chu y quan trong: iem mau chot la phep phan tch la co the rut ra y tng cho rieng
mnh t mot vai minh hoa sau:
Vi f(x) = (x 3 - 2)2 th viet lai f(x) = x 6 - 4x 3 + 4.
Vi f(x) =
x 2 - 4x + 5
2
th viet lai f(x) = x - 3 +
.
x -1
x -1
Vi f(x) =
1
1
1
th viet lai f(x) =
x - 5x + 6
x -3 x -2
Vi f(x) =
Vi f(x) = (2 x - 3x )2 th viet lai f(x) = 4 x - 2.6 x + 9 x.
Vi f(x) = 8 cos3 x.sin x th viet lai f(x) = 2(cos3x + 3cos x).sin x
1
1
th viet lai f(x) = ( 3 - 2x - 2x + 1)
2
2x + 1 + 3 - 2x
= 2 cos3x.sin x + 6 cos x.sin x = sin 4x - sin 2x + 3sin 2x = sin 4x + 2 sin 2x.
tg 2 x = (1 + tg 2 x) - 1
cot g 2 x = (1 + cot g 2 x) - 1
x n (1 + x 2 ) + 1
1
= xn +
.
2
1+ x
1 + x2
o ch la mot vai minh hoa mang tnh ien hnh.

V du 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = x(1 - x)2002 dx.
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc : x = 1 (1 x)
ta c: x(1 - x)2002 = [1 - (1 - x)](1 - x)2002 = (1 - x)2002 - (1 - x)2003 .
Khi o:
I = (1 - x)2002 dx - (1 - x)2003 dx = - (1 - x)2002 d(1 - x) + (1 - x)2003 d(1 - x)
=-
(1 - x)2003 (1 - x)2004
+
+ C.
2003
2004
Tong quat: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
I = x(ax + b)a dx, vi a 0
1
1
S dung ong nhat thc: x = .ax = [(ax + b) - b]
a
a
Trang 10
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Ta c:
1
1
x(ax + b)a = [(ax + b) - b)(ax + b)a = [ (ax + b)a+1 d(ax + b) - (ax + b)a d(ax + d)]
a
a
Ta xet ba trng hp :
Vi a = 2, ta c: I =
=
1
1
[ln ax + b +
] + C.
2
a
ax + b
Vi a = 1, ta c:
I=
1
[ (ax + b)-1 d(ax + b) - (ax + b)-2 d(ax + b)]
2
a
1
1
[ d(ax + b) - (ax + b)-1 d(ax + b)] = 2 [ax + b - ln ax + b ] + C.
2
a
a
Vi a R \ {-2; - 1}, ta c:
I=
V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =
1 (ax + b)a+ 2 (ax + b)a+1

[
+
] + C.
a2
a+2
a +1
dx
- 4x + 3
Giai:
Ta co:
1
1
1 (x - 1) - (x - 3) 1 1
1
=
= .
= .
x - 4x + 3 (x - 3)(x - 1) 2 (x - 3)(x - 1)
2 x - 3 x -1
2
1 dx
dx 1 d(x - 3)
d(x - 1) 1
Khi o: I = .
-
-
' = .(ln x - 3 - ln x - 1) + C
= [
2 x -3
x -1 2
x -3
x -1
2
=
1 x -3
ln
+ C.
2 x -1
dx
x +2 + x -3
Giai:
Kh tnh vo t mau so bang cach truc can thc, ta c:

1
1
1
1
2
I = ( x + 2 + x - 3)dx = [ (x + 2) d(x + 2) + (x - 3) 2 d(x - 3)]
5
5
2
= [ (x + 2)3 + (x - 3)3 ] + C.
15
dx
sin x.cos
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc: sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1,
Trang 11
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1
1
sin 2 x + cos2 x sin x
1
sin x
2 . 1 .
Ta c:
=
=
+
=
+
sin x.cos 2 x
sin x.sin 2 x
cos2 x sin x cos2 x cos2 x tg x
2
2
x
1
d tg
sin x
d(cos x)
1
x
2
Suy ra: I =
dx +
dx = -
+ 2 =
+ ln tg + C.
2
2
x x
x
cos x
cos x
cos x
2
cos2 tg
tg
2 2
2
dx
cos
Giai:
S dung ket qua:
ta c: I =
dx
= d(tgx)
cos2 x
1
dx
1 3
2
2
.
=
(1
+
tg
x)d(tgx)
=
d(tgx)
+
tg
xd(tgx)
=
tgx
+
tg x + C.
cos2 x cos2 x
3
BAI TAP
Bai 9. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/ f(x) = (1 - 2x 2 )3 ;
b/
f(x) =
2 x - x 3ex - 3x 2
;
x3
(2 + x )2
;
x
d/
f(x) =
1
3x + 4 - 3x + 2
c/ f(x) =
12 5 8 7
x - x +C ;
5
7
b/
24 6
3
x x + x 3 x 2 + C;
7
5
d/
1
3
3
(3x - 4) + (3x + 2) + C.
9
S: a/ x - 2x 3 +
c/ 6 3 x 2 +
4
- e x + ln x + C;
3x x

a/ f(x) =
1
;
2
x - 6x + 5
b/
f(x) =
4x 2 + 6x + 1
;
2x + 1
c/ f(x) =
4x 3 + 4x 2 - 1
;
2x + 1
d/
f(x) =
-4x 3 + 9x + 1
;
9 - 4x 2
S: a/
1 x-5
ln
+ C;
4 x -1
1
b/ x 2 + 2x - ln 2x + 1 + C;
2
2
1
1
1
c/ x 3 + x 2 - x - ln 2x + 1 + C ;
3
2
2
4
Trang 12
x2 1
2x - 3
d/
- ln
+ C.
2 12 2x + 3
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
a/ (sin x + cos x)2 ;
p
p
b/ cos 2x - .cos 2x + ;
3
d/ cos 4 x;
e/ sin 4 x + cos4 x;
1
S: a/ x - cos2x + C ;
2
b/
c/ cos3 x;
f/ sin 6 2x + cos6 2x.
1
7p 1
p
sin 5x +
+ sin x - + C
10
12 2
12
c/
3
1
sin x + si n3x + C;
4
12
d/
3
1
1
x + si n2x + si n4x + C;
8
4
31
e/
3
sin 4x
x+
+ C;
4
16
f/
5
3
x + sin 8x + C.
8
64
Trang 13
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 4: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG PHNG PHAP OI BIEN SO

Phng phap oi bien so c s dung kha pho bien trong viec tnh cac tch phan bat
nh. Phng phap oi bien so e xac nh nguyen ham co hai dang da tren nh ly sau:
nh ly:
a/ Neu f(x)dx = F(x) + C va u = j(x) la ham so co ao ham th f(u)du = F(u) + C .
b/ Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc th khi at x = j(t) trong o j(t) cung vi ao ham cua no
(j(t) la nhng ham so lien tuc, ta se c:
f(x)dx = f[j(t)].j '(t)dt.
T o ta trnh bay hai bai toan ve phng phap oi bien nh sau:
Bai toan 1: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 1 tch tch phan bat nh I = f(x)dx.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc:
+ Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp.
+ Bc 2: Lay vi phan dx = j(t)dt
+ Bc 3: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
+ Bc 4: Khi o I = g(t)dt.
Lu y: Cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong thng la:
Dau hieu
Cach chon
p
p
x = a sin t vi - t
2
2
a2 - x 2
x = x cos t vi 0 t p
a
p p
x
=
v
i
t
- 2 ; 2 \ {0}
sin t
a
p
x = cos t vi t [0; p] \ { 2 }
p
p
x
=
a
tgt
v
i
<
t
<
2
2
x = a cot gt vi 0 < t < p
x 2 - a2
a2 + x 2
a+ x
a-x
hoac
a-x
a+x
(x - a)(b - x)
x = acos2t
x = a + (b a)sin2t
dx
(1 - x 2 )
Giai:
at x = sin t; -
p
p
<t<
2
2
Trang 14
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Suy ra: dx = cos tdt &
dx
(1 - x 2 )3
Khi o: I = d(tdt) = tgt + C =
cos tdt
dt
=
= d(tgt)
3
cos t cos2 t
x
1- x
Chu y: Trong v du tren s d ta co:

la bi: -
+ C.
(1 - x 2 )3 = cos3 t va tgt =
p
p
< t < cos t > 0
2
2
x
1 - x2
cos2 t = cos t
cos t = 1 - sin 2 t = 1 - x 2
x 2 dx
x2 - 1
Giai:
V ieu kien x > 1 , ta xet hai trng hp :
Vi x > 1
1
p
2 cos 2tdt
;0<t<
Suy ra: dx =
sin 2t
4
sin 2 2t
x 2 dx
2dt
2(cos2 t + sin 2 t)2 dt
=- 3 =sin 2t
8sin 3 t cos3 t
x2 - 1
at: x =
1
1
1
1
= - (cot gt. 2 + tgt.
+
)dt
2
4
sin t
cos t sin t cos t
1
1
1
2 1
= - (cot gt. 2 + tdt.
+
)
2
4
sin t
cos t tgt cos2 t
1
d(tgt)
= - [- cot gt.d(cot gt) + tgt.d(tgt) + 2
].
4
tgt
1
d(tgt)
I = - [- cot gt.d(cot gt) + tgt.d(tgt) + 2
]
4
tgt
1 1
1
1
1
= - (- cot g2t + tg2 t + 2ln tgt ) + C = (cot g2 t - tg2t) - ln tgt + C
4 2
2
8
2
1
1
= x x2 - 1 - ln x - x2 - 1 + C.
2
2
Vi x < 1 e ngh ban oc t lam
Khi o:
Chu y: Trong v du tren s d ta co: cot g 2 t - tg 2 t = 4x x 2 - 1 va tgt = x - x 2 - 1

cos4 t - sin 4 t 4 cos2t 4 1 - sin 2 2t
4
1
la bi: cot g t - tg t =
=
=
=
-1
cos2 t.sin 2 t
sin 2 2t
sin 2 2t
sin 2t sin 2 2t
2
1
1
sin t
2sin 2 t
1 - cos2t
1
cos2 2t
tgt =
=
-1
=
=
=
2
cos t 2sin t.cos t
sin 2t
sin 2t
sin 2t sin 2t
sin 2 2t
Trang 15
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
dx
(1 + x 2 )3
Giai:
at: x = tgt; -
p
p
dt
< t < . Suy ra: dx =
&
2
2
cos2 t
Khi o: I = cos tdt = sin t + C =
x
1 + x2
dx
(1 + x 2 )3
cos3 tdt
= cos tdt.
cos2 t
+C
Chu y:
1. Trong v du tren s d ta co:
1
1 + x2
= cos t va sin t =
x
1 + x2
cos2 t = cos t
p
p
la bi: - < t < cos t > 0

x
2
2
sin t = tgt.cos t =
1 + x2
2. Phng phap tren c ap dung e giai bai toan tong quat:

I=
dx
2
(a + x 2 )2 k +1
, vi k Z.
Bai toan 2: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 2 tch tch phan I = f(x)dx.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc:
+ Bc 1: Chon t = y(x), trong o y(x) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp
+ Bc 2: Xac nh vi phan dt = y '(x)dx.
+ Bc 3: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
+ Bc 4: Khi o I = g(t)dt.
Dau hieu
Ham so mau co
Ham so f(x, j(x)
a.sin x + b.cos x
Ham f(x) =
c.sin x + d.cos x + e
Ham f(x) =
1
(x + a)(x + b)
Trang 16
Cach chon
t la mau so
t = j(x)
x
x
t = tg (vi cos 0)
2
2
Vi x + a > 0 & x + b > 0, at:
t = x+a + x+b
Vi x + a < 0 & x + b < 0, at:
t = x - a + -x - b
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = x 3 (2 - 3x 2 )8 dx.

Giai:
at: t = 2 - 3x .
2
Suy ra: dt = 6xdx
x3 (2 - 3x2 )8 dx = x2 (2 - 3x2 )8 xdx =

Khi o: I =
2-t 2-t 8 1 1 9
.t . - dt = (t - 2t 8 )dt.
=
3
3
6 18
1
1 1
2
1 10 1 9
(t 9 - 2t 8 )dt = t10 - t 9 + C =
t - t +C
18
18 10
9
180
81
x 2dx
1- x
Giai:
at: t = 1 - x x = 1 - t 2
Suy ra: dx = - 2tdt &
x 2 dx (1 - t 2 )2 ( -2tdt)
=
= 2(t 4 - 2t 2 + 1)dt
t
1- x
2
2
1
Khi o: I = 2 (t 4 - 2t 2 + 1)dt = -2 t 5 - t 3 + t + C = - (3t 4 - 10t 2 + 15)t + C

3
15
5
=-
2
2
[3(1 - x)2 - 10(1 - x) + 15] 1 - x + C = - (3x 2 + 4x + 8) -1x + C
15
15
V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = x 5 3 (1 - 2x 2 )2 dx.

Giai:
1 - t3
3
at: t = 1 - 2x x =
. Suy ra: 2xdx = - t 2 tdt,
2
2
3
x 5 3 (1 - 2x 2 )2 dx = x 2 3 (1 - 2x 2 )2 xdx =
Khi o: I =
3 7 4
(t - t )dt =
8
1 - t3 2 3 2 3 7 4
.t - t dt = (t - t )dt.
2
4
8
31 8 1 5
3
(5t 6 - 8t 3 )t 2 + C
t - t +C=
88
5
320
3
[5(1 - 2x 2 )2 - 8(1 - 2x 2 )] 3 (1 - 2x 2 )2 + C
320
3
(20x 4 - 4x 2 - 3) 3 (1 - 2x 2 )2 + C.
320
V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = sin 3 x cos xdx.

Giai:
at: t = cos x t 2 = cos x
dt = sinxdx,
Trang 17
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
sin 3 x cos xdx = sin 2 x cos x sin xdx = (1 - cos2 x) cos x sin x dx
= (1 - t 4 ).t.(2tdt) = 2(t 6 - t 2 )dt.
1
2
1
Khi o: I = 2 (t 6 - t 2 )dt = 2 t 7 - t 3 + C = (3t 6 - 7t 2 )t + C
3
21
7
=
2
(cos3 x - 7 cos x) cos x + C.
21
cos x.sin 3 xdx

1 + sin 2 x
Giai:
at: t = 1 - x x = 1 - t 2at = 1 + sin 2 x
Suy ra: dt = 2sin x cos xdx,
cos x.sin 3 xdx sin 2 x.cos x.sin xdx (t - 1)dt 1 1
=
=
= 1 - dt.
1 + sin 2 x
1 + sin 2 x
2t
2 t
Khi o: I =
1 1
1
2
2
1 - dt = f12(t - ln t + C = [1 + sin x - ln(1 + sin x)] + C
2 t
2
cos2 xdx
sin8 x .
Giai:
at: t = cotgx
1
dx,
sin 2 x
cos2 xdx cos2 x dx
1
dx
dx
=
= cot g 2 x 4
= cot g 2 x.(1 + cot g2 x)2
8
6
2
2
sin x
sin x sin x
sin x sin x
sin 2 x
= t 2 .(1 + t 2 )2 dt.
Suy ra: dt = -
2
1
1
Khi o: I = t 2 .(1 + t 2 )dt = (t 6 + 2t 4 + t 2 )dt = t 7 + t 5 + t 3 + C
5
3
7
1
=
(15cot g 7 x + 42 cot g 5x + 35cot g3 x) + C.
105
dx
- ex / 2
Giai:
at: t = e- x / 2
1
dx
Suy ra: dt = - ex / 2 dx - 2dt = x / 2 ,
2
e
dx
dx
e- x / 2 dx
-2tdt
1
=
=
=
= 2(1 +
)dt
x
x/2
x
-x / 2
x/2
-x / 2
e -e
e (1 - e ) e (1 - e ) 1 - t
t -1
Trang 18
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
-x / 2
Khi o: I = 2 1 +
+ ln e- x / 2 + 1) + C.
dt = 2(e
t -1
Chu y: Bai toan tren a dung ti kinh nghiem e la chon cho phep oi bien t = e - x / 2 ,
tuy nhien vi cach at t = ex / 2 chung ta cung co the thc hien c bai toan.
dx
1 + ex
Giai:
Cach 1:
at: t = 1 + ex t 2 = 1 + e x
Suy ra: 2tdt = e x dx dx =
2tdt
dx
2tdt
2tdt
&
= 2
= 2
.
2
t -1
1 + ex t(t - 1) t - 1
dt
t -1
1 + ex - 1
Khi o: I = 2 2
= ln
+ C = ln
+C
t -1
t +1
1 + ex + 1
Cach 2:
at: t = e- x / 2
1
dx
Suy ra: dt = e - x / 2dx - 2dt = x / 2 ,
2
e
dx
dx
dx
-2dt
=
=
=
1 + ex
ex (e- x + 1) ex / 2 e- x + 1
t2 + 1
Khi o: I = - 2
dt
t +1
2
= - 2 ln t + t 2 + 1 + C = -2 ln e- x / 2 + e - x + 1 + C
dx
x +a
2
, vi a 0. .
Giai:
at: t = x + x + a
2
x
x2 + a + x
dx
dt
Suy ra: dt = 1 +
dx
=
dx =
2
2
2
t
x +a
x +a
x +a
dt
Khi o: I = = ln t + C = ln x + x 2 + a + C.
t
dx
.
(x + 1)(x + 2)
Giai:
Ta xet hai trng hp:
x + 1 > 0
Vi
x > -1
x + 2 > 0
at: t = x + 1 + x + 2
Trang 19
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1
( x + 1 + x + 2)dx
dx
2dt
1
Suy ra: dt =
+
=
dx =
t
2 (x + 1)(x + 2)
(x + 1)(x + 2)
2 x +1 2 x + 2
dt
Khi o: I = 2 = 2 ln t + C = 2 ln x + 1 + x + 2 + C
t
x + 1 < 0
x < -2
Vi
+
<
x
2
0
at: t = -(x + 1) + -(x + 2)

[ -(x + 1) + -(x + 2)]dx
1
1
Suy ra: dt = dx =
2 (x + 1)(x + 2)
2 -(x + 1) 2 -(x + 2)
dx
2dt
=t
(x + 1)(x + 2)
Khi o: I = - 2
dt
= -2 ln t + C = -2 ln -(x + 1) + -(x + 2) + C
t
BAI TAP
Bai 12. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
x4
x2 - x
a/ f(x) = x (x - 1) ; b/ f(x) = 10
; c/ f(x) =
;
x -4
(x - 2)3
2
S:
a/
1
2
1
(x - 1)12 + (x - 1)11 + (x - 10)10 + C.
12
11
10
x2 - 1
d/ f(x) = 4
;
x +1
b/
1
x5 - 2
ln 5
+ C.
20 x + 2
x2 - x 2 + 1
d/
ln
+ C.
2 2 x2 + x 2 + 1
2x - 5
c/ ln x - 2 + C;
(x - 2)2
a/ f(x) =
S:
a/
2x
x + x -1
2
b/ f(x) =
1
2
2 3
(x + a )
2 3 2
x (x 2 - 1)3 + C;
3
3
b/
(a > 0) ;
x
x +a
2
c/ f(x) =
+ C;
3x 6
c/ 6
+ x + ln 6 x - 1 + C.
2

1
cos5 x
;
a/ f(x) = 3
; b/ f(x) =
cos x
sin x
c/ f(x) =
sin x + cos x
;
sin x - cos x
cos3 x
1
d/ f(x) =
; e/ f(x) =
.
sin x
sin 4 x
S:
a/
33 2
3
3
sin x + 3 sin14 x - 3 sin 8 x + C;
2
14
4
Trang 20
1
3
x - x
2
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
b/
x p
ln tg + + C;
2 4
c/
33
1 - si n2x + C;
2
d/
1
ln sin x - sin 2 x + C;
2
e/
1
- cot g3x - cot gx + C.
3

a/ f(x) =
1
1 + e2 x
2 x.3x
;
c/ f(x) = x
9 - 4x
S:
a/
c/
b/
f(x) =
x +1
;
x(1 + xex )
d/
f(x) =
1
;
x ln x.ln(ln x)
- ln(e- x + e-2 x + 1) + C;
1
3x - 2 x
, ln x
+ C;
2(ln 3 - ln 2)
3 + 2x
Trang 21
xe x
+ C;
1 + xex
b/
ln
d/
ln ln(ln x) + C.
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 5: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM
BANG PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
udv = uv - vdu.
Cong thc tnh tch phan tng phan:
Bai toan 1: S dung cong thc tch phan tng phan xac nh I = f(x)dx.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
+ Bc 1: Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang: I = f(x)dx = f1 (x).f2 (x)dx.
u = f1 (x)
du
+ Bc 2: at:
v
dv = f2 (x)dx
+ Bc 3: Khi o: I = uv - vdu.
V du 1: Tch tch phan bat nh: I =
x ln(x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1
Viet lai I di dang: I = ln(x + x 2 + 1)
Giai:
x
x2 + 1
dx.
1+ x
u = ln(x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1 =
du =
at :
x
x + x2 + 1
dv
=
x2 + 1
v = x 2 + 1
dx
x2 + 1
Khi o: I = x 2 + 1 ln(x + x 2 + 1) - dx = x 2 + 1 ln(x + x 2 + 1) - x + C.

V du 2: Tch tch phan bat nh: I = cos(ln x)dx.
Giai:
-1
u = cos(ln x)
du = sin(ln x)dx
at :
x
dv = dx
v = x
Khi o: I = x cos(ln x) + sin(ln x)dx.
(1)
Xet J = sin(ln x)dx.

1
u = sin(ln x)
du = cos(ln x)dx
at:
x
dv = dx
v = x.
Khi o: J = x.sin(ln x) - cos(ln x)dx = x.sin(ln x) - I
Trang 22
(2)
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
x
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c: I = x.cos(ln x) + x.sin(ln x) - I I = [cos(ln x) + sin(ln x)] + C.
2
Chu y: Neu bai toan yeu cau tnh gia tr cua mot cap tch phan:
I1 = sin(ln x)dx va I 2 = cos(ln x)dx
ta nen la chon cach trnh bay sau:
S dung tch phan tng phan cho I1, nh sau:

1
u = sin(ln x)
du = cos(ln x)dx
at :
x
dv = dx
v = x
Khi o: I1 = x.sin(ln x) - cos(ln x)dx = x.sin(ln x) - I 2 .
(3)

1
u = cos(ln x)
du = - sin(ln x)dx
at :
x
dv
dx
=
v = x
Khi o: I 2 = x.cos(ln x) - sin(ln x)dx = x.cos(ln x) + I1 .
(4)
T he tao bi (3) va (4) ta nhan c:

x
I1 = [sin(ln x) - cos(ln x)] + C.
2
V du 3: Tch tch phan bat nh: I =
x
I 2 = [sin(ln x) + cos(ln x)] + C.
2
ln(cos x)
dx.
cos2 x
Giai:
u = ln(cos x)
at :
dx
dv
=
cos2 x
sin x
dx
du = cos x
v = tgx
Khi o: I = ln(cos x).tgx + tg 2 xdx = ln(cos x).tgx +

- 1dx
2
cos x
= ln(cos x).tgx + tgx - x + C.
Bai toan 2: Tnh I = P(x)sin axdx (hoac P(x) cos axdx) vi P la mot a thc thuoc
R[X] va a R * .
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Trang 23
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: (S dung tch phan tng phan). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
u = P(x)
+ Bc 1: at :
dv = sin axdx
+ Bc 2: Khi o: I = -
du = P '(x)dx
.
1
v = - a cos ax
1
1
P(x) cos a + P '(x).cos ax.dx.
a
a
+ Bc 3: Tiep tuc thu tuc tren ta se kh c a thc.
Cach 1: (S dung phng phap he so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Ta co: I = P(x)cos axdx = A(x)sin ax + B(x) cos ax + C.
(1)
trong o A(x) va B(x) la cac a thc cung bac vi P(x).

+ Bc 2: Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:
P(x).cos ax = [A '(x) + B(x)].sin a + [A(x) + B'(x)].cos x
(2)
S dung phng phap he so bat nh ta xac nh c cac a thc A(x) va B(x)

+ Bc 3: Ket luan.
Nhan xet: Neu bac cua a thc P(x) ln hn hoac bang 3 ta thay ngay cach 1 to ra qua
cong kenh, v khi o ta can thc hien thu tuc lay tch phan tng phan nhieu hn ba lan.
Do o ta i ti nhan nh chung sau:
Neu bac cua P(x) nho hn hoac bang 2, ta la chon cach 1.
Neu bac cua P(x) ln hn 2, ta la chon cach 2.
V du 4: Tnh : I = x.sin 2 xdx (HL_1999)
Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang c ban:
1
1
1 2 1
1 - cos 2x
I = x
dx = xdx - x cos2xdx = x - x cos 2xdx
2
2
2
4
2
Xet J = x cos2xdx.
dx
du = dx =
u = x
x2 + 1
at :
dv = cos 2xdx
v = 1 si n2x
2
x
1
x
1
Khi o: J = sin 2x - sin 2xdx = sin 2x + cos 2x + C. (2)
2
2
2
4
1
x
1
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c: I = x 2 + sin 2x + cos 2x + C.
4
4
8
V du 5: Tnh : I = (x 3 - x 2 + 2x - 3)sin xdx.
Trang 24
(1)
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Giai:
Ta co: I = (x 3 - x 2 + 2x - 3)sin xdx
= (a1x 3 + b1x 2 + c1x + d1 ) cos x + (a2 x 3 + b 2 x 2 + c2 x + d 2 )sin x + C
Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:
(x 3 - x 2 + 2x - 3)sin x = [a2 x 3 + (3a1 + b2 )x 2 + (2b1 + c2 )x + c1 + d 2 ].cos x -[a1x 3 - (3a2 - b1 )x 2 - (2b2 - c1 )x + c2 - d1 ].sin x
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 2 = 0
3a1 + b2 = 0
(I)
va
2b
+
c
=
0
1 2
c1 + d 2 = 0
(2)
-a 2 = 1
3a2 - b1 = -1
(II)
2b
c
=
2
2 1
- c2 + d1 = -3
Giai (I) va (II), ta c: a1 = -1, b1 = 1, c1 = 4, d1 = 1, a2 = 0, b 2 = 3, c2 = -2, d 2 = -4.

Khi o: I = ( -x 3 + x 2 + 4x + 1)cos x + (3x 2 - 2x + 4)sin x + C.
Bai toan 3: Tnh I = eax cos(bx)dx hoac eax sin(bx) vi a, b 0.

PHNG PHAP CHUNG
du = - bsin(bx)dx
u = cos(bx)
+ Bc 1: at :

.
1 ax
ax
v
e
=
dv
e
dx
=
a
1
b
(1)
Khi o: I = eax cos(bx) + eax sin(bx)dx.
a
a
+ Bc 2: Xet J = eax sin(bx)dx.
du = b cos x(bx)dx
u = sin(bx)
at
1 ax
ax
v
=
e
dv = e dx
a
1
b
1
b
Khi o: J = eax sin(bx) - eax cos(bx)dx = eax sin(bx) - I. (2)
a
a
a
a
1
b 1
b
+ Bc 3: Thay (2) vao (1), ta c: I = ea cos(bx) + [ eax sin(bx) - I]
a
a a
a
[a.cos(bx) + b.sin(bx)eax
+ C.
a2 + b 2
Cach 2: (S dung phng phap hang so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc :
I=
+ Bc 1: Ta co: I = eax cos(bx)dx = [A cos(bx) + B.sin(bx)]eax + C. (3)

trong o A, B la cac hang so.
Trang 25
(1)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung

eax .cos(bx) = b[- A sin(bx) + Bcos(bx)]eax + a[A cos(bx) + Bsin(bx)]eax
= [(Aa + Bb).cos(bx) + Ba - Ab)sin(bx)]eax .
a
A= 2
Aa + Bb = 1
a + b2

Ba - Ab = 0
B = b
a2 + b 2
+ Bc 3: Vay: I =
[a.cos(bx) + b.sin(bx)]eax
+ C.
a2 + b 2
Chu y:
1. Neu bai toan yeu cau tnh gia tr cua mot cap tch phan:
I1 = eax cos(bx)dx va I 2 = eax sin(bx)dx.
ta nen la chon cach trnh bay sau:
du = - b sin(bx)dx
u = cos(bx)
at:
1 ax
ax
v
e
=
dv = e dx
a
1
b
1
b
Khi o: I1 = eax cos(bx) + eax sin(bx)dx = eax cos(bx) + I 2 .
a
a
a
a
du = b cos(bx)dx
u = sin(bx)
at:
1 ax
ax
v
e
=
dv = e dx
a
1
b
1
b
Khi o: I 2 = eax sin(bx) - eax cos(bx)dx = eax sin(bx) - I1 .
a
a
a
a
T he tao bi (3) va (4) ta nhan c:
(3)
(4)
[a.cos(bx) + b.sin(bx)]eax
[a.sin(bx) - b.cos(bx)]eax
+
C.
I
=
+ C.
2
a2 + b 2
a2 + b 2
2. Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac tch phan:
I1 =
J1 = eax sin 2 (bx)dx va J 2 = eax cos2 (bx)dx.

V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = ex .cos2 xdx.
Giai:
Cach 1: Viet lai I di dang:
1
1
1
I = ex .(1 + cos2x)dx = ( ex dx + ex .cos 2xdx) = (ex + ex .cos2xdx) (1)
2
2
2
Xet J = e x .cos 2xdx.

Trang 26
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
u = cos2x
at:
x
dv = e dx
du = -2 sin 2xdx
x
v = e
Khi o: J = ex cos2x + 2 ex sin 2xdx
(2)
Xet: K = ex sin 2xdx.

u = sin 2x
du = 2 cos 2xdx
at:
x
x
dv = e dx
v = e
Khi o: K = ex sin 2x - 2 e x cos 2xdx = ex sin 2x - 2J
(3)
Thay (3) vao (2), ta c:

1
J = e x cos 2x + 2(ex si n2x - 2J) J = (cos2x + 2 sin 2x)ex + C
5
Cach 2:
(4)
Thay (4) vao (1), ta c:

1
1
1
I = [ex + (cos2x + 2 sin 2x)ex ] + C = (5 + cos2x + 2sin 2x)ex + C
2
5
10
1
I = ex .(1 + cos 2x)dx = (a + b.cos2x + c.sin 2x)ex + C.
(5)
2
1 x
e (1 + cos 2x) = ( - b.sin 2x + 2c.cos2x)ex + (a + b.cos2x + c.sin 2x)e x
2
= [a + (2x + b) cos 2x + (c - 2b)sin 2x]ex .
(6)
2a = 1
a = 1/ 2
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: 2(2c + b) = 1 b = 1/ 10.

2(c - 2b) = 0
c = 1/ 5
1
Vay: I = (5 + cos 2x + 2sin 2x)ex + C.
10
Bai toan 4: Tnh I = P(x)eax dx vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[X] va a R* .

PHNG PHAP CHUNG
du = P '(x)dx
u = P(x)
+ Bc 1: at :

.
1 ax
ax
v
=
e
dv
=
e
dx
a
1
1
+ Bc 2: Khi o: I = P(x)eax - P '(x).eax .dx.
a
a
+ Bc 3: Tiep tuc thu tuc tren ta se kh c a thc.
Cach 2: (S dung phng phap he so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc :
Trang 27
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
+ Bc 1: Ta co: I = P(x).eax .dx = A(x)eax + C.
(1)
trong o A(x) la a thc cung bac vi P(x)

P(x).eax = [A '(x) + aA(x)].eax
(2)
S dung phng phap he so bat nh ta xac nh c A(x).

