Lecture 22: Rotational Kinematics

Objectives
1. Distinguish rotational and translational quantities.
2. Apply the rotational kinematic relations in rotating
objects.
3. Relate the equations of rotational and translational
quantities.

rack and pinion comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational

motion into linear motion

Rotation of rigid bodies

Rigid body

Neglect deformations
Perfectly definite and
unchanging size and shape

Sweeping at an angular
distance
About a fixed stationary axis
(Axis at rest in some inertial frame of
reference)

Convention:
Counterclockwise: > 0
Clockwise: < 0
They sweep the same amount of angle for any given time.

Comparing translational and rotational motions

Translation
Motion defined by

Rotation
Motion defined by

Motion to the Left

<

Clockwise rotation
<

Motion to the Right

>

Counterclockwise
rotation
>

Direction of vector quantities

Curl (right hand) fingers to direction of rotation, thumb
points to direction of angular quantity

Angular coordinate,
Specifies the rotational position of a rigid body at a
given instant (unit: radians rad)
()
=
=

or s r
Radians
Angle subtended at the center of circle by an arc with
a length equal to the radius of the circle (s = r )
To convert:
1rev 2rad
1rpm 0.1047rad / s
rad 180

Recall: Angular (rad/s) and linear (m/s) speed

Relationship bet. linear & angular speed:

v r

Average angular velocity

2 1
avz =
=

2 1
Instantaneous angular velocity

z = lim
=
0

Angular speed is the magnitude of

angular velocity.
All points have the same .
All parts of ferris wheel
rotates with the same
angular velocity

Sample Problem: Calculating angular velocity

The angular position of the flywheel is given by:
= (2.0/ 3 ) 3
The diameter of the flywheel is 0.36m.
(a) Find the angle , in radians and in degrees, at times
t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(b) Find the distance that a particle on the rim moves
during that time interval.
(c) Find the average angular velocity, in rad/s and in
rev/s between t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(d) Find the instantaneous angular velocity at time t =
t2 = 5.0s

Given:
t1 = 2.0s
t2 = 5.0s

(a) Substitute the values of time t into the given

equation:
3 3

= (2.0/ )

(b) The flywheel turns through an angular displacement of

= 2 1 = 250rad 16rad = 234rad.
d = 0.36m, r = 0.18m.
The distance traveled is therefore:

(c) The angular velocity is:

(d) The instantaneous angular velocity at t = 5.00s

Angular (rad/s2) and liner acceleration (m/s2)

Relationship bet. linear & angular acceleration:

a r

Average angular acceleration

2 1
avz =
=

2 1
Instantaneous angular acceleration
2
z = lim
=
= 2
0

In rotational motion,
z > , z is increasing
z < , z is decreasing
13

Relative directions of angular velocity & acceleration

Same direction, speeding up

Different directions, slowing down

14

Sample problem: Calculating the angular acceleration

Using the instantaneous angular velocity of the flywheel
= (6.0/ 3 ) 2

(a) Find the average angular acceleration between

t1 = 2.0s and t2 = 5.0s.
(b) Find the instantaneous angular acceleration at time
t2 = 5.0s

(a) Using the equation for instantaneous angular velocity for

time 2.0s and 5.0s:

We will use this to solve for the average angular acceleration:

(b) The instantaneous acceleration at time t = 5.0s is:

Comparing translational and rotational motion

Translation

Rotation

Displacement
=
Average velocity
avx =
Instantaneous velocity
=
Uniform motion
= av

Angular displacement
=
Average velocity
av =
Instantaneous velocity
=
Uniform motion
= av

Displacement
Speed
Acceleration

s r
v r
a r

17

Constant angular acceleration

Translation ( = constant)

Rotation ( = constant)

= 0 +

= 0 +

1 2
= 0 + 0 +
2

1 2
= 0 + 0 +
2

2 = 02 + 2

2 = 02 + 2

v0 v x
x x0
t
2

0
0
t
2
18

Sample Problem: Rotation with constant acceleration

You have just finished watching a movie on DVD and the disc is
slowing to a stop. The angular velocity of the disc at t = 0 is
27.5rad/s and its angular acceleration is constant at -10.0rad/s2.
A line PQ on the surface of the disc lies along the +x-axis at t = 0.
(a) What is the discs angular velocity at t = 0.300s?
(b) What angle does the line PQ make with the x-axis at this time?
Given:
0 = 27.5rad/s
Constant = -10.0rad/s2
(a) at t = 0.30s
(b) angle at t = 0.30s

= constant
= +

= + +

= +

(a) Substitute 0 , and t to the equation:

Given:
0 = 27.5rad/s
Constant = -10.0rad/s2

(b) To get the angle, first calculate the angular displacement:

Converting into angle, PQ to the + x axis is:

Summary: Comparing translational & rotational motion

Translation

Rotation

Displacement
= =
Average velocity
avx =
Instantaneous velocity
=
Uniform motion
= av

Angular displacement
=
Average velocity
av =
Instantaneous velocity
=
Uniform motion
= av

Linear and tangential displacement: s r

Linear speed to angular speed:
v r
Linear and angular acceleration: a r

Note: we will
solve more sample
problems tomorrow

Seatwork
- solve problems in your
notebooks
- write the answers only in
your bluebook
- indicate the date

January 6, 2014
1. Blah?
2. Blah blah!
3. Blah blah blah!
4. Blah blah blah blah!

22

1 and 2 Multiple choice (a to f)

1. A ladybug sits at the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is
turning and slowing down. At the instant shown in the figure.
What is the direction of her angular velocity?
2. A ladybug sits at the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is
turning and slowing down. At the instant shown in the figure.
What is the direction of her angular acceleration?
a. Along the +-direction
b. Along the -direction
c. Along the +-direction
d. Along the -direction
e. Along the +-direction
f. Along the -direction
23

Multiple choice (there could be more than 1 correct answer)

The figure shows a graph of z and z versus time for a

particular rotating body. During which time intervals is the
rotating body:
3. speeding up?
4. slowing down?
(a) 0 < t < 2s
(b) 2s < t < 4s
(c) 4s < t < 6s
5-7: Problem solving

= ; =

Seatwork
- seatwork will be checked at the
end of the class
- if wrong, write the correct
answer
- in checking: place the score
above the checkers name
- the checker must sign under
his/her name & student number

November 8, 2013
1. Blah? X Bleh!!!
2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!

Score: 3/4
Checked by:
(signed)
Albert Einstein Jr.
(2013-24601)

25

Homework # 1,2

(1)

(2)

Homework # 3

Let pt1 (at the top), pt2, at the bottom of the container just before it hit the 2nd mass
1
Conservation of energy gives:
= 2 2 2 = 2
2

Conservation of momentum gives before and just after the moving mass hit the
stationary at the bottom: 2 = 23 3 =

2
2

Again use conservation of energy:

2
1

2
2
2 = 2 3 =
=
2