CHAPTER II

TWO-WAY EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS

2.1. Data and specifications
A concrete floor type two-way edge supported slab is considered as a part of a
building. The sizes of the slab are (9.0m x 22.5 m) with two spans (L) of 4.5 m and five
longitudinal spans (T) of 4.5 m. The floor is realized of concrete C20/25, the steel type
PC 52. The finish is realized of mosaic (30 mm depth) on a layer of cement plaster of 30
mm depth.
The live load is considered: pk = 4000 N/m2.
Fire resistance 60 minutes R60.
Exposure class to environmental conditions XC1
Concrete C20/25.
Steel type PC52.
For concrete C20/25 the design strength in compression, using relation 2.11 and
Table 2.1:
f cd cc

f ck
20
1
13.33 N/mm2
c
1.5

Tensile strength is obtained with the relation:

f
1.5
f ctd ct ctk 0.05 1
1 N/mm2
c
1.5
f ctm 2.2 N/mm2
Steel reinforcement type PC52

For 28mm f yk 345 N/mm2

For 14mm

f yd

f yk 355 N/mm2

2.2. Slab computation

2.2.1. Geometrical data of slab
L= 4.5 m
T=4.5m
Fig. 2.2.
It must arrange the beams in such way that the ratio:
l
1 1 .5
l2

345
300 N/mm2
1.15

f yd

355
309 N/mm2
1.15

4.5
= 1.00 < 1.5
4.5

In this case the slab is reinforced on two directions.

The depth of the slab must respect the following conditions:
hf

l
4 .5

0.1125 m
40 40

If the variable action is big, the depth of the slab can be increased, so:
hf = 150 mm
2.2.2. Preliminary sizing of beams
For beams, the minimum depth is:
hmin

1
1
l
9.0 = 0.45 m
20
20

For establishing the width of beams, it must respect the condition:

h
h 0.60
2...3 , so b
= 0.300 m
b
2
2

One chooses b = 300 mm.

The sizes of the beam are : b=300 mm; h= 600 mm
2.2.3. Span
For establishing the spans the provisions are given in Appendix II.
l eff l n a1 a 2

t h
300 150
; min
;
75mm
2
2
2

a1, x a 2, x a1, y a 2, y min

t b;
h hf

Fig.....
300 300

4200mm
2
2
4200 75 75 4350 mm

l ny l nx , 4500
l eff , x l eff , y

l eff , y / l eff , x 4350 / 4350 1

For 1 the resistant reinforcement is on two directions

2.2.5. Loads
Table 2.1.
Characteristic value
N/m2

Type of loads
A. Dead loads
- slab weight
hp b 1.0 1.0 =

ni

Design values
N/m2

0.150 25000 1.0 1.0

1.1
=
2
= 3750 N/m

4125

1000 N/m2 1.3

1300

- mosaic weight
(hmosaic = 30 mm)
- plaster weight
(hplaster = 30 mm)
hplaster plaster 1.0 1.0 =

0.030 21000 1.0 1.0

820
= 630 N/m2 1.3
n
TOTAL DEAD LOAD g = 3750 + 1000 + 630
g = 4125 + 1300 + 820
= 5380
= 6245

B. Live load
pn = 4000 N/m2
pn = 4000
TOTAL LOAD qn = gn + pn = 5380 +
4000 = 9380

1.3

p = 5200
q = g + p = 6245 +
5200 = 11445

2.2.6. Statical computation The computation is made in elastic domain

Determination of moments
Maximum negative edge moments are obtained when both panels adjacent to the
particular edge carry full dead and live load.
For positive moments there will be little, if any rotation at the continuous edges if
dead load alone is acting, because the loads on both adjacent panels tend to produce
opposite rotations which cancel, or nearly so. For this condition, the continuous edge can
be regarded as fixed. On the other hand, the maximum live load moments are obtained
when live load is placed only on the particular panel and not on any of adjacent panels. In
this case, some rotation will occur at all continuous edges.
If we consider a unit strip from the slab (Fig. 2), charged with g + p that can be
replaced with q and q,
q' g

p
2

q"

p
2

Fig. 2
The interior supports can be considered fixed and the external span is fixed at one
edge and simple supported at the external edge.
Under the action of q, the rotations on the interior supports can be considered
equal to zero.
Under the action of load q, the rotations are free at all supports; the strip can be
considered as beam simple supported (Fig. 3).
So, for the load q the panels can be considered like single panels with
corresponding edges (continuous or discontinuous) (Fig. 4).
Clear spans and static schemes (elastic domain)
Direction 1

Fig.3a

Fig. 4.a.

Fig. 4.b.
Direction 2

Fig. 3.b.
For the load q, the panels are simple supported at all four edges (Fig. 4.b).
One uses the coefficients method, which makes use of tables of moment
coefficients for a variety of conditions. These coefficients are based on elastic analysis,
but also account for inelastic redistribution.

