Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
CONTRACT NO: ..
TENDER DOCUMENTS
VOLUME 1 OF 3- BIDDING PROCEDURES
MAY 2012
EMPLOYER:
MANAGING DIRECTOR
COAST DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
P.O BOX 1322 80100
MOMBASA
ENGINEER:
ENGINEER IN CHARGE
COAST DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
P.O BOX 1322 80100
MOMBASA
Table of Contents
Volume I Bidding Procedures ............................................................................................. 1
Section I. Instructions to Bidders ................................................................................. 1
Section II. Bid Data Sheet .......................................................................................... 23
Section III. Evaluation and Qualification Criteria (Following Prequalification)....... 27
Section III. Evaluation and Qualification Criteria (Without Prequalification) ......... 31
Section IV. Bidding Forms ......................................................................................... 44
Section V. Eligible Countries ..................................................................................... 68
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Bid Security......................................................................................................11
20.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Confidentiality .................................................................................................16
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Evaluation of Bids............................................................................................18
35.
36.
37.
Employers Right to Accept Any Bid, and to Reject Any or All Bids .............19
39.
40.
41.
Scope
of Bid
1.1
In connection with the Invitation for Bids indicated in the Bid Data
Sheet (BDS), the Employer, as indicated in the BDS, issues these
Bidding Documents for the procurement of Works as specified in
Section VI, Works Requirements. The name, identification, and
number of lots (contracts) of the International Competitive Bidding
(ICB) are provided in the BDS.
3. Corrupt
Practices
2.1
2.2
3.1
4. Eligible
Bidders
3.2
Furthermore, Bidders shall be aware of the provision stated in SubClause 15.6 of the Particular Conditions.
4.1
Includes World Bank staff and employees of other organizations taking or reviewing procurement decisions.
A Bidder, and all partners constituting the Bidder, may have the
nationality of any country as defined under the Guidelines:
Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits (hereinafter referred
to as the Guidelines), subject to the restrictions specified in Section
V, Eligible Countries. A Bidder shall be deemed to have the
nationality of a country if the Bidder is a citizen or is constituted,
incorporated, or registered and operates in conformity with the
provisions of the laws of that country. This criterion shall also apply
to the determination of the nationality of proposed subcontractors or
suppliers for any part of the Contract including related Services.
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
Eligible
Materials,
Equipment,
and Services
5.1
5.2
For purposes of ITB 5.1 above, origin means the place where the
materials and equipment are mined, grown, produced or
manufactured, and from which the services are provided. Materials
and equipment are produced when, through manufacturing,
processing, or substantial or major assembling of components, a
commercially recognized product results that is substantially in its
basic characteristics or in purpose or utility from its components.
6.1
The Bidding Documents consist of Parts 1, 2, and 3, which include all the
Sections indicated below, and should be read in conjunction with any Addenda
issued in accordance with ITB 8.
PART 1
Bidding Procedures
Works Requirements
7. Clarification
of Bidding
Document,
Site Visit, PreBid Meeting
6.2
The Invitation for Bids issued by the Employer is not part of the Bidding
Document.
6.3
6.4
7.1
7.2
The Bidder is advised to visit and examine the Site of Works and its
surroundings and obtain for itself on its own responsibility all information
that may be necessary for preparing the bid and entering into a contract for
construction of the Works. The costs of visiting the Site shall be at the
Bidders own expense.
8. Amendment
of Bidding
Document
7.3
The Bidder and any of its personnel or agents will be granted permission by
the Employer to enter upon its premises and lands for the purpose of such
visit, but only upon the express condition that the Bidder, its personnel, and
agents will release and indemnify the Employer and its personnel and
agents from and against all liability in respect thereof, and will be
responsible for death or personal injury, loss of or damage to property, and
any other loss, damage, costs, and expenses incurred as a result of the
inspection.
7.4
7.5
7.6
Minutes of the pre-bid meeting, including the text of the questions raised,
without identifying the source, and the responses given, together with any
responses prepared after the meeting, will be transmitted promptly to all
Bidders who have acquired the Bidding Documents in accordance with ITB
6.3. Any modification to the Bidding Documents that may become
necessary as a result of the pre-bid meeting shall be made by the Employer
exclusively through the issue of an Addendum pursuant to ITB 8 and not
through the minutes of the pre-bid meeting.
7.7
8.1
At any time prior to the deadline for submission of bids, the Employer may
amend the Bidding Documents by issuing addenda.
8.2
Any addendum issued shall be part of the Bidding Documents and shall be
communicated in writing to all who have obtained the Bidding Document
from the Employer in accordance with ITB 6.3.
8.3
C. Preparation of Bids
9. Cost of Bidding
9.1
The Bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and
submission of its Bid, and the Employer shall not be responsible or liable
for those costs, regardless of the conduct or outcome of the bidding
process.
10.1 The Bid, as well as all correspondence and documents relating to the bid
exchanged by the Bidder and the Employer, shall be written in the
language specified in the BDS. Supporting documents and printed
literature that are part of the Bid may be in another language provided they
are accompanied by an accurate translation of the relevant passages in the
language specified in the BDS, in which case, for purposes of
interpretation of the Bid, such translation shall govern.
11. Documents
Comprising the
Bid
Letter of Bid
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
11.2 In addition to the requirements under ITB 11.1, bids submitted by a JVA
shall include a copy of the Joint Venture Agreement entered into by all
partners. Alternatively, a Letter of Intent to execute a Joint Venture
Agreement in the event of a successful bid shall be signed by all partners
and submitted with the bid, together with a copy of the proposed
agreement.
12. Letter of Bid,
and Schedules
12.1 The Letter of Bid and Schedules, including the Bill of Quantities, shall be
prepared using the relevant forms furnished in Section IV, Bidding Forms.
The forms must be completed without any alterations to the text, and no
substitutes shall be accepted. All blank spaces shall be filled in with the
information requested.
13.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the BDS, alternative bids shall not be
considered.
13.2 When alternative times for completion are explicitly invited, a statement to
that effect will be included in the BDS, as will the method of evaluating
14.1 The prices and discounts quoted by the Bidder in the Letter of Bid and in
the Bill of Quantities shall conform to the requirements specified below.