+ Bc 3: Ket luan
Nhan xet: Neu bac cua a thc P(x) ln hn hoac bang 3 ta thay ngay cach 1 to ra qua
cong kenh, v khi o ta can thc hien thu tuc lay tch phan tng phan nhieu hn ba lan.
Do o ta i ti nhan nh chung sau:
Neu bac cua P(x) nho hn hoac bang 2, ta la chon cach 1.
Neu bac cua P(x) ln hn 2, ta la chon cach 2.
V du 7: Tnh : I = xe3x dx.
Giai:
u = x
at:
3x
dv = e dx
du = dx
1 3x 1 3x
1 3x 1 3x
1 3x . Khi o: I = xe - e .dx = xe - e + C.
3
3
3
9
v = 3 e
V du 8: Tnh : I = (2x 3 + 5x 2 - 2x + 4)e2 x dx

Giai:
Ta co: I = (2x3 + 5x 2 - 2x + 4)e2 x dx = (ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d)e2x + C. (1)
(2x 3 + 5x 2 - 2x + 4)e2x = [2ax 3 + (3a + 2b)x 2 + (2b + 2c)x + c + 2d]e2 x
2a = 2
a = 1
3a + 2b = 5
b = 1
ong nhat ang thc ta c:

2b + 2c = -2
c = -2
c + 2d = 4
d = 3
Khi o: I = (x 3 + x 2 - 2x + 3)e2x + C.
Bai toan 5: Tnh I = x a .ln xdx, vi a R \ {-1}.

1
du
=
dx
u = ln x
x
at :

a
dv = x dx
v = 1 x a+1
a +1
x a+1
xa
x a+1
x a+1
Khi o: I =
ln x -
dx =
ln x + C.
a +1
a +1
a +1
(a + 1)2
Trang 28
(2)
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
V du 9: Tnh I = x 2 ln 2xdx.
u = ln 2x
at :
2
dv
=
x
dx
dx
du = x
x3
x3
x3
2
.
Khi
o
:
I
=
ln
2x
x
dx
=
ln
2x
+ C.
1
3
3
9
3
v = x
BAI TAP
a/ f(x) = ln x;
b/ f(x) = (x 2 + 1)e2x ;
c/ f(x) = x 2 sin x;
d/ f(x) = ex sin x; e/ f(x) = x.cos x;

S:
f/ f(x) = ex (1 + tgx + tg2 x).
a/ x ln x - x + C
b/
1
(2x 2 - x + 3)e2x + C;
4
c/ (2 - x)2 cos x + 2sin x + C;
d/
1 x
e (sin x - cos x) + C;
2
e/ 2 x (x - 6)sin x + 6(x - 2) cos x + C;
f/ ex tgx + C.

2
a/ f(x) = e ;
ln x
b/ f(x) =
;
x
d/ f(x) = e-2 x .cos3x;
e/ f(x) = sin(ln x); f/ f(x) = x 2 + K , (K 0);
S:
a/ 2( x - 1)e
c/ f(x) = (x + 1)2 cos2 x;
ln 2 x
b/ 2 ln x - 2x + C;
x
+ C;
(x + 1)3 (x + 1)2 sin 2x (x + 1) cos2x sin 2x

c/
+
+
+ C;
6
4
4
8
e-2 x
d/
(3sin 3x - 2 cos3x) + C;
13
f/
e/
x
[sin(ln x) + cos(ln x ] + C;
2
x 2
K
x + K + ln x + x 2 + K + C.
2
2

a/ f(x) = x 3 ln x
(HVQY_1999)
b/ f(x) = (x 2 + 2)sin 2x
(HP_2000)
c/ f(x) = x sin x (HMC_1998)

S:
a/
1 4
1
x ln x - x 4 + C;
4
16
1
x
1
b/ - (x2 + 2)cos2x + sin2x + cos2x + C;
2
2
4
c/ -2 x 3 cos x + 6x sin x + 12 x cos x - 12 sin x + C.
Trang 29
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 6: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM
BANG PHNG PHAP DUNG NGUYEN HAM PHU

Y tng chu ao cua phng phap xac nh nguyen ham cua f(x) bang ky thuat dung ham phu la
tm kiem mot ham g(x) sao cho nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x) g(x) de xac nh hn so vi
ham so f(x), t o suy ra nguyen ham F(x) cua ham so f(x).
+ Bc 1: Tm kiem ham so g(x).
+ Bc 2: Xac nh cac nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x) g(x), tc la:
F(x) + G(x) = A(x) + C1

(I)
F(x) - G(x) = B(x) + C2

1
+ Bc 3: T he (I), ta nhan c: F(x) = [A(x) + B(x)] + C
2
la ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x).
V du 1: Tm nguyen ham ham so: f(x) =
sin x
.
sin x - cos x
Giai:
cos x
sin x - cos x
Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:
sin x + cos x
f(x) + g(x) =
sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x
d(sin x - cos x)
F(x) + G(x) =
dx =
= ln sin x - cos x + C1.
sin x - cos x
sin x - cos x
sin x - cos x
f(x) - g(x) =
= 1 F(x) - G(x) = dx = x + C2 .
sin x - cos x
1
F(x) + G(x) = ln sin x - cos x + C1
Ta c:
F(x) = (ln sin x - cos x + x) + C.
2
F(x) - G(x) = x + C2
Chon ham so phu: g(x) =
cos4 x
V du 2: Tm nguyen ham ham so: f(x) =
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
Giai:
sin 4 x
Chon ham so phu: g(x) =
sin 4 x + cos4 x
sin 4 x + cs 4 x
f(x) + g(x) =
= 1 F(x) + G(x) = dx = x + C1
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
cos 4 x - sin 4 x
cos2 x - sin 2 x
cos 2x
f(x) - g(x) =
=
=
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
sin x + cos x (cos x + sin x) - 2 cos x.sin x 1 - 1 sin 2 2x
2
Trang 30
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
F(x) - G(x) =
2 cos2x
d(sin 2x)
1
sin 2x - 2
dx = - 2
=ln
+ C2
2 - sin 2x
sin 2x - 2
2 2 sin 2x + 2
F(x) + G(x) = x + C1
Ta c:
F(x) =
1
2 + sin 2x
=
+
F(x)
G(x)
ln
C
2
2 2
2 - sin 2x
1
1
2 + sin 2x
ln
x +
+ C.
2
2 2
2 - sin 2x
V du 3: Tm nguyen ham ham so: f(x) = 2sin 2 x.sin 2x.

Giai:
2
Chon ham so phu: g(x) = 2 cos x.sin 2x.

f(x) + g(x) = 2(sin 2 x + cos2 x).sin 2x = 2sin 2x F(x) + G(x) = 2 sin 2xdx = - cos2x + C1
f(x) - g(x) = 2(sin 2 x - cos2 x).sin 2x = -2 cos2x.sin 2x = - sin 4x
F(x) - G(x) = - sin 4xdx =
1
cos 4x + C2
4
F(x) + G(x) = - cos2x + C1

1
1
F(x) = - cos2x + cos 4x + C.

Ta c:
1
2
4
F(x) - G(x) = 4 cos 4x + +C2

ex
V du 2: Tm nguyen ham ham so: f(x) = x
.
e - e-x
Giai:
e- x
Chon ham so phu: g(x) = x
.
e - e- x
ex + e- x
f(x) + g(x) = x
e - e- x
ex + e- x
d(ex - e- x )
F(x) + G(x) = x
dx = x
= ln ex - e - x + C1
-x
-x
e -e
e -e
x
-x
e -e
f(x) - g(x) = x
= 1 F(x) - G(x) = dx = x + C2 .
e - e- x
F(x) + G(x) = ln ex - e- x + C1
1
Ta c:
F(x) = (ln e x - e- x + x) + C.
2
F(x) - G(x) = x + C2
BAI TAP
Bai 19. Tm nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/ f(x) =
S: a/
sin x
;
sin x + cos x
b/ f(x) = sin 2 x.cos 2x.
c/ f(x) =
ex
e x + e- x
1
1
1
1
(x - ln sin x + cos x + C; b/ (si n2x - si n4x - x) + C; c/ (x + ln ex + e- x ) + C.
2
4
4
2
Trang 31
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 7: NGUYEN HAM CAC HAM SO HU T

e xac nh nguyen ham so hu t ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong cac phng
phap c ban sau:
1. Phng phap tam thc bac hai
2. Phng phap phan tch
3. Phng phap oi bien
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan
5. S dung cac phng phap khac nhau.
1. PHNG PHAP TAM THC BAC HAI
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t da tren tam thc bac hai
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tren c s a tam thc bac hai ve dang chnh tac va dung cac cong thc sau:
xdx
1.
x2 a = 2 ln x
2.
x2 - a2 = 2a ln x + a + C, vi a 0
dx
a +C
(1)
x-a
(2)
xdx
x 4 - 2x2 - 2
Giai:
Ta co:
dx
xdx
1 d(x 2 - 1)
=
=
x 4 - 2x 2 - 2 (x 2 - 1)2 - 3 2 (x2 - 1)2 - 3
1 1
x2 - 1 - 3
1
x2 - 1 - 3
= .
ln
+C=
ln
+ C.
2 3 x2 - 1 + 3
4 3 x2 - 1 + 3
Chu y: Cung co the trnh bay bai toan tng minh hn bang viec oi bien so trc khi
ap dung cac cong thc (1), (2). Cu the:
Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang:
xdx
xdx
x4 - 2x2 - 2 = (x 2 - 1)2 - 3
at t = x 2 - 1
Suy ra: dt = 2xdx &
Khi o : I =
xdx
1 dt
= . 2
.
2
(x - 1) - 3 2 t - 3
2
1 dt
1 1
t- 3
1
x2 - 1 - 3
=
.
ln
+
C
=
ln
+ C.
2 t2 - 3 2 2 3 t + 3
4 3 x2 - 1 + 3
Trang 32
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
x 3dx
V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = 4
x - x2 - 2
Giai:
2 1 1
x - +
3
x dx
1
2 2 2 1
Ta co: I =
=
dx -
2
2
2
2 1 9 2 2 1 9
x
x
2 4
2 4
1
2 1 2 1
x - d x -
d x2 -
1
2
2 1
2
=
+
2
2
2
4 2 1 9
2 1 9
x - x - 2 4
2 4
1 3
1 1 2 1 9 1 1
2
2 +C
= . ln x - - + . ln
2 2
2 4 4 3 x2 - 1 + 3
2 2
x2 -
1
1 x2 - 2
ln x 4 - x 2 - 2 + ln 2
+ C.
4
2 x +1
2. PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH

Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap phan tch
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Can hieu rang thc chat no la mot dang cua phng phap he so bat nh, nhng ay e
P(x)
phan tch
ta s dung cac ong nhat thc quen thuoc.
Q(x)
x2
Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =
dx, vi a 0.
(ax + b)2
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
S dung ong nhat thc:

1
1
1
x 2 = 2 .a2 x 2 = 2 [(ax + b) - b]2 = 2 [(ax + b)2 - 2b(ax + b) + b2 ]
a
a
a
x2
1 (ax + b)2 - 2b(ax + b) + b 2
Ta c:
=
.
(ax + b)a a2
(ax + b)a
=
1
1
2b
b2
.
+
2
a-2
a-1
a
a (ax + b)
(ax + b)
(ax + b)
1
dx
2bdx
b 2dx
I = 2 .
+
a (ax + b)a-2 (ax + b)a-1 (ax + b)a
Khi o:
=
1 d(ax + b)
2bd(ax + b)
b 2 d(ax + b)
.
+
.
a3 (ax + b)a-2 (ax + b)a-1 (ax + b)a
Trang 33
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
x2
dx.
(1 - x)39
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc: x 2 = (1 - x)2 - 2(1 - x) + 1
x2
(1 - x)2 - 2(1 - x) + 1
1
2
1
Ta c:
=
=
+
.
39
39
37
37
(1 - x)
(1 - x)
(1 - x)
(1 - x)
(1 - x)39
Khi o: I =
=
dx
2dx
dx
-
+
37
38
(1 - x)
(1 - x)
(1 - x)39
1
2
1
+
+ C.
36(1 - x)36 37(1 - x)37 38(1 - x)38
Chu y: M rong t nhien cua phng phap giai tren ta i xet v du:
x3
dx.
(x - 1)10
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc (cong thc Taylo): x 3 = 1 + 3(x - 1) + 3(x - 1)2 + (x - 1)3 .
x3
1 + 3(x - 1) + 3(x - 1)2 + (x - 1)3
Ta c:
=
(x - 1)10
(x - 1)10
=
1
3
3
1
+
+
+
.
10
9
8
(x - 1)
(x - 1) (x - 1) (x - 1)7
1
3
3
1
Khi o: I =
+
+
+
dx
10
9
8
(x - 1) (x - 1) (x - 1)7
(x - 1)
1
3
3
1
=+ C.
9
8
7
9(x - 1) 8(x - 1) 7(x - 1) 6(x - 1)6
Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I n =
dx
, vi a 0 va n nguyen dng.
(ax + bx + c)n
2
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet cac trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Neu n = 1
Ta xet ba kha nang cua D = b 2 - 4ac
Kha nang 1: Neu D > 0
1
1
1
(x - x 2 ) - (x - x1 )
Khi o:
=
=
.
2
ax + bx + c a(x - x1 )(x - x 2 ) a(x1 - x 2 ) (x - x1 )(x - x 2 )
=
1
1
1
.
a(x1 - x 2 ) x - x1 x - x 2
Trang 34
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1
1
1
1
[ln x - x1 - ln x - x2 ] + C.
dx =
a(x1 - x2 ) x - x1 x - x2
a(x1 - x2
Do o: I1 =
1
x - x1
.ln
+ C.
a(x1 - x 2 )
x - x2
Kha nang 2: Neu D = 0

1
1
Khi o:
=
2
ax + bx + c a(x - x 0 )2
Do o: I =
1
dx
1
=+ C.
2
a (x - x0 )
a(x - x0 )
Kha nang 3: Neu D < 0

p p
Khi o thc hien phep oi bien x = tgt vi t - ; .
2 2
Trng hp 2: Neu n > 1

Bang phep oi bien t = x +
b
1
dt
, ta c: I n = n 2
2a
a (t + k)n
S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan vi phep at:

1
2ntdt
u = 2
du = - 2
n
(t + k)
(t + k)n +1
dv = dt
v = t
Khi o: I n =
=
1
an
1
an
t
t 2 dt 1
t
[(t 2 + k) - k]dt
2n
2n
+
=
+
2
n
(t 2 + k)n +1 an (t 2 + k)n
(t 2 + k)n +1
(t + k)
t
dt
dt
+ 2n 2
- k 2
2
n
n
n +1
(t + k)
(t + k)
(t + k)
t
n
(t 2 + k)n + 2n(I n - kI n+1 ) 2nkI n+1 = (t 2 + k)n + (2n - a )I n
t
2(n - 1(kI n = 2
+ (2n - 2 - a n -1 )I n +1
(1)
n -1
(t + k)
=
1
an
Chu y: V cong thc (1) khong c trnh bay trong pham vi sach giao khoa 12, do o cac
em hoc sinh khi lam bai thi khong c phep s dung no, hoac neu trong trng hp c
s dung th o la mot cong thc qua cong kenh rat kho co the nh c mot cach chnh
xac, do vay trong tng hp n > 1 tot nhat cac em nen trnh bay theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Xac nh I1.
Bc 2: Xac nh In theo In1 (chng minh lai (1)).
Bc 3: Bieu dien truy hoi In theo I1 ta c ket qua can tm.
V du 5: Cho ham so f(x) =
1
x - (m + 2)x + 2m
2
Trang 35
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Tnh tch phan bat nh I = f(x)dx biet:

a/ m = 1
b/ m = 2.
Giai:
dx
dx
dx
d(x - 2)
d(x - 1)
=
-
=
-
x - 3x + 2
x -2
x -1
x-2
x -1
x-2
= ln x - 2 - ln x - 1 + C = ln
+ C.
x -1
a/ Vi m = 1:
I = f(x)dx =
b/ Vi m = 2:
I = f(x)dx =
dx
1
=+ C.
2
(x - 2)
x-2
dx
(x + 4x + 3)3
2
Giai:
Xet tch phan J n =
Vi n = 1
dx
dx
1 1
1
1 x +1
=
=
+ C.
dx = ln
x + 4x + 3
(x + 1)(x + 3) 2 x + 1 x + 3
3 x +3
Vi n > 1
Bang phng phap tch phan tng phan vi phep at:
1
2ntdt
u = 2
du = - 2
n
(t - 1)
(t - 1)n +1
dv = dt
v = t
J1 =
dx
, ta lan lt co:
(x + 4x + 3)n
2
Khi o: J n =
=
t
t 2 dt
t
[(t 2 - 1) + 1]dt
+
2n
=
+
2n
(t 2 - 1)n+1 (t 2 - 1)n
(t 2 - 1)n+1
(t 2 - 1)n
dt
dt
t
+ 2n 2
+ 2
= 2
+ 2n(J n + J n +1 )
n
n
n +1
(t - 1)
(t - 1) (t - 1)n
(t - 1)
2
2nJn+1 = Jn = Do o:
t
t
- (2n - 1)Jn 2(n - 1)Jn = - 2
- (2n - 3)Jn-1
n
(t - 1)
(t - 1)n-1
2
=
+
2n
3)J
n
1
2(n - 1)n (t 2 - 1)n-1
1 t
J2 = - 2
+ J1
2 t -1
1
t
1 t
1 t

I = J3 = - 2
+
3J
=
+
3
+
J
2
4 (t - 1)2
4 (t 2 - 1)2

2 t -1
=-
x+2
3(x + 2)
3
x +1
+
+ ln
+ C.
2
2
4(x + 4x3+) 8(x + 4x + 3) 16 x + 3
2
Trang 36
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
(lx + m )dx
, vi a 0 va n nguyen dng.
(ax 2 + bx + c)n
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Phan tch: lx + m =
l
lb
(2ax + b) + m 2a
2a
Khi o: I n =
l
(2ax + b)dx
lb
dx
+ (m - )
2
n
2
2a (ax + bx + c)
2a (ax + bx + c)n
a/ Vi J n =
l
(2ax + b)dx
th:
2a ((ax 2 + bx + c)n
Neu n = 1, ta c:
J1 =
l (2ax + b)dx l
=
ln ax 2 + bx + c + C.
2
2a ax + bx + c 2a
Neu n > 1, ta c:
Jn =
l
(2ax + b)dx
l
1
=. 2
+ C.
2
n
2a (ax + bx + c)
2a(n - 1) (ax + bx + c)n-1
b/ Vi K n =
dx
, ta a biet cach xac nh trong dang 2.
(ax + bx + c)n
2
Tong quat hep: Trong pham vi pho thong chung thng gap tch phan bat nh sau:
I=
P(x)dx
, vi a 0 va bac cua P(x) ln hn 1.
ax 2 + bx + c

Bc 1: Thc hien phep chia a thc P(x) cho ax 2 + bx + c ta c:
P(x)
lx + m
= Q(x) + 2
2
ax + bx + c
ax + bx + c
l
2ax + b
lb
1
= Q(x) + . 2
+ (m - ). 2
2a ax + bx + c
2a ax + bx + c
l (2ax + b)dx
lb
dx
Bc 2: Khi o: I = Q(x)dx + 2
+ (m - ) 2
.
2a ax + bx + c
2a ax + bx + c
Chu y: Tuy nhien trong trng hp ax 2 + bx + c co D = b2 - 4ac > 0
(ta c hai nghiem x1, x2), chung ta thc hien phep phan tch:
lx + m
=
ax 2 + bx + c
1 A
B
+
.
a x - x1 x - x 2
(2x 3 - 10x 2 + 16x - 1)dx

x 2 - 5x + 6
Giai:
Trang 37
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
2x 3 - 10x 2 + 16x - 1
4x - 1
A
B
=
2x
+
=
2
+
+
x 2 - 5x + 6
x 2 - 5x + 6
x -3 x-2
Ta c hang ang thc: 4x - 1 = A(x - 2) + B(x - 3)
(1)
Bien oi:
e xac nh A, B trong (1) ta co the la chon mot hai cach sau:

Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so
Khai trien ve phai cua (1) va sap xep a thc theo th t bac lui dan, ta co:
4x - 1 = (A + B)x + 2A - 3B.
A + B = 4
A = 11

-2A - 3B = -1
B = -7
Cach 2: Phng phap tr so rieng:

A = 11
Lan lt thay x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he:
B = -7
2x 3 - 10x 2 + 16x - 1
11
7
= 2x +
T o suy ra:
.
2
x - 5x + 6
x -3 x -2
11
7
Do o: I = 2x +
dx = x 2 + 11ln x - 3 - 7 ln x - 2 + C.
x -3 x -2
Nhan xet: Trong v du tren viec xac nh cac he so A, B bang hai cach co o phc tap
gan giong nhau, tuy nhien vi bai toan can phan tch thanh nhieu nhan t th cach 2
thng to ra n gian hn.
(a1x 2 + b1x + c1 )dx

, vi a 0
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c)
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

2
Ta xet ba kha nang cua D = b 4ac

Kha nang 1: Neu D > 0, khi o: ax 2 + bx + c = a(x - x1 )(x - x 2 )
Khi o phan tch:
a1x 2 + b1x + c1
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
(x - a )(ax + bx + c) x - a x - x1 x - x 2
A
B
C
Do o: I =
+
+
dx = A ln x - a + Bln x - x1 + Cln x - x2 + C
x - a x - x1 x - x2
Kha nang 2: Neu D = 0, khi o: ax 2 + bx + c = a(x - x 0 )2 .

a1x 2 + b1x + c1
A
B
C
Khi o phan tch:
=
+
+
2
(x - a )(ax + bx + c) x - a x - x 0 (x - x 0 )2
A
B
C
C
Do o: I =
+
+
dx = A ln x - a + Bln x - x 0 + C.
2
x
a
x
x
x
x
(x
x
)
0
0
Kha nang 3: Neu D < 0
Trang 38
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Khi o phan tch:
a1x 2 + b1x + c1
A
B(2x + b)
C
=
+
+
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c) x - a ax 2 + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c
B(2ax + b
C
A
Do o: I =
+ 2
+ 2
dx
x - a ax + bx + c ax + bx + c
dx
= A ln x - a + Bln | ax 2 + bx + c | + C 2
ax + bx + c
dx
c xac nh bang phep oi bien x = tgt vi
Trong o tch phan J = 2
ax + bx + c
p p
t - ; .
2 2
Tong quat: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
P(x)dx
I=
, vi a 0 va bac cua P(x) ln hn 2.
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c)
Bc 1: Thc hien phep chia a thc P(x) cho (x - a)(ax 2 + bx + c) ta c:
P(x)
a1x 2 + b1x + c1
= Q(x) +
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c)
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c)
(a1x 2 + b1x + c1 )dx
Bc 2: Khi o: I = Q(x)dx +
(x - a )(ax 2 + bx + c)
(x 2 + 2x - 2)dx
x3 + 1
Giai:
x 2 + 2x - 2
x 2 + 2x - 2
A
B(2x - 1)
C
Bien oi:
=
=
+ 2
+ 2
3
2
x +1
(x + 1)(x - x + 1) x + 1 x - x + 1 x - x + 1
(A + 2B)x 2 - (A - B - C)x + A - B + C
=
x3 + 1
A + 2B = 1
A = -1
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: -A + B + C = 2 B = 1

A - B + C = -2
C = 0
x 2 + 2x - 2
1
2x - 1
Khi o:
=+ 2
3
x +1
x +1 x - x +1
2x - 1
x2 - x + 1
1
2
Do o: I = + 2
dx
=
ln
|
x
+
1|
+
ln
|
x
x
+
1|
+
C
=
ln
+C
x +1
x +1 x - x +1
dx
, vi a b
(x + a)2 (x + b)2
Trang 39
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

(x + a) - (x + b)
= 1,
a- b
1
1
(x + a) - (x + b)
=
=
(x + a)2 (x + b)2 (a - b)(x + a)(x + b)
(a - b)2
1
1
x + b x + a
1
(a - b)2
1
2
1
(x - b)2 - (x + a)(x + b) + (x + a)2
1 1
2 (x + a) - (x - b)
1
=
.
+
2
2
(a - b) (x + b) a - b (x + b)(x + a) (x + a)2
=
2 1
1
1
1 1
+
2
2
(a - b) (x + b) a - b x + b x + a (x + a)2
ta c:
1
1
2 1
1
1
+
(a - b)2 (x + b)2 a - b x + b x + a (x + a)2

1 1
2
1
=
(ln | x + b | - ln | x + a) | +C
2
(a - b) x + a a - b
x + a
I=
2
x+a
2x + a + b
a - b ln x + b - (x + b)(x + a) + C.
dx
(x + 3)2 (x + 1)2
=
1
(a - b)2
Giai:
(x + 3) - (x + 1)
= 1,
2
1
(x + 3) - (x + 1)
1 1
1
=
=
2
2
4 x + 1 x + 3
(x + 3) (x + 1)
2(x + 3)(x + 1)
1 1
2
1 1 1
(x + 3) - (x + 1)
1
=
+
=
+
2
2
2
4 (x + 1) (x + 1)(x + 3) (x + 3) 4 (x + 1)
(x + 1)(x + 3) (x + 3)2
=
1
dx
dx
dx
dx
-
+
+
2
4 (x + 1)
x +1
x+3
(x + 3)2
1 1
1
1 x+3
2x + 4
- ln | x + 1 | + ln | x + 3 | + C = ln
+ C.
4 x +1
x + 3
4 x + 1 (x + 1)(x + 3)
P(x)
Q(x) dx
Trang 40
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Gia s can xac nh: I =
P(x)
Q(x)
bang phng phap he so bat nh.
Bc 1: Phan tch Q(x) thanh cac a thc bat kha quy, gia s la:
Q(x) = A n (x).Bm (x).C k (x), vi n, m, k N.
trong o A(x), B(x), C(x) la a thc bac hai hoac bac nhat.
Bc 2: Khi o ta phan tch:

P(x)
E(x)
= D(x) + n
Q(x)
A (x).Bm (x).Ck (x)
a1i .A'(x)
ai2 m b1j .B'(x)
b2j k c1t .C'(x)
c2t
= D(x) + i
+ i + j
+
+
+
A (x) j=1 B (x) Bj (x) t =1 Ct (x) C j (x)

i=1 A (x)
n
Xac nh c cac he so a1i , ai2 , b1j , b 2j , c1t ,ct2 bang phng phap he so bat nh.
Bc 3: Xac nh:
n i
a .A'(x)
ai m bj .B'(x) b2j k c1t .C'(x)
ct
I = D(x)dx + 1 i
+ i 2 + 1 j
+ j + t
+ t2
A (x) j=1 B (x) B (x) t=1 C (x) C (x)
i=1 A (x)
x 3 - 3x 2 + x + 6
dx.
x - 5x 2 + 6x
Giai:
Ta co:
x 3 - 3x 2 + x + 6
2x 2 - 5x + 6
2x 2 - 5x + 6
a
b
c
=
1
+
=
1
+
= 1+ +
+
.
3
2
3
2
x - 5x + 6x
x - 5x + 6x
x(x - 2)(x - 3)
x x -2 x -3
Ta c hang ang thc: 2x 2 - 5x + 6 = a(x - 3)(x - 2) + bx(x - 3) + cx(x - 2)
e xac nh a, b, c trong (1) ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so

2x 2 - 5x + 6 = (a + b + c)x 2 - (5a + 3b + 2c)x + 6a
a + b + c = 2
a = 1
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: 5a + 3b + 2c = 5 b = -2

6a = 6
c = 3

a = 1
Lan lt thay x = 0, x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he: b = -2

c = 3
Trang 41
(1)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Khi o:
x 3 - 3x 2 + x + 6
1
2
3
=
1
+
+
x3 - 5x 2 + 6x
x x -2 x -3
2
3
1
Do o: I = 1 + +
dx = x + ln | x | -2 ln | x - 2 | +3ln | x + 3 | +C.
x x -2 x -3
7x - 4
dx.
x - 3x + 2
3
Giai:
7x - 4
7x - 4
a
b
c
=
=
+
+
2
2
x - 3x + 2 (x + 2)(x - 1)
(x - 1)
x -1 x + 2
Ta co:
(b + c)x 2 + (a + b - 2c)x + 2a - 2b + c
(x - 2)(x - 1)2
Ta c hang ang thc: 7x - 4 = a(x + 2) + b(x - 1)(x + 2) + c(x - 1)2
(1)
e xac nh a, b, c trong (1) ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so:

7x - 4 = (b + c)x 2 + (a + b - 2c)x + 2a - 2b + c.
b + c = 0
a = 1
b = 2
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: a + b - 2c = 7
2a - 2b + c = -4
c = -2

a = 1
Lan lt thay x = 0, x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he: b = 2

c = -2
Khi o:
7x - 4
1
2
2
=
+
.
2
x - 3x + 2 (x - 1)
x -1 x + 2
3
1
2
2
1
Do o: I =
+
dx = + 2 ln | x + 1 | -2 ln + | x + 2 | +C.
2
x -1 x + 2
x -1
(x - 1)
x 3 - x 2 - 4x - 1
x 4 + x3
Giai:
Ta co:
x - x - 4x - 1 x - x - 4x - 1 a
b c
d
=
= 3+ 2+ +
4
3
3
x -x
x (x + 1)
x
x
x x +1
=
(c + d)x 3 + (b - c)x 2 + (a + b)x + a

x 3 (x + 1)
Trang 42
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
c + d = 1
a = -1
b + c = -1
b = -3

a + b = -4
c = 2
a = -1
d = -1
x 3 - x 2 - 4x - 1
1
3 2
1
Khi o:
=- 3 - 2 + .
4
3
x +x
x x
x x +1
3 2
1
1
3
1
Do o: I = - 3 - 2 + dx = 2 + + 2 ln | x | - ln | x + 1 | + C.
x x +1
2x
x
x x
3. PHNG PHAP OI BIEN
Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Neu tch phan can xac nh co dang: I =
x k -1.P(x k )dx
Q(x k ) .
Bc 1: at t = xk, suy ra : dt = kx k -1dx,

Khi o: I =
1 P1 (t)dt
k Q1 (t)
(1)
Trong o P1(x), Q1(x) la a thc co bac nho hn P(x) va (Q(x).
Bc 2: Tnh tch phan trong (1)
Chu y:
Ta nhan thay s m rong t nhien vi dang: I =
j '(x).P[j(x)]dx
Q[j(x)]
trong o j(x) la mot a thc bac k cua x.