In consequence, the design moment in either direction is smaller by an appropriate

amount than the elastic maximum moment in that direction.
2
M x i q l eff
M y i q l eff

i, i tabulated moment coefficients

q uniform load
leff, length of span in both directions.
A system of beams supports the slab; some panels, such as (4), have two
discontinuous exterior edges, while the other edges are continuous with their neighbors.
Panel (5) has one edge discontinuous and three continuous edges, the interior panel
(6) has all edges continuous, and so on. At a continuous edge in a slab, moments are
negative; also the magnitude of the positive moments depends on the conditions of
continuity at all four edges.
The maximum and minimum moments at midspan on the two directions can be
determined as the sum of the moments given by q and q that act on the single panels, in
function of the ratio:
l
2
l
q' g

p
5200
6245
= 8845 N/m2
2
2

q"

p
2

2600

N/m2

The coefficients and for determining the bending moments Mx, My and on
supports are given in Tables ...
l
4.5.0
2
1.0
l1
4.5
A. Moments for panels
Panel type (1)
1 = 0.03646
Panel type (4)
4 = 0.02692
Panel type (5)
5 = 0.02268
5 = 0.01977
(A) Positive moments
Panel type (4)

Mx M

4 q 'l eff

1 q"l eff

=
= 0,02692 8845 4.352 +0.03646 2600 4.352 = 6299.4 Nm
Panel type (5)

M
=

5 q 'l eff

1 q"l eff

= 0,02268 8845 4.352 0.03646 2600 4.352 = 5590 Nm

M
=

5 q 'l eff

1 q"l eff

= 0.01977 8845 4.352 0.03646 2600 4.352 = 5103 Nm

(B) Moment on supports

For determining bending moments on supports for continuous slabs supported on
perimeter under uniform loads it can use the following relations (according to STAS )
(Fig. 4a)
1
1
2
5 q l eff 0.5 11445 4.35 2 = 10829 Nm
10
10
1
1
2
M b 5 q l eff 0.5 11445 4.35 2 = 9024 Nm
12
12
1
1
2
M c 5 q l eff 0.5 11445 4.35 2 = 13536 Nm
8
8
1
1
2
M d 1 6 q l eff 1 0.5 11445 4.35 2 = 10829 Nm
10
10
Ma

Steel design
The slab is reinforced on both directions, so it must determine the effective depth
on two directions:
d x h f c nom s1x / 2
d y h f s1 x s1 y / 2

s 10mm

cmin max 15 5 10mm

10mm

c nom c min ctot 10 10 20mm

d x 150 20 10 / 2 125mm

d y 150 20 10 10 / 2 115 mm

From the fire resistance conditions, Table 6.6-Kiss the minimum distance to the
centroid of resistant steel is amin=10 mm. For a diameter of 10 mm the effective distance
to the centroid is:
a eff c nom ,eff s / 2 20 10 / 2 25mm a min 10mm

The necessary steel areas are:

Span of panel 4:

M x M y 6.299kNm

Mx
6.299 10 6

0.0302 x 0.033
b d x2 f cd 10 3 125 2 13.33

As , x x b d x

f cd
13.33
0.033 10 3 125
177.9mm 2 / m
f yd
309

One chooses constructive steel: 36 + 38 / m (As = 236 mm2/m)

y

My
b d y2 f cd

As , y y b d y

6.299 10 6
0.0357 y 0.0359
10 3 115 2 13.33

f cd
13.33
0.0359 10 3 115
178.1mm 2 / m
f yd
309

One chooses constructive steel: 36 + 38 / m (As = 236 mm2/m)

Span of panel 5
5.59 10 6
0.0268 x 0.026
10 3 125 2 13.33

As , x 0.026 10 3 125

13.33
140.2mm 2 / m
309

One chooses constructive steel: 36 + 38 / m (As = 236 mm2/m)

5.103 10 6
y 3
0.0289 y 0.0292
10 115 2 13.33
As , y 0.0292 10 3 115

13.33
144.8mm 2 / m
309

One chooses constructive steel: 36 + 38 / m (As = 236 mm2/m)

On supports

d x d y 125mm

a d

Ma
10.829 10 6

0.052 y 0.054
b d x2 f cd 10 3 125 2 13.33

As , a 0.054 10 3 125

13.33
291.19mm 2 / m
309

One chooses: 68 / m (As = 302 mm2/m)

9.024 10 6
b 3
0.0433 y 0.044
10 125 2 13.33
As ,b 0.044 10 3 125

13.33
237.2mm 2 / m
309

One chooses constructive steel: 36 + 38 / m (As = 236 mm2/m)

13.536 10 6
c 3
0.0649 y 0.067
10 125 2 13.33
As ,c 0.067 10 3 125

13.33
361.2mm 2 / m
309

One chooses: 38 + 310 / m (As = 386 mm2/m)

The reinforcement arrangement is presented in sketch.............