14.2 The Bidder shall fill in rates and prices for all items of the Works
described in the Bill of Quantities. Items against which no rate or price is
entered by the Bidder will not be paid for by the Employer when executed
and shall be deemed covered by the rates for other items and prices in the
Bill of Quantities.
14.3 The price to be quoted in the Letter of Bid, in accordance with ITB 12.1,
shall be the total price of the Bid, excluding any discounts offered.
14.4 The Bidder shall quote any unconditional discounts and the methodology
for their application in the Letter of Bid, in accordance with ITB 12.1.
14.5 Unless otherwise provided in the BDS and the Contract, the rates and
prices quoted by the Bidder are subject to adjustment during the
performance of the Contract in accordance with the provisions of the
Conditions of Contract. In such a case, the Bidder shall furnish the indices
and weightings for the price adjustment formulae in the Schedule of
Adjustment Data and the Employer may require the Bidder to justify its
proposed indices and weightings.
14.6 If so indicated in ITB 1.1, bids are being invited for individual lots
(contracts) or for any combination of lots (packages). Bidders wishing to
offer any price reduction for the award of more than one Contract shall
specify in their bid the price reductions applicable to each package, or
alternatively, to individual Contracts within the package. Price reductions
or discounts shall be submitted in accordance with ITB 14.4, provided the
bids for all lots (contracts) are submitted and opened at the same time.
14.7 All duties, taxes, and other levies payable by the Contractor under the
Contract, or for any other cause, as of the date 28 days prior to the deadline
for submission of bids, shall be included in the rates and prices and the
17. Documents
Establishing the
Qualifications of
the Bidder
18. Period of
Validity of Bids
18.1 Bids shall remain valid for the period specified in the BDS after the bid
submission deadline date prescribed by the Employer. A bid valid for a
shorter period shall be rejected by the Employer as non responsive.
18.2 In exceptional circumstances, prior to the expiration of the bid validity
period, the Employer may request Bidders to extend the period of validity
of their bids. The request and the responses shall be made in writing. If a
bid security is requested in accordance with ITB 19, it shall also be
extended for twenty-eight (28) days beyond the deadline of the extended
validity period. A Bidder may refuse the request without forfeiting its bid
security. A Bidder granting the request shall not be required or permitted
to modify its bid, except as provided in ITB 18.3.
18.3 In the case of fixed price contracts, if the award is delayed by a period
exceeding fifty-six (56) days beyond the expiry of the initial bid validity,
the Contract price shall be adjusted by a factor specified in the request for
extension. Bid evaluation shall be based on the Contract Price without
taking into consideration the above correction.
19.1 Unless otherwise specified in the BDS, the Bidder shall furnish as part of
its bid, a bid security in original form and in the amount and currency
specified in the BDS.
19.2 The bid security shall be a demand guarantee at the Bidders option, in any
of the following forms:
(a) an unconditional bank guarantee;
(b)
(ii)
19.7 The bid security of a JVA shall be in the name of the JVA that submits the
bid. If the JVA has not been legally constituted at the time of bidding, the
Bid Security shall be in the names of all future partners as named in the
letter of intent referred to in ITB 4.1.
19.8 If a bid security is not required in the BDS, and
(a)
(b)
(ii)
the Borrower may, if provided for in the BDS, declare the Bidder
ineligible to be awarded a contract by the Borrower for a period of time as
stated in the BDS.
20. Format and
Signing of Bid
20.1 The Bidder shall prepare one original of the documents comprising the bid
as described in ITB 11 and clearly mark it ORIGINAL. Alternative bids, if
permitted in accordance with ITB 13, shall be clearly marked
ALTERNATIVE. In addition, the Bidder shall submit copies of the bid, in
the number specified in the BDS and clearly mark them COPY. In the
event of any discrepancy between the original and the copies, the original
shall prevail.
20.2 The original and all copies of the bid shall be typed or written in indelible ink
and shall be signed by a person duly authorized to sign on behalf of the Bidder.
This authorization shall consist of a written confirmation as specified in the
BDS and shall be attached to the bid. The name and position held by each
person signing the authorization must be typed or printed below the signature.
All pages of the bid where entries or amendments have been made shall be
signed or initialed by the person signing the bid.
20.3 Any inter-lineation, erasures, or overwriting shall be valid only if they are
signed or initialed by the person signing the bid.
21.1 The Bidder shall enclose the original and all copies of the bid, including
alternative bids, if permitted in accordance with ITB 13, in separate
sealed envelopes, duly marking the envelopes as ORIGINAL,
ALTERNATIVE and COPY. These envelopes containing the original
and the copies shall then be enclosed in one single envelope.
21.2 The inner and outer envelopes shall:
(a) bear the name and address of the Bidder;
(b) be addressed to the Employer in accordance with ITB 22.1;
(c) bear the specific identification of this bidding process indicated in
the BDS 1.1; and
(d) bear a warning not to open before the time and date for bid opening.
21.3 If all envelopes are not sealed and marked as required, the Employer
will assume no responsibility for the misplacement or premature
opening of the bid.
22.1 Bids must be received by the Employer at the address and no later than
the date and time indicated in the BDS. When so specified in the
BDS, bidders shall have the option of submitting their bids
electronically. Bidders submitting bids electronically shall follow the
electronic bid submission procedures specified in the BDS.
22.2 The Employer may, at its discretion, extend the deadline for the
submission of bids by amending the Bidding Document in accordance
with ITB 8, in which case all rights and obligations of the Employer and
Bidders previously subject to the deadline shall thereafter be subject to
the deadline as extended.
23.1 The Employer shall not consider any bid that arrives after the deadline
for submission of bids, in accordance with ITB 22. Any bid received by
the Employer after the deadline for submission of bids shall be declared
late, rejected, and returned unopened to the Bidder.
24. Withdrawal,
Substitution, and
Modification of
Bids
24.1 A Bidder may withdraw, substitute, or modify its bid after it has been
submitted by sending a written notice, duly signed by an authorized
representative, and shall include a copy of the authorization in accordance
with ITB 20.2, (except that withdrawal notices do not require copies). The
corresponding substitution or modification of the bid must accompany the
respective written notice. All notices must be:
(a) prepared and submitted in accordance with ITB 20 and ITB 21
(except that withdrawals notices do not require copies), and in
addition, the respective envelopes shall be clearly marked
WITHDRAWAL, SUBSTITUTION, MODIFICATION; and
(b) received by the Employer prior to the deadline prescribed for
submission of bids, in accordance with ITB 22.