Khi o at t = j(x).
x 3dx
.
(x - 4)2
Giai:
at t = x4
x 3dx
1
dt
Suy ra: dt = 4x dx & 8
= . 2
2
(x - 4)
4 (t - 4)2
3
Khi o: I =
1
dt
2
4 (t - 4)2
S dung ong nhat thc: 1 =
1
[(t + 2) - (t - 2)]2
16
1 [(t + 2) - (t - 2)]2
1 1
2
1
Ta c: I =
dt =
- 2
+
dt
2
2
2
64
64 (t - 2)
(t - 4)
t - 4 (t + 2)2
Trang 43
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1 1
1 t-2
1
- ln
+C
64 t - 2 2 t + 2 t + 2
1 2t
1 t-2
=- 2
- ln
64 t - 4 2 t + 2
1 2x 4
1 x4 - 2
+ C = - 64 x 8 - 4 - 2 ln x 4 + 2
+ C
(2x + 1)dx
x 4 + 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x - 3
Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang: I =
(2x + 1)dx
(x + x + 1)2 - 4
2
at t = x 2 + x + 1 . Suy ra: dt = (2x + 1)dx &
(2x + 1)dx
dt
= 2
.
2
(x + x + 1) - 4 t - 4
2
dt
t -2
x2 + x - 1
Khi o: I = 2
= ln
+ C = ln 2
+ C.
t+2
t -4
x + x +3
1
at t = x + .
x
x2 - 1
x 4 + 1dx.
Giai:
1
1
1- 2
1- 2
x dx =
1 x2 dx.
1
2
+x
x + -2
x2
x
Suy ra: dt = 1 - 2
x
x 2 = dt
dx &
2
t2 - 2
x+
x
1-
1
- 2
dt
1
t-2
1
x
Khi o: I = 2
=
ln
+C =
ln
+C
1
t -2 2 2 t+ 2
2 2
x+ + 1
x
x+
x2 - x 2 + 1
=
ln
+ C.
2 2 x2 + x 2 + 1
1
4. S DUNG PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Phng phap nay cho du t c s dung oi vi cac ham so hu t, tuy nhien trong
nhng trng hp rieng no lai to ra kha hieu qua.
Bai toan 4: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap tch phan tng
phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Trang 44
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Neu tch phan can xac nh co dang: I =
P(x)Q '(x)dx
Q n (x)
u = P(x)
du
Bc 1: at
Q '(x)dx
v
dv = Q n (x)
Bc 2: Khi o: I = uv - vdu.
x 4dx
(x 2 - 1)3
Giai:
x 3 .xdx
(x 2 - 1)3
u = x3
du = 3x 2 dx
at :
xdx
1
dv = (x 2 - 1)3
v = 4(x 2 - 1)3
Khi o: I =
x3
3
x 2 dx
+
4(x 2 - 1)3 4 (x 2 - 1)2
(1)
Xet tch phan:

x 2dx
1 [(x + 1) + (x - 1)]2 dx 1 1
2
1
J= 2
dx
=
=
+ 2
+
2
2
2
2
4
4 (x - 2)
(x - 1)
(x - 1)
x - 1 (x + 1)2
1
1
x -1
1
1 x -1
2x
(2)
= + ln
+ C = ln
- 2
+C
4 x -1
x +1 x +1
4 x + 1 x - 1
x3
3 x -1
2x
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c: I = + ln
- 2
+ C.
2
3
4(x - 1) 16 x + 1 x - 1
Chu y: e xac nh tch phan J chung ta cung co the tiep tuc s dung tch phan tng phan
nh sau:
u = x
du = dx
at:
xdx
1
dv
=
v
=
(x 2 - 1)2
2(x 2 - 1)
Khi o: J = -
x
2
2(x - 1)
1 dx
x
1 x -1
=+ ln
.
2
2
2 x -1
2(x - 1) 4 x + 1
5. S DUNG CAC PHNG PHAP KHAC NHAU
Trong phan nay chung ta se i xem xet mot vai bai toan c giai bang cac phng
phap khac nhau va muc ch quan trong nhat la can hoc c phng phap suy luan
qua moi v du.
Trang 45
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
x2 - 3
dx.
x(x 4 + 3x 2 + 2)
Giai:
at t = x 2 . Suy ra: dt = 2xdx & x 3 (2 - 3x 2 )8 dx =
Khi o: I =
t -3
dt.
t(t + 1)(t + 2)
t -3
t(t - 1)(t + 2) dt
t -3
a
b
c
(a + b + c)t 2 + (2a + 2b + c)t + 2a
Ta co:
= +
+
=
t(t + 1)(t - 2) t t + 1 t + 2
t(t + 1)(t + 2)
a + b + c = 0
a = -3/ 2
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: 3a + 2b + c = 1 b = 4

2a = -3
c = -5 / 2
t -3
31
4
5 1
Khi o:
=+
t(t + 1)(t + 2)
2 t t +1 2 t + 2
4
5 1
3
5
31
Do o: I = +
dt = - ln t + 4 ln | t + 1 | - ln | t + 2 | + C
2
2
2 t t +1 2 t + 2
3
5
= - ln(x 2 ) + 4 ln(x 2 + 1) - ln(x 2 + 2) + C.
2
2
dx
t(x6 + 1)2 .
Giai:
at t = x 3 .
Khi o: I =
Suy ra: dt = 3x 2 dx &
dx
1
dt
= . 2
6
2
x(x + 1)
3 t(t + 1)2
1
dt
2
3 t(t + 1)2
1
a
bt
ct
(a + b)t 4 + (2a + b + c)t 2 + a
Ta co: 2
= +
+
=
t(t + 1)2 t t 2 + 1 (t 2 + 1)2
t(t 2 + 1)2
a + b = 0
ong nhat, ta c: 2a + b + c = 0
a = 1
a = 1
b = -1
c = -1
dt
1
t
t
= - 2
- 2
.
2
t(t + 1)
t t + 1 (t + 1)2
2
1
t
t
1
1 1
- 2
dt = ln | t | - ln | t 2 + 1 | + . 2
+C
Do o: I = - 2
2
2
2 t +1
t t + 1 (t + 1)
1
t2
1
1
x6
1
= (ln 2
+ 2 ) + C = (ln 6
+ 6 ) + C.
2
t +1 t +1
2
x +1 x +1
Trang 46
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1 - x4
dx.
x(1 + x 4 )
Giai:
at t = x 4 . Suy ra: dt = 4x 3dx &
Khi o: I =
Ta co:
1 - x4
1 1- t
= .
4
x(1 + x ) 4 t(1 + t)
1 1- t
dt
4 t(1 + t)
1- t
a
b
(a + b)t + a
= +
=
t(1 + t) t t + 1
t(t 2 + 1)2
a + b = -1
a = 1
1- t
1
2
= t(1 + t) t t + 1
a = 1
b = -2
2
|t|
x4
1
Do o: I = dt
=
ln
|
t
|
2
ln
|
t
+
1
|
+
C
=
ln
+
C
=
ln
+ C.
(t + 1)2
(x 4 + 1)2
t t +1
(x 3 - 1)dx
x(x3 - 4)(x 4 - 4x + 1) .
Giai:
(x 3 - 1)dx
(x 4 - 4x)(x 4 - 4x + 1)
S dung ong nhat thc: 1 = (x 4 - 4x + 1)( -(x 4 - 4x)

[(x 4 - 4x + 1) - (x 4 - 4x)](x 3 - 1)dx
(x 3 - 1)dx
(x 3 - 1)dx
Ta c: I =
= 4
- 4
(x 4 - 4x)(x 4 - 4x + 1)
x - 4x
x - 4x + 1
1
1
x 4 - 4x
= (ln | x 4 - 4x | - l n | x 4 - 4x + 1 |) + C = ln 4
+ C.
4
4 x - 4x + 1
x2 - 1
dx.
x + 2x 3 - x 2 + 2x + 1
Giai:
Chia ca t va mau cua bieu thc di dau tch phan cho x 2 0, ta c:
1
1
dx +
d x + + 1
x
x
I=
dx =
=
2
2
2 1
1
1
1
x 2 + 2x - 1 + + 2
x + + 2x + - 3
x + + 1 - 4
x x
x
x
x
1-
1
x2
1
1 x + x +1- 2
1
x2 - x + 1
= ln
+ C = ln 2
+ C.
4 x + 1 +1+ 2
4 x + 3x + 1
x
Trang 47
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
BAI TAP
Bai 20. Tnh tch phan sau:
dx
a/ 2
;
4x + 8x + 3
1 2x + 1
ln
+ C;
S: a/
4 2x + 3
dx
;
- 7x + 10
1 x-5
b/ ln
+ C;
3 x-2
b/
Bai 21. Tnh cac tch phan sau:

2x - 7
5x - 7
a/ 2
dx; b/ 2
dx;
x - 3x + 2
x - 3x + 2
S:
dx
.
- 2x - 1
1 3x + 3
c/ ln
+ C.
4 3x + 1
c/
a/
5ln x - 1 - 3ln x - 2 + C; b/
c/
3ln x + 2 - ln x + 3 + C;
d/
3x
c/
2x + 7
dx;
x + 5x + 6
2
2x + 5
dx;
9x - 6x + 1
9 x -1
5ln x + 1 - ln
+ C;
2 x +1
d/
2
17 1
ln 3x - 1 - .
+ C.
9
9 3x - 1

dx
xdx
2x 2 + 41x - 91
a/
;
; b/
dx; c/ 3
2
6x - 7x 2 - 3x
(x + 1)(2x + 1)
(x - 1)(x - x - 12)
x3 - 1
d/ 3
dx;
4x - x
S:
(x 3 - 3x + 2)dx
e/
;
x(x 2 + 2x + 1)
1
1
a/ ln x + 1 - ln x + + C;
2
2
(x + 2)2 dx
f/
.
x(x 2 - 2x + 1)
b/ 4 ln x - 1 + 5 ln x - 4 + 7 ln x + 3 + C;
1
2
3 3
1
c/ - ln x + ln x - + ln x + + C;
3
33
2 11
3
d/
1
7
1 9
1
x + ln x - ln x - - ln x + + C;
4
16
2 16
2
e/ x + 2 ln x 4 ln x + 1 -
4
+ C;
x +1
f/ 4 ln x - 2 ln x - 1 -
9
+ C.
x -1

xdx
xdx
x 7dx
a/ 4
; b/ 4
; d/
; c/ 4
2
2
x - 3x + 2
x - 2x 2 - 1
(x + 1)
f/
x 5dx
x2 - 1
dx
;
g/
h/
;
x(x10 + 1)2 x 4 + 1 dx;
x6 - x3 - 2
S:
a/
c/
1 x2 - 2
ln
+ C;
2 x2 - 1
1
4 2
ln
b/
x 2 - (1 + 2)
+ C; d/
x 2 - (1 - 2)
Trang 48
x 5dx
2dx
x6 - x3 - 2 ; e/ x(x 2 + 1) ;
i/
x3
x 2dx
k/
dx;
(1 - x)10 .
(x 2 + 1)2
1
1
4
ln x - 1 + 4
+ C;
4
x +1
1
1 x3 - 2
ln x6 - x3 - 2 + ln 3
+ C;
6
18 x + 1
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
x2
+ C;
x2 + 1
f/
1
x2
ln 2
+ C;
8 x +4
e/
ln
g/
1 x10
9
ln 10
+ C; h/
+ 10
9 x +1 x +1
x+ - 2
1
x
ln
+ C;
2 2 x + 1 + 2
x
i/
1
1
2
ln(x
+
1)
+
+ C; k/
2
2
x + 1
1
1
1
+ C.
7
8
7(x - 1) 4(x - 1) 9(x - 1)9
2x 2 + 2x + 5
x 2 - 3x + 2
m
n
p
a/ Tm m, n, p e f(x) =
+
+
2
(x - 1)
x -1 x + 2
Bai 24. Cho ham so f(x) =
b/ Tm ho nguyen ham cua f(x)

S: a/ m = 3;n = 1; p = 1.
(HTM_1994)
3
ln (x - 1)(x + 2) + C.
x -1
b/

a/ f(x) =
S: a/
x4 - 2
;
x3 - x
1 x2 - 1
ln
+ C.
2
x2
b/
1 2
1
x + 2 ln x - ln x 2 - 1 + C;
2
2
b/
(HTM_1994)
1 x2 - 1
ln
+ C.
2
x2
3x 2 + 3x + 3
.
Bai 26. Cho ham so y = 3
x - 3x + 2
a
b
c
+
+
.
2
(x - 1) x - 1 x - 2
a/ Xac nh cac hang so a, b, c e y =

b/ Tm ho nguyen ham cua y
S: a/ a = 3; b = 2; c = 1. b/
(HQGHa Noi_1995)
-
3
+ 2 ln x - 1 + ln x + 2 + C.
x -1
Bai 27. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so:

a/ f(x) =
x 2001
(1 + x 2 )1002
c/ f(x) =
x2 - 1
(x 2 + 5x + 1)(x 2 - 3x + 1)
b/ f(x) =
1999
x(x
1001
1 x2
S: a/
2002 1 + x 2
c/
+ C;
1 x 2 - 3x + 1
ln
+ C.
8 x 2 - 5x + 1
Trang 49
b/
1
+ 2000)
1
x1999
ln 1999
+ C;
1999 - 2000 x + 2000
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 8:
NGUYEN HAM CAC HAM LNG GIAC
e xac nh nguyen ham cac ham lng giac ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong cac
phng phap c ban sau:
1. S dung cac dang nguyen ham c ban.
2. S dung cac phep bien oi lng giac a ve cac nguyen ham c ban.
3. Phng phap oi bien.
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
1. S DUNG CAC DANG NGUYEN HAM C BAN
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham lng giac bang viec s dung cac dang
nguyen ham c ban.
dx
sin(x + a)sin(x + b)
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Bc 1: S dung ong nhat thc:
sin(a - b) sin[(x + a) - (x + b)
1=
=
sin(a - b)
sin(a - b)
Bc 2: Ta c:
dx
1
sin[(x + a) - (x - b)]
I=
dx =
dx
sin(a - b) sin(x + a)sin(x + b)
1
sin(x + a).cos(x + b) - cos(x + a).sin(x + b)
=
dx
sin(a - b)
=
1
cos(x + b)
cos(x + a)
dx -
dx
sin(a - b) sin(x + b)
sin(x + a)
1
[ln | sin(x + b)} - ln | sin(x + a) |] + C
sin(a - b)
1
sin(x + b)
ln
+ C.
sin(a - b) sin(x + a)
Chu y: Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac dang tch phan sau:
dx
sin(a - b)
1. I =
, s dung ong nhat thc 1 =
.
cos(x + a) cos(x + b)
sin(a - b)
2. I =
dx
cos(a - b)
, s dung ong nhat thc 1 =
.
sin(x + a) cos(x + b)
cos(a - b)
Trang 50
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
V du 1: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) =
1
.
p
sin x.cos x +
4
Giai:
Cach 1: S dung phng phap trong dang toan c ban
p cos x + p - x
cos
4
=
= 2 cos x + - x .
p
4
2
cos
4
2
p
p
p
cos x + - x
cos x + cosx + sin x + sin x
4
4
4
Ta c: F(x) = 2
dx = 2
p
p
sin x.cos x +
sin x.cos x +
4
4
sin x +
cos x
4
= 2
dx +
dx
p
sin
x
cos x +
= 2 ln | sin x | - ln cos x + + C = 2 ln
4
sin x
+C
p
cos x +
4
Cach 2: Da tren ac thu cua ham f(x)

dx
dx
Ta co: F(x) = 2
= 2 2
sin x.(cos x - sin x)
sin x(cot gx - 1)
= - 2
d(cot gx)
d(cot gx - 1)
= - 2
= - 2 ln cot gx - 1 + C.
cot gx - 1
cot gx - 1
dx
sin x + sin a
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

dx
1
dx
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang: I =
=
(1)
sin x + sin a 2 sin x + a .cos x - a
2
2
Bc 2: Ap dung bai toan 1 e giai (1).
dx
1. I =
, vi | m | 1
sin x + m
dx
dx
2. I =
va I =
, vi | m | 1 .
cos x + cos a
cos x + m
Trang 51
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1
.
2 sin x + 1
Giai:
Bien oi f(x) ve dang:
1
1
1
1
1
f(x) =
= .
= .
6x + p
6x - p
p 4
1 2
sin x + sin
sin
.cos
2 sin x +
6
12
12
(1)
p
6x + p 6x - p
cos
= 2 cos 6x + p - 6x - p
12
12
6
=
12
12
3
3
cos
6
2
cos
3x + p 6x - p
cos
12
12
Ta c: F(x) =
2 3 sin 6 + p .cos 6x - p
12
12
6x + p
6x - p
6x + p
6x - p
1 cos 12 .cos 12 + sin 12 .sin 12
=
6x + p
6x - p
2 3
sin
.cos
12
12
6x + p
6x - p
cos
sin
1
12 dx +
12 dx
=
6x - p
2 3 sin 6x + p
cos
12
12
1
6x + p
1
6x + p
6x + p
1
12 + C.
=
ln
ln sin 12 - ln cos 12 + C =
6x
2 3
3 cos - p
12
sin
Dang 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = tgx.tg(x + a)dx.

PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang:
sin x.sin(x + a )
I = tgx.tg(x + a )dx =
dx
cos x.cos(x + a )
cos x.cos(x + a) + sin x.sin(x + a )
=
- 1 dx
cos x.cos(x + a )
cos adx
dx
=
- dx = cos a
-x
cos x.cos(x + a)
cos x.cos(x + a )
(1)
Bc 2: Ap dung bai toan 1 e giai (1).

Trang 52
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1. I = tg(x + a ).cot g(x + b)dx.

2. I = cot g(x + a ).cot g(x + b)dx.
p
V du 3: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) = tgx.tg x + .
4
Giai:
p
p
p
sin x.sin x + cos x.cos x + + sin x.sin x +
4 =
4 -1
Bien oi f(x) ve dang: f(x) =
p
p
cos x.cos x +
cos x.cos x +
4
4
p
cos
2
1
4
=
-1 =
.
- 1.
p
p
2
cos x.cos x +
cos x.cos x +
4
2
dx
2
dx
- dx = -x +
Khi o: F(x) =
(1)
p
p
2
cos x.cos x +
cos x.cos x +
4
4
dx
e i xac nh : J =
ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
p
cos x.cos x +
4
Cach 1: S dung phng phap trong dang toan c ban.
p sin x + p - x
sin
p
4
4
=
= 2 sin x + - x
p
4
2
sin
4
2
Ta c:
p
p
p
sin x + - x
sin x + cos x - cos x + sin x
4
4
J = 2
dx = 2
dx
p
p
cos x.cos x +
cos x.cos x +
sin x + 4
sin x
p
= 2
dx -
dx = 2 - ln cos x x + + ln cos x + C
cos x
cos x + p
4
cos x
= 2 ln
+ C = - 2 ln 1 - tgx + C.
p
cos x +
4
Cach 2: Da tren ac thu cua ham di dau tch phan
dx
dx
Ta co: J = 2
= 2
2
cos x.(cos x - sin x)
cos x(1 - tgx)
Trang 53
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
d(tgx)
d(1 - tgx)
= - 2
= - 2 ln 1 - tgx + C
1 - tgx
1 - tgx
Vay ta c: F(x) = -x - ln 1 - tgx + C.
= 2
dx
asin x + b cos x
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta co the la chon hai cach bien oi:
Cach 1: Ta co:
1
dx
1
dx
=
I=
a2 + b2 sin(x + a )
a2 + b 2 2 sin x + a cos x + a
2
2
x+a
d tg
1
dx
1
2
=
=
x+a
a2 + b 2 2tg x + a cos2 x + a
a2 + b 2
tg
2
2
2
1
x+a
ln tg
=
+ C.
2
a2 + b 2
Cach 2: Ta co:
1
dx
1
sin(x + a)dx
I=
=
2
2 sin(x + a )
2
2 sin 2 (x + a)
a +b
a +b
1
d[cos(x + a )]
1
cos(x + a ) - 1
==ln
+ C.
2
2 cos 2 (x + a ) - 1
2
2
cos(x + a ) + 1
a +b
2 a +b
Chu y: Chung ta cung co the thc hien bang phng phap ai so hoa vi viec oi bien:
x
t = tg .
2
2
.
3 sin x + cos x
Giai:
2dx
dx
dx
Ta co: F(x) =
=
=
p
x p
x p
3 sin x + cos x
sin x +
2sin + cos +
6
2 12
2 12
x p
d tg +
dx
x p
2 12
=
=
= ln tg +
+ C.
x p 2x p
x p
2 12
2tg + cos +
tg +
2 12
2 12
2 12
a1 sin x + b1 cos x
dx.
a2 sin x + b2 cos x
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Trang 54
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Bc 1: Bien oi : a1 sin x + b1 cos x = A(a2 sin x + b2 cos x) + B(a2 cos x - b 2 sin x)
Bc 2: Khi o:
A(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x) + B(a2 cos x - b2 sin x)
I=
dx
a2 sin x + b 2 cos x
= A dx + B
a2 cos x - b2 sin x
dx = Ax + Bln a2 sin x + b 2 cos x + C
4 sin x + 3cos x
.
sin x + 2 cos x
Giai:
Bien oi: 4sin x + 3cos x = a(sin x + 2 cos x) + b(cos x - 2sin x)
= (a - 2b)sin x + (2a + b) cos x
a - 2b = 4
a = 2

2a + b = 3
b = -1
Khi o: f(x) =
2(sin x + 2 cos x) - (cos x - 2sin x)

cos x - 2sin x
=2.
sin x + 2 cos x
sin x + 2 cos x
cos x - 2sin x
d(sin x + 2 cos x)
Do o: F(x) = 2 dx = 2 dx sin x + 2 cos x

sin x + 2 cos x
= 2x - ln sin x + 2 cos x + C
a1 sin x + b1 cos x
dx
(a2 sin x + b2 cos x)2
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Bc 1: Bien oi : a1 sin x + b1 cos x = A(a2 sin x + b2 cos x) + B(a2 cosx - b2 sin x)
Bc 2: Khi o:
I=
A(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x) + B(a2 cos x - b2 sin x)

dx
(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x)2
dx
a cos x - b2 sin x
+ B 2
dx
(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x)2
= A
=
dx
a2 + b2 sin(x + a ) a
2
A
a22 + b22
ln | tg
Trong o sin a =
B
2 sin x + b2 cos x
x+a
B
|+C
2
b2
a22 + b 22
va cos a =
a2
a22 + b 22
Trang 55
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
8cos x
.
2 + 3 sin 2x - cos2x
Giai:
Bien oi: f(x) =
8cos x
8cos x
=
2
3sin x + 2 3 sin x cos x + cos x ( 3 sin x + cos x)2
2
Gia s: 8cosx = a( 3sinx + cosx) + b( 3 cosx - sinx) = (a 3 - b)sinx + (a + b 3)cosx

a 3 - b = 0
a = 2
b = 2 3
a + b 3 =
Khi o: f(x) =
Do o: F(x) =
=
2
2 3( 3 cos x - sin x)
3 sin x + csx
( 3 sin x + cos x)
2dx
d( 3 sin x + cos x)
- 2 3
3 sin x + cos x
( 3 sin x + cos x)2
1
2 3
x p
ln tg + + C.
2
2 12
3 sin x + cos x
Chu y: Trong li giai tren ta a tan dung ket qua trong v du 4 la:
2dx
1
x p
= ln tg + + C
2 12
3 sin x + cos x 2
dx
asin x + b cos x + c
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Ta xet 3 kha nang sau:
1. Neu c = a2 + b2
Ta thc hien phep bien oi:
1
1
1
1
=
= .
asin x + b cos x + c c[1 + cos(x - a)] 2c cos2 x - a
2
trong o sin a =
a
a2 + b 2
va cos a =
b
a2 + b 2
x -a
d
1 x -a
1
dx
1
Khi o: I =
= 2 = tg
+ C.
2c cos2 x - a c cos2 x - a 2
2
2
2
2. Neu c = - a2 + b 2
Ta thc hien phep bien oi:
Trang 56
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1
1
1
1
=
= .
asin x + b cos x + c c[1 - cos(x - a )] 2c sin 2 x - a
2
trong o sin a =
a
a2 + b 2
va cos a =
b
a2 + b 2
x -a
d
1
dx
1 2 1
x-a
Khi o: I =
=
= cot g
+ C.
2c sin 2 x - a c sin 2 x - a c
2
2
2
3. Neu c2 a2 + b 2
x
Ta thc hien phep oi bien t = tg .
2
Khi o: dx =
2dt
2t
1 - t2
,
sin
x
=
&
cos
x
=
.
1 + t2
1 + t2
1 + t2
V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh I =
2dx
.
2sin x - cos x + 1
Giai:
x
1
1
1
x
1
2dt
at: t = tg , ta c: dt = .
dx = 1 + tg2 dx = (1 + t 2 )dx dx =
2
2 cos2 x
2
2
2
1 + t2
2
4dt
x
tg
-1
2
2dt
d(t + 1)
t -1
1
+
t
2
Khi o: I =
= 2
= 2
= ln
+ C = ln
+C
x
t +1
4t
1 - t2
t + 2t
(t + 1)2 - 1
tg + 1
+1
2
1 + t2 1 + t2
x p
= ln tg - + C.
2 4
a1 sin x + b1 cos x + c1
dx.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

Bc 1: Bien oi:
a1 sin x + b1 cos x + c1 = A(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c2 ) + B(a2 cos x - b 2 sin x) + C
Bc 2: Khi o:
A(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c2 ) + B(a2 cos x - b2 sin x) + C
I=
= A dx + B
a2 cos x - b2 sin x
dx
dx + C
a2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c2
Trang 57
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
= Ax + Bln a2 sin x + b2 cos x + c2 + C

trong o
dx
a2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c2
dx
c xac nh nh dang 4.
2 sin x + b 2 cos x + c2
5sin x
..
2 sin x - cos x + 1
Giai:
Gia s: 5sinx = a(2sinx cosx + 1) + b(2cosx + sinx) + c
= (2a + b)sinx + (2b a)cosx + a + c.
2a + b = 5
a = 2
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: 2b - a = 0 b = 1

a + c = 0
c = -2
2(2sin x - cos x + 1) + (2 cos x + sin x) - 2

Khi o: f(x) =
2 sin x - cos x + 1
2 cos x + sin x
2
=2+
2sin x - cos x + 1 2sin x - cos x + 1
2 cos x + sin x
2
Do o: F(x) = 2dx +
dx -
dx
2sin x - cos x + 1
2sin x - cos x + 1
d(2 sin x - cos x + 1)
2dx
= 2 dx +
-
2 sin x - cos x + 1
2sin x - cos x + 1
x p
= 2x + ln | 2sin x - cos x + 1 | - ln tg - + C.
2 2
2dx
2sin x - cos x + 1 = ln tg 2 - 4 + C.
a1 sin 2 x + b1 sin x cos x + c1 cos2 x
dx.
a2 sin x + b2 cos x
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bc 1: Bien oi: a1 sin 2 x + b1 sin x.cos x + c1 cos2 x

= (A sin x + Bcos x)(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x) + C(sin 2 x + cos2 x)
Bc 2: Khi o:
(A sin x + Bcos x)(a2 sin x + b 2 cos x) + C
I=
dx
= (Asinx + Bcos x)dx + C
dx
Trang 58
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
= - A cos x + Bsin x +
dx
a2 + b2 sin(x + a)
2
= - A cos x + Bsin x +
trong o sin a =
b2
2
2
a +b
2
2
C
a22 + b22
ln | tg
x+a
| +C
1
a2
va cos a =
2
2
a + b 22
4sin 2 x + 1
.
3 sin x + cos x
Giai:
Gia s: 4sin2 x + 1 = 5sin2 x + cos2 x = (asinx + bcosx)( 3sinx + cosx) + c(sin2 x + cos2 x)
= (a 3 + c)sin 2 x + (a + b 3)sin x.cos x + (b + c) cos2 x.
a 3 + c = 5
a = 3
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: a + b 3 = 0 b = -1
c = 2
b + c = 1
Do o: F(x) = ( 3 sin x - cos x)dx -
2dx
3 sin x + cos x
1
x p
= - 3 cos x - sin x - ln tg + + C.
2
2 12
2dx
1
x p
= ln tg + + C.
2 12
3 sin x + cos x 2
dx
.
asin x + b sin x cos x + ccos2 x
2
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

dx
(atg x + btgx + c) cos2 x
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang: I =
Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien: t = tgx

1
dx
dt
Suy ra: dt =
dx &
= 2
2
2
2
cos x
(atg x + btgx + c) cos x at + bt + c
Khi o: I =
dt
.
at 2 + bt + c
dx
3sin x - 2sin x cos x - cos2 x
2
Trang 59
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Giai:
S dung ang thc:
Ta co:
dx
= d(tgx)
cos2 x
d tgx -
dx
1
d(tgx)
1
3
I=
=
=
2
2
2
2
(3tg x - 2tgx - 1) cos x 3
1 4 3
1 4
tgx - tgx - 3 9
3 9
1 2
tgx - 1
3 3 + C = 1 ln tgx - 1 + C = 1 ln sin x - cos x + C.
= ln
4 tgx - 1 + 2
4 3tgx + 1
4 3sin x + cos x
3 3
2. S DUNG CAC PHEP BIEN OI LNG GIAC A VE CAC NGUYEN HAM C

BAN
Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham lng giac s dung cac phep bien oi
lng giac
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
S dung cac phep bien oi lng giac a bieu thc di dau tch phan ve dang quen
thuoc. Cac phep bien oi thng dung bao gom:
Phep bien oi tch thanh tong (chung ta a thay trong phng phap phan tch)
Ha bac
Cac ky thuat bien oi khac.
Chung ta se lan lt xem xet cac v du mau.

2.1. S dung phep bien oi tch thanh tong:
ay chung ta nh lai cac cong thc sau:
1
a/ cosx.cosy = [cos(x + y) + cos(x - y)]
c/
2
1
b/ sinx.siny = [cos(x - y) - cos(x + y)]
d/
2
1
sinx.cosy = [sin(x + y) + sin(x - y)]
2
1
cosx.siny = [sin(x + y) - sin(x - y)]
2
V du 11: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) = cos3x.cos5x.
(HAN97)
Giai:
1
S dung cac phep bien oi tch thanh tong, ta c: f(x) = (cos8x + cos2x)
2
1
11
1
Khi o: F(x) = (cos8x + cos2x)dx = sin 8x + sin 2x + C.

2
28
2
Chu y: Neu ham f(x) la tch cua nhieu hn 2 ham so lng giac ta thc hien phep bien
oi dan, cu the ta i xem xet v du sau:
Trang 60
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
p
p
V du 12: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) = tgxtg - x tg + x

3
3
Giai:
p
sin x.sin - x .sin + x

3
Ta co: f(x) =
p
cos x.cos - x .cos + x

3
(1)
S dung cac phep bien oi tch thanh tong, ta c:

2p
p
p
1
sin x.sin - x .sin + x = sin x cos 2x - cos

3
3
3
2
2p
p
p
1
cos x.cos - x .cos + x = cos cos

+ cos 2x
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
= - cos x + cos 2x.cos x = - cos x + (cos3x + cos x) = cos3x.
4
2
4
4
4
Suy ra: f(x) = tg3x
1
1 sin 3x
1 d(cos3x)
1
Khi o: F(x) = tg3xdx =
dx = -
= - ln cos3x + C.
4
4 cos3x
12 cos3x
12
2.2. S dung phep ha bac:
ay chung ta nh lai cac cong thc sau:
1 - cos2x
3sin x - sin 3x
a/ sin 2 x =
c/
sin 3 x =
2
4
1 + cos x
3 cos x + cos3x
b/ cos2 x =
d/
cos3 x =
2
4
c s dung trong cac phep ha bac mang tnh cuc bo, con hang ang thc:
sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1.
c s dung trong cac phep ha bac mang tnh toan cuc cho cac bieu thc, v du nh:
1
1
sin 4 x + cos4 x = (sin 2 x + cos2 x)2 - 2sin 2 x.cos2 x = 1 - sin 2 2x = 1 - (1 - cos 4x)
2
4
1
3
= cos 4x +
4
4
3
sin 6 x + cos6 x = (sin 2 x + cos2 x)3 - 3sin 2 x + cos2 x) = 1 - sin 2 2x
4
3
3
5
= 1 - (1 - cos 4x) = cos 4x + .
8
8
8
V du 13: (HVQHQT_98): Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so :
a/ f(x) = sin3 x.si n3x
b/ f(x) = sin 3 x.cos3x + cos3 x.sin 3x.
Giai:
Trang 61
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
a/ Bien oi f(x) ve dang:

f(x) =
3sin x - sin x
3
1
.sin 3x = sin 3x.sin x - sin 2 3x.
4
4
4
3
1
1
= ( cos 2x - cos 4x ) x - (1 - cos 6x) = (3 cos2x - 3cos 4x + cos6x - 1) .
8
8
8
Khi o: F(x) =
1
(3cos2x - 3cos 4x + cos 6x - 1)dx
8
1 3
3
1
= sin 2x - sin 4x + sin 6x - x + C.

