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Gerund and Infinitive
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The gerund and the infinitive

-

The gerund

El gerundio se utiliza:

despus de ciertos verbos.

I dont mind waiting. No me importa esperar.
She took up horse riding. Empez a ir a clases de equitacin.

despus de una preposicin.

Im not very good at skiing. No se me da muy bien esquiar.
They left without saying goodbye. Se fueron sin despedirse.

como sustantivo, sobre todo cuando es el sujeto de una frase.

Smoking is bad for you. Fumar es malo.
My favourite activity is gardening. Mi actividad favorita es la jardinera.

The infinitive

El infinitivo se utiliza:

despus de ciertos verbos.

I want to meet her. La quiero conocer.
We managed to get a better offer. Conseguimos que nos hicieran una oferta mejor.

despus de sustantivos.
We have homework to do tonight. Tenemos deberes que hacer esta noche.
There are obstacles to overcome. Hay obstculos que superar.

despus de adjetivos.
Its good to see you. Me alegro de verte.
This teacher is difficult to understand. Este profesor es difcil de entender.

Verb + gerund/ infinitive (con to)

Cuando utilizamos dos verbos, uno detrs de otro, el segundo suele ser la forma ing o un infinitivo (con

to).
She finished telling me the story. (verbo + forma en ing) Ella termin de contarme la historia.
I hope to see you son. (verbo + infinitivo) Espero verte pronto.
Cada vez que aprendas un verbo te resultar muy til comprobar si rige la forma en ing o en infinitivo.

Verb + forma ing

Estos son algunos de los verbos que rigen la forma ing :

admit
finish
miss
try

avoid
give up
practise

cant
hate
resist

stand
imagine
risk

consider
like
start

dont mind
love
stop

enjoy
mention
suggest

They practise writing every day. Ellos practican la escritura todos los das.
I cant stand running. No soporto correr.
We love speaking English. Nos encanta hablar en ingls.
La negativa se forma poniendo not delante de la forma ing.
Imagine not having books! Imagnate que no hubiera libros!
He hated not passing exams. Odiaba no aprobar los exmenes.
-

Verb + infinitivo

Estos son algunos de los verbos que rigen el verbo en infinitivo (con to):
afford
dare
manage

agree
decide
pretend

arrange
expect
promise

ask
hope
refuse

attempt
intend
seem

beg
learn
want

choose
like

Would you like to go out tonight? Te gustara salir esta noche?

I refuse to accept your apology. Me niego a aceptar tus disculpas.
Natalia has decided to join the army. Natalia ha decidido alistarse en el ejrcito.
Jos promised to help me. Jos prometi ayudarme.
La negativa se forma poniendo not delante del infinitivo.
You agreed not to talk about the war. Accediste a no hablar sobre la Guerra.
Susan pretended not know how to dance. Susan fingi que no saba bailar.

1. Complete the sentences. Use the gerund form of the verbs in the list.
Compose go on play record smoke work
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

______________ as a roadie must be very hard.

No cigarettes! ______________ isnt allowed in the concert hall.
Nowadays, ______________ tour can make bands a lot of money.
Susie is really goof at ______________ the guitar.
______________ orchestral music must