25.1 The Employer shall open the bids in public, in the presence of Bidders`
designated representatives and anyone who choose to attend, and at the
address, date and time specified in the BDS. Any specific electronic
bid opening procedures required if electronic bidding is permitted in
accordance with ITB 22.1, shall be as specified in the BDS.
25.2 First, envelopes marked WITHDRAWAL shall be opened and read out
and the envelope with the corresponding bid shall not be opened, but
returned to the Bidder. No bid withdrawal shall be permitted unless the
corresponding withdrawal notice contains a valid authorization to
request the withdrawal and is read out at bid opening. Next, envelopes
marked SUBSTITUTION shall be opened and read out and exchanged
with the corresponding bid being substituted, and the substituted bid
shall not be opened, but returned to the Bidder. No bid substitution shall be
permitted unless the corresponding substitution notice contains a valid
authorization to request the substitution and is read out at bid opening.
Envelopes marked MODIFICATION shall be opened and read out with the
corresponding bid. No bid modification shall be permitted unless the
corresponding modification notice contains a valid authorization to
request the modification and is read out at bid opening. Only envelopes
that are opened and read out at bid opening shall be considered further.
25.3 All other envelopes shall be opened one at a time, reading out: the name
of the Bidder and whether there is a modification; the Bid Price(s),
including any discounts and alternative offers; the presence of a bid
security, if required; and any other details as the Employer may consider
appropriate. Only discounts and alternative offers read out at bid
opening shall be considered for evaluation. If so requested by the
Employer in the BDS, the Letter of Bid and the Bill of Quantities are
to be initialed by representatives of the Employer attending bid opening
in the manner indicated in the BDS. No bid shall be rejected at bid
opening except for late bids, in accordance with ITB 23.1.
25.4 The Employer shall prepare a record of the bid opening that shall
include, as a minimum: the name of the Bidder and whether there is a
withdrawal, substitution, or modification; the Bid Price, per lot if
applicable, including any discounts and alternative offers; and the
presence or absence of a bid security, if one was required. The Bidders
representatives who are present shall be requested to sign the record.
The omission of a Bidders signature on the record shall not invalidate
the contents and effect of the record. A copy of the record shall be
distributed to all Bidders.
27. Clarification of
Bids
28. Deviations,
Reservations, and
Omissions
29. Determination of
Responsiveness
31.1 Provided that the bid is substantially responsive, the Employer shall
31. Correction of
correct arithmetical errors on the following basis:
Arithmetical Errors
(a) if there is a discrepancy between the unit price and the total price
that is obtained by multiplying the unit price and quantity, the
unit price shall prevail and the total price shall be corrected,
unless in the opinion of the Employer there is an obvious
misplacement of the decimal point in the unit price, in which
case the total price as quoted shall govern and the unit price shall
be corrected;
(b) if there is an error in a total corresponding to the addition or
subtraction of subtotals, the subtotals shall prevail and the total
32.1 For evaluation and comparison purposes, the currency (ies) of the bid
shall be converted into a single currency as specified in the BDS.
33. Margin of
Preference
34.1 The Employer shall use the criteria and methodologies listed in this
Clause. No other evaluation criteria or methodologies shall be
permitted.
34.2 To evaluate a bid, the Employer shall consider the following:
(a) the bid price, excluding Provisional Sums and the provision, if
any, for contingencies in the Summary Bill of Quantities, but
including Daywork items, where priced competitively;
(b) price adjustment for correction of arithmetic errors in accordance
with ITB 31.1;
(c) price adjustment due to discounts offered in accordance with ITB
14.4;
(d) converting the amount resulting from applying (a) to (c) above, if
relevant, to a single currency in accordance with ITB 32;
(e) adjustment for nonconformities in accordance with ITB 30.3;
(f) the evaluation factors indicated in Section III, Evaluation and
Qualification Criteria;
34.3 The estimated effect of the price adjustment provisions of the
Conditions of Contract, applied over the period of execution of the
Contract, shall not be taken into account in bid evaluation.
34.4 If these Bidding Documents allows Bidders to quote separate prices
for different lots (contracts), and the award to a single Bidder of
multiple lots (contracts), the methodology to determine the lowest
evaluated price of the lot (contract) combinations, including any
discounts offered in the Letter of Bid Form, is specified in Section
III, Evaluation and Qualification Criteria.
34.5 If the bid, which results in the lowest Evaluated Bid Price, is
seriously unbalanced or front loaded in the opinion of the Employer,
the Employer may require the Bidder to produce detailed price
36.1 The Employer shall determine to its satisfaction whether the Bidder
that is selected as having submitted the lowest evaluated and
substantially responsive bid meets the qualifying criteria specified in
Section III, Evaluation and Qualification Criteria.
36.2 The determination shall be based upon an examination of the
documentary evidence of the Bidders qualifications submitted by the
Bidder, pursuant to ITB 17.1.
36.3 An affirmative determination shall be a prerequisite for award of the
Contract to the Bidder. A negative determination shall result in
disqualification of the bid, in which event the Employer shall
proceed to the next lowest evaluated bid to make a similar
determination of that Bidders qualifications to perform
satisfactorily.
37.1 The Employer reserves the right to accept or reject any bid, and to
annul the bidding process and reject all bids at any time prior to
contract award, without thereby incurring any liability to Bidders. In
case of annulment, all bids submitted and specifically, bid securities,
shall be promptly returned to the Bidders.
F. Award of Contract
38. Award Criteria
38.1 The Employer shall award the Contract to the Bidder whose offer has
been determined to be the lowest evaluated bid and is substantially
responsive to the Bidding Document, provided further that the Bidder
is determined to be qualified to perform the Contract satisfactorily.