82
4
6
b/ Bien oi f(x) ve dang:

f(x) =
3sin x - sin 3x
cos3x + 3 cos x
.cos3x +
.sin 3x
4
4
3
3
= (cos3x.sin x + sin 3x.cos x) = sin 4x.
4
4
Khi o: F(x) =
3
3
sin 4xdx = - cos 4x + C.
4
16
2.3. S dung cac phep bien oi lng giac khac nhau

ay ngoai viec van dung mot cach linh hoat cac cong thc bien oi lng giac cac
em hoc sinh con can thiet biet cac nh hng trong phep bien oi.
V du 14: (HNT TP.HCM_99): Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so :
a/ f(x) =
sin x - cos x
;
sin x + cos x
b/
f(x) =
cos2x
.
sin x + cos x
Giai:
a/ Ta co: F(x) =
sin x - cos x
d(sin x + cos x)
= -
= - ln(sin x + cos x) + C
sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x
b/ Ta co: F(x) =
cos 2x
cos2 x - sin 2 x
dx =
dx
sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x
= (cos x - sin x)dx = sin x + cos x + C.

V du 15: (HNT HN_97): Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =
sin 3x.sin 4x
.
tgx + cot g2x
Giai:
Bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan ve dang:
sin 3x.sin 4x sin 3x.sin 4x
1
=
= sin 4x.sin 3x.sin 2x = (cos x - cos 7x)sin 2x
cos x
tgx + cot g2x
2
cos x.sin 2x
Trang 62
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1
1
= (sin 2x.cos x - cos 7x.sin 2x) = (sin 3x + sin x - sin 9x + sin 5x).
2
4
Khi o: I =
1
(sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x - sin 9x)dx
4
1
1
1
1
= - (cos x + cos3x cos 5x - cos 9x) + C.
4
3
5
9
Tong quat: Cach tnh phan dang:
sin
x.cos n xdx vi m, n la nhng so nguyen c
tnh nh cac phep bien oi hoac dung cong tc ha bac.

Bai toan 3: Tnh tch phan cac ham lng giac bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tnh tch phan bat nh sau: I = R(sin x, cos x)dx trong o R la ham hu t.
Ta la chon mot trong cac hng sau:
Hng 1: Neu R(- sin x, cos x) = - R(sin x, cos x)

th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = cosx
Hng 2: Neu R(sin x, - cos x) = - R(sin x, cos x)

th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = sinx
Hng 3: Neu R(- sin x, - cos x) = - R(sin x, cos x)

th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = tgx
(oi khi co the la t = cotgx).
Do o vi cac tch phan dang:
1. I = tg n xdx, vi n Z c xac nh nh phep oi bien t = tgx.
2. I = cot g n xdx, vi n Z c xac nh nh phep oi bien t = cotgx.
Hng 4: Moi trng hp eu co the a ve tch phan cac ham hu t bang phep oi
x
bien t = tg .
2
V du 16: (HNT Tp.HCM_97): Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =

Giai:
(1 + sin x)cos x
2 + sin x
at t = sinx
Suy ra: dt = cos xdx &
(1 + sin x) cos x
1+ t
dx =
dt
2 + sin x
2+t
Trang 63
cos x + sin x.cos x

dx.
2 + sin x
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Khi o: I =
1+ t
1
dt = 1 dt = t - ln | 2 + t | + C = sin x - ln | 2 + sin x | + C
2+t
2+t
Nhan xet: Trong bai toan tren s d ta nh hng c phep bien oi nh vay la bi
nhan xet rang: R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx) do o s dung phep oi bien
tng ng la t = sinx.
V du 17: (HTCKT HN_96): Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =
dx
4
sin x.cos x
Giai:
dx
dx
4 tg3 x.cos8 x = cos2 x 4 tg3 x
at: t = tgx
Suy ra: dt =
Khi o:
dt
dx
dx
dt
&
=
2
cos x
cos2 x 4 tg3 x 4 t 3
4 t3
= 4 4 t + C = 4 4 tgx + C.
1
1
=
ieu nay rat quan trong, khi
2
t
|t|
khi o ta phai xet hai trng hp t > 0 va t < 0.
Chu y: Nh chung ta a thay trong van e 8 la
sin xdx
cos x sin 2 x + 1
Giai:
dt
at t = cosx dt = sinxdx do o: I = -
t 2 - t2
Ta can xet hai trng hp t > 0 va t < 0. Cu the:
Vi t > 0, ta c:
1
d
dt
1
2
2
1
I=
= t =
ln 2 + 2 - 1 + C =
ln
t
t
2
2
2
2
t2 2 - 1
-1
t
t2
Vi x < 0, ta c:
1
d
dt
1
2
2
I=
ln
= - t = + 2 -1 + C
t
t
2
2
2
t2 2 - 1
1
t
t2
=-
1
ln
2
2 + 2 - t2
1
+C =
ln
t
2
Tom lai ta c:
Trang 64
2 + 2 - t2
+ C.
t
2 + 1 + sin 2 x
+ C.
cos x
Tran S Tung
I=
Tch phan
1
ln
2
2 + 2 - t2
1
+C=
ln
t
2
2 + 1 + sin 2 x
+ C.
cos x
4. PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham lng giac bang phng phap tch phan
tng phan.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Chung ta a c biet trong van e: Xac nh nguyen ham bang phng phap tch phan
tng phan, oi vi cac dang nguyen ham:
Dang 1: Tnh: P(x)sin axdx hoac P(x) cos axdx vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va
a R* .
u = P(x)
u = P(x)
Khi o ta at:
hoac
dv = sin axdx
dv = cos axdx
Dang 2: Tnh: eax cos(bx) (hoac eax sin(bx) vi a, b 0
u = cos(bx)
u = sin(dx)
Khi o ta at:
hoa
c
ax
ax
dv = e dx
dv = e dx
x
dx
cos2 x
Giai:
S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan, bang cach at:
u = x
du = dx
dx
v = tgx
dv = cos2 x
sin x
d(cos x)
dx = x.tgx +
= x.tgx + ln | cos x | +C.
Khi o: I = x.tgx - tgxdx = x.tgx -
cos x
cos x
cos2 xdx
.
sin 3 x
Giai:
cos x.d(sin x)
.
sin3 x
u = cos x
du = - sin xdx
at:
d(sin x)
1
dv = sin 3 x
v = - sin 2 x
Khi o: I = -
cos x
dx
cos x
x
=
d
ln
tg
sin 2 x sin x
sin 2 x
2
Trang 65
cos x
x
= - 2 - ln tg + C.
sin x
2
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
BAI TAP
Bai 28. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so:
a/ f(x) =
c/ f(x) =
f/
S:
1
p
cos x cos x +
4
cos2 x
sin x + 3 cos x
b/ f(x) =
d/ f(x) =
f(x) = (sin 4x + cos 4x)(sin 6x + cos6x)

a/ - 2 ln 1 - tgx + C;
b/ -
1
2 + sin x - cos x
sin x
e/ f(x) = sin x.si n2x.cos5x
1 + sin 2x
p
g/ f(x) = sin x - . ( 2 + sin 2x )
1
x p
cot g + + C;
2 8
2
1
p 1
1
1
x p
x p
c/ sin x + + ln tg + + C; d/
ln tg + +
+ C;
2
6 8
2 6
2 8 2(sin x + cos x)
2 2
11
1
1
1
3
e/ sin 2x + sin 4x - sin 8x + C; f/ (33x + 7sin 4x + si n8x) + C;

42
4
8
64
8
p
p 1
p
1
g/ -4 cos x - + sin x + - sin 3x - + C.

2
4 3
4
Bai 29. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so sau:
sin 3 x
a/ f(x) =
(HSP II Ha Noi _1999)
3sin 4x - sin 6x - 3sin 2x
b/ I = cos5x.tgxdx
K = cos3x.tgxdx
(HNT Tp.HCM A_2000)
1
x
cot gx
d/ f(x) =
e/ f(x) =
2
sin 2x - 2sin x
sin x
1 + sin x
p
p
f/ f(x) = tg x + .cot g x +
g/ f(x) = (x 2 + 2)sin 2x
3
6
1
si n3x - 1
S: a/ - ln
+ C;
48 sin 3x + 1
1
b/ I = 2sinx - 2 sin 3x + sin 5x + C;
K = - cos3x + 2 cos x + C;
3
1
2
cos x - 1
c/
+ ln
+ C;
d/ -x cot gx + ln sin x + C;
8 1 - cos x
cos x - 1
c/ f(x)=
e/
g/
cos x -
sin x
1
3
f/ x +
ln
+ C;
ln
+ C;
1 + sin x
3 cos x + p
1
1
3
- x 2 cos2x + x sin 2x - cos2x + C.
2
2
4
Trang 66
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 9: NGUYEN HAM CAC HAM SO VO T

e xac nh nguyen ham cua cac ham so vo t ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong
cac phng phap c ban sau:
1.
Phng phap oi bien.
2.
Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
3.
S dung cac phep bien oi.
Hai cong thc thng s dung:

1.
2.
xdx
2
x a
dx
x2 a
= x2 a + C
= ln x + x 2 a + C.
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham so vo t bang phng phap oi bien
Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh cac ham hu t oi vi x va
I = R x,
ax + b
co dang:
cx + d
axx + b
dx vi ad - bc 0.
cx + d
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:

at: t =
ax + b
ax + b
b - dt n
tn =
x= n
cx + d
cx + d
ct - a
Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I = S(t)dt.
a+ x
Chu y: Vi hai dang ac biet: I = R x,
dx hoac I = R x,
a-x
a biet vi phep oi bien: x = acos2t.

Trng hp ac biet, vi I =
V
a-x
dx chung ta
a+ x
a+ x
dx , ta co the xac nh bang cach:
a-x
a+ x
co ngha khi -a x < a nen x + a > 0, do o (a + x)2 = a + x.
a-x
Khi o: I =
x+x
a+ x
dx
xdx
+ 2
dx =
dx = a
a-x
a - x2
a2 - x 2
a2 - x 2
Trang 67
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
dx
Trong o:
xdx
2
c xac nh bang phep oi bien x = asint.
a2 + b 2
a -x
= -a a2 - x 2 + C.
dx
3
x + 1[ 3 x + 1)2 + 1]
Giai:
at: t = 3 x + 1 t 3 = x + 1 . Suy ra: 3t 2dt = dx &
dx
3
x + 1[ 3 (x + 1)2 + 1]
3t 2 dt
3tdt
= 2
2
t(t + 1) t + 1
3tdt 3 d(t 2 )
Khi o: I = 2
= 2
= ln(t 2 + 1) + C = ln[ 3 (x + 1)2 + 1] + C.
t +1 2 t +1
dx
2x 2x + 1
Giai:
at: t = 2x + 1 t 2 = 2x + 1 .
Khi o: I =
dt
Suy ra: 2tdt = 2dx &
t -1
t 2 - 1 = 2 ln t + 1 + C = 2 ln
dx
tdt
dt
= 2
= 2
2x 2x + 1 (t - 1)t t - 1
2x + 1 - 1
+ C.
2x + 1 + 1
xdx
x2 - 4 x
Giai:
Ta nhan xet:
1
2
2
3
1
4
x = x , x = x va x = x , t o 12 la boi so chung nho nhat cua cac

4
mau so, do o at x = t12

Suy ra: dx = 12t dt &
9 4
12t17dt 12t14 dt
t4
= 8 3 = 5
= 12 t + t + 5
dt
t -1
t -1
x2 - 4 x t - t
xdx
11
9 4
t10 t 5 1
t4
Khi o: I = 12 t + t + 5
+ + ln | t 5 - 1 | + C.
dt = 12
t -1
10 5 5
Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh I =
dx
(x + a)(x + b)
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet hai trng hp:
x + a > 0
Trng hp 1: Vi
x + b > 0
Trang 68
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
at: t = x + a + x + b
x + a < 0
Trng hp 2: Vi
x + b < 0
at: t = -(x + a) + -(x + b)
dx
x 2 - 5x + 6
Giai:
dx
(x - 2)(x - 3)
Ta xet hai trng hp:
x - 2 > 0
Vi
x > 3.
x - 3 > 0
at: t = x - 2 + x - 3
1
( x - 2 + x - 3)dx
1
suy ra : dt =
+
dx =
2 (x - 2)(x + 3)
2 x-2 2 x-3
Khi o: I = 2
dx
2dt
=
t
(x - 2)(x - 3)
dt
= 2 ln | t | + C = 2 ln | x - 2 + x + 3 | +C
t
x - 2 < 0
Vi
x < 2.
x - 3 < 0
at: t = x - 2 + 3 - x
1
[ 2 - x + 3 - x]dx
1
+
dx
=
suy ra : dt =
2 (x - 2)(x - 3)
2 2 - x 2 3 - x
Khi o: I = -2
dx
2dt
=t
(x - 2)(x - 3)
dt
= -2 ln | t | +C = -2 ln | 2 - x + 3 - x | +C
t
a2 - x 2 co dang:
I = R(x, a2 - x 2 )dx, vi ad - bc 0.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

p
p
x =| a | sin t vi - 2 t 2 (hoac co the t = x + a2 - x 2 )
x =| a | cos t vi 0 t p
Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I = S(sin t, cos t)dt.

Trang 69
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
x 3dx
1 - x2
Giai:
Cach 1: at: x = sin t, Suy ra: dx = cos tdt &

Khi o: I =
p
p
<t<
2
2
x 3dx
1 - x2
sin 3 t.cos dt
1
= sin 3 tdt = (3sin t - sin 3t)dt
cos t
4
1
3
1
(3sin t - sin 3t)dt = tgt + C = - cos t + cos3t + C
4
4
12
3
1
1
1
= - cost + (4 cos3 t - 3cosxt) + C = cos3 t - cost + C = cos2 t - 1 cost + C

4
12
3
3
1
1
= (1 - sin 2 t) - 1 + C = (1 - x 2 ) - 1 1 - x 2 + C = - (x 2 + 2) 1 - x 2 + C
3
3
Chu y: Trong cach giai tren s d ta co:

cos2 t = cos t
p
p
- < t < cos t > 0
2
2
2
2
cos t = 1 - sin t = 1 - x
Cach 2: at t = 1 - x 2 x 2 = 1 - t 2
x 3dx
x 2 .xdx
x 2 .xdx
(1 - t 2 )( -tdt)
=
=
=
= (t 2 - 1)dt
Suy ra: 2xdx = 2tdt &
2
2
2
t
1- x
1- x
1- x
1
1
1
Khi o: I = (t 2 - 1)dt = t 3 - t + C = (t 2 - 3)t + C = - (x 2 + 2) 1 - x 2 + C
3
3
3
Dang 4: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham so hu t oi vi x va
a2 + x 2 co dang:
I = R(x, a2 + x 2 )dx, vi ad - bc 0.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

p
p
x
=
|
a
|
tgt
v
i
<
t
<
2
2
2
2 (hoac co the t = x + a + x )
x =| a | cot gt vi 0 < t < p
V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = 1 + x 2 dx.

Giai:
Trang 70
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Tch phan
Cach 1: at: x = tgt, Khi o: I =
Suy ra: dx =
dt
dt
& 1 + x 2 dx =
.
2
cos t
cos3 t
dt
cos tdt
cos tdt
=
=
cos3 t
cos4 t
(1 - sin 2 t)2
at: u = sint.
Khi o: I =
=
p
p
<t< .
2
2
Suy ra: du = cos tdt &
cos tdt
du
=
(1 - sin 2 t)2 (u + 1)2 (u - 1)2
du
1 u +1
2u
= ln
+C
2
2
4 u - 1 (u + 1)(u - 1)
(u + 1) (u - 1)
1 sin t + 1
2 sin t
ln
+C
4 sin t - 1 (sin t + 1)(sin t - 1)
x
x
+1
2
2
2
1
1+ x
+C
= ln 1 + x
x
x
x
4
-1
+ 1
- 1
2
2
2
1+ x
1+ x
1 + x
1 x + 1 + x2
= ln
+ 2x 1 + x 2 + C
4 x - 1 + x 2
1
1
= (2 ln | x + 1 + x 2 | +2x 1 + x 2 ) + C = (ln | x + 1 + x 2 | + x 1 + x 2 ) + C.
4
2
Cach 2: at: t = x + 1 + x 2 t - x = 1 + x 2 (t - x)2 = 1 + x 2 x =
t2 -1
2t
t2 - 1 t2 + 1
1+ x = t =
2t
2t
2
Suy ra: dt = 1 +
1 + x2
1 + x 2 dx =
Khi o: I =
x + 1 + x2
2t 2
t2 + 1
dx
=
dx
=
dx
dx
=
dt
2
2
2
+
+
1
x
t
1
2t
t2 + 1 t 2 + 1
1 (t 2 + 1)2
1 2 1
. 2 dt =
dt = t + + 3 dt
3
2t
2t
4 t
4
t t
1 2 1
11 2
1
t + + 3 dt = t + 2 ln | t | - 2 + C
4
t t
42
2t
1
1
1
= t 2 - 2 + 4 ln | t | + C = 4x 1 + x 2 + 4 ln x + 1 + x 2 + C
8
t
8
1
= (ln x + 1 + x 2 + x 1 + x 2 ) + C.
2
Cach 3: S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan

xdx
u = x 2 + 1
du =
at :
x2 + 1
v = x
dv = dx
Trang 71
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Khi o: I = x x 2 + 1 -
Vi J =
x 2dx
x2 + 1
x 2dx
[(x 2 + 1) - 1]dx
dx
=
= x 2 + 1dx -
2
x +1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
= I - ln x + x 2 + 1 + C
(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:

I = x x 2 + 1 - (I - a ln) x + x 2 + 1 + C 2I = x x 2 + 1 + ln x + x 2 + 1 + C
I=
x 2
1
x + 1 + ln x + x 2 + 1 + C.
2
2
Chu y:
1. Trong cach giai th nhat s d ta co:
1
x
1 + x2 =
cos t va sin t =
cos t
1 + x2
cos2 t = cos t
p
p
la bi: - < t < cos t > 0

x
2
2
sin t = tgt.cos t =
1 + x2
2. Ca ba phng phap tren (tot nhat la phng phap 2) c ap dung e giai bai toan
tong quat:
x 2 + adx =
a
x 2
dx
ln x + x 2 + a +
x + a + C;
= ln x + x 2 + a + C.
2
2
2
x +a
3. Vi tch phan bat nh sau tot nhat la s dung phng phap 1:

dx
(a2 + x2 )2 k +1 , vi k Z.
4. Vi tch phan bat nh:
at: t = x +
(x + a)(x + b)dx ta co the thc hien nh sau:
a+b
(b - a)2
&A=2
4
suy ra: dt = dx & (x + a)(x + b)dx = t 2 + Adt

Khi o: I = t 2 + Adt =
A
t 2
ln t + t 2 + A +
t +A +C
2
2
(b - a)2
a+b
2x + a + b
=
ln x +
+ (x + a)(x - b) +
(x + a)(x + b) + C.
8
2
4
x 2 - a2 co dang:
I = R(x, x 2 - a2 )dx, vi ad - bc 0.
Trang 72
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

|a|
p p
x
v
i
t
=
- 2 ; 2 \ {0}
sin t
(hoac co the t = x 2 - a2 )
x | a | vi t [0; ] \ { p}.
p
= cos t
2
xdx
2x 2 - 1 + 3 x 2 - 1
Giai:
Cach 1: at: t = x 2 - 1 t 2 = x 2 - 1
Suy ra: 2tdt = 2xdx &
Khi o: I =
Ta co:
xdx
2x 2 - 1 + 3 x 2 - 1
xdx
2(x 2 - 1) + 3( x 2 - 1 + 1
tdt
2t + 3t + 1
2
tdt
2t + 3t + 1
2
t
t
a
b
(a + 2b)t + a + b
=
=
+
=
(2t + 1)(t + 1)
2t + 3t + 1 (2t + 1)(t + 1) 2t + 1 t + 1
2
a + 2b = 1
a = -1

a + b = 0
b = 1
Khi o:
t
1
1
=+
.
2t + 3t + 1
2t + 1 t + 1
2
1
1
1
1 (t + 1)2
Do do: I = +
dt = - 2 ln | 2t + 1 | + ln | t + 1 | +C = 2 ln | 2t + 1 | + C
2t + 1) t + 1
=
1 ( x 2 - 1 + 1)2
ln
2 2 x2 - 1 + 1
Cach 2: V ieu kien |x| > 1, ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi x > 1:
at: x =
1
p
, t [0; ) .
cos t
2
Suy ra: dx =
sin tdt
,
cos2 t
1 sin t
.
dt
2
(1 + tg 2 t)tgt.dt
(1 + tg2 t)tgt.dt
= cos t cos t
=
=
2
2(1 + tg 2 t) - 1 + 3tgt 2tg 2 t + 3tgt + 1
2x 2 - 1 + 3 x 2 - 1
1
+
3tgt
cos2 t
xdx
Trang 73
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Khi o: I =
at: u = tgt.
(1 + tg2 t)tgt.dt
.
2tg 2 t + 3tgt + 1
dt
(1 + tg 2 t)tgt.dt
u.du
2
Suy ra: du =
= (1 + tg t)dt &
= 2
2
2
cos t
2tg t + 3tgt + 1 2u + 3u + 1
1
1
1
1 (u + 1)2
Khi o: I = +
+C
dt = - ln 2u + 1 + ln u + 1 + C = ln
2
2 | 2u + 1 |
2u + 1 u + 1
=
1 (tgt + 1)2
1 ( x 2 - 1 + 1)2
ln
+ C = ln
+ C.
2 2tgt + 1
2 2 x2 - 1 + 1
Vi x < 1 (t lam)
ax 2 + bx + c co dang:
I = R(x, ax 2 + bx + c)dx, vi ad - bc 0
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: a I ve cac dang nguyen ham c ban a biet.

Trng hp 1: Neu a > 0 va D < 0.
2
D 2ax + b
Bc 1: Ta co: ax + bx + c = - 1 +
4a -D
2
Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien: t =
2ax + b
-D
Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I = S(t, 1 + t 2 )dt

Trng hp 2: Neu a < 0 va D > 0.
2
D 2ax + b
Bc 1: Ta co: ax + bx + c = - 1 -

4a
D
2
2ax + b
D
Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I = S(t, 1 - t 2 )dt

Trng hp 3: Neu a > 0 va D > 0.
2
D 2ax + b
Bc 1: Ta co: ax + bx + c =
1
4a
D

Trang 74
2ax + b
D
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I = S(t, t 2 - 1)dt
Cach 2: S dung phep the Euler:

1. Neu a > 0, at
ax 2 + bx + c = t - x a hoac t + x a.
2. Neu c > 0, at
ax 2 + bx + c = tx + c hoac tx - c.
3. Neu tam thc ax 2 + bx + c co biet so D > 0 th

ax 2 + bx + c = a(x - x1 )(x - x 2 ). Khi o at:
ax 2 + bx + c = t(x - x1 ).
V du 8: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I = x 2 + 2x + 2dx.
Giai:
Cach 1: S dung phep oi bien: t = x + 1 dt = dx.
Khi o: I = t 2 + 1dt.
Tch phan tren chung ta a biet cach xac nh trong v du 6.

Cach 2: S dung phep oi bien:
x 2 + 2x + 2 = t - x x 2 + 2x + 2 = (t - x)2 x =
t2 - 2
(t 2 + 2t + 2)dt
dx =
2(t + 1)
2(t + 1)2
t 2 - 2 (t 2 + 2t + 2)dt 1 (t 4 + 4)dt
Khi o: I = x 2 + 2x + 2dx = t =
.
.
2
3
2(t
+
1)
2(t
+
1)
4
(t
+
1)

t 4 + 4 = [(t + 1) - 1]4 + 4 = (t + 1)4 - 4(t + 1)3 + 6(t + 1)2 - 4(t + 1) + 5.
Do o: I =
1
6
4
1 t2
4
[t + 1 - 4 +
]dt = [ - 3t + 6 ln | t + 1 | +
]+C
2
4
t + 1 (t + 1)
4 2
t +1
1 ( x 2 + 2x + 2 + x)2
= [
- 3( x 2 + 2x + 2 + x) +
4
2
+6 ln x 2 + 2x + 2 + x + 1 +
x 2 + 2x + 2 + x + 1
] + C.
dx
(lx + m) ax 2 + bx + c
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

1
lx + m
Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I =
dt
at 2 + b t + g
Chu y: Phng phap tren co the c ap dung cho dang tong quat hn la:
Trang 75
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
I=
(Ax + B)dx
(lx + m)n ax 2 + bx + c
dx
(x + 1) x 2 + 2x + 2
Giai:
at: t =
1
1
x = -1
x +1
t
dt
1
khi t > 0
t(- 2 )dt
2
dx
dt
1
1
+
t
t
suy ra: dx = - 2 dt,
=
==
2
dt
t
1
1
(x + 1) x + 2x + 2
khi t < 0
t. 2 + 1
2 +1
1 + t 2
t
t
Khi o:
Vi t > 0, ta c:
I = -
dt
1+ t
= - ln t + 1 + t 2 + C = - ln
1
1
+ 1+
+C
x +1
(x + 1)2
1 + x 2 + 2x + 2
x +1
1 - x 2 + 2x + 2
= - ln
+ C = ln
+ C = ln
+ C.
x +1
x +1
1 + x 2 + 2x + 2
Vi t < 0, ta c:
I=
1
1
1 - x 2 + 2x + 2
= ln t + 1 + t + C = ln
+ 1+
+ C = ln
+ C.
x +1
x +1
(x + 1)2
1 + t2
dt
1 - x 2 + 2x + 2
Tom lai vi t 0 x -1 ta luon co: I = ln
+ C.
x +1
3. S DUNG TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 3: Tnh tch phan cac ham vo t bang phng phap tch phan tng phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Vi cac ham vo t, trong pham vi pho thong phng phap tch phan tng phan t c s
dung, tuy nhien chung ta cung can xem xet.
x 2 + adx
Giai:
xdx
u = x 2 + a
du =
at:

x2 + a
dv = dx
v = x
Trang 76
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Khi o: I = x x 2 + a -
Vi J =
x 2 dx
x2 + a
x 2 dx
(1)
x +a
[(x 2 + a) - a]dx
x2 + a
dx
= x 2 + adx - a
= I - a ln x + x 2 + a + C.
x2 + a
(2)

I = x x 2 + a - (I - a ln x + x 2 + a + C) I =
x 2
a
x + a + ln x + x 2 + a + C.
2
2
4. S DUNG CAC PHEP BIEN OI
x-a
dx, vi a > 0
x+a
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
x a
V ieu kien
x < -a'
Ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi x a th:
x -a
x-a
2xdx
dx
dx =
dx =
- a
x+a
x 2 - a2
2 x 2 - a2
x 2 - a2
= x 2 - a2 - ln x + x 2 - a2 + C.
Vi x < a th:
x -a
a-x
dx
2xdx
dx =
dx = a
-
x+a
x 2 - a2
x 2 - a2
2 x 2 - a2
= ln x + x 2 - a2 - x 2 - a2 + C.
x -1
dx
x +1
Giai:
x 1
V ieu kien
. Ta xet hai trng hp:
x < -1
x -1
Vi x < 1. Ta co:
1- x
dx
2xdx
I=
dx =
-
= ln x + x 2 - 1 - x 2 - 1 + C
2
2
2
x -1
x -1
2 x -1
x -1
2 x -1
dx
Vi x 1 . Ta co: I =
dx =
2xdx
x -1
= x 2 - 1 - ln x + x 2 - 1 + C
dx
, vi a 0 vab - c 0.
ax + b + ax + c
Trang 77
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
PHNG PHAP CHUNG

I=
=
1
1
( ax + b + ax + c)dx =
[ (ax + b)1/ 2 d(ax + b) + (ax + c)1/ 2 d(ax + c)]
b-c
a(b - c)
2
[ (ax + b)3 + (ax + c)3 ] + C
2a(b - c)
dx
+ x -1
x +1
Giai:

1
1
I = ( x + 1 + x - 1)dx = [ (x + 1)1/ 2d(x + 1) + (x - 1)1/ 2 d(x - 1)]
2
2
1
= [ (x + 1)3 + (x - 1)3 ] + C
3
Chu y: Mot phep bien oi rat pho bien oi vi cac ham so vo t la phng phap phan
tch, chung ta se i xem xet cac dang c ban sau:
v(x)dx
u2 (x) a
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bc 1: Phan tch:
v(x)
u2 (x) + a
a[u2 (x) + a]
u2 (x) + a
bu(x)
u2 (x) + a
c
u2 (x) + a
S dung phng phap hang so bat nh ta xac nh c a, b, c.
Bc 2: Ap dung cac cong thc:

1.
xdx
2
x a
2.
= x 2 a + C.
3. x 2 adx =
dx
2
x a
= ln x + x 2 a + C
x 2
a
x a ln x + x 2 a + C.
2
2
(2x 2 + 1)dx
x 2 + 2x
Giai:
Ta co:
2x 2 + 1
x 2 + 2x
2x 2 + 1
(x + 1)2 - 1
a[(x + 1)2 - 1]
(x + 1)2 - 1
Trang 78
b(x + 1)
(x + 1)2 - 1
c
(x + 1)2 - 1
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
ax 2 + (2a + b)x + b + c
x 2 + 2x
a = 2
a = 2
ong nhat ang thc, ta c: 2a + b = 0 b = -4

b + c = 1
c = 5
Khi o:
2x 2 + 1
x 2 + 2x
4(x + 1)
= 2 (x + 1)2 - 1 -
Do o: I = [2 (x + 1)2 - 1 -
(x + 1)2 - 1
4(x + 1)
(x + 1)2 - 1
5
(x + 1)2 - 1
(x + 1)2 - 1
]dx
= (x + 1) x2 + 2x - ln x + 1 + x2 + 2x - 4 x2 + 2x + 5ln x + 1 + x2 + 2x + C
= (x + 1) x 2 + 2x + 4 ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2x - 4 x 2 + 2x + C.
BAI TAP
x3
x
x3
1
; e/ 3
; c/
; d/
;
3 4
2x + 1 + 1
x+2
x
+
x
1+ x +1
1
x
1
f/
; g/ 10
h/ tgx +
3
x +1
2x + 1 + 2x - 1
(2x + 1)2 - 2x + 1
a/
S:
x +1
; b/
3
3x + 1
a/
11 3
(3x + 1)5 + 3 (3x + 1)2 + C;
3 5
c/
1
(x 2 + 2)3 - 2 x 2 + 2 + C;
3
d/
b/
1
1
(2x + 1)3 - (2x + 1) + C;
6
4
33 4
3
3
(x + 1)2 - 3 x 4 + 1 + ln( 3 x 4 + 1 + 1) + C;
8
4
4
e/ 2 x - 3 3 x - 6 6 x + ln( 6 x + 1) + C;
36
(2x + 1)2 + 3 6 2x + 1 + 3ln 6 2x - 1 - 1 + C;
2
10 10
10
1
g/
(x + 1)19 - 10 (x + 1)9 + C; h/ - ln cos x + (2x + 1)3 - (2x - 1)3 + C.
19
9
3
x
1
1
1
a/
;
b/
; c/
; d/
9x 2 - 6x
x 2 + 6x + 8
x 2 + 2x + 3
x2 - x - 1
4x + 5
2x
x2 + 1
x
e/
; f/
; g/
; h/
.
2
2 3
x x4 + 1
x 2 + 6x + 1
x + x2 - 1
1 + x + (1 + x )
f/
1
9x 2 - 6x + ln 3x - 1 + 9x 2 - 6x + C; b/ ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2x + 3 + C;
9
1
c/ ln x + 3 + x 2 + 6x + 8 + C;
d/ ln x - + x 2 - x - 1 + C;
2
S: a/
Trang 79
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
e/ 4 x 2 + 6x + 1 - 7 ln x + 3 + x 2 + 6x + 1 + C;
f/
1
1
g/ ln x - + x - + 2 + C;
x
2
Bai 32a/ Biet rang
dx
x2 + 3
Tnh
h/ 2 1 + 1 + x 2 + C.
= ln(x + x 2 + 3) + C.
Tm nguyen ham cua F(x) =

b/
2 2 2
x (x 2 - 1)3 + C;
3
3
x 2 + 3dx
x 2 - 4x + 8dx.
1
3
x x 2 + 3 + ln(x + x 2 + 3) + C.
2
2
1
b/
(x - 2) x 2 - 4x + 8 + 2 ln x - 2 + x 2 - 4x + 8 + C.
2
1
1
;
b/
.
a/
(x 2 + 16)3
(1 - x 2 )3
S: a/
S: a/
+ C.
16 x + 16
1 - x2
1
x -1
1
a/
;
b/
; c/
;
(x - 1) 1 - x 2
(x + 1) x 2 + 1
(x - 1) - x 2 + 2x + 3
d/
+ C;
1
x + x2 + x + 1
1+ x
S: a/ + C;
1- x
b/
e/
x2
x2 + x + 1
f/
1
.
1+ x + 1+ x
1 - x + 2(x 2 + 1)
b/ ln x + x + 1 + 2 ln
+ C;
2(x + 1)
2
1 2 + -x 2 + 2x + 3
c/ - ln
+ C;
2
2(x - 1)
3
1
t4
d/
+ ln
+ C, vi t = x + x 2 + x + 1.
3
2(1 + 2t) 2 1 + 2t
e/
f/
1
1
1
(2x - 3) x 2 + x + 1 - ln x + + x 2 + x + 1 + C;
4
8
2
1
1
1 t -1
1+ x
x + x - x.t + ln
+ C, vi t =
.
2
2
4 t +1
x
Trang 80
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Tch phan
Van e 10: NGUYEN HAM CAC HAM SO SIEU VIET

e xac nh nguyen ham cua cac ham so sieu viet ta can linh hoat la chon mot
trong cac phng phap c ban sau:
1.
S dung cac dang nguyen ham c ban
2.
Phng phap phan tch
3.
Phng phap oi bien
4.
Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
1. S DUNG CAC DANG NGUYEN HAM C BAN
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham sieu viet da tren cac dang nguyen ham
c ban
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bang cac phep bien oi ai so, ta bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan ve cac
dang nguyen ham c ban a biet.
a/ I =
dx
x
e - e- x
b/
J=
2 x.ex
dx
16 x - 9 x
Giai:
d(ex ) 1 ex - 1
a/ Ta co: I = 2x
= ln
+C
e - 1 2 ex + 1
b/ Chia t va mau so cua bieu thc di dau tch phan cho 4x, ta c:
x
4 x
4
d

1
3
3 dx = 1 . 1 ln
J=
dx =
2x
4 4 2x
4 2
4
ln
ln
1
1

3 3
3
3
4
-1
3
+C
x
4
+1
3
1
4 x - 3x
=
.ln x
+ C.
2(ln 4 - ln 3)
4 + 3x
2. PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH
Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham ham sieu viet bang phng phap phan tch
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Can hieu rang thc chat no la mot dang cua phng phap he so bat nh, nhng
ay ta s dung cac ong nhat thc quen thuoc.
dx
.
V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh : I =
1 - ex
Trang 81
Tch phan
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S dung ong nhat thc: 1 = 1 - e ) + e
Giai:
1
(1 - ex ) + ex
ex
=
=
1
+
.
1 - ex
1 - ex
1 - ex
ex
d(1 - ex )
Suy ra: I = 1 +
dx = dx -
= x - ln 1 - ex + C.
x
x
1- e
1- e
Ta c:
Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguyen ham ham sieu viet bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Phng phap oi bien c s dung cho cac ham so sieu viet vi muc ch chu
ao e chuyen bieu thc di dau tch phan ve cac dang hu t hoac vo t, tuy nhien
trong nhieu trng hp can tiep thu nhng kinh nghiem nho a c minh hoa bang cac
chu y trong van e 4.
dx
V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh : I =
.
2x
1+ e
Giai:
Cach 1: at t = 1 + e2 x t 2 = 1 + e2 x
tdt
dx
tdt
dt
&
= 2
= 2
Suy ra: 2tdt = 2e2 x dx dx = 2
t -1
1 + e2 x t(t - 1) t - 1
dt
1 t -1
1
1 + e2x
Khi o: I = 2
= ln
+ C = ln
+C
2
t -1 2 t +1
1 + e2x + 1
Cach 2: at: t = ex
dx
dx
dx
dx
-dt
Suy ra: dt = -e-xdx - dt = x ,
=
=
=
.
e
1 + e2x
e2x (e-2x + 1) ex e-2x + 1
t2 +1
dx
dt
Khi o:
= -
= - ln t + t 2 + 1 + C = - ln e - x + e- x + 1 + C.
2x
2
1+ e
t +1
dx
V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh : I = x
e - ex / 2
Giai:
1
dx
at t = e- x / 2 . Suy ra: dt = e- x / 2dx - 2dt = x / 2 ,
2
e
dx
dx
e - x / 2 dx
-2tdt
1
= x
= x/ 2
=
= 2 1 +
dt
x
x/ 2
-x / 2
-x / 2
e -e
e (1 - e
) e (1 - e
) 1- t
t -1
1
-x / 2
Khi o: I = 2 1 +
+ ln e- x / 2 + 1 + C.
dt = 2(e
t -1
4. PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 4: Tm nguyen ham cac ham sieu viet bang phng phap tch phan tng
phan
Trang 82
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Tch phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bai toan 1: Tnh: eax cos(bx) (hoac eax sin(bx) vi a, b 0

u = cos(bx)
u = sin(bx)
Khi o ta at:
hoa
c
ax
ax
dv = e dx
dv = e dx
Bai toan 2: Tnh: P(x)eax dx vi a R *
u = P(x)
Khi o ta at:
ax
dv = e dx
V du 5: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) = (tg 2 x + tgx + 1)ex .
Giai:
Ta co: F(x) = (tg 2 x + tgx + 1)e x = (tg2 x + 1)ex + ex tgxdx. (1)
Xet tch phan J = e x tgxdx.
dx
= (1 + tg2 x)dx
u = tgx
du =
2
cos x
at:

x
dv
e
dx
=
v = ex
Khi o: J = e x tgx - (tg 2 x + 1)ex .

Thay (2) vao (1) ta c F(x) = ex tgx + C.
(2)
5. S DUNG CAC PHNG PHAP KHAC NHAU
dx
1 + e2 x
Giai:
Ta co:
dx
1 + e2x
Khi o: I =
dx
ex e-2x + 1
d(e- x )
e
-x
+1
e- x dx
e-2x + 1
=-
d(e- x )
e-2x + 1
(1)
= - ln(e- x + e-2 x + 1) + C
Chu y: Ta co the s dung phng phap oi bien e lam tng minh li giai, bang cach:
at t = ex .
Khi o: I =
Suy ra: dt = e x dx &

dt
t 1+ t
t2
dt
1 + e2x
dt
= -
1
+1
t2
dt
t 1 + t2
1
d
t = - ln 1 + 1 + 1 + C
t
t2
1
+
1
t2
= - ln(e- x + e-2x + 1) + C.
Trang 83
Tch phan
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ng nhien cung co the at t = ex ta se thu c li giai giong nh tren, xong se

that kho giai thch vi cac em hoc sinh cau tra li Tai sao lai ngh ra cach at an phu
nh vay?
Chu y: Neu cac em hoc sinh thay kho hnh dung mot cach can ke cach bien oi e a
ve dang c ban trong bai toan tren th thc hien theo hai bc sau:
at t = ex
Suy ra: dt = e x dx & ex e2x - 2e x + 2dx = t 2 - 2t + 2dt = (t - 1)2 + 1dt
Khi o: I = (t - 1)2 + 1dt.

at u = t 1
Suy ra: du = dt & (t - 1)2 + 1dt = u2 + 1du

u 2
1
Khi o: I = u2 + 1du =
u + 1 + ln u + u2 + 1 + C
2
2
t -1
1
=
(t - 1)2 + 1 + ln t - 1 + (t - 1)2 + 1 + C
2
2
ex - 1 2 x
1
=
e - 2ex + 2 + ln ex - 1 + e2 x - ex + 2 + C
2
2
ex
V du 8: Tm nguyen ham ham so : f(x) = x
e + e- x
Giai:
-x
e
Chon ham so phu: g(x) = x
e + e- x
ex - e- x
f(x) - g(x) = x
e + e -x
ex - e -x
d(ex + e- x )
F(x) - G(x) = x
dx
=
= ln ex + e - x + C1
-x
x
-x
e +e
e +e
x
-x
e +e
f(x) + g(x) = x
= 1 F(x) + G(x) = dx = x + C2 .
e + e- x
F(x) + G(x) = ln ex + e- x + C1
1
Ta c:
F(x) = (ln e x + e- x + x) + C.
2
F(x) - G(x) = x + C2
BAI TAP
1
1+ x
a/ 2 x.e x ;
b/
;
c/
;
x
1+ e
x(1 + x.ex )
x
e/ e .sin(e );
e2 x
f/ 2x
;
e +2
g/
1
;
x ln x
Trang 84
d/
ln x
;
x
2
h/ x.ex .
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
2 x.ex
a/
+ C;
1 + ln 2
S:
xe x
c/ ln
+ C;
1 + xex
ex
b/ ln
+ C;
1 + ex
2
ln x. ln x + C; e/ - cos(e x ) + C;
3
1 2
g/ ln ln x + C;
h/ e x + C.
2
d/
a/
f/
e2x - 1
;
ex
b/ (1 + e3x )2 .e3x ;
1
.e x ;
x
g/
sin x
;
ecos x
S: a/ ex + e- x + C;
b/
d/ ln
t -1
+ C, vi t =
t +1
f/ 2e
+ C;
c/
f/
e2x
1
ln e2x + 1 + C;
2
; d/
; e/
e2x
4 x
ex + 1
e +1
1 + ex
1
h/ x
.
e (3 + e- x )
1
4
4
(1 + e3x )3 + C; c/ 4 (ex + 1)7 - 4 (ex + 1)3 + C;
9
7
3
t -1
ex + 1; e/ 2t + ln
+ C, vi t = 1 + ln x;
t +1
g/ e- x + C;
h/ ln
3ex
+ C.
3ex + 1

2 3x
a/ x e ;
S: a/
2x
b/ e .cos3x;
c/ e .sin x;
e/ x n .ln x, n -1.
1 3x
1 2x
e (9x 2 - 6x + 2) + C; b/
e (2 cos3x + 3sin 3x) + C;
27
13
1
1
3
3
3
c/ e x (sin x - cos x) + C; d/ - 2 ln 3 x + ln 2 x + ln x + + C;
2
2x
2
2
4
x n +1
x n +1
e/
ln x + C;
n +1
(n + 1)2

(1 + sin x)ex
x 2 ex
c/
a/
b/
;
1 + cos x
(x + 2)2
ln x
e/ ln(x + x - 1); f/
;
x 1 + ln x
2
S:
ln x
d/
;
x
g/
e x + e- x + 2;
x ln(x + x 2 + 1)
x2 + 1
d/
1
1+ x
ln
;
1 - x2 1 - x
x -2 x
ex sin x
a/ .e + C;
b/
+ C;
c/ e x (e3x + e2x ) + C;
x+2
1 + cos x
2
1 1+ x
d/ ln
e/ x ln(x + x 2 - 1) - x 2 - 1 + C;
+ C;
4 1- x
2
f/ (1 + ln x) 1 + ln x - 2 1 + ln x + C; g/ x 2 + 1. n x + x 2 + 1 - x + C.
3
Trang 85
Tch phan
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Bai 2: TCH PHAN

1. nh ngha tch phan:
Ta co cong thc Niutn Laipnit:
b
f(x)dx = F(x)
b
a
= F(b) - F(a).
Chu y: Tch phan f(x)dx ch phu thuoc vao f, a, b ma khong phu thuoc vao cach ky
a
hieu bien so tch phan. V vay ta co the viet:

b
F(b) - F(a) = f(x)dx = f(t)dt = f(u)du = ...

2. Y ngha hnh hoc cua tch phan:
Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc va khong am tren [a ; b] th tch phan
f(x)dx
la dien tch
hnh thang cong gii han bi o th cua ham so y = f(x, truc Ox) va hai ng thang
x = a va x = b.
3. Cac tnh chat cua tch phan:
Gia s cac ham so f(x), g(x) lien tuc tren khoang K va a, b, c la ba iem cua K, da
vao nh ngha tch phan ta co cac tnh chat sau:
a
Tnh chat 1. Ta co f(x)dx = 0

a
Tnh chat 2. Ta co f(x)dx = - f(x)dx.

b
Tnh chat 3. Ta co kf(x)dx = k f(x)dx, vi k R.

b
Tnh chat 4. Ta co [f(x) g(x)dx = f(x)dx g(x)dx.

c
Tnh chat 5. Ta co f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx.

b
Tnh chat 6. Neu f(x) 0, "x [a; b]th f(x)dx 0

a
Tnh chat 7. Neu f(x) g(x), "x [a; b] th f(x)dx g(x)dx.

Trang 86
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Tch phan
b
Tnh chat 8. Neu m f(x) M, "x [a; b] th m(b - a) f(x)dx M(b - a).
a
Tnh chat 9. Cho t bien thien tren oan [a; b] th G(t) = f(x)dx la nguyen ham cua
a
f(t) va G(a) = 0.
V du 1: Tnh cac tch phan sau:
2
x 2 - 2x
a/ I =
dx;
x3
1
x
4
J = (3x - e )dx.
b/
Giai:
2
2
1 2
a/ Ta co: I = - 2 dx = ln | x | +
x
x
1 x
x
3 2
b/ Ta co: J = x - 4e 4
2
= (ln 2 + 1) - (ln1 + 2) = ln 2 - 1.
1
= (24 - 4e) - (0 - 4) = 28 - 4e.

0
Chu y: Trong v du tren ta a s dung nh ngha cung cac tnh chat 1, 3 va 4 e tnh tch
phan V du sau ay se s dung tnh chat 5 e tnh tch phan cua ham cha dau tr tuyet
oi.
V du 2: Tnh tch phan sau: J =
- 1 dx.
-1
Giai:
x
Xet dau cua ham so y = e 1

Ta co: y = 0 ex - 1 = 0 x = 0
x > 0 ex > 1 y > 0
Nhan xet rang:
x < 0 ex < 1 y < 0

Ta co bang xet dau:
x
-1
+
0
Do o: J = (1 - ex )dx + (ex - 1)dx = (x - e) -1 + (ex - x) 0 = e +
1
- 2.
2
Chu y: S dung tnh chat 6, 7, 8 ta se i chng minh c cac bat ang thc tch phan.
p 3p / 4
dx
p
V du 3: Chng minh rang:
.
2
4 p / 4 3 - 2sin x 2
Giai:
Trang 87
Tch phan
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p 3p
Tren oan ;
ta co:
4 4
2
1
1
1
sin x 1 sin 2 x 1 1 3 - 2sin 2 x 2 1.
2
2
2
3 - 2sin 2 x
Do o:
3p / 4
p/ 4
trong o:
3p / 4
3p / 4
1
dx
dx
2
dx.
2
3
2sin
x
p/ 4
p/ 4
3p / 4
p/ 4
3p / 4
1
1
p
dx = x
= &
2
2 p/ 4
4
3p / 4
(1)
3p / 4
dx = x
p/ 4
= 2.
(2)
p/ 4
dx
p 3p / 4
p

(pcm).
2
4 p / 4 3 - 2sin x 2
x + a khi x < 0
V du 4: Cho ham so: f(x) = 2
x + 1 khi x 0
a/ Xet tnh lien tuc cua ham so a cho tai iem x0 = 0.
b/ Vi a e ham so lien tuc tai x = 0, hay xac nh
f(x).dx.
-1
Giai:
a/ Ham so xac nh vi moi x R.
Ta co:
lim f(x) = lim+ (x 2 + 1) = 1 va lim- f(x) = lim- (x + a) = a.
x0+
x0
x0
x 0
f(0) = 1.
Vay:
Neu a = 1 th lim+ f(x) = lim- f(x) = f(0) = 1 ham so lien tuc tai x0 = 0
x0
x0
Neu a 1 th lim+ f(x) lim- f(x) ham so gian oan tai x0 = 0

x0
x0
b/ Ta co:
1
-1
-1
-1
-1
2
f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx = (x + 1)dx + (x + 1)dx =
11
.
6
Chu y: Nh vay chung ta s dung hau het cac tnh chat e giai cac v du ve tch phan,
duy con tnh chat th 9 o co mot dang toan ma cac hoc sinh can quan tam la ao
ham cua ham so xac nh bi tch phan. Ta co cac dang sau:
x
Dang 1: Vi F(x) = f(t)dt F '(x) = f(x).

a
a
Vi F(x) = f(t)dt th viet lai F(x) = - f(t)dt F '(x) = -f(x).
Trang 88
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Tch phan
u(x)
Dang 2: Vi F(x) =
f(t)dt F(x) = u'(x)f[u(x)].
f(t)dt th viet lai:
a
u(x )
Dang 3: Vi F(x) =
v(x)
F(x) =
u(x)
f(t)dt -
v(x )
f(t)dt F '(x) = u'(x)f[u(x)] - v'(x)f[v(x)]
minh hoa bang v du sau:

V du 5: Tnh ao ham cua cac ham so:
x
a/ F(x) = (e + cos t )dt;

t
b/ G(x) =
c/ H(x) =
(t
(t
+ 2 + 1)dt;
x2
x2
+ sin t)dt.
2x
Giai:
a/ Ta co: F(x) = [ (et + cos t 2 )dt]' = ex + cos x 2 .

a
x2
b/ Ta co: G(x) = [ (t + t + 1)dt]' = [- (t 2 + t 2 + 1)dt]' = (u)'.(u2 + u2 + 1)

2
x2
trong o: u = x2, do o: G '(x) = (x 2 )'.(x 4 + x 4 + 1) = 2x(x 4 + x 4 + 1).

x2
x2
2x
c/ Ta co: H '(x) = [ (t + sin t)dt]' = [ (t + sin t)dt - (t 3 + sin t)dt]'

3
2x
= (u)'.(u + sin u) + (v)'.(v + sin v), trong o: u = x 2 va v = 2x, do o:

H '(x) = (x 2 )'.(x 6 + sin 2 ) + (2x)'.(8x + sin 2x) = 2x(x 6 + sin x 2 ) + 2(8x 3 + sin 2x)
TONG KET CHUNG:
e tnh tch phan xac nh ngoai cac phng phap c ban ma chung ta a biet e xac
nh nguyen ham, cu the co:
1. Phng phap s dung bang nguyen ham c ban.
2. Phng phap phan tch
3. Phng phap oi bien
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
5. S dung cac phep bien oi.
con co them mot vai phng phap khac v du nh phng phap cho lp tch phan at biet.
Van e 1: TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH
Bang viec s dung cac ong nhat thc e bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan
thanh tong cac bieu thc ma nguyen ham cua moi bieu thc o co the nhan c t bang
nguyen ham hoac ch bang cac phep bien oi n gian a biet, t o ta xac nh c gia
tr cua tch phan.
Trang 89
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1
x5
V du 1: (HTM HN_95) Tnh tch phan: I = 2 dx.
0 x +1
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc: x 5 = x 5 + x 3 - x 3 - x + x = x 3 (x 2 + 1) - x(x 2 + 1) + x.
1
x
1
1
1 4 1 2 1
2
Ta c: I = x 3 - x + 2
dx = x - x + ln(x + 1)] = ln 2 - .
2
2
4
x +1
4
0 2
0
V du 2: (e 91) Cho f(x) =
sin x
cos x + sin x
cos x - sin x
a/ Tm hai so A, B sao cho f(x) = A + B
cos x + sin x
p/ 2
b/ Tnh
f(x)dx.
Giai:
a/ Ta co:
sin x
cos x - sin x (A + B) cos x + (A - B)sin x
= A + B
=
cos x + sin x
cos x + sin x
cos x + sin x
A + B = 0
1
A=B=- .
2
A - B = 1
b/ Vi ket qua cau a/ ta c:
p/ 2
f(x)dx =
p/2
cos x - sin x
1
1
- 2 - 2(cos x + sin x dx = - 2 x - ln(cos x + sin x)
p/2
0
p
=- .
4
BAI TAP
Bai 1. Tnh cac tch phan:
a/
dx
;
x
b/ x 1 - xdx;
0
S: a/ 4
b/
4
5
c/
x 2 - 2x - 3
c/
dx;
2-x
0
1
- ln 2
2
d/
d/
dx
x + 1 + x -1
1
(3 3 - 2 2 - 1)
3
Bai 2. Tnh cac tch phan:

p
2
p
8
4 sin x
a/
;
1
+
cos
x
0
b/ tg 2 2x(1 + tg 2 2x)dx;
S: a/ 2
b/
ex
c/ x
dx;
2
(e
+
1)
0
1
6
c/
1
6
Bai 3. Tm cac gia tr cua a e co ang thc:

Trang 90
e3
d/
1
d/ 2
2
1 [a
+ (4 - 4a)x + 4x 3 ]dx = 12.
dx
x 1 + ln x
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
S: a = 3
Bai 4. Cho hai ham so f(x) = 4cosx + 3sinx va g(x) = cosx + 2sinx.
a/ Tm cac so A, B sao cho g(x) = A.f(x) + B.f(x)
b/ Tnh
p
4
0
g(x)
dx.
f(x)
2
1
S: a/ A = ; B = - ;
5
5
p 1
7
- ln
10 5 4 2
b/
Bai 5. Tm cac hang so A, B e ham so f(x) = Asinpx + B thoa man ong thi cac ieu
kien: f '(1) = 2 va
0 f(x)dx = 4.
2
S: A = - ; B = 2.
p
Trang 91
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 2: TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP OI BIEN SO

Phng phap oi bien so e tnh tch phan xac nh co hai dang c ban (ngoai ra
con dang 3) da tren nh ly sau:
nh ly:
a. Neu f(x)dx = F(x) + C va u = j(x) la ham so co ao ham trong [a ; b] th:
j (b)
j (b)
j(a) f(u)du = F(u) j(a)
b. Neu ham so f(x) xac nh va lien tuc tren oan [a ; b], ham so x = j(t) xac nh va
(i) Ton tai ao ham j(t) lien tuc tren oan [a; b]
(ii) j(a) = a va j(b) = b.
(iii) Khi t bien oi t a en b th x bien thien trong oan [a ; b]
Khi o:
a f(x)dx = a f[j(t)]j '(t)dt.

b
Bai toan 1: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 1 tnh tsch phan I = f(x)dx.
a
Giai:
Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp.
Bc 2: Lay vi phan dx = j(t)dt
Bc 3: Tnh cac can a va b tng ng theo a va b
Bc 4: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
b
Bc 5: Khi o: I = g(t)dt.
a
Lu y: Chung ta can nh lai cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong
thng la:
Dau hieu
Cach chon
x = a sin t vi - p / 2 t p / 2
x = a cos t vi 0 t p
x 2 - a2
a
p p
x = sin t vi t [- 2 ; 2 ] \ {0}
p
a
x = cos t vi t [0; p] \ { 2}
a -x
a +x
x = a tgt vi - p / 2 < t < p / 2
x = a cot gt vi 0 < t < p
Trang 92
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Dau hieu
a+ x
hoac
a-x
Cach chon
a-x
a+x
x = acos2t
x = a + (b - a)sin 2 t
(x - a)(b - x)
V du 1: (HTCKT_97) Tnh tch phan : I =
2
2
x2
1 - x2
dx.
Giai:
at x = sint, khi o: dx = costdt
oi can:
x 2 dx
Ta co:
2
p
t= .
2
4
vi x= 0 t = 0; x =
1 - x2
sin 2 t.cos tdt
sin 2 t.cos tdt sin 2 t cos tdt 1

=
=
= (1 - cos2t)dt.
cos t
cos t
2
1 - sin 2 t
1 p/ 4
Khi o: I = (1 - cos 2t)dt =
2 0
V du 2: Tnh tch phan : I =
1 1
t - sin 2t
2 2
2/ 3
p/ 4
=
0
p 1
- .
8 4
dx
x x2 - 1
Giai:
at x =
1
cos t
, khi o : dx = - 2 dt
sin t
sin t
oi can:
vi x= 1 t = p/2; x =
1
cos tdt
2
Khi o: sin t
=
1
p/ 3
1
sin t
-1
sin 2 t
p/ 2
p/ 2
2
p
t= .
3
3
p/2
dt = t p / 3 = 6
p/ 3
Chu y: Cung co the s dung phep oi: I =
2/ 3
T o s dung phep oi bien t =
dx
x
1
1- 2
x
1
, ta se nhan c: I =
x
Roi tiep tuc s dung phep oi bien t = sinu, ta c I =
3/2
1/ 2
p/3
dt
1- t
p/ 3
.
p
du = u p / 6 = 6 .
p/3
o chnh la li giai co the bo sung (e phu hp vi han che chng trnh cua Bo
Trang 93
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
GD&T) hau het cac tai lieu tham khao trc ay.
0
a+ x
dx, (a > 0)
a-x

a
Giai:
at x = a.cos 2t, khi o: dx = -2a.sin 2tdt.
oi can:
Ta co:
vi x = -a t =
p
p
; x=0 t=
2
4
a+ x
a + a.cos2t
dx =
(-2a.sin 2tdt) = cot gt (-2a.sin 2tdt)
a-x
a - a.cos2t
= -4a.cos2 t.dt = -2a(1 + cos2t)dt.
p/ 2
p/2
p
= a 1 - .
Khi o: I = -2a (1 + cos 2t)dt = -2a t - sin 2t
2
p/ 4
4
p/ 4
b
Bai toan 2: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 2 tnh tch phan I = f(x)dx.
a
Giai:
Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp, roi xac nh x =
y(x) (neu co the).
Bc 2: Xac nh vi phan dx = j(t)dt
Bc 3: Tnh cac can a va b tng ng theo a va b
Bc 4: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
b
Bc 5: Khi o: I = g(t)dt.
a
Lu y: Cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong thng la:
Dau hieu
Cach chon
Ham co mau so
t la mau so
Ham f(x, j(x))
t = j(x)
Ham f(x) =
a.sin x + b.cos x
c.sin x + d.cos x + e
t = tg
x
x
(vi cos 0)
2
2
Vi x + a > 0 & x + b > 0, at:

Ham f(x) =
1
(x + a)(x + b)
t = x+a+ x+b
Vi x + a < 0 & x + b < 0, at:
t = -x - a + -x - b
Trang 94
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
p/3
cos dx
p / 6 sin x - 5sin x + 6
Giai:
at x = sint, khi o: dt = cosxdx
vi x =
oi can:
Ta co:
p
1
p
3
t= ; x= t=
6
2
3
2
cosdx
dt
dt
= 2
=
sin x - 5sin x + 6 t - 5t + 6 (t - 2)(t - 3)
2
B
[(A + B)t - 2A - 3B]dt
A
=
+
dt =
(t - 2)(t - 3)
t -3 t -2
A + B = 0
T o:
-2A - 3B = 1
Suy ra:
A = 1
B = -1
cos xdx
1
1
=
dt.
sin x - 5sin x + 6 t - 3 t - 2
2
Khi o: I =
3/2
1/ 2
1
t -3
1
dt = ln
t -2
t -3 t -2
3/2
= ln
1/ 2
3(6 - 3)
5(4 - 3)
x3dx
3
1 + x2
Giai:
at t = 3 x 2 + 1 t 3 = x 2 + 1, khi o: 3t 2dt = 2xdx dx =

oi can:
3t 2dt
.
2x
vi x = 0 t = 1; x = 7 t = 2.
3
x 3 .3t 2 dt
Ta co:
=
= 3t(t 3 - 1)dt = 3(t 4 - t)dt.
3
2xt
1 + x2
x dx
t5 t 2
Khi o: I = 3 (t - t)dt = 3 -
5 2
1
=
1
141
.
10
b
Bai toan 3: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 3 tnh tch phan I = f(x)dx.
a
Giai:
Da vao viec anh gia can cua tch phan va tnh chat cua ham so di dau tch
phan ta co the la chon phep at an phu, thong thng:
Vi I =
f(x)dx = 0
co the la chon viec at x = t
-a
Vi I =
p/2
f(x)dx co the la chon viec at t =
Trang 95
p
- x.
2
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
p
Vi I = f(x)dx co the la chon viec at t = p x

0
Vi I =
2p
f(x)dx
co the la chon viec at t = 2p x
Vi I = f(x)dx co the la chon viec at x = a + b + t

a
Ghi chu: Xem van e 6

1
V du 6: Tnh tch phan : I = x 2004 sin xdx

-1
Giai:
0
Viet lai I ve di dang: I = x
2004
-1
sin xdx + x 2004 sin xdx.
(1)
Xet tch phan J = x 2004 sin xdx.

-1
at x = - t dx = -dt khi o: 3t 2dt = 2xdx dx =

oi can:
x = 1 t = 1;
0
Khi o: I = - ( -t)
1
2004
3t 2dt
.
2x
x=0t=0
1
sin(- t)dt = - x 2004 sin xdx.