39. Notification of
Award
39.1 Prior to the expiration of the period of bid validity, the Employer
shall notify the successful Bidder, in writing, that its bid has been
accepted. The notification letter (hereinafter and in the Conditions of
Contract and Contract Forms called the Letter of Acceptance) shall
specify the sum that the Employer will pay the Contractor in
consideration of the execution and completion of the Works
(hereinafter and in the Conditions of Contract and Contract Forms
called the Contract Price) and the requirement for the Contractor to
remedy any defects therein as prescribed by the Contract. At the
same time, the Employer shall also notify all other Bidders of the
results of the bidding and shall publish in UNDB online and in the
dgMarket the results identifying the bid and lot numbers and the
following information: (i) name of each Bidder who submitted a Bid; (ii)
bid prices as read out at Bid Opening; (iii) name and evaluated prices of
each Bid that was evaluated; (iv) name of bidders whose bids were
rejected and the reasons for their rejection; and (v) name of the winning
Bidder, and the Price it offered, as well as the duration and summary
scope of the contract awarded.
39.2 Until a formal contract is prepared and executed, the notification of
award shall constitute a binding Contract.
39.3 The Employer shall promptly respond in writing to any unsuccessful
Bidder who, after notification of award in accordance with ITB 39.1,
requests in writing the grounds on which its tender was not selected.
40. Signing of Contract
40.1 Promptly after notification, the Employer shall send the successful
Bidder the Contract Agreement.
40.2 Within twenty-eight (28) days of receipt of the Contract Agreement,
the successful Bidder shall sign, date, and return it to the Employer.
41. Performance
Security
ITB 1.1
ITB 1.1
The name of the ICB is:------------------------------------The identification number of the ICB is: --------------------------------The number and identification of lots (contracts) comprising this ICB is: One
ITB 2.1
ITB 2.1
The individuals or firms in a joint venture or association -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jointly and severally liable.
B. Bidding Document
ITB 7.1
ITB 7.4
A Pre-Bid meeting ------------ take place at the following date, time and place:
Date:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Time: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Place:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A site visit conducted by the Employer ---------------------------------- organized
C. Preparation of Bids
ITB 10.1
The Bidder shall submit with its bid the following additional documents:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ITB 13.1
ITB 13.2
If alternative times for completion are permitted, the evaluation method will be as
specified in Section III, Evaluation and Qualification Criteria.
ITB 13.4
Alternative technical solutions shall be permitted for the following parts of the
Works:--------------------------------------------------If alternative technical solutions are permitted, the evaluation method will be as
specified in Section III, Evaluation and Qualification Criteria.
ITB 14.5
The prices quoted by the bidder shall be:in Kenya Shillings (KES) or (KShs)
ITB 15.1
ITB 18.1
ITB 19.1
ITB 19.8
If the Bidder incurs any of the actions prescribed in subparagraphs (a) or (b) of this
provision, the Employer will declare the Bidder ineligible to be awarded contracts
by the Employer for a period of 10 years.
ITB 20.1
In addition to the original of the bid, the number of copies is: Three (3)
ITB 20.2
ITB 25.3
The Letter of Bid and Bill of Quantities shall be initialed by representatives of the
Employer attending Bid opening. If initialization is required, it shall be conducted
as follows:
The currency(ies) of the Bid shall be converted into a single currency as follows:
Kenya Shillings
The currency that shall be used for bid evaluation and comparison purposes to
convert all bid prices expressed in various currencies into a single currency is:
Kenya Shillings
The source of exchange rate shall be: Central Bank of Kenya
The date for the exchange rate shall be: the Date 15 days before the Bid opening
ITB 33.1
Section III.
Evaluation and Qualification
Criteria (Following Prequalification)
This Section contains all the criteria that the Employer shall use to evaluate bids and qualify Bidders. In
accordance with ITB 34 and ITB 36, no other factors, methods or criteria shall be used. The Bidder shall
provide all the information requested in the forms included in Section IV, Bidding Forms.
1.
Evaluation
In addition to the criteria listed in ITB 34.2 (a) (e) the following criteria shall apply:
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
Qualification
2.1
Update of Information
The Bidder shall continue to meet the criteria used at the time of prequalification.
2.2
Financial Resources
Using the relevant Forms No FIN-1 in Section IV, Bidding Forms, the Bidder must
demonstrate access to, or availability of, financial resources such as liquid assets,
unencumbered real assets, lines of credit, and other financial means, other than any
contractual advance payments to meet:
(i) the following cash-flow requirement:
[KShs 1 Billion].
and
(ii) the overall cash flow requirements for this contract and its current Works
commitment. [KShs 500million].
2.3
Personnel
The Bidder must demonstrate that it has the personnel for the key positions that
meet the following requirements:
No.
Position
1
2
3
4
5
Project Manager
Site Agent
Electrical Mechanical Engineer
Surveyor
Environmental Health and Safety
Officer
10
10
10
10
In Similar
Works
Experience
(years)
5
5
5
5
Total Work
Experience
(years)
The Bidder shall provide details of the proposed personnel and their experience records
in the relevant Information Forms included in Section IV, Bidding Forms.
2.4
Equipment
The Bidder must demonstrate that it has the key equipment listed hereafter:
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Excavator
Lorries (7ton)
Tippers (15 ton)
Dumpers
Pipe locating equipment capable of locating pvc pipes
Concrete mixer 14/10 including batch weighing
Concrete vibrators 35mm
Crane (5 ton)
Crane (16 ton)
Compressor (5000l/min)
Generator (15 kVA)
Total Station (with software for plan and profile drawings)
Dewatering pumps
Minimum
Number required
8
10
10
6
2
4
10
5
2
5
3
4
5
The Bidder shall provide further details of proposed items of equipment using the
relevant Form in Section IV, Bidding Forms.
Section III.
Evaluation and Qualification
Criteria (Without Prequalification)
This Section contains all the criteria that the Employer shall use to evaluate bids and qualify
Bidders. In accordance with ITB 34 and ITB 36, no other factors, methods or criteria shall be
used. The Bidder shall provide all the information requested in the forms included in Section IV,
Bidding Forms.
1.
Evaluation
In addition to the criteria listed in ITB 34.2 (a) (e) the following criteria shall apply:
1.1
1.2
..
Technical alternatives, if permitted under ITB 13.4, will be evaluated as
follows:
N/A
..
1.3
2.