0
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0.
(2)
V du 7: (HGT Tp.HCM_99) Tnh tch phan : I =
p/2
cos 4 x
dx.
cos 4 x + sin 4 x
Giai:
at t =
p
- x dx = -dt
2
oi can:
vi x = 0 t =
p
p
; x = t = 0.
2
2
p
cos 4 ( - t)(-dt)
p/ 2
p/2
sin 4 tdt
sin 4 x
2
Khi o: I =
=
=
dx.
4
4
4
4
p
p
p / 2 cos 4 ( - t) + sin 4 ( - t)
0 cos t + sin t
0 cos x + sin x
2
2
0
Do o: 2I =
p/2
p/2
cos 4 x + sin 4 x
p
p
dx = dx = I = .
4
4
2
4
cos x + sin x
0
Trang 96
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
BAI TAP
x dx
4
0 x + x2 + 1
a/ x 5 (1 - x 3 )6 dx; b/
0
S: a/
1
;
168
b/
p 3
18
c/
c/ x 5 1 - x 2 dx; d/ 2
0
848
;
105
d/
1 1
- ln 2.
2 2

p
6
0
cos x.dx
;
6 - 5sin x + sin 2 x
a/
c/
cos x.dx
-1 e x + 1 ;
1
S: a/ ln
10
;
9
b/
d/
b/
p 2
;
12
p
2
0
cos x
dx;
7 + cos2x
x.sin x.cos2 xdx
c/ sin1;
Trang 97
d/
p
;
3
sin x.cos3 x
dx
1 + cos2 x
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 3: TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
b
udv = uv
b
a
Cong thc:
- vdu
a
Bai toan1: S dung cong thc tch phan tng phan xac nh I = f(x)dx.
a
PHNG PHAP GIAI

b
Bc 1: Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang: I = f(x)dx = f1 (x).f2 (x)dx.

u = f1 (x)
du
Bc 2: at:

v
dv = f2 (x 2 )dx
b
Bc 3: Khi o: I = uv a - vdu.
a
Chung ta can nh lai cac dang c ban:

Dang 1: I = P(x)sin axdx (hoac P(x) cos axdx) vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va
a R * khi o at u = P(x).
Dang 2: I = eax cos(bx) (hoac eax sin(bx)) vi a, b 0 khi o at u = cos(bx) hoac u =

sin(bx)).
Dang 3: I = P(x)eax dx (hoac I = P(x)eax dx) vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va a R *

khi o ta at u = P(x).
Dang 4: I = x a .ln xdx, vi a R \ {-1} khi o at u = lnx.

V du 1: Tnh tch phan: I =
p/2
(x
+ 1)sin xdx.
Giai:
u = (x 2 + 1)
du = 2xdx
at:

v = - cos x
dv = sin xdx
p/ 2
Khi o: I = - (x + 1) cos x 0 + 2
Xet tch phan J =
p/ 2
p/ 2
x cos xdx = 1 + 2
p/2
x cos xdx.
Trang 98
x cos xdx
(1)
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
u = x
at:
=
dv
cos
xdx
p/ 2
du = dx
v = sin x
Khi o: J = x sin x 0 -
p/ 2
sin xdx =
p
p
p/ 2
+ cos x 0 = - 1
2
2
(2)
p
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c: I = 1 + 2 - 1 = p - 1.
2
p
V du 2: (e 37). Tnh tch phan: I = e2 x sin 2 xdx.

0
Giai:
p
Bien oi I ve dang: I = e2x sin 2 xdx =

0
1 p 2x
e (1 - cos2x)dx
2 0
1
e2 p 1
Xet tch phan: I1 = e dx = e2 x =
2
2
2
0
0
Xet tch phan: I 2 = e2 x cos2xdx
(1)
2x
(2)
p
0
du = -2sin 2xdx
u = cos2x
at:

1 2x
2x
dv = e dx
v = 2 e
p
p
1
e2 p 1 p 2x
Khi o: I 2 = e2x cos 2x + e2x sin 2xdx =
- + e sin 2xdx
2
2
2 0
0
0
(3)
Xet tch phan: I 2, 1 = e2x sin 2xdx

0
du = 2 cos 2xdx
u = sin 2x
at:
1 2x
2x
dv = e dx
v = 2 e
p
p
1
Khi o: I 2, 1 = e2x sin - e2x cos 2xdx = -I 2 .
2
0
0
14
4244
3
(4)
I2
Thay (4) vao (3), ta c: I 2 =
e2 p 1
e2 p 1
- - I2 I2 =
- .
2 2
4 4
1 e2 p 1 e2 p 1
1
Thay (2), (5) vao (1), ta c: I = [
- -(
- )] = (e2 p - 1).
2 2 2
4 4
8
2
ln(1 + x)
dx.
x2
1
V du 3: (HHH Tp.HCM_2000) Tnh tch phan: I =

Trang 99
(5)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Giai:
1
du
dx
=
u = ln(1 + x)
1+ x
at:

dx
dv
=
v = 1
x2
x
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
Khi o: I = - ln(x + 1) +
dx = - ln 3 + ln 2 + +
dx
x
x(x
+
1)
2
x
1
+
x
1
1
1
2
1
3
= - ln 3 + ln 2 + (ln | x | - ln(x + 1)) = - ln 3 + 3ln 2.
2
2
1
BAI TAP
a/
d/
p
2
S: a/
b/ (x + 1)2 e x dx;
ex .sin 3x dx;
p
2
0
e/ cos x.ln(1 + cos x)dx; f/
x ln(x + 1)dx
2
3 - 2e x
;
13
c/
b/
5e2 - 1
;
4
c/
7e3 - 1
27
Trang 100
(x.ln x)2 dx;

ln x
1e (x + 1)2 dx.
1
d/ ln 2 - ;
2
e/
p
- 1;
2
f/
2e
.
e +1
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 4: TNH TCH PHAN CAC HAM CHA DAU TR TUYET OI

b
Bai toan: Tnh tch phan: I = f(x, m)dx.

a
PHNG PHAP GIAI

Xet dau bieu thc f(x, m) tren [a, b]
Bc 1:
T o phan c oan [a, b] thanh cac oan nho, gia s:

[a, b] = [a, c1 ] [c1 , c2 ] ... [ck , b].
ma tren moi oan f(x, m) co mot dau.
Bc 2: Khi o: I =
c1
c2
c1
ck
f(x, m) dx + f(x,m) dx + ... + f(x, m)dx.
- 3x + 2dx
-1
Giai:
Ta i xet dau ham so f(x) = x 2 - 3x + 2 tren [1, 4], ta c:
x
f(x)
1
+
Khi o: I = (x 2 - 3x + 2)dx - (x 2 - 3x + 2)dx + (x 2 - 3x + 2)dx

-1
3
3
3
19
1
1
1
= x 3 - x 2 + 2x - x 3 - x 2 + 2x + x 3 - x 2 + 2x = .
2
2
2
3
-1 3
1 3
2 2
Chu y: Vi cac bai toan cha tham so can ch ra c cac trng hp rieng biet cua tham
so e kheo leo chia c khoang cho tch phan, ta xet hai dang thng gap trong pham vi
pho thong sau:
b
Dang 1: Vi tch phan: I = x - a dx.

a
PHNG PHAP GIAI
Khi o vi x [a, b] can xet cac trng hp:

Trng hp 1:
b
Neu a b th:
b
x2
1
I = (a - x)dx = ax - = (a - b)(a + b - 2a )
2 a 2
a
Trng hp 2:
Neu a < a < b th:

Trang 101
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
b
x2
I = (a - x)dx + (x - a)dx = (ax - )
2
a
a
a
a
a
x2
+ ( - ax)
2
a
1
= a 2 + (a + b)a + (a2 + b 2 ).
2
Trng hp 3:
Neu a a th:
b
x2
1
I = (x - a )dx = ( - ax) = (a - b)(2a - a - b).
2
2
a
a
b
Dang 2: Vi tch phan: I = x 2 - ax + b dx.

a
PHNG PHAP GIAI
Khi o vi x [a, b] can xet cac trng hp:

b
Neu D = a 2 - 4b 0 th: I = (x 2 + ax + b)dx
Trng hp 1:
Neu D > 0 th x + ax + b = 0 co hai nghiem phan biet x1 < x 2 .
Trng hp 2:
Neu x1 < x 2 a hoac b x1 < x 2 th: I = (x 2 + ax + b)dx.

a
Neu x1 a < b x 2 th: I = (x 2 + ax + b)dx.

a
x2
Neu x1 a < x 2 < b th: I = - (x + ax + b)dx + (x 2 + ax + b)dx.

2
x2
x1
Neu a x1 < b x 2 th: I = (x 2 + ax + b)dx - (x 2 + ax + b)dx.

a
x1
x1
x2
Neu a x1 x2 b th: I = (x + ax + b)dx - (x + ax + b)dx + (x2 + ax + b)dx.

a
x1
x2
Chu y: Vi bai toan cu the thng th cac nghiem x1, x2 co the c so sanh t nhien vi
cac can a, b e giam bt cac trng hp can xet va ay la ieu cac em hoc sinh can lu
tam.
1
V du 2: (HYD TP.HCM_96) Tnh tch phan: I = x. x - a dx (a > 0)

0
Giai:
Ta i xet cac trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Neu a 1
1
x 3 ax 2
a 1
Khi o: I = - x.(x - a)dx = - (x - ax)dx = - = - .
2 0 2 3
3
0
0
2
Trng hp 2: Neu 0 < a < 1
Trang 102
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
a
Khi o: I = - x.(x - a)dx + x.(x - a)dx = - (x 2 - ax)dx + (x 2 - ax)dx

0
x 3 ax 2
x 3 ax 2
a3 a 1
= - + = - + .
2 0 3
2 a 3 2 3
3
BAI TAP
a/
d/
g/
-3
4
3
x
0 | 2 - 4 | dx;
1
x 2 - 6x + 9dx;
a/ 8;
S:

p
2
p
2
p
c/
| sin x | dx;
1 - sin 2xdx;
S: a/ 2;
-1
-1
4 - | x | .dx;
h/
x 3 - 2x 2 + xdx.
3
2
2 2
f/
;
3
b/
2 3
ln ;
7 4
1
g/ 4 +
;
ln 2
c/
2p
d/
b/ 4; c/ 2 2;
(| 2x - 1 | -(x |2 )dx;
e/
b/
e/ 2(5 - 3);
a/
b/
(| x + 2 | - | x - 2 | dx;
| x | dx
;
-1 x - x 2 - 12
c/
f/
-1
| x | -xdx
5
;
2
24 3 + 8
h/
.
15
d/
2 + 2 cos2xdx
1 + sin x.dx.
d/ 4 2.
Bai 11. Cho I(t) = | ex - t | .dx, t R

0
a/ Tnh I(t).
b/ Tm gia tr nho nhat cua I(t), vi t R.
t + 1 - e, t e
S: a/ 2t.ln t - 3t + e + 1, 1 < t < e

b/
e - t - 1, t 1
min I(t) = ( 3 - 1)2 , t = e.

a/
| x - m | dx;
b/
1 | x
- (a + 1)x + a | dx.
1
2 - m, m 0
S: a/
m 2 - m + 1 , 0 < m 1.
Trang 103
3a - 5
,a 2
6
(a - 1)3 3a - 5
b/
,1< a < 2
6
3
5 - 3a
, a1
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 5: CACH TNH:
a max[f(x), g(x)]dx, a min[f(x), g(x)]dx.
Phng phap:
Ta tm max[f(x), g(x)], min[f(x), g(x) bang cach xet hieu:
f(x) - g(x) tren oan [a ; b]
Gia s ta co bang xet dau:

x
f(x) g(x)
T bang xet dau ta co:

vi x [a; c] th max[f(x), g(x)] = f(x)
vi x [c; b] th max[f(x),g(x)] = g(x).
b
a max[f(x),g(x)dx = a [f(x),g(x)]dx + c max[f(x), g(x)]dx

c
b
= f(x).dx + g(x).dx
a
c
T o:
Cach tm min[f(x), g(x)] thc hien tng t.

2
V du: Tnh tch phan: I = max[f(x), g(x)]dx, trong o f(x) = x 2 va g(x) = 3x - 2.

0
Giai:
Xet hieu: f(x) - g(x) = x - 3x + 2 tren oan [0 ; 2] :
2
x
f(x) g(x)
0 +
Do o:
Vi x [0; 1] th max[f(x); g(x)] = x 2
Vi x [1; 2] th max[f(x); g(x)] = 3x - 2

1
Ta co: I = max[f(x); g(x)]dx + max[f(x); g(x)]dx

1
x3
3
= x dx + (3x - 2)dx =
+ x 2 - 2x
0
1
3 0 2
1
1
3
17
= +6-4- +2 = .
3
2
6
1
BAI TAP

2
a/
c/
max(x; x 2 )dx;
0 min(x; x
S: a/
55
; b/
6
)dx;
b/
d/
4
;
3
c/
1 min(1; x
p
2
0
)dx;
(sin x, cos x)dx.
7
;
4
Trang 104
d/
2 - 2.
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 6:
LP CAC TCH PHAN AC BIET
Trong van e nay ta i chng minh roi ap dung mot so tnh chat cho nhng lp tch
phan ac biet.
Tnh chat 1: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la ham le tren [a ; a] th: I =
f(x)dx = 0.
-a
PHNG PHAP GIAI
Xet tnh phan J =
-a
-a
f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx
(1)
f(x)dx.
-a
at x = - t dx = -dt
oi can:
x = a t = a; x = 0 t = 0
Mat khac v f(x) la ham le f(t) = f(t).

0
Khi o: J = - f(-t)dt = - f(t)dt = - f(x)dx.

Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0 (pcm).
Ap dung:
1/ 2
1- x
cos x.ln
dx.
1+ x
-1/ 2
Giai:
1- x
Nhan xet rang: ham so f(x) = cos x.ln
co:
1+ x
1 1
Lien tuc tren - ;
2 2
1- x
1- x
f(x) + f(-x) = cos x.ln
+ cos( -x).ln
1+ x
1+ x
1- x
1 + x
= ln
+ ln
cos x = ln1.cos x = 0.
1 - x
1+ x
f(- x) = - f(x).
1 1
Vay, f(x) la ham le tren - ; , do o theo tnh chat 1 ta c I = 0.
2 2
Chu y quan trong:

1. Khi gap dang tch phan tren thong thng hoc sinh ngh ngay ti phng phap tch
Trang 105
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
phan tng phan, xong o lai khong phai y kien hay. ieu o cho thay viec nhn nhan
tnh chat can va ac tnh cua ham so di dau tch phan e t o nh hng viec la
chon phng phap giai rat quan trong.
2. Tuy nhien vi mot bai thi th v tnh chat 1 khong c trnh bay trong pham vi kien
thc cua sach giao khoa do o cac em hoc sinh len trnh bay nh sau:
0
1/ 2
1- x
1- x
(1)
I = cos x.ln
dx + cos x.ln
dx .
1+ x
1+ x
-1/ 2
0
Xet tnh chat J =
1- x
cos x.ln
dx
1+ x
-1/ 2
at x = - t dx = -dt
1
1
oi can: x = - t = . x = 0 t = 0.
2
2
Khi o:
0
1/ 2
1/ 2
1+ t
1- t
1- x
I = - cos(- t).ln
dx
dt = - cos t.ln
dt = - cos x.ln
1+ x
1- t
1+ t
1/ 2
0
0
(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0.

3. Vay ke t ay tr i chung ta se i ap dung y tng trong phng phap chng minh
tnh chat e giai v du trong muc ap dung.
Tnh chat 2: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la ham chan tren oan [a ; a] th:
a
-a
I=
f(x)dx = 2 f(x)dx.
PHNG PHAP GIAI
Xet tnh phan J =
-a
-a
f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx
(1)
f(x)dx.
-a
at x = - t dx = -dt
oi can:
x = a t = a;
x=0t=0
Mat khac v f(x) la ham chan f(t) = f(t)
0
Khi o: J = - f( -t)dt = f(t)dt = f(t)dt = f(x)dx
(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 2 f(x)dx pcm.

0
Chu y quan trong:

1. Trong pham vi pho thong tnh chat tren khong mang nhieu y ngha ng dung, do o
khi gap cac bai toan kieu nay chung ta tot nhat c xac nh: I =
f(x)dx
-a
Trang 106
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1
bang cach thong thng, th du vi tch phan: I = x 2dx.

-1
2x 3
Ta khong nen s dung phep bien oi: I = 2 x dx =
3
0
2
= .
3
bi khi o ta nhat thiet can i chng minh lai tnh chat 2, ieu nay khien bai toan tr
x3
nen cong kenh hn nhieu so vi cach lam thong thng, cu the: I =
3
-1
2
= .
3
2. Tuy nhien khong the phu nhan s tien li cua no trong mot vai trng hp rat ac
biet.
Tnh chat 3: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la chan tren R th :
I=
f(x)dx a
+
ax + 1 = f(x)dx vi "a R va a > 0.
-a
0
PHNG PHAP GIAI
f(x)dx 0 f(x)dx a f(x)dx

= x
+ x
Bien oi I ve dang: I = x
-a a + 1
-a a + 1
0 a +1
a
Xet tnh phan I1 =

at
f(x)dx
x
-a a + 1
x = - t dx = -dt
oi can: x = 0 t = 0; x = a t = a.
Mat khac v f(x) la ham chan f)t) = f(t).
0
f(- t)dt a a t f(t)dt a at f(t)dt

= t
= t
-t
a
+
1
a
+
1
a
0
0 a +1
Khi o: I1 =
a t f(t)dt a f(x)dx a (a x + 1)f(x)dx a

= x
=
= f(x)dx.
t
x
a
1
a
1
a
1
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
Vay: I =
Ap dung:
x 4 dx
V du 2: Tnh tch phan: I = x
-1 2 + 1
Giai:
0
x 4dx 1 x 4dx
Bien oi I ve dang: I = x
+ x
-1 2 + 1
0 2 +1
Xet tch phan J =
x 4 dx
x
-1 2 + 1
at x = t dx = dt
oi can:
x = 1 t = 1,
x = 0 t = 0.
Trang 107
(1)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
0
( -t)4 dt 1 t 4 .2 t.dt 1 x 4 .2 x.dx

= t
= x
-t
2
+
1
2
+
1
1
0
0 2 +1
Khi o: J = -
(2)
x 4 .2 x.dx 1 x 4dx 1 x 4 (2 x + 1)dx 1 4

1
+ x
=
= x dx = .
x
x
5
2 +1
0 2 +1
0 2 +1
0
0
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c: I =
p
Tnh chat 4: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren 0; th:
2
p/ 2
f(sin x)dx =
p/2
f(cos x)dx.
CHNG MINH
p
- x dx = -dt
2
p
p
oi can: x = 0 t = , x = t = 0.
2
2
at t =
Khi o:
p/ 2
f(sin x)dx = -
p/2
p/2
p
f(sin(
t)dt
=
f(cos
t)dt
=
f(cos x)dx pcm.

2
p/ 2
0
0
Chu y quan trong:

Nh vay viec ap dung tnh chat 4 e tnh tch phan:
I=
p/2
f(sin x)dx (hoac I =
p/2
f(cos x)dx).
thng c thc hien theo cac bc sau:

p
Bc 1:
Bang phep oi bien t = - x nh trong phan chng minh tnh chat,
2
ta thu c I =
p/2
f(cos x)dx.
i xac nh kI (no c phan tch kI = a
Bc 2:
p/ 2
thng la: 2I =
p/2
f(sin x)dx +
p/ 2
f(cos x)dx =
Ap dung:
cosn xdx
cos n x + sin n x
Giai:
at t =
p
- x dx = -dt
2
oi can:
x=0 t=
p
,
2
x=
p
t = 0.
2
Trang 108
f(cos x)dx)),
[f(sin x) + f(cos x)]dx .

0
T o suy ra gia tr cua I.

p/2
p/ 2
f(sin x)dx + b
p/ 2
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
p
cosn - t ( -dt)
p/ 2
p/ 2
sin n tdt
sin n x
Khi o: I =
dx.
=
=
p
0 cosn t + sin n t 0 cosn x + sin n x
np
p / 2 cos n
- t + sin - t
2
2
0
Do o: 2I =
p/2
p/2
cos n x + sin n x
p
p
dx
=
dx
=
I
=
.
2
4
cos n x + sin n x
0
b
a+b b
Tnh chat 5: Neu f(x) lien tuc va f(a + b x) = f(x) th I = xf(x)dx =
f(x)dx.
2 a
a
CHNG MINH
at x = a + b - t dx = -dt
oi can: x = a t = b;
x=bt=a
Khi o: I = (a + b - t)f(a + b - t)( -dt) - (a + b - t)f(t)dt

b
= (a + b)f(t)dt - tf(t)dt = (a + b) f(t)dt - xf(x)dx = (a + b) f(t)dt - I

b
a+ b b
2I = (a + b) f(t)dt I =
f(x)dx.
2 a
a
He qua 1: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] th: I =
p-a
xf(sin x)dx =
p p-a
f(sinx)dx
2 a
Hng dan chng minh: at x = p t dx = dt.

Ap dung:
p
x sin xdx
.
2
0 4 - cos x
Giai:
p
p
x sin xdx
x sin xdx p
=
2
3 + sin 2 x = xf(sin x)dx.
4
(1
sin
x)
0
0
0
at x = p - t dx = -dt
oi can:
x = p t = 0;
x = 0 t = p.
(p - t)sin(p - t)dt p (p - t)sin tdt p p sin tdt p t sin tdt

Khi o: I = -
=
=
-
2
2
4 - cos2 ( p - t)
4 - cos2 t
p
0
0 4 - cos t
0 4 - cos t
p
p
p
d(cos t)
d(cos t)
d(cos t)
I
2I
=
-p
=
p
2
2
0 4 - cos t
0 4 - cos t
0 cos t - 4
= -p
p p d(cos t)
p 1 cos t - 2
I=
= . ln
2
2 0 cos t - 4 2 4 cos t + 2
=
0
Trang 109
p ln 9
.
8
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
He qua 2: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] th: I =
2 p-a
xf(cos x)dx = p
2 p-a
f(cos x)dx.
Hng dan chng minh: at x = 2p t dx = dt.

Ap dung:
2p
x.cos
xdx
Giai:
at x = 2 p - t dx = -dt
oi can:
x = 2p t = 0;
0
x = 0 t = 2p.
2p
(2p - t).cos (2p - t)(-dt) = (2p - t).cos
Khi o: I =
2p
2p
tdt
p 2p
= 2 p cos tdt - t cos tdt = (cos3t + 3cos t)dt - I
2 0
0
0
3
2p
2p
p1
2I = sin 3t + 3sin t = 0 I = 0.
23
0
b
Tnh chat 6: Neu f(x) lien tuc va f(a + b x) = f(x) th I = f(x)dx = 0.

a
CHNG MINH
at x = a + b - t dx = -dt
oi can: x = a t = b;
x=bt=a
a
Khi o: I = f(a + b - t)( -dt) = - f(t)dt = - f(x)dx = -I 2I = 0 I = 0.

Ap dung:
V du 6: (CSPKT_2000) Tnh tch phan: I =
p/2
1 + sin x
ln
dx.
1 + cos x
Giai:
at t =
p
- x dx = -dt
2
p
p
,
x = t = 0.
2
2
p
0
p
p/ 2
1 + sin 2 - t
1 + cos t
1 + sin t
Khi o: I = ln
(
dt)
=
ln
dt
=
ln
dt
1
+
sin
t
1
+
cos
t
1 + cos - t
p/2
0
0
oi can:
=-
x=0t=
p/ 2
1 + sin x
ln
dx = -I 2I = 0 I = 0.
1 + cos x
Trang 110
Tran S Tung
Chu y:
Tch phan
Neu ta phat bieu lai tnh chat 6 di dang:
Gia s f(x) len tuc tren [a ; b], khi o:
f(x)dx = f(a + b - x)dx"
ieu o se giup chung ta co c mot phng phap oi bien mi, cu the ta xet
v du sau:
p/ 4
ln(1 + tgx)dx.
Giai:
at t =
p
- x dx = -dt
4
oi can:
x=0t=
p
p
, x= t=0
4
4
p/ 4
p/ 4
p
1 - tgt
2
Khi o: I = - ln[1 + tg( - t)dt = ln(1 +
)dt = ln
dt
4
1 + tgt
1 + tgt
p/ 4
0
0
p/ 4
p/ 4
[ln 2 - ln(1 + tgt)]dt = ln 2
2I =
dt -
p/ 4
p/ 4
ln(1 + tgt)dt = ln 2.t 0 - I
p ln 2
p ln 2
I=
.
4
8
Tnh chat 7: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren oan [0 ; 2a] vi a > 0 th
2a
f(x)dx = [f(x) + f(2a - x)]dx.

CHNG MINH
Ta co:
2a
2a
f(x)dx = f(x0dx + f(x)dx

a
Xet tch phan I 2 =
(1)
2a
f(x)dx.
a
at x = 2a - t dx = -dt
oi can: x = a t = a;
x = 2a t = 0.
Khi o: I 2 = - f(2a - t)dt = f(2a - t)dt = f(2a - x)dx

Thay (2) vao (1) , ta c:
2a
f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(2a - x)dx = [f(x) + f(2a - x)]dx . (pcm)
Ap dung:
3p
sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos5xdx.

0
Trang 111
(2)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Giai:
Viet lai I di dang:
I=
3p / 2
3p
sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos5xdx +
(1)
3p / 2
3p
Xet tch phan J =
3p / 2
at x = 3p - t dx = -dt
oi can:
x=
0
Khi o: J = -
3p
3p
t=
,
2
2
x = 3p t = 0.
sin(3p - t).sin 2(3p - t).sin 3(3p - t).cos5(3p - t)dt
3p / 2
=-
3p / 2
sin t.sin 2t.sin 3t.cos5tdt = -
3p / 2
sin x.sin 2x.sin 3x.cos 5xdx. (2)
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c: I = 0.

Tnh chat 8: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren R va tuan hoan vi chu ky T th :
a+T
f(x)dx = f(x)dx.
0
CHNG MINH
Ta co:
a+ T
f(x)dx = f(x)dx +
Xet tch phan I3 =
f(x)dx +
f(x)dx
(1)
a+ T
f(x)dx.
a+ T
at t = x - T dx = dt
oi can: x = a + T t = a;
x = T t = 0.
a+ T
Khi o: I3 = f(t + T)dt = - f(t)dt = - f(x)dx.

Thay (2) vao (1) , ta c:
f(x)dx =
(2)
f(x)dx. (pcm)
Ap dung:
2004 p
1 - cos2xdx.
Giai:
Viet lai I di dang:
I= 2
2004 p
2p
4p
2p
sin x dx = 2( sin x dx +
sin x dx + ... +
Theo tnh chat 8, ta c:

Trang 112
2004 p
2002 p
sin x dx)
(1)
Tran S Tung
2p
Tch phan
sin x dx =
4p
2p
2p
sin x dx = 1002( sin xdx - sin xdx)

p
0
= 1002 2(cos x + cos x
2p
p )
= 4008 2.
Nhan xet: Nh vay neu bai thi yeu cau tnh tch phan dang tren th cac em hoc sinh nhat
thiet phai phat bieu va chng minh c tnh chat 8, t o ap dung cho tch phan can tm.
BAI TAP
a/
1p
2
p
2
e/
1 - x2
dx;
1 + 2x
b/
p
2
p
2
x 2 | sin 2 x |
dx;
1 + 2x
p
x + cos x
dx; c/ x.sin 3 x.dx;
2
0
4 - sin x
x 4 + sin x
dx;
-1 x 2 + 1
f/
g/ (ex .sin x + e2 .x 2 )dx;

-1
p
sin 7 x
dx
2
k/
dx.
; 0
-1 (e x + 1)(x 2 + 1)
sin 7 x + cos7 x
h/ ln 3 (x + x 2 + 1) dx; i/
-1
S:
sin 2 x
dx;
-p 3x + 1
d/
p
;
4
p 4
f/ - ;
2 3
a/
1
ln 9;
2
2
g/ e2 ;
3
b/
c/
3p
;
4
p
;
2
p
i/ ;
4
e/ p + 2;
d/
h/ 0;
p
k/ .
4
Bai 15. Cho lien tuc tren R va thoa man: f(x) + f(- x) = 2 - 2 cos 2x , "x R
3p
Tnh tch phan I = 23 p f(x)dx.

-
Bai 16. Chng minh rang:
S: 6.
tga
1
e
cot g a
x.dx
dx
+
= 1, (tga > 0) .
1
2
x +1 e
x(x 2 + 1)
1
Bai 17. Cho ham so f(x) lien tuc tren oan [0; + ) thoa man f(t) = f , vi "t > 0 va
t
ham so.
p
f(tgx) , neu 0 x 2
g(x) =
f(0) , neu x = p
2
Chng minh rang:
p
a/ g(x) lien tuc tren 0; ;
2
b/
Trang 113
p
4
0
p
2
p
4
g(x).dx = g(x).dx.
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 7:
TCH PHAN CAC HAM SO HU T

(xem lai van e 7 cua bai hoc 1)
BAI TAP
x4 - 1
dx;
x2 + 9
a/
e/
4 2
x15 .dx
(x8 + 1)2
x.dx
;
-1 (x + 2)2
b/
c/
35 5
25
e/
. 125 +
;
192
192
c/
9
5 2 x .dx
(2x 2 + 18)dx
d/
;
0 (x 5 + 1)3 ;
(x 2 - 6x + 13)2
g/ x(1 - x 2 )n dx;
4
b/ ln 3 - ;
3
; f/ (1 + x)n dx;
20 p
- 18;
3
S: a/
11p 7
2
+ ; d/
;
8
4
45
2 n +1 - 1
f/
;
n +1
g/
1
.
2(n + 1)

2
a/
tga
d/ 1
f/
S:
x 3 .dx
;
x8 + 1
1
2
0
b/
x 3 .dx
;
x 2 - 3x + 2
c/
dx
;
x(x 4 + 1)
2
cot ga
b (a - x )dx
x.dx
dx
e/
+
,
(tga
>
0)
1
0 (a + x 2 )2 , (a, b > 0);
1 + x 2 e x(1 + x 2 )
2+ 6
2
x2 + 1
dx;
x4 + 1
1+ 5
2
1
g/
(x 2 + 1)dx
.
x4 - x2 + 1
a/
p
;
16
1 21 3 7
b/ ln + ln ;
4 2 4 2
e/
b
;
a + b2
p
f/ ;
8
p
g/ .
4
Trang 114
1 32
c/ ln ;
4 17
d/ 1;
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
TCH PHAN CAC HAM LNG GIAC
Van e 8:
BAI TAP
a/
d/
g/
p
8
0
cos2x.dx
;
sin 2x + cos2x
p
4
0
sin x.dx
;
6
sin x + cos6 x
p
2
0
sin x + 7 cos x + 6
dx;
4sin x + 3 cos x + 5
S:
a/
p 1
+ ln 2;
16 8
e/
5p
;
32
f/
4 sin 3 x.dx
;
1 + cos4 x
b/ 4
0
p
4
p
4
e/
c/ 4
0
dx
;
sin x + 2sin x cosx - 8cos2 x
2
sin 6 x + cos6 x
dx;
6x + 1
p
2
0
h/
b/ 2 ln
f/
cos2x.dx
;
(sin x + cos x + 2)3
sin x.cos x dx
2
a .cos2 x + b 2 .sin 2 x
3+2 2
;
2
8
5+8 2
;
27 (2 + 2 )2
p
4
0
g/
1 2
c/ ln ;
6 5
dx (a, b 0)
2
d/ ln 4;
3
p
9 1
+ ln + ;
2
8 6
h/
1
.
|b|+|a|

a/
d/
p
2
p
6
cis3 x.dx
;
sin x
x.sin x.cos3 x.dx;
S:
p
4
0
b/
p
2
p
3
cos x - sin x
dx;
2 + sin 2x
c/
x.sin x.dx
;
2
cos
x
3
f/ x - cos4 x.sin3 x.dx.
e/ 3p
a/ ln( 2 + 1);
3+ 2
b/ ln
;
2 +1
p
d/ ;
3
e/
c/ -
f(x) =
A.cos x
B.cos x
.
+
(2 + sin)2 2 + sin x
0
p f(x).dx.
2

a/
x .cos x.dx; b/
p2
p2
4
f/
4p
.
35
sin 2x
co the bieu dien di dang:
(2 + sin x)2
S: A = 4; B = 2; ln4 2.
p
2
0
9
;
24
4p
- 2 ln(2 + 3);
3
Bai 22. Tm hai so A, B e ham so f(x) =
T o tnh:
cot g. 3 sin3 x - sin x.dx

;
sin3 x
p
3
p
4
cos ( x ).dx; c/
2
Trang 115
x.dx
;
sin2 x
Tch phan
d/
Tran S Tung
p
4
0
p3
8
0
x.tg x.dx;
p2
a/ - 2;
4
S:
2x
x
f/ x 2 .sin .dx;
0
2
e/ sin 3 x.dx;
3p2 1
b/
+ ;
8
2
c/
p 1
p2
d/ - ln 2 - ; e/ 3p - 6;
4 2
32
p(9 - 4 3)
;
36
f/ -8(p2 + 4).

a/
c/
n-1
0 sin
x.cos(n + 1).dx, (n N, n 1); b/ cosn -1 x.sin(n - 1)x.dx;

0
p
2 cosn
0
p
2
0
d/ cos n x.sin(n + 2)x.dx.
x.sin(n + 1)x.dx;
S: a/ 0;
b/ 0;
c/ 0;
d/
1
.
n +1

p
2
0
a/ I = ( cos x - sin x )dx;

p
2
0
c/ I =
5cosx - 4sinx
;
(cosx + sin x)3
S: a/ 0;
b/
p
Bai 26. at: I = 6

0
p
2
0
cosn x.dx
;
cosn x + sin n x
p
2
0
3sin x + 4 cos x
dx.
3sin 2 x + 4 cos2 x
b/ I =
d/ I =
p
;
4
c/
1
;
2
d/
p
2 3
+ ln 3.
p
sin 2 x.dx
cos2 x.dx
va J = 6
.
0
sin x + 3 cos x
sin x + 3.cos x
a/ Tnh: I 3J va I + J.
5p
3
3p
2
b/ T cac ket qua tren hay tnh cac gia tr cua I, J va K : K =

S: a/ I - 3J = 1 - 3; I + J =
Bai 27.a/
b/
Chng minh rang:
p
2
0
1
ln 3;
4
cos2x.dx
.
cos x - 3 sin x
1
3 -1
b/ K = ln 3 .
8
2
p
cos6 x.cos6x.dx = 02 cos5 x.sin x si n6x.dx
Tnh: J = 2 cos5 x.cos7 x.dx.

0
S: b/ J = 0.
Trang 116
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 9:
TCH PHAN CAC HAM SO VO T

BAI TAP
a/
d/
x -1
dx
2 3 x + 1 . (x - 1)2 ;
0
2
2
S:
b/
1+ x
.dx;
1- x
4
1
dx
(1 + x m ).m 1 + x m
e/
a/
3 3
( 3 - 3 2 );
2
d/
1
(p + 4 - 2 2 );
4
x - 4 dx
.
; c/
x+2 x+2
b/ ln3 - 1;
e/
x
.(x - 2).dx;
4-x
, m N*.
c/ p - 4;
1
- 1.
2

a/
d/
dx
2 x
2
-1
16 - x 2
; b/
x 2 4 - x 2 .dx;
1 p
S: a/ - ln tg ;
4 12
d/
5p
3
;
6
4
dx
x x2 - 9
c/ x3 . 1 + x2 dx;
e/ x (x 2 + 4)3 .dx;
f/
b/
p
;
18
e/
32
(4 2 - 1);
5
c/
3
2
x 2 . (3 - x 2 )3 .
2
( 2 - 1);
15
f/
9
(4 p + 9 3).
64

a/
e/
4
4 3
3
S: a/
x2 - 4
dx;
x
x 2 x 2 - x 2 .dx;
b/
22
1 - x2
.dx;
x2
c/
2a
f/ x 2ax - x 2 .dx; g/
0
1
(4 3 - p);
3
b/
1
p
(4 - p); c/ ;
4
6
pa4
;
e/
16
pa3
f/
;
2
g/
p
2
0
dx
;
x + 3 + x +1
b/
p
.
6n
dx
-1 1 + x +
Trang 117
1 + x2
dx
x - x2
a
2
a -x
x 2 .dx
2x - x 2
d/
x n -1.dx
d/

a/
1
2
1
4
2n
(a > 0; n 2).
1
(3p - 8);
4
Tch phan
c/
Tran S Tung
dx
1 x2 (
S: a/
x2 + 1 + x)
19
- 3 - 2;
6
c/ ln
(2x + 1)dx
x 2 - 4x + x + 2
x n .dx
x3 + a3
b/ 1;
(2 + 5)( 2 - 1) 2 2 - 5
+
;
2
2
Bai 32. Cho I =
d/
1
d/ 8 - 3 2 - ln(3 + 2 2).
2
; (a > 0,n N)
a/ Vi gia tr nao cua n th I khong phu thuoc vao a.

b/ Tnh I vi n tm c.
1
S: a/ n = ;
2
b/
2
ln(1 + 2 ).
3
Trang 118
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
TCH PHAN CAC HAM SIEU VIET
Van e 10:
BAI TAP
a/
ln 2
d/
dx
;
x(1 + ln 2 x
S: a/
ln 5
1 - e2x .dx; b/
e/
ex . e x - 1
dx;
ex + 3
1 + ln 2 x
dx;
x
1
2- 3
3 + ln
;
2
2+ 3
p
d/ ;
4
b/ 4 - p;
2 1
+ ln(1 + 2);
2 2
e/
dx
c/
f/
x 1 - ln x
ln x 3 1 + ln 2 x
.
x
c/
p
;
6
f/
3 3
( 16 - 1).
8

a/
ln x
dx;
x2
e2 1
1
b/ 2 dx;
e ln x
ln x
p
3
p
6
e ln x.dx
ln(x + 1).dx
e/
d/
;
;
0
1 (x + 1) 2
x +1
1
S: a/
1
(1 - 2 ln 2 );
2
b/
d/ 2 ln 4 - 4 2 + 4;
f/
1
(2e - e2 );
2
e/ 0;
ln(lnx).dx
;
x
e3
c/ e2
ln(sin x).dx
.
cos2 x
c/ ln
f/
27
;
4e
3 3 3 p
ln
- .
3
2
6

a/
c/
p
2
0
log 2 (1 + tgx).dx;
p
(1 + sin x)1+cosx
2 ln
0
1 + cosx
p
S: a/
;
8
p
b/ ln 2;
8
dx;
b/ 4 ln(1 + tgx)dx;
0
x.ex dx
;
0 (1 + e x )3
d/
e2 + 4e + 1 1 e + 1
c/ 2 ln 2 - 1; d/
- ln
.
4(e + 1)2
2 2
Trang 119
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 11: PHNG TRNH
BAT PHNG TRNH TCH PHAN
e giai phng trnh, bat phng trnh tch phan thong thng trc tien ta can i
xac nh tch phan trong phng trnh, bat phng trnh o, sau o se thu c mot
phng trnh, bat phng trnh ai so quen thuoc.
BAI TAP
x
Bai 36. Giai va bien luan phng trnh sau vi an x: 2 (mt - m + 2)dt = 3 - m
0
S: m > 4 : vo nghiem
m = 4 : x1 = x 2 =
m=0: x=
1
2
3
4
0 m < 4 : x1, 2 =
m-2 4-m
m
Bai 37. Bien luan theo m so nghiem cua phng trnh:
1
1
(t
)dt
=
m
t
2
1
1
: vo nghiem
2
1
m= :x=1
2
1
m > : 2 nghiem
2
S: m <
Bai 38. Cho I(x) = (e2t + e-2t )dt.

0
a/ Tnh I(x) khi x = ln2

b/ Giai va bien luan phng trnh: I(x) = m.
15
S: a/
; b/
x = ln m + 1 + m 2 , "m
8
Bai 39. Giai cac phng trnh sau vi an x (x > 0) :
x
x
x
dt
p
p
1 + ln t
a/
b/
= ; c/ et - 1.dt = 2 - ;
dt = 18;
2
2
2
t
1
0
2 t t -1
e
d/ (2 t -1.ln 2 - 2t + 2)dt = 2 x
0
-x
1
+ .
2
Trang 120
e/ 7 t -1 .ln 7dt = 6 log 7 (6x - 5), vi x 1.

0
Tran S Tung
f/
Tch phan
x
3
2
tdt
1 - t2 . 1 + 1 - t2
S: a/ x = e5 ; x = e-7 ;
d/
x = 1;
= 6 - 2x(1 + 2 1 - x 2 )
b/ x = 2;
c/ x = ln2;
e/ x = 1; x = 2;
1
f/ x = .
2
Bai 40. Tm m e phng trnh: x + [3t 2 + 4(6m - 1)t - 3(2m - 1)]dt = 1

1
co 3 nghiem phan biet co tong bnh phng bang 27.

S: m = 1.
Bai 41. Giai cac phng trnh sau:
x
3
a/ (4sin 4 t - )dt = 0;
2
0
c/
dt
2 3
(1 - t )
b/ cos(t - x 2 )dt = sin x;

0
= tgx vi x [0; 1).
p
S: a/ x = K , K Z;
2
b/
x = Kp
x = l2p l = 0, 1, 2,...
x = 1 1 + m8p , m = 0, 1, 2...
2
Trang 121
c/
x = 0.
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 12: THIET LAP CONG THC TRUY HOI

1. Nhan xet:
Trong nhng trng hp ham di dau tch phan phu thuoc vao tham so n (n N), khi o
ngi ta thng ky hieu In e ch tch phan phai tnh.
1.
Hoac la oi hoi thiet lap mot cong thc truy hoi, tc la cong thc bieu dien
In theo cac In+K, ay 1 K n.
2.
Hoac la chng minh mot cong thc truy hoi cho trc.
3.
Hoac sau khi co cong thc truy hoi oi hoi tnh mot gia tr I n 0 cu the nao
o.
2. Mot so dang thng gap:
Dang 1: I n =
p/ 2
sin
x.dx (n N)
at:
u = sin n -1 x du = (n - 1)).sin n -2 x.dx
dv = sin x.dx v = - cos x.
I n = - sin n-1 x.cos x]p0 / 2 + (n - 1).(I1- 2 - I n )
Dang 2: I n =
p/ 2
cos n x.dx (n N)
n -1
at: u = cos x du = -(n - 1).cosn -2 x.dx

dv = cos x.dx v = sin x.
I n = cosn -1 x.sin x]p0 / 2 + (n - 1).(I n -2 - I n )
Dang 3: I n =
p/ 4
tg n x.dx.
Phan tch: tg n +2 x = tg n x.tg 2 x = tg n x.

- 1 = tg n x(1 + tg2 x - 1)
2
cos x
1
Suy ra: I n +2 + I n =
(khong dung tch phan tng phan)
n +1
Dang 4: I n =
p/ 2
x .cos x.dx va J n =
0
n
at:
u = x du = n.x
dv = cos x.dx v = sin x
p/ 2
x n .sin x.dx.
n -1
.dx.
p
I n = - nJ n - 1
2
Tng t: J n = 0 + nI n -1
(1)
(2)
n
T (1) va (2) I n + n(n - 1)I n -2
p
= .
2
Trang 122
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
1
Dang 5: I n = x n .ex .dx

0
at:
u = x n du = nx n-1 .dx
dv = ex .dx v = e x .
I n = [x n .e x ]10 - nI n -1
1
1
xn
=
dx
hay
I
x n .e- x .dx
n
x
0 e
0
Dang 6: I n =
at:
u = x n du = nx n-1 .dx
dv = e- x .dx v = -e- x .
I n = [-x x .e- x ]10 + nI n-1
e
Dang 7: I n = ln n x.dx (n Z* )
1
at:
u = ln n x du = n.ln n-1 x,
dv = dx v = x.
1
dx
x
I n = [x.ln n x]1e - n.I n -1 I n = e - nI n -1.
BAI TAP
Bai 42. Cho I n = sin n x.dx va J n = cos n x.dx , vi n N, n 2.
Chng minh cac cong thc truy hoi sau:
1
n -1
1
n -1
I n = - sin n -1 x.cos x +
I n -2 .
J n = sin x.cos n -1 x +
J n -2 .
n
n
n
n
Ap dung ta tnh I3 va J4.
1
2
S: I3 = - sin 2 x.cos x - cos x + C.
3
3
1
3
3
J 4 = sin x.cos3 x + x + sin 2x + C.
4
8
16
Bai 43. Cho I n = x n .sin x.dx va J n = x n .cos x.dx , vi n N, n 2.
Chng minh rang:
I n = -x n .cos x = nx n -1.sin x - n(n - 1).I n -2.
J n = x n .sin x + n.x n -1 .cos x - n(n - 1).J n -2 .
Ap dung ta tnh I2 va J2.
S: I 2 = -x 2 - cos x + 2x.sin x + 2 cos x + C.
J 4 = x 2 sin x + 2x cos x - 2sin x + C.
Trang 123
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Bai 44. Cho I n = x n .e x .dx, n N, n 1.

Chng minh rang: I n = x n .e x - n.I n -1 .
Ap dung tnh I5.
S: I 5 = ex (x 5 - 5x 4 + 20x 3 - 60x 2 + 120x - 120) + C.
Bai 45. Cho I n =
p/2
sin
x.dx, (n N)
a/ Thiet lap cong thc lien he gia In va In+2.

b/ Tnh In.
c/ Chng minh rang ham so f: N R vi f(n) = (n + 1)I n .I n +1.
d/ Suy ra J n =
p/ 4
cos
x.dx.
(n - 1)(n - 3)(n - 5)...1 p

n(n - 2)(n - 4)...2 . 2 , n chan
I(n) =
(n - 1)(n - 3)(n - 5)...2 , n le
n(n - 2)(n - 4)...3
S: b/
f(n) = f(0) = I 0 .I1 =
c/
Bai 46. at; I n =
p/4
p
.
2
d/
Jn = In .
tg x.dx, (n N)
n
Tm he thc lien he gia In va In+2.

S: I n + I n + 2 =
1
Bai 47. Cho I n =

0
1
.
n +1
xn
dx, (n N* )
1- x
Chng minh rang: (2n + 1)I n + 2n.I n -1 = 2 2.

1
e - nx
dx, (n N* )
-x
1- e
0
Bai 48. Cho I n =
a/ Tnh I1.
b/ Tm he thc gia In va In1.
S: a/
I1 = ln
2e
; b/
1+ e
I n + I n -1 =
Trang 124
1
(e1- n) - 1)
1- n
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 13: BAT ANG THC TCH PHAN
Cho hai ham so f(x) va g(x) lien tuc tren [a ; b]
Dang 1: Neu f(x) 0, "x [a; b] th :
f(x) 0
a
dau = xay ra khi f(x) = 0, "x [a; b]

b
Dang 2: e chng minh: f(x).dx

a
g(x).dx .
a
ta can chng minh: f(x) g(x), "x [a; b]

dau = xay ra khi f(x) = g(x), "x [a; b]
roi lay tch phan 2 ve.
b
Dang 3: e chng minh: f(x).dx B (B la hang so).

a
f(x) g(x), "x [a; b]
ta tm mot ham so g(x) thoa cac ieu kien: b

g(x).dx = B
a
b
Dang 4: e chng minh: A f(x).dx B .

a
ta tm 2 ham so h(x) va g(x) thoa ieu kien:

h(x) f(x) g(x), "x [a; b]
b
b
h(x).dx = A, g(x).dx = B
a
a
Hoac ta chng minh: m f(x) M, vi m = min f(x), M = max f(x)
b
sao cho: m.dx = m(b - a) = A,

a
Dang 5:
M.dx = M(b - a) = B.
a
f(x).dx | f(x) | dx .
dau = xay ra khi f(x) 0, "x [a; b]
BT (5) c suy ra t BT dang 2 vi nhan xet sau: "x [a; b] , ta luon co:
- | f(x) | f(x) | f(x) |
b
- | f(x) | dx f(x).d(x) | f(x) | dx

a
f(x).dx
a
| f(x) | .dx.
a
Ghi chu:
Trang 125
(lay tch phan 2 ve)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
1. Thc chat chng minh bat ang thc tch phan chnh la chng minh:
f(x) g(x), "x [a; b]. Neu dau = xay ra trong bat ang thc f(x) g(x) ch tai
mot so hu han iem x [a; b] th ta co the bo dau = trong bat ang thc tch phan.
2. Do BT la mot dang toan phc tap, nen moi dang tren co nhieu ky thuat giai, v vay
trong phan bai tap nay, khong i theo tng dang tren ma i theo tng ky thuat giai.
Ky thuat 1: Dung phng phap bien oi tng ng hoac chan tren, chan di
BAI TAP
Bai 49. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
1
1
x19 .dx
1
<
<
a/
3
3
6
20
20 2 0 1 + x
c/
1
<
50
1/ 2
dx
(3 + 2 cos x)
0
<
1
.
2(3 + 3)2

p/2
2
p
e.p
a/
< esin x .dx <
b/
2
2
0
c/
0<
b/
d/
p
<
6
dx
2
4-x -x
<
p 2
.
8
200 p
cos x.dx
1
<
x
200 p
100 p
2
1
1 - e- x .dx 1.
e 0
e- x .sin x
p
dx <
2
x +1
12e
t
2 3
(tg t +3tgt)
tg 4 x
p
p
Bai 51. Cho I(t) =
dx, vi 0 < t < . Chng minh rang: tg(t + ) > e 3
cos 2x
4
4
0
t
ln x
Bai 52. at: J(t) =
dx, vi t > 1.
x
1
Tnh J(t) theo t, t o suy ra: J(t) < 2, "t > 1.
Ky thuat 2: Dung bat ang thc Cosi hay Bu Nhia Cop Ski
BAI TAP
a/
p/ 2
sin x(2 + 3 sin x )(7 - 4 sin x )dx <
b/
p/ 3
cos x(5 + 7 cos x - 6 cos x)dx <
p/ 4
c/
27p
2
2p
.
3
ln x(9 - 3 ln x - 2 ln x)dx 8(e - 1)

a/
p/ 3
8cos2 x + sin 2 x + 8sin 2 x + cos2 x )dx p 2
Trang 126
Tran S Tung
b/
Tch phan
e
3 + 2 ln 2 x + 5 - 2 ln 2 x )dx 4(e - 1)
Bai 55. S dung bat ang thc dang 5 chng minh:

a/
sin x x.dx p
< ;
1 + x2
4
0
b/
3 cos x - 4sin x 5p
.
x2 + 1
4
Ky thuat 3: S dung GTLN GTNN cua ham so tren mien lay tch phan bang bang
bien thien.
BAI TAP
2 2 x.dx
1
< 2
< ;
a/
5 1 x +1 2
c/ 54 2
11
0 < x(1 - x)2 .dx <
b/
4
;
27
x + 7 + 11 - x ).dx 108;
-7
d/ 2.e
-1/ 4
x2 -x
.dx 2e ;
p 3
<
3
e/
dx
2
cos x + cos x + 1
<
2p 3
.
3
Ky thuat 4: S dung tnh chat ong bien, nghch bien cua ham so bang cach tnh ao
ham
BAI TAP
a/
3
<
4
p/3
sin x.dx 1
x < 2;
p/ 4
b/ 2 p 7
2p
(2 + sin x)(6 - sin x).dx 2 p 15.
c/ e > 1 + x, "x 0. Suy ra : e

x
1+ x 2
dx >
d/ e x, "x. Suy ra :
200
p+ 4
4
e- x .dx 0, 01.
100
x
e/ 1 < ln x < , vi x > e. Suy ra : 0,92 <
e
dx
3 ln x
< 1.
Ky thuat 5: S dung bat ang thc Bu Nhia Cop Ski trong tch phan bai tap 9.16
BAI TAP
Bai 58. Chng minh rang neu f(x), g(x) la hai ham so lien tuc tren [a ; b] th ta co:
Trang 127
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
2
b
b
b
2
2
f(x).g(x).dx
f
(x).dx.
g (x).dx.
a
a
a
(BT tren goi la BT Bua Nhia Cop Ski trong tch phan)
Bai 59. Chng minh rang:
2
1
1
1
f(x).g(x).dx f(x).dx. g(x).dx

0
0
0
Bai 60. Cho f(x) la ham so xac nh lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] va f(x) 1, "x [0; 1] .
Chng minh rang:
1
Bai 61. Biet ln 2 =
1 - f (x).dx 1 - f(x).dx .
0
dx
x + 1. Chng min h : Ln2 > 3 .

0
Trang 128
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 14: TNH GII HAN CUA TCH PHAN
Trong bai toan tm gii han cua tch phan thng co 2 dang sau:
t
Dang 1: Tm lim f(x).dx, (t > a)

t
Ta tnh tch phan
a
t
f(x).dx
phu thuoc vao t, sau o dung nh ly ve gii han e tm
ket qua.
b
Dang 2: Tm lim f(x, n).dx , (n N)

n
Dung BT tch phan em tch phan ve dang: A f(x, n).d(x) B

a
lim A lim f(x,n).dx lim B

n
Sau o, neu: lim A = lim B = l th lim f(x, n).dx = l

n
* Nhac lai nh ly ham kep:

Cho ba day so an , b n , cn cung thoa man cac ieu kien sau:
"n N * , a n b n C n
. Khi o: lim b n = l
lim a = lim C = l
n
n
n
n
n
BAI TAP
Bai 62. a/
Tnh I(x) =
dt
t(t + 1) , (x > 1)
b/
Tm lim I(x)
x +
S: a/ ln
Bai 63. a/
2x
;
x +1
Tnh I(b) =
ln10
S: a/
ex .dx
3
ex - 2
3
1
6 - (eb - 2)2 / 3
2
2
b/
ln 2.
b/
Tm lim I(b)
b/
6.
e- nx .dx
(n N* )
-x
0 1+ e
Bai 64. Cho I n =
Trang 129
b ln 2
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Tnh I n + I n -1 , t o tm lim I n .
x +
t2 + 1
b/
S: a/ ln 4 + ln
(t + 2)2
Bai 65. a/
ln4.
Tnh I(x) = (t 2 + 2t).e t .dt. Tm lim I(x)

x -
b/
Tnh I(x) =
2t.ln t.dt
I(x).
(1 + t 2 )2 , (x > 1). Tm xlim
+
1
S: a/ 0;
Bai 66. a/
b/
ln 2.
Tnh theo m va x > 0 tch phan: I m (x) =
em
t.(m - ln t).dt.
x
b/
Tm lim- I m (x). Tm m e gii han nay bang 1.
S: a/
x0
1 2m
e + 2x 2 ln x - (2m + 1)x 2
4
Trang 130
b/
1 2m
e ; m = ln 2.
4
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
NG DUNG CUA TCH PHAN

Bai 1: DIEN TCH HNH PHANG
Van e 1: DIEN TCH HNH THANG CONG
1. Dien tch hnh thang cong gii han bi 4 ng:
(c) : y = f(x)
y = 0 (truc hoanh Ox)
c tnh bi cong thc:
x
=
a
x = b (a < b)
S=
f(x) dx
(1)
2. Phng phap giai toan:

* Ta can phai tm ay u 4 ng nh tren
* va v can phai bo dau gia tr tuyet oi nen ta co 2 cach giai sau:

Cach 1. Phng phap o th:
y
* Ve o th (C) : y = f(x) vi x [a ; b]
(C): y = f(x)
a/ Trng hp 1:
Neu o th (C) nam hoan toan
tren truc hoanh Ox (hnh a) th:
S
0
(1) S = f(x).dx
a
b/ Trng hp 2:
Neu o th (C) nam hoan toan
di truc hoanh Ox (hnh b) th:
(Hnh a)
(1) S = - f(x).dx
a
c/ Trng hp 3:
Neu o th (C) cat truc hoanh Ox tai mot iem
co hoanh o x = x0 (nh hnh c) th:
(1) S =
(Hnh a)
x0
f(x).dx + -f(x) .dx
(C): y = f(x)
S
S = S1 + S2
a
(Hnh c)
* Ghi chu: Neu f(x) khong oi dau tren oan [a ; b] th ta dung cong thc sau:
S=
f(x)dx
a
Trang 131
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Cach 2. Phng phap ai so:
Giai phng trnh hoanh o giao iem : f(x) = 0 (*)
Giai (*) e tm nghiem x tren oan [a ; b].
Neu (*) vo nghiem tren khoang (a ; b) th ta xet dau f(x) tren oan [a ; b] e bo dau
gia tr tuyet oi hoac ta s dung trc tiep cong thc sau:
S=
f(x)dx
a
Neu (*) co nghiem x = x0 va f(x)

co bang xet dau nh hnh ben th:
S=
x0
x0
f(x)dx - f(x)dx.
x
f(x)
x0
+
Ghi chu:
(1) Dien tch S luon la mot gia tr dng (khong co gia tr S 0).
(2) Vi cau hoi: Tnh dien tch gii han bi (C): y = f(x) va truc hoanh th ta phai tm
them hai ng x = a, x = b e lam can tch phan, hai ng nay chnh la giao iem
cua (C) va truc Ox, la 2 nghiem cua phng trnh f(x) = 0 (theo phng phap ai so).
Vi cau hoi n gian hn nh: Tnh dien tch gii han bi ng (C) : y = f(x) th ta
phai hieu o la s gii han bi (C) va truc hoanh.
(3) Mot so ham co tnh oi xng nh: parabol, ng tron, elip, ham gia tr tuyet oi, mot
so ham can thc; li dung tnh oi xng ta tnh mot phan S roi em nhan hai, nhan ba,
... (cung co the s dung tong hoac hieu dien tch).
(4) Phan ln dang toan loai nay ta nen dung phng phap o th hieu qua hn; mot so t
phai dung phng phap ai so nh ham lng giac v ve o th kho.
Trang 132
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Tch phan
Van e 2: DIEN TCH HNH PHANG GII HAN BI HAI NG (C1), (C2)
1. Dien tch hnh phang gii han bi hai ng (C1), (C2)
(C1 ): y = f(x)
(C ):y = g(x)
2
x = a
x = b (a < b)
S = f(x) - g(x) dx
c tnh bi cong thc:
2. Phng phap giai toan:

Cach 1. Phng phap o th:
* Tren cung mat phang toa o ta ve 2 o th: (C1 ) :y = f(x) va (C2 ) : y = g(x) .
a/ Trng hp 1: (C1) khong cat (C2)
Xac nh v tr: Tren oan [a ; b] th (C1) nam tren

(C2) hay (C2) nam tren (C1) bang cach ve mot
ng thang song song vi truc tung Oy cat hai
o th tai M va N.
Khi o neu M tren N th o th cha M se nam tren o th
cha N.
M
S
0
(C1)
(C2)
(hnh 2a)
Neu (C1) nam tren (C2) th: S = [f(x) - g(x)]dx. (h.2a)
Neu (C2) nam tren (C1) th: S = [g(x) - f(x)]dx. (h.2b)

a
Trong trng hp 1, ta co the dung trc tiep cong thc sau:
S = [f(x) - g(x)]dx .
(C2)
(C1)
(hnh 2b)
b/ Trng hp 2: (C1) cat (C2) tai iem I co hoanh o x0.

S=
x0
g(x) - f(x) dx +
f(x) - g(x) dx
x0
Hoac dung cong thc sau:

S=
x0
x0
S1
[f(x) - g(x)]dx + [f(x) - g(x)]dx
I
x0
(C1): y = f(x)
S2
(C2): y = g(x)
Cach 2. Phng phap ai so:
Lap phng trnh hoanh o giao iem: f(x) = g(x) (*)
Neu (*) vo nghiem tren khoang (a ; b) th ta xet hieu f(x) g(x) e bo dau | |.
Neu (*) co mot nghiem x0 thuoc khoang (a ; b) th:

Trang 133
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
x0
S = f(x) - g(x) dx + f(x) - g(x) dx

roi xet lai t au tren cac oan [a; x 0 ] va [x 0 ; b].
Ghi chu:
(1) Trong thc hanh ta nen dung phng phap o th.
(2) Khi giao iem cua (C1) va (C2) khong chac chan nh so hu t hoac so vo t, ta nen
thc hien them viec giai phng trnh hoanh o f(x) = g(x) cho chnh xac.
(3) Hoanh o giao iem cua (C1) va (C2) la cac can cua tch phan.
(4) Tren ay khi tnh dien tch ta a coi x la bien, y la ham. Tuy nhien trong mot so
trng hp ta coi y la bien cua ham x (ngha la x = f(y)), khi o viec tnh dien tch se
n gian hn.
Trang 134
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
Van e 3: DIEN TCH HNH PHANG GII HAN BI NHIEU NG
Xet ai dien 4 ng (C1 ), (C2 ), (C3 ), (C4 ) .
Ta dung phng phap o th (duy nhat)
Ve 4 ng tren cung mot mat phang

va xac nh hoanh o giao iem gia chung
(x1, x2, x3, x4)
y
(C4)
(C1)
(C3) S2 S3
S
A 1
Dien tch hnh phang S can tm: S = S1 + S2 + S3

x1
x3
x4
x1
x2
x3
x1 x2 x3
S = [(C1 ) - (C3 )]dx + [(C4 ) - (C3 )]dx + [(C4 ) - (C2 )]dx.
Trang 135
(C2)
D
x4
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Van e 4: DIEN TCH LN NHAT VA DIEN TCH NHO NHAT

Tm dien tch ln nhat va nho nhat cua hnh phang S.
Phng phap:
Thiet lap cong thc tnh S theo mot hoac nhieu tham so cua gia thiet (gia s la m), tc
la, ta co: S = g(m).
Tm gia tr ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua g(m) bang mot trong cac phng phap:
+ Tam thc bac hai
+ Bat ang thc Cosi hoac Bu Nhia Cop Ski.
+ S dung ao ham
Chu y: Cac can a, b thng lay t nghiem x1, x2 la hoanh o giao iem cua (C) va (d).
V du 1: (Van e 1): Tnh dien tch cua mien kn gii han bi ng cong
y = x 1 + x 2 , truc Ox va ng thang x = 1.
Giai:
*
ng cong (C) : y = x 1 + x 2 cat truc hoanh Ox khi: x 1 + x 2 = 0 x = 0.
Ta co: x 1 + x 2 0, vi moi x [0; 1] . Do o dien tch S can tm la:

1
S = x 1 + x 2 .dx.
0
at: u 1 + x 2 u2 = 1 + x 2 2u.du = 2xdx u.du = xdx.
oi can: x = 0 u = 1;
Ta co: S =
u3
u2du =
3
x = 1 u = 2.
2
=
0
1
(2 2 - 1) (vdt)
3
V du 2: (van e 1): Tnh dien hnh phang gii han bi cac ng

1 + ln x
y=
; x = 1, x = e.
x
Giai:
*
Dien tch hnh phang S can tm: S =
1 + ln x
dx
x
1
dx.
x
x = e u = 2.
at: u = 1 + ln x u2 = 1 + ln x 2u.du =
oi can: x = 1 u = 1;
2
2
* Ta co: S = 2u .du = u3
3
1
=
1
2
2
(2 2 - 1 = (2 2 - 1) (vdt)
3
3
V du 3 (van e 2): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
y = x 2 - 2x va y = -x 2 + 4x.
Trang 136
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Tch phan
Giai:
*
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua 2 ng:

x 2 - 2x = - x 2 + 4x
2x 2 - 6x = 0 x = 0 hay x = 3.
o th (P1): y = x 2 - 2x va (P2 ) :y = -x 2 + 4x
nh tren hnh ve.
Hai o th cat nhau tai 2 iem O(0 ; 0) va A(3 ; 3).
(P1)
4
3
0
1
1
Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:

3
2 3
4
(P2)
2x 3
S = -x + 4x) - (x - 2x) dx = (-2x + 6x)dx = + 3x 2 = 9 (vdt)

3
0
0
2
V du 4 (van e 2): Parabol y2 = 2x chia hnh phang gii han bi ng tron

x 2 + y2 = 8 thanh hai phan. tnh dien tch moi phan o
Giai:
*
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P): y2 = 2x va (C):x 2 + y2 = 8;

x = 2 y = 2
x 2 + 2x = 8 (vi x 0) x 2 + 2x - 8 = 0
x = -4 (loai)
Toa o giao iem B(2 ; 2), C(2 ; 2).
Ta tnh dien tch tam giac cong OAB;

at: S1 = SOAB =
2x.dx +
2 3
8
2x.dx = 2.
x = .
3
0 3
Tnh:
8 - x 2 .dx
vi:
2 2
2 2
(P)
B
S1
2
C
8 - x 2 .dx = I.
at: x = 2 2.sin t dt = 2 2.cos t.dt.

oi can: x = 2 t = p / 4 ;
I=
p/ 2
x = 2 2 t = p/ 2
2.cos t.2 2.cos t.dt = 8
p/ 4
p/2
cos t.dt = 8
p/ 4
p/2
sin 2t
= 4t +
= p - 2.
2 p/ 4
8
2
+ p-2 = p+ .
3
3
Do o: S1 =
4
Do tnh oi xng nen: SOBAC = 2.SOAB = 2 p + .
3
Trang 137
p/ 2
1 + cos 2t
dt
2
p/ 4
A
2 2
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
* Goi S la dien tch hnh tron (C) S = p.R 2 = 8p

*
Goi S2 la phan dien tch hnh tron con lai S2 = S - SOBAC = 8p - 2 p +

3
4
S2 = 6 p - .
3
V du 5 (van e 4): Chng minh rang khi m thay oi th Parabol (P): y = x2 + 1 luon cat
ng thang (d): y = mx + 2 tai hai iem phan biet. Hay xac nh m sao cho phan dien
tch hnh phang gii han bi ng thang va parabol la nho nhat.
Giai:
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P) va (d):
x 2 + 1 = mx + 2 x 2 - mx - 1 = 0
(1)
D = m 2 + 4 > 0, "m
(P)
(d)
Vay (d): luon cat (P) tai 2 iem phan biet

A, B co hoanh o x1, x2 la nghiem cua (1).
* Dien tch hnh phang S la:
2
B
x2
x2
x 3 mx 2
+ x
S = (mx + 2 - x - 1)dx = - +
2
3
x1
x1
2
x1
x2
1
m
= - (x 32 - x13 ) + (x 22 - x12 ) + (x 2 - x1 )
3
2
1
= - (x 2 - x1 ). 2(x 22 + x1x 2 + x12 ) - 3m(x 2 + x1 ) - 6
6
1
1
4
=m 2 + 4. 2(m 2 + 1) - 3m 2 - 6 =
(m 2 + 4)3 .
6
6
3
4
Vay: min S = khi m = 0.
3
V du 6 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
y = x2 , y =
x2
27
,y= .
8
x
Giai:
x2
27
* o th (P1 ) : y = x , (P2 ) : y = , (H) : y =
8
x
2
nh tren hnh ve.