Qualification
Factor
2.1 ELIGIBILITY
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association
Required
All partners Each
At least one
combined
partner
partner
Existing or
Must meet
N/A
Form ELI 1.1 and
intended JVCA requirement
1.2, with attachments
must meet
requirement
Requirement
Single Entity
2.1.1 Nationality
Nationality in accordance
with ITB 4.2.
Must meet
requirement
2.1.2 Conflict of
Interest
Must meet
requirement
Existing or
intended JVCA
must meet
requirement
Must meet
requirement
N/A
Letter of Bid
2.1.3 Bank
Ineligibility
Must meet
requirement
Existing JVCA
must meet
requirement
Must meet
requirement
N/A
Letter of Bid
2.1.4 Government
Owned Entity
Compliance with
conditions of ITB 4.5
Must meet
requirement
Must meet
requirement
Must meet
requirement
N/A
Section III.
Factor
2.1 ELIGIBILITY
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
2.1.5 Ineligibility
based on a
United Nations
resolution
or
Borrowers
country law
Requirement
Single Entity
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association
Required
All partners Each
At least one
combined
partner
partner
Letter of Bid
Section III.
Factor
2.2 HISTORICAL CONTRACT NON-PERFORMANCE
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
Requirement
2.2.1
History of
nonperforming
contracts
Non-performance of a contract
did not occur within the last 5
years prior to the deadline for
application submission, based
on all information on fully
settled disputes or litigation. A
fully settled dispute or litigation
is one that has been resolved in
accordance with the Dispute
Resolution Mechanism under
the respective contract, and
where all appeal instances
available to the bidder have
been exhausted.
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association
Required
Single
All
Each partner At least one
Entity
partners
partner
combined
Must meet
N/A
Must meet
N/A
Form CON - 2
requirement
requirement by
by itself or as
itself or as
partner to
partner to past
past or
or existing
existing
JVCA
JVCA
Section III.
Factor
2.2 HISTORICAL CONTRACT NON-PERFORMANCE
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
2.2.2
Pending
Litigation
Requirement
Single
Entity
Must
meet
requirement
by itself or as
partner
to N / A
past
or
existing
JVCA
Must
meet
requirement by
itself or as
N/A
partner to past
or
existing
JVCA
Documentation
Required
Form CON 2
Section III.
Factor
Single
Entity
Must
meet
N/A
requirement
Documentation
Required
one
(a) (criterion 1)
(b) (criterion 2)
(c) __________
2.3.2Average
Annual
Turnover
Must meet
_________
Form FIN 3.2
percent
(_____%) of the
Section III.
Factor
Single
Entity
and
(ii) the overall cash flow
requirements for this contract and
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association
Required
All
At least one
partners
Each partner
partner
combined
requirement
requirement
Must meet
_________
Must meet
percent
Must meet (_____%) of the _________
Form FIN 3.3
percent
requirement requirement
(_____%) of the
requirement
Section III.
Factor
Single
Entity
Documentation
Required
one
Section III.
Factor
2.4 EXPERIENCE
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
Requirement
2.4.1General
Experience
2.4.2Specific
Experience
Single
Entity
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association Required
All partners Each
At least one
combined
partner
partner
Must meet
requirements
for all
characteristics
Must meet
requirement N / A
N/A
Must meet
requirement
for one
characteristic
Form EXP-4.1
Section III.
Factor
2.4 EXPERIENCE
Criteria
Bidder
Sub-Factor
Requirement
Single
Entity
Documentation
Joint Venture, Consortium or Association Required
All partners Each
At least one
combined
partner
partner
complexity, methods/technology or
other characteristics as described
in Section VI, Employers
Requirements.
2.4.2
Specific
Experience
Must meet
requirements
Must meet
requirements
N/A
Must meet
requirements
Form EXP-2.4.2(b)
2.5
Personnel
The Bidder must demonstrate that it has the personnel for the key positions that meet the
following requirements:
No.
Position
1
2
3.
Project Manager
Site Agent
Site construction
Engineer - Water
Supply
Site Engineering
Surveyor
6.
Total Work
Experience
(years)
Experience In
Similar Works
(years)
Manager in
a similar
position
15
15
10
10
10
5
5
5
3
10
The Bidder shall provide details of the proposed personnel and their experience records using
Forms PER-1 and PER-2 included in Section IV, Bidding Forms.
2.6
Equipment
The Bidder must demonstrate that it has the key equipment listed hereafter:
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Excavator
Lorries (7ton)
Tippers (15 ton)
Dumpers
Pipe locating equipment capable of locating pvc pipes
Concrete mixer 14/10 including batch weighing
Concrete vibrators 35mm
Crane (5 ton)
Compressor (5000l/min)
Generator (15 kVA)
Total Station (with software for plan and profile
drawings)
Dewatering pumps
2
2
2
2
1
2
4
2
2
1
2
12
The Bidder shall provide further details of proposed items of equipment using Form EQU in
Section IV, Bidding Forms.
Letter of Bid
Date:
ICB No.:
Invitation for Bid No.:
To: Coast Development Authority
We, the undersigned, declare that:
(a) We have examined and have no reservations to the Bidding Document, including Addenda issued
in accordance with Instructions to Bidders (ITB)8
;
(b) We offer to execute in conformity with the Bidding Document the following Works: Construction
of Lake Challa Water Resources Integrated Development Project. Contract No
(c) The total price of our Bid, excluding any discounts offered in item (d) below is:
;
(d) The discounts offered and the methodology for their application are:
;
(e) Our bid shall be valid for a period of 120 days from the date fixed for the bid submission deadline
in accordance with the Bidding Document, and it shall remain binding upon us and may be
accepted at any time before the expiration of that period;
(f) If our bid is accepted, we commit to obtain a performance security in accordance with the Bidding
Document;
(g) We, including any subcontractors or suppliers for any part of the contract, have or will have
nationalities from eligible countries, in accordance with ITB-4.2;
(h) We, including any subcontractors or suppliers for any part of the contract, do not have any conflict
of interest in accordance with ITB-4.3;
(i)
We are not participating, as a Bidder or as a subcontractor, in more than one bid in this bidding process
in accordance with ITB-4.3, other than alternative offers submitted in accordance with ITB-13;
We, including any of our subcontractors or suppliers for any part of the contract, have not been
declared ineligible by the Bank, under the Employers country laws or official regulations or by an act
of compliance with a decision of the United Nations Security Council;
(j) We are not a government owned entity/ We are a government owned entity but meet the requirements of
ITB-4.5;2
2
We have paid, or will pay the following commissions, gratuities, or fees with respect to the bidding
process or execution of the Contract:
Name of Recipient
Address
Reason
Amount
Name
In the capacity of
Signed
Appendix to Bid
Schedule of Adjustment Data
[In Tables A, B, and C, below, the Bidder shall (a) indicate its amount of local currency payment, (b)
indicate its proposed source and base values of indices for the different foreign currency elements of
cost, (c) derive its proposed weightings for local and foreign currency payment, and (d) list the
exchange rates used in the currency conversion. In the case of very large and/or complex works
contracts, it may be necessary to specify several families of price adjustment formulae corresponding
to the different works involved.]
Index
description*
Source
index*
Nonadjustable
of Base value
and date*
Bidders
related
currency
amount
Bidders
proposed
weighting
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
Total
1.00
Index
description
Source
index
Non adjustable
Bidders
proposed
weighting
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
Total
1.00
Name
payment
currency
A
of Amount
currency
Local currency
B
of Rate of exchange
(local
currency
per
unit
of
foreign)
1.00
C
Local currency
equivalent
C=AxB
D
Percentage
of
Net Bid Price (NBP)
100xC
NBP
Foreign
currency #1
Foreign
currency #2
Foreign
currency #
BID PRICE
Bill of Quantities
100.00
[To be entered by
the Employer]
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1-1
1-2
The Bill of Quantities is to be read in conjunction with all the other documents comprising the Bid
Documents at the Bid stage and the Contract Documents after award of the Contract.
1-3
Appropriate provisions of this Preamble shall also apply to the measurement of completed work in
conjunction with the relevant Notes on Measurement.
2-
DEFINITIONS
2-1
The following words and expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them unless specifically
stated otherwise.
2-2
2-3
"Work" includes work to be carried out, goods, materials and services to be supplied, and the liabilities,
obligations and risks to be undertaken by the Contractor under the Contract.
2-4
"Expressly required" means work which is shown on the Drawings, described in the Specification or
ordered by the Engineer as a specific requirement pursuant to the Contract.
2-5
"Bill of Quantities" means the list of items giving brief identifying descriptions and estimated
quantities of the work comprising the Contract and shall include this Preamble.
2-6
"Daywork" refers to the method of valuing work on the basis of time spent by the workmen, the
materials used and the plant employed.
2-7
"Work Classification" means the alphabetical Work Classification set out herein.
2-8
"Original Surface" means the ground level before any work under the Contract has been carried out.
2-9
2-10
"Final Surface" means the surface indicated on the Drawings to which excavation is to be carried out.
"Commencing Surface" means:
-
in relation to a single item in the Bill of Quantities, the surface of the ground before any work
covered by that item has been carried out;
in relation to a group of items in the Bill of Quantities for work in different materials in an
excavation or a bored, drilled or driven hole, the surface of the ground before any work covered
by any item in that group has been carried out.
2-11
"Excavated Surface" means, the surface to which excavation included in the work covered by the
relevant item is to be carried out.
2-12
Expressions such as "depth 2-4 m" in bill items shall apply to operations within a range of depths which
include all depths exceeding 2 m but not exceeding 4 m. Thus the smaller dimension is excluded but
the larger dimension is included.
2-13
Where "(provisional)" appears after a work item description this means that a rate and amount are
required for the quantity entered although the necessity for the work was uncertain at the time of
preparing the document.
"Supply" shall be deemed to include delivery to the Site and unloading to store unless expressly stated
otherwise.
2-14
3-
Principal Quantities
3-1
If any estimated total principal quantities of the Permanent Works are given in the Instructions to
Bidders or elsewhere in the Bid Documents, they are solely to assist Bidders in making a rapid initial
assessment of the general scale of the Contract but shall not have any contractual significance.
Mode of Description
3-2
To avoid unnecessary length, item descriptions will generally identify the component of the Works and
not the tasks to be carried out by the Contractor, e.g. An item will be described as "Mild steel bar
reinforcement diameter 20 mm", rather than as "Supply, deliver, cut, bend and fix mild steel bar
reinforcement to BS 4449 diameter 20 mm".
3-3
Where the work identified by an item is specifically limited, the limitation will be stated in the item
description, e.g. "Fix only handrailing supplied by others under item .
Dayworks
Labour and Materials
3-4
After each of the Provisional Sums for there will be an item where the Bidder may insert a percentage
addition to be added to the basic expenditure under the relevant item. In the case of the Provisional
Sum for Plant the Bided percentage shall be applied only when the Plant used on dayworks has to be
specially hired by the Contractor.
3-5
Any dayworks carried out by sub-contractors shall be paid as for dayworks by the Contractor except
that dayworks carried out by Nominated Sub-Contractors may be subject to a separate schedule as
directed by the Engineer when issuing instructions for placing a Nominated Sub-Contract.
Each Bill of the Bill of Quantities will be given a heading and groups of items within each part may be
given sub-headings. Headings and sub-headings shall be read as part of the item descriptions to which
they apply and will normally be repeated at the start of each new page which lists items to which they
apply.
Descriptions will identify the work covered by the respective items, but the nature and extent of the
work is to be ascertained from the other Bid Documents, which shall be read in conjunction with the
Preamble and Notes on Measurement.
3-8
Full detail or description may be omitted from an item description provided that, if necessary to aid
clarity, an equivalent reference to the Drawings or Specification is given in its place.
3-9
Where a normal item description seems insufficient to identify clearly the particular work covered by
the item, additional description will have been given to identify the work by reference to its location or
other physical features shown on the Drawings or described in the Specification.
Ranges of Dimensions
3-10
Where all the components of work included in an item are of one dimension within a range given in the
Work Classification, that one dimension will be stated in the item description in place of the range of
dimensions given.