*
(P1)
A
x2 =
27
x 3 = 27 x = 3 toa o A(3, 9).
x
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P2) va (H):

Trang 138
(P2)
(H)
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua

(P1) va (H):
9/2
3
S2
S1
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
x 2 27
9
=
x = 6 toa o B 6, .
8
x
2
*

3
S = S1 + S2 = (x 2 0
6
27 x 2
x2
)dx + 8
8
3 x
dx = ... = 27 ln 2 (vdt) .
V du 7 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng: parabol (P):
y = 4x - x 2 va cac ng tiep tuyen vi parabol nay, biet rang cac tiep tuyen o i qua
M(5/2, 6).
Giai:
*
Phng trnh ng thang (d) qua M he so goc K:
(d2)
y = K x - + 6
(d) tiep xuc (P) khi he sau co nghiem:
2
4x - x = K x - + 6
2
4 - 2x = K
(1)
(d1)
M
S1
S2
(2)
(P)
The (2) vao (1) ta c:

5
4x - x 2 = (4 - 2x)(x - ) + 6
2
B
4
2 5/2
x = 1 K = 1
x 2 - 5x + 4 = 0
x = 4 K = -4
*
Vay co 2 phng trnh tiep tuyen la: (d1 ) :y = 2x + 1; (d 2 ) : y = -4x + 16

S = S1 + S2 =
5/2
(2x + 1 - 4x + x
)dx +
(-4x + 16 - 4x + x
)dx = ... =
5/ 2
9
(vdt).
4
V du 8 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch gii han bi cac ng: y = x 2 - 4x + 3 va y = 3.

Giai:
*
Ve o th (C): y = f(x) = x 2 - 4x + 3
f(x), f(x) 0
* Xet o th (C) : y = f(x) =
-f(x), f(x) < 0
*
T o th (C) ta suy ra o th (C) nh sau:

+ Gi nguyen phan o th (C) nam tren Ox
+ Lay oi xng phan o th (C) nam di Ox qua truc hoanh
o th (C) la hp cua 2 phan tren

Trang 139
y
(C)
3
0 1
1
3 4
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
* ng thang y = 3 cat (C) tai A(0 ; 3), B(4 ; 3).

* Goi S la dien tch hnh phang can tm.
* Do tnh oi xng nen ta co:
S = 2(S1 + S2 )
2
2
1
2
= 2. (3 - x - 4x + 3 )dx = 2 [3 - (x - 4x + 3)]dx + [3 - ( -x 2 + 4x - 3)]dx
0
1
0
...............
= 8 (vdt)
2
Bang xet dau:

x
x24x+3
0
+
1
0
Trang 140
3
0
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
BAI TAP
Bai 1. Cho Parabol (P): y = x 2 - 4x + 3 va ng thang (d) : y = x 1.
Tnh dien tch gii han bi:
a/ (P) va truc Ox;
b/ (P), truc Ox va truc Oy;
c/ (P), truc Ox, x = 2 va x = 4;
d/ (P) va (d);
e/ (P), (d), x = 0 va x = 2.
4
4
9
b/ ;
c/ 2;
d/ ;
S: a/ ;
3
3
2
Bai 2. Tnh dien tch gii han bi cac ng:
1
a/ (C) : y = x + 2 , tiem can xien cua (C), x = 1 va x = 3;
2x
5
b/ y = x(x + 1) , truc Ox, truc Oy va x = 1;
e/ 3.
c/ 2(y - 1)2 = x va (y - 1)2 = x - 1 ;

d/ y = x 2 - 2x + 2, y = x 2 + 4x + 5 y = x 2 - 4x + 3 va y = 1;
x2
1
8
e/ y = , y = , y = (vi x > 0).
8
x
x
1
418
4
9
b/
;
c/ ;
d/ ;
e/ 7ln2.
S: a/ ;
3
35
3
4
Bai 3. Tnh dien tch gii han bi:
a/ (C) : y = x 2 - 2x va tiep tuyen vi (C) tai O(0 ; 0) va A(3 ; 3) tren (C).
b/ (C) : y = x 3 - 2x 2 + 4x - 3, y = 0 va tiep tuyen vi (C) tai tiep iem co hoanh
o x = 2.
9
;
S: a/
4
b/
5
.
48
Bai 4. Cho Parabol (P): y2 = x va ng tron (C) : x 2 + y2 - 4x +
9
= 0.
4
a/ Chng to (P) va (C) tiep xuc nhau tai A va B.

b/ Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (P) va cac tiep tuyen chung tai A va B.
3 6
6
6 3
6
6
6
6
S: a/ A ;
x+
; B ; x.
b/
.
; y =
; y = 2 2
6
4
2
2
6
4
2
Bai 5. ng thang (d): x 3y + 5 = 0 chia ng tron (C): x 2 + y2 = 5 thanh hai phan,
tnh dien tch moi phan.
5p 5
15p 5
S: S1 =
- ; S2 =
+ .
4 2
4
2
Bai 6. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng
a/ y = x 2 , y = x.
b/ x - y3 + 1 = 0; x + y - 1 = 0.
c/ x 2 + y2 = 8; y2 = 2x.
d/ y = 2 - x 2 ; y3 = x 2 .
Trang 141
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
e/ y =
S: a/
1 - x4
; x = 0; x =
1
;
3
b/
1
.
2
5
;
4
4
c/ 2 p + ;
3
d/
32
;
15
e/
p
.
12
Bai 7. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/ y = x.ex ; y = 0; x = -1; x = 2.
b/ y = x.ln 2 x; y = 0; x = 1; x = e.
c/ y = e x ; y = e- x ; x = 1.
d/ y = 5x -2 ; y = 0; x = 0; y = 3 - x.
e/ y = (x + 1)5 ; y = ex ; x = 1.
S: a/ e2 -
2
+ 2;
3
24
1
+ ;
25ln 5 2
d/
b/
1 2
(e - 1);
4
e/
23
- e.
2
c/ e +
1
- 2;
2
a/ y =
x2
+ 2x va y = x + 4;
2
b/ y = - x 2 + 2 x + 3 va 3x + 5y - 9 = 0;
c/ y =
x
va y = 0; x = 1; x = 2;
x +1
d/ y = ln x ; y = 0; x =
S: a/
26
;
3
b/
55
;
6
2
c/ 1 - ln ;
3
1
va x = e.
e
2
d/ 2 - .
e
a/ y = sin x + cos2 x, cac truc toa o va x = p;
b/ y = sin 2 x + sin x + 1, cac truc toa o va x =
p
.
2
c/ y = x + sin x; y = x; x = 0; x = 2 p.
d/ y = x + sin 2 x; y = p;x = 0; x = p.
p
S: a/ 2 + ;
2
b/ 1 +
3p
;
2
c/ 4;
d/
p
.
2
Bai 10. Dien tch gii han bi cac ng thang x = 1; x = 2; y = 0 va Parabol (P) bang
15. Tm phng trnh cua (P), biet (P) co nh la I(1 ; 2).
S: y = 3x 2 - 6x + 5.
x 2 + 2x - 3
Bai 11. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (C): y =
, tien can xien
x+2
x = 0 va x = m > 0. Tm gii han cua dien tch nay khi m + .
m+2
S: S = 3ln
; lim S = +.
2 m +
Trang 142
Tran S Tung
Bai 12. Cho (H): y =
Tch phan
2x
.
x -1
a/ Chng minh rang hnh phang c gii han bi (H), tiem can ngang va cac
ng thang x = a + 1; x = 2a + 1 co dien tch khong phu thuoc vao tham so a
dng.
b/ Lap phng trnh tiep tuyen (d) cua (H) tai goc toa o. Tnh dien tch hnh
phang gii han bi (H), (d) va ng thang x = 2.
S: a/ 2ln2;
b/ 2ln3.
Bai 13. Cho Parabol (P) : y = x2. Hai iem A va B di ong tren (P) sao cho AB = 2.
a/ Tm tap hp trung iem I cua AB
b/ Xac nh v tr cua A, B sao cho dien tch cua phan mat phang gii han bi (P)
va cat tuyen AB at gia tr ln nhat.
S: a/ y = x 2 +
1
;
1 + 4x 2
b/ max S = 1; A( -1; 1);B(1; 1).
1
Bai 14. ng thang (D) i qua iem M ; 1 va cac ban knh truc dng Ox, Oy lap
2
thanh mot tam giac. Xac nh (D) e dien tch tam giac co gia tr nho nhat va tnh
gia tr o.
S: (D) : y = -2x + 2.
Bai 15. Cho Parabol (P): y = x2. Viet phng trnh ng thang (d) i qua I(1 ; 3) sao cho
dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (d) va (P) at gia tr nho nhat.
S: y = 2x + 1.
Bai 16. Tren Parabol (P) : y = x 2 lay hai iem A(1 ; 1) va B(3 ; 3). Tm iem M tren
cua (P) sao cho tam giac MAB co dien tch ln nhat.
cung AB
1 1
S: M ;
3 9
Bai 17. Xet hnh (H) gii han bi ng tron (C): y = x 2 + 1 va cac ng thang
y = 0; x = 0; x = 1. Tiep tuyen tai iem nao cua (C) se cat t (H) ra mot hnh thang
co dien tch ln nhat.
5
1 5
S: max S = ; M ; .
4
2 4
Trang 143
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
Bai 2: THE TCH VAT TRON XOAY

Chu y: Khi tm the tch cua vat the tron xoay ta can xac nh:
* Mien hnh phang (H) sinh ra. ((H) gii han bi 4 ng: x =..., x = ..., y = ..., y = ...)
* (H) quay quanh truc Ox hoac truc Oy e ta dung cong thc thch hp.
Neu (H) quay quanh truc Ox th ham di dau tch phan la y = f(x), bien x va hai can
la x. Neu (H) quay quanh truc Oy th ham di dau tch phan la x = f(y), bien y va hai
can la y.
Van e 1: The tch vat tron xoay do hnh phang (H) gii han bi 4 ng:
(C) :y = f(x); y = 0; x = a;x = b (a < b) sinh ra khi quay quanh truc Ox c tnh bi cong
thc:
b
V = p y .dx = p [d(x)]2 .dx

2
(C)
(H)
(C)
(H)
Dien tch: S = f(x) .dx
The tch: V = p [f(x)]2 .dx
(C) :x = f(y), x = 0, y = a, y = b (a < b) sinh ra khi quay quanh truc Oy c tnh bi cong
thc:
b
V = p x 2 .dy = p [f(y)]2 .dy

y
(C)
(C)
(H)
a
b
Dien tch: S = f(y) dy.
The tch: V = p [f(y)]2 .dy
Trang 144
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
(C1 ) : y = f(x), (C2 ) : y = g(x), x = a, x = b (a < b) vi f(x) va g(x) cung dau) sinh ra khi
quay quanh truc Ox c tnh bi:
b
V = p f 2 (x) - g 2 (x) .dx
(3)
* f(x) va g(x) cung dau co ngha la hai phan o th cung nam mot pha oi vi truc Ox,
vi moi x oan [a; b].
*
e bo dau | | trong cong thc (3) ta chu y cac trng hp sau:

y
TH1: (C1 ) (C2 ) = va f(x) > g(x) 0, "x [a; b]:

b
(C1)
y
(C2)
(H)
(3) V = p [f 2 (x) - g 2 (x)].dx

a
TH2: (C1 ) (C2 ) = va f(x) < g(x) 0, "x [a; b]:
(3) V = p [f 2 (x) - g 2 (x)].dx
x
(C2)
(Cy )
(H)
TH3: (C1 ) cat (C2 ) tai 2 iem A, B co hoanh o
x = a, x = b va d(x) > g(x) 0, "x [a; b]:
(H)
B (C2)
(3) V = p [f 2 (x) - g 2 (x)].dx
TH4: (C1 ) cat (C2 ) tai 2 iem A, B co hoanh o

x = a va f(x) < g(x) 0, "x [a; b]:
b
(3) V = p [f 2 (x) - g 2 (x)].dx

a
Trang 145
b
(C1)
y
a
(C1)
x
A
(H)
(C2)
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
TH5: (C1 ) cat (C2 ) tai 3 iem A, B, C, trong o xA = a
xB = b, xC = c vi a < c < b nh hnh ben:

(3) V = V1 + V2
c
(C1)
B
V1
V2
= p [f 2 (x) - g2 (x)]dx + p [g2 (x) - f 2 (x)]dx.
(C2)
a
(C1 ) : x = f(y), (C2 ) : x = g(y), y = a, y = b (a < b) vi f(y) va g(y) cung dau) sinh ra khi
quay quanh truc Oy c tnh bi:
b
V = p f 2 (y) - g 2 (x) .dy
(4)
TH1: (C1 ) (C 2 ) = va x1 = f(y) > x 2 = g(y) 0,

vi moi y [a; b].
b
C2
b
x2
(4) V = p [f (y) - g (y)].dy

2
C1
(H)
x1
0
y
TH3: (C1 ) cat (C2 ) tai 2 iem A, B co tung o

y A = a < yB = b va x1 = f(y) > x 2 = g(y) 0,
C2
C1
vi moi y [a; b].
b
x2
(4) V = p [f 2 (y) - g 2 (y)].dy
(H)
x1
A
x
* Cac TH2, TH4 va TH5 thc hien tng t nh van e 3.

V du 1: Xet hnh phang gii han bi (P) : y2 = 8x va ng thang x = 2. Tnh the tch
khoi tron xoay khi quay hnh phang noi tren:
a/ quanh truc hoanh
b/ quanh truc tung.
Giai:
a/ (P): y 2 = 8x (P) : y = 8x (x 0)
The tch V khoi tron xoay sinh ra khi quay hnh phang gii han bi (P) va x = 2 quanh
truc Ox la:
Trang 146
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
V = p y 2 .dx = p 8x.dx = 16 p (vtt).
(P)
4
1
b/ (P) : y = 8x x = y 2
8
2
The tch V khoi ... quanh truc tung la:

4
1
899 p
1
V = p 2 - y2 du = p 2 2 - y 4 dy = ... =
(vtt).
64
32
8
-1
-4
2
x=2
V du 2: Goi (H) la hnh phang gii han bi truc hoanh va parabol (p) : y = 2x - x 2 . Tnh
the tch cua khoi tron xoay khi cho (H)
a/ quay quanh truc hoanh
b/ quay quanh truc tung.
Giai:
a/ The tch V khoi tron xoay khi quay (H) quanh truc hoanh la:
2
V = p y .dx = p (2x - x 2 )2 dx = ... =

2
16 p
(vtt).
15
y
1
b/ (P) : y = 2x - x 2 x 2 - 2x + y = 0 (1)
D' = 1- y 0 0 y 1
(P)
x1
x2
(H)
x1 = 1 - 1 - y , (0 x1 1)
(1)
x 2 = 1 + 1 - y, (1 x 2 2)
The tch V khoi tron xoay khi quay (H) quanh truc tung la:
1
V = p (x - x )dy = p (x 2 + x1 )(x 2 - x1 )dy = p 2(2 1 - y )dy = ... =

2
2
2
1
8p
.
3
x2
+ y 2 = 1 quay quanh truc hoanh. Tnh the tch cua
4
khoi tron xoay c tao nen.
V du 3: Cho hnh gii han elip:
Giai:
x2
x2
1
2
2
(E) :
+ y = 1 y = 1 y=
4 - x 2 , (| x | 2)
4
4
2
The tch V khoi tron xoay can tm la:
2
V = p y 2 .dx =
-2
p
8p
(4 - x 2 ).dx = ... =
(vtt).
4 -2
3
1
2
V du 4: Goi (D) la mien kn gii han bi cac ng: y = x, y = 2 - x va y = 0.

Tnh the tch vat the tron xoay khi quay (D) quanh truc Oy.
Giai:
Trang 147
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
y = x x = x1 = 2
y = 2 - x x = x 2 = 2 - y.
The tch vat the tron xoay

khi quay (D) quanh truc Oy la:
1
y
2
1
V = p (x - x )dy = p [(2 - y)2 - (y 2 )2 ]

2
2
2
1
y= x
A
1
y = 2-x
32 p
=
(vtt).
15
BAI TAP
Bai 18. Tnh vat the tron xoay sinh ra bi phep quay quanh truc Ox cua mien (D) gii han
bi cac ng:
a/ y = lnx; y = 0; x = 2.
b/ x 2 + y - 5 = 0; x + y - 3 = 0.
c/ y = x 2 ; y = x.
d/ y = x 2 - 4x + 6; y = -x 2 - 2x + 6.
e/ y = x(x - 1)2 .
f/ y = x.e x ; x = 1; y = 0 (0 x 1)
g/ y = e x ; y =- x + 2 ; x = 0; x = 2.
h/ y = x ln(1 + x 3 ); x = 1.
i/
(P) : y = x 2 (x > 0), y = -3x + 10; y = 1 (mien (D)) nam ngoai (P)).
p
k/ y = cos 4 x + sin 4 x; y = 0; x = ; x = p.
2
153p
3p
S: a/ 2 p(ln 2 - 1)2 ;
b/
;
c/
;
5
10
d/ 3p
p
e/
.
105
g/ p(e2 - 1)2 ;
h/
p
(2 ln 2 - 1).
3
f/
p(e2 - 1)
;
4
i/
56 p
.
5
k/
3 p2
.
8
Bai 19. Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao thanh do quay xung quanh truc oy hnh
phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/ y = x 2 ; y = 1; y = 2. .
b/ y = x 2 ; x = y2 .
c/ ng tron tam I(3 ; 0), ban knh R = 2.

3p
3p
S: a/
;
b/
;
c/ 24 p2 .
2
10
1
Bai 20. Xet hnh (H) gii han bi ng cong y = ; truc Ox; x = 1 va x = t
x
a/ Tnh dien tch S(t) cua (H) va the tch V(t) sinh bi (H) khi quay quanh Ox.
b/ Tnh: lim S(t) va lim V(t).
t +
t +
Trang 148
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
p
S: a/ S(t) = ln t; V(t) = p - ;
t
b/ lim S(t) = +; lim V(t) = p

t +
t +
Bai 21. Cho mien (D) gii han bi ng tron (C): x 2 + y2 = 8 va parabol (p): y2 = 2x.
a/ Tnh dien tch S cua (D).
b/ Tnh the tch V sinh bi (D) khi quay quanh Ox.
S: a/
4
- 2 p.
3
b/
4p
(8 2 - 7).
3
Bai 22. Tnh the tch vat the gii han bi cac mat tao nen khi quay cac ng:
x
a/ y = b
a
2/3
(0 x a) quanh truc Ox.
b/ y = sin x; y = 0 (0 x p)
a/ quanh truc Ox
b/ quanh truc Oy.
x
x
c/ y = b ; y = b
a
a
a/ quanh truc Ox.
b/ Quanh truc Oy.
d/ y = e - x ; y = 0 (0 x < +) quanh truc Ox va Oy.

S: a/
3
pab 2 ;
7
p2
b/ a / Vx = ;
2
b / Vy = 2 p2 .
4
c/ a / Vx = pab 2 ;
15
pab 2
b / Vy =
.
6
p
d/ a / Vx = ;
2
b / Vy = 2p.
Trang 149
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
ON TAP TCH PHAN

a/
2 + x .dx;
x2 - 1
dx;
x
b/
-2
c/
d/
x 2 dx
e/ 2
;
2
0 (x + 1)
g/
f/
4 - x2
dx
(1 + x 2 )3
p/ 4
x
dx;
cos2 x
p/ 4
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
h/
dx;
3x + 1
-p / 4
.cos xdx;
i/
x 2dx
p/ 2
cos2x.dx
sin x + cos x + 2 ;
0
k/
5 p / 12
p / 12
8
(4 - 2);
3
1 1
e/ - + ln 2;
4 4
dx
;
sin 2x + 2 3 cos2 x + 2 - 3
p
3
p
2
;
c/
3- ;
d/
;
3 2
3
2
p
2
1 p/ 2
3p
f/ + ln
;
g/
(e - 1);
h/
;
4
2
2
16
3
i/ 2ln3 2;
k/
.
4
1
-2)x + 1), x 0
.
Tm
gia
tr
K
e
Bai 2. Biet f(x) =
f(x).dx = 1.
2
K(1
x
),
x
>
0
-1
S: a/
b/
S: K = 3.
Bai 3. a/ Cho ham so f(x) =
e 2x
t.ln t.dt. Tm hoanh o iem cc ai x.
ex
2x
sin t
3p
b/ Tm gia tr x 0;
e
ha
m
so
f(x)
=
t dt at cc ai.
2
x
S: a/ x = - ln 2.
b/ x =
p
.
3
2t + 1
dt, - 1 x 1.
t
2t
+
2
0
Bai 4. Cho ham so f(x) =
Tm gia tr ln nhat va gia tr nho nhat cua ham so f.

1
S: a/ min f = f - ;
b/ max f = f(1).
2
x
Bai 5. Cho ham so f(x) = (t - 1)(t - 2)2 dt. Tm iem cc tr va iem uon cua o th f.
0
Trang 150
Tran S Tung
Tch phan
17
4 4 112
S: CT : 1; - ; .Uon : 2; - ; ;
12
3 3 81
Bai 6. ng thang (D): x 3y + 5 = 0 chia ng tron (C) : x 2 + y2 = 5 thanh 2 phan,
tnh dien tch cua moi phan.
S: S1 =
5p 5
- ;
4 2
S2 =
15p 5
+ .
4
2
1
Bai 7. Xet hnh phang (H) gii han bi ng cong (C): y = ; y = 0 ; x = 1; x = 2. Tm
x
toa o iem M tren (C) ma tiep tuyen tai M se cat t (H) ra mot hnh thang co
dien tch ln nhat.
3 2
S: M ; .
2 3
Bai 8. Cho iem A thuoc (P): y = x2, (A khac goc O); (D) la phap tuyen tai A cua (P)
((D) vuong goc vi tiep tuyen tai A vi (P)). nh v tr cua A e dien tch gii
han nh bi (P) va (D) la nho nhat.
4
1 1
1 1
S: min S = ; A ; hay A - ; .
3
2 4
2 4
x 2 y2
=1
Bai 9. Cho hnh (H) gii han bi: 16 4
.
x = 4 2
Tnh the tch sinh ra khi (H) quay quanh Oy.

S:
128p
.
3
y = ax 2 , a > 0
Bai 10. Cho hnh (H) gii han bi:
.
y
=
bx,
b
>
0
Quay hnh (H) goc phan t th hai cua he toa o quanh truc Ox. Tm he thc
gia a va b e the tch khoi tron xoay sinh ra la hang so, khong phu thuoc vao a
va b.
S: b5 = K.a3, vi K la hang so dng bat ky.
y = x 2 - 4x + 3 , y = x + 3.
(e thi chung cua Bo GDTkhoi A_2002)
109
(vdt).
6
S:
x2
x2
y = 4va y =
.
4
4 2
(e thi chung cua Bo GDT khoi B _ 2002)
Trang 151
Tch phan
Tran S Tung
S: 2 p +
4
(vdt).
3
-3x - 1
va hai truc
x -1
(e thi.......................................... khoi D_2002)
Bai 13. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi ng cong (C): y =
toa o.
S: 1 + 4 ln
4
(vdt).
3
Bai 14. Tnh tch phan I =
2 3
S:
p/2
S:
x x +4
(e thi.......................................... khoi A_2003)
1 5
ln .
4 3
dx
1 - 2sin 2 x
dx.
1 + sin 2x
(e thi.......................................... khoi B_2003)
1
ln 2.
2
2
Bai 16. Tnh tch phan I = x 2 - x dx.

0
(e thi.......................................... khoi D_2003)

S: 1.
S:
x
1 + x + 1 dx.
1
(e thi.......................................... khoi A_2004)
11
- 4 ln 2.
3
S:
1 + 3 ln x.ln x
dx
x
(e thi.......................................... khoi B_2004)
116
.
135
3
Bai 19. Tnh tch phan I = ln(x 2 - x)dx.

2
(e thi.......................................... khoi D_2004)

S: 3ln3 2.
Trang 152

Chuyen de Toan Gioi Han Dao Ham Vi Phan

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Chuyn ton hc : gii hn, o hm,

Nhac lai Gii han ao ham Vi phan

2. Bang ao ham cac ham so s cap c ban va cac he qua:

(ax )' = a x .ln a

NGUYEN HAM VA TCH PHAN

( f(x)dx ) ' = f(x)

4. S ton tai nguyen ham:

BANG CAC NGUYEN HAM

cos xdx = sin x + C

cos udu = sin u + C

sin xdx = - cos x + C

sin udu = - cos u + C

= (1 + cot g 2 x)dx = - cot gx + C

cos(ax + b)dx = a sin(ax + b) + C

= (1 + cot g 2 u)du = - cot gu + C

Van e 1: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG NH NGHA

+ Bc 2: Chng to rang F '(a + ) = f(a)

V du 1: CMR ham so: F(x) = ln(x + x 2 + a) vi a > 0

la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) =

ao ham ben trai cua ham so tai iem x0 = 0.

ao ham ben phai cua ham so tai iem x0 = 0.

Nhan xet rang F '(0 - ) = F '(0 + ) = 1 F '(0) = 1.

Bai toan 3: Tm hang so tch phan

Dung cong thc a hoc, tm nguyen ham: F(x) = G(x) + C

Da vao e bai a cho e tm hang so C.

ao ham ben trai cua ham so y = F(x) tai iem x = 1.

ao ham ben phai cua ham so y = f(x) tai iem x0 = 0.

Ham so y = F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1 F '(1- ) = F '(1+ ) a = 2.

Thay (2) vao (1), ta c b = 1.

Vay F(x) = (x 2 - 3x + 2)e-2x .

Bai 2. Chng to rang ham so F(x) =

Tnh nguyen ham F(x) cua f(x) =

Tm nguyen ham F(x) cua f(x) = sin 2

Xac nh cac hang so a, b, c sao cho ham so:

Tm nguyen ham G(x) cua f(x) vi G(2) = 0.

b/ G(x) = (4x 2 - 2x + 10) 2x - 3 - 22.

Van e 2: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG VIEC S DUNG BANG

CAC NGUYEN HAM C BAN

f(ax + b)dx = a F(ax + b) + C vi a 0.

V du 1: CMR , neu f(x)dx = F(x) + C th

f(ax + b)dx = a (ax + b)d(ax + b) a F(ax + b) + C (pcm) .

f(t)dt = F(t) + C f(u)du = F(u) + C, vi u = u(x)

b/ cos4 x.sin xdx

b/ Ta co: cos4 x.sin xdx = - cos 4 xd(cos x) = c/ Ta co:

b/ Ta co: cot g 2 xdx = 2 - 1 dx = - cot gx - x + C

V du 4: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:

Bai 7. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :

Bai 8. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :

Van e 3: XAC NH NGUYEN HAM BANG PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH

Vi f(x) = (x 3 - 2)2 th viet lai f(x) = x 6 - 4x 3 + 4.

Vi f(x) = (2 x - 3x )2 th viet lai f(x) = 4 x - 2.6 x + 9 x.

Vi f(x) = 8 cos3 x.sin x th viet lai f(x) = 2(cos3x + 3cos x).sin x

= 2 cos3x.sin x + 6 cos x.sin x = sin 4x - sin 2x + 3sin 2x = sin 4x + 2 sin 2x.

o ch la mot vai minh hoa mang tnh ien hnh.

Tong quat: Tnh tch phan bat nh:

I = x(ax + b)a dx, vi a 0

V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =

1 (ax + b)a+ 2 (ax + b)a+1

V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =

Kh tnh vo t mau so bang cach truc can thc, ta c:

V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I =

S dung ong nhat thc: sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1,

Bai 10. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:

a/ (sin x + cos x)2 ;