3-11
Where within one operation material has to be removed from an increasing depth as the operation
proceeds and the words "in range" are included against dimensions in the item description, e.g. "in
range 2-4 m", this means that there are separate items for measurement and payment of other ranges of
depth during the course of that operation. For the above example, work at depths of 2 m or less, at 2- 4
m and at depths exceeding 4 m would be billed under separate items. If all the work had a final depth
of 2-4 m there would be separate items for 2-4 m and for depths not exceeding 2 m.
Where the words "in range" do not appear as described above, this means that the whole operation from
zero depth to final depth will all be paid under one item at one rate per unit of work. If all the work had
a final depth of 2-4 m, there would be only one item and the range stated in the description would refer
to the final depth of the operation. Similar work elsewhere would be measured and paid under other
items where the final depth either exceeds 4 m or does not exceed 2 m.
Provisional Sums
3-12
A Provisional Sum for a general overall contingency allowance will, if required, be given in the Bill
Summary as described later in this Section.
3-13
Provisional Sums for particular items of work will be given in the general items within the relevant Bill
of the Bill of Quantities.
3-14
The item descriptions against Provisional Sums for particular items of work will distinguish work
where the use of a Nominated Sub-Contractor was envisaged at the time of preparing the Bid
Documents.
3-15
Whenever the Bill includes Provisional Sums for particular items of work for which it is stated that
payment is envisaged by dayworks if such work is necessary, the Provisional Sum shall be deemed to
include all the percentage additions for dayworks.
Quantities
3-16
The quantities inserted in the Bill are, wherever possible, computed net from the Bid Drawings, unless
otherwise required in the Notes on Measurement or elsewhere in the Documents. Quantities have been
rounded up or down where appropriate.
The Bidder must recognise that the billed quantities represent estimated quantities subject to variations
on each item, and no claim shall be made for deficiency or over-run therein, actual or relative.
Accordingly, while the Bidder must complete his Bid using the estimated quantities shown, he shall do
so on the understanding that these estimated quantities are only intended to give general guidance to the
Bidder, and to enable Bids to be compared on a uniform basis.
The following shall apply except where there is a specific reference to the contrary in the relevant
Notes on Measurement:
-
The Commencing Surface will be identified in the description of each item for work involving
excavation, boring or driving when the Commencing Surface is not also the Original Surface.
The Excavated Surface will be identified in the description of each item for work involving
excavation when the Excavated Surface is not also the Final Surface.
Bill Summary
3-18
Provision is made for the amounts inserted on each page to be totalled. Where appropriate the page
totals within each Bill of the Bill of Quantities are carried to a summary of each Bill. The page or Bill
totals, as appropriate, are carried to the Bill Summary.
3-19
The total of the pages or Bills will comprise the Bill Total.
3-20
A Provisional Sum for a general contingency (the General Contingency Allowance) will, if required, be
given in the Bill Summary following the Bill Total, usually computed as a percentage thereof.
3-21
The Bid Sum is the Bill Total plus the General Contingency Allowance, if any.
Rates and prices shall be inserted in the Rate column of the Bill of Quantities, and elsewhere as
instructed, in the currency and number of decimal places as directed in the Instructions to Bidders.
4-2
In inserting Bid rates and prices in the Bill of Quantities, the Bidder thereby offers to perform the
relevant items of work at those rates and prices, and declares that every rate and price which he submits
in his Bid
4-3
(a)
(b)
properly reflects the cost of doing the portion of the work to which that price or unit price
pertains; and
(c)
is inclusive of everything necessary to perform and complete in accordance with the Bid
Documents that portion of the Work to which the price or unit price pertains including, without
limiting generality, all supervision, labour, maintenance, equipment, supplies, materials,
facilities, overhead, profit and contingent expenses of every kind except as otherwise
specifically provided for in the Bid Documents.
Certain clauses in the Conditions of Contract or Specification may be mentioned in the item
descriptions contained in the Bill of Quantities but where no clause is mentioned the Contractor shall
not be relieved of any of his obligations under the Contract. In general, a specification reference will
be the first clause principally relating to the item but not necessarily the only clause.
4-5
The various prices and rates to be inserted in the Bill of Quantities are together to be the full inclusive
value of the work described, including all costs and expenses which may be required in and for the
construction of the work described, together with all risks, liabilities and obligations set forth or
implied in the Bid Documents.
4-6
General directions and descriptions of work and materials given elsewhere are not necessarily repeated
in the Bill of Quantities and reference is to be made to the Bid Drawings, Specification and other
relevant documents for this information.
4-7
Operations included in a billed rate are generally listed only where it is felt necessary to differentiate
between the content of a number of items, each of which covers a different part of a whole process.
The use of the word "including" may be taken to highlight a particular operation but shall not mean that
no other operations need be included in the rate. It follows that no claim for additional payment will be
considered if based merely on the proposition that not all necessary operations within any item are
included in any description or discussion. Thus, all necessary operations listed in or implied by the
Specification and Drawings including supply, handling and fixing will be deemed to be included in the
rates irrespective of whether some, all or none are specifically mentioned in the Bill, except where the
item description gives a limit, e.g. "Fix only handrailing supplied by others under Item . . . . .".
Rates shall include for testing where specified except where testing is billed separately.
4-8
Method-Related Charges
4-9
The Bill of Quantities is drawn up to leave space so that, if the Bidder so wishes, he may enter in Class
A his own description of items which he considers can with benefit be separated from the measured
quantities, or for which the costs are neither proportional to the quantities of other items not covered by
rates for other items.
4-10
A Method-Related Charge may be either a Fixed Charge or a Time-Related Charge. In the latter case
payment will be made in proportion to the time inserted in the Bill as that necessary to carry out the
work. In neither case, however, will there be re-measurement unless an extension of time for
completion affects the time element of a Time-Related Charge or a Variation Order affects the method
used for any Method-Related Charge. Thus in the absence of such circumstances no extra payment will
be made for a Time-Related item which takes longer than the time entered in the Bill.
4-11
Method-Related Charges shall be described and entered in the appropriate Item of the Bill.
The particular items of Permanent or Temporary Works to which each item refers shall be adequately
described.
4-12
The descriptions inserted against Method-Related items shall not be construed as qualifications to the
Bid and consequently the acceptance of a Bid will not imply that the technical arrangements described
are acceptable or adequate. Nor, however, will the Bidder be bound by the method suggested by
Method-Related Charges entered by him.
4-13
In a letter accompanying the Bid or in an appropriate Annexure, the Bidder shall state the times at
which he wishes payment to become due for each Method-Related Charge. These times must be
demonstrably relevant to the work concerned. The payment will become certifiable at the time given in
the accompanying letter or any subsequent agreed modifications made thereto before award of the
Contract, whether or not the Contractor actually uses the method which was described at the time of
Bid.
4-14
Where there are bill items in other relevant classes of work in the Bill of Quantities expressly for
providing specialised items of Temporary Works and Equipment, the Bidder is not bound to price these
as given but may alternatively price such items at zero and either include the relevant cost in other
billed rates or provide a Method-Related Charge which he considers to be more appropriate.
Adjustment of Total
4-15
If provision is not made in the Bill Summary for the Bidder to adjust the Bill Total but the Bidder
nevertheless finds it essential to do so during the last phase of the Biding process and offers an
Adjustment, this fact (but not the amount of the Adjustment) shall be noted on the Bill Summary page.
The amount of the Adjustment shall be stated in a letter accompanying the Bid, shall be a lump sum,
not a percentage, and will not be varied on account of cost escalation.
4-16
Any additions or deductions in respect of an Adjustment Item shall be made by lump sum instalments
on each interim certificate in the proportion that the total otherwise certifiable bears to the Bill Total in
the Bid, and shall not exceed the amount of the Adjustment. If, however, by the date of issue of the
Taking-Over Certificate for the whole of the Works any balance of the Adjustment is outstanding, the
balance shall be added to or deducted from the retention monies then due to the Contractor.
The Bidder shall not alter or otherwise qualify the printed text of the Bill of Quantities unless so
instructed by a Bid addendum etc. Any alterations or qualifications made without such authority will
be ignored during evaluation and the text of the Bill as provided will be used.
4-18
If there are any arithmetic discrepancies between a Bided rate and the corresponding amount in the Bill,
the rate shall always be taken as correct during the assessment of Bids.
4-19
Items contained in the Bill of Quantities against which no rate or price is entered by the Bidder will be
deemed to be covered by other prices or rates in the Bill.
Re-measurement
4-20
Because, as already stated, the quantities are estimated quantities derived from preliminary drawings
and are not therefore to be taken as exact quantities to be executed by the Contractor in fulfilment of his
obligations under the Contract, the value of the whole work executed to the satisfaction of the Engineer
shall be ascertained by re-measurement and valuation.
No allowance in measurement for payment will be made for wastage of materials.
Technical Proposal
Site Organization
Method Statement
Mobilization Schedule
Construction Schedule
Equipment
Personnel
Others
Site Organization
Method Statement
Mobilization Schedule
Construction Schedule
Equipment
Form EQU
The Bidder shall provide adequate information to demonstrate clearly that it has the capability to meet the
requirements for the key equipment listed in Section III, Evaluation and Qualification Criteria. A separate
Form shall be prepared for each item of equipment listed, or for alternative equipment proposed by the
Bidder.
Item of equipment
Equipment
information
Current
status
Name of manufacturer
Capacity
Year of manufacture
Current location
Details of current commitments
Source
Specially manufactured
Agreements
Name of owner
Address of owner
Telephone
Fax
Telex
Personnel
Form PER -1
Proposed Personnel
Bidders should provide the names of suitably qualified personnel to meet the specified requirements
stated in Section III. The data on their experience should be supplied using the Form below for each
candidate.
1.
Title of position*
Name
2.
Title of position*
Name
3.
Title of position*
Name
4.
Title of position*
Name
Form PER-2
Resume of Proposed Personnel
Name of Bidder
Position
Personnel
Name
information
Date of birth
Professional qualifications
Present
Name of employer
employment
Address of employer
Telephone
Fax
Job title
Summarize professional experience over the last 20 years, in reverse chronological order. Indicate
particular technical and managerial experience relevant to the project.
From
Form CCC
To
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
etc.
Employer,
contact
address/tel/fax
Value
of Estimated
outstanding work completion date
(current
US$
equivalent)
Average monthly
invoicing over
last six months
(US$/month)
Form FIN-1
Financial Resources
Specify proposed sources of financing, such as liquid assets, unencumbered real assets, lines of credit,
and other financial means, net of current commitments, available to meet the total construction cash flow
demands of the subject contract or contracts as indicated in Section III, Evaluation and Qualification
Criteria
Source of financing
1.
2.
3.
4.
has withdrawn its Bid during the period of bid validity specified by the Bidder in
the Form of Bid; or
(b)
having been notified of the acceptance of its Bid by the Employer during the period of bid
validity, (i) fails or refuses to execute the Contract Agreement or (ii) fails or refuses to
furnish the performance security, in accordance with the ITB.
This guarantee will expire: (a) if the Bidder is the successful Bidder, upon our receipt of copies of the
contract signed by the Bidder and the performance security issued to you upon the instruction of the
Bidder; and (b) if the Bidder is not the successful Bidder, upon the earlier of (i) our receipt of a copy
your notification to the Bidder of the name of the successful Bidder; or (ii) twenty-eight days after the
expiration of the Bidders bid.
Consequently, any demand for payment under this guarantee must be received by us at the office on or
before that date.
This guarantee is subject to the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, ICC Publication No. 458.
_____________________________
[Signature]
Note: All italicized text is for use in preparing this form and shall be deleted from the final product.
1.
In accordance with Para 1.8 of the Guidelines: Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA
Credits, dated May 2004, the Bank permits firms and individuals from all countries to offer
goods, works and services for Bank-financed projects. As an exception, firms of a Country or
goods manufactured in a Country may be excluded if:
Para 1.8 (a) (i): as a matter of law or official regulation, the Borrowers Country prohibits
commercial relations with that Country, provided that the Bank is satisfied that such
exclusion does not preclude effective competition for the supply of the Goods or Works
required, or
Para 1.8 (a) (ii): by an Act of Compliance with a Decision of the United Nations Security
Council taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the Borrowers
Country prohibits any import of goods from that Country or any payments to persons or
entities in that Country.
2.
For the information of borrowers and bidders, at the present time firms, goods and services
from the following countries are excluded from this bidding:
(a)
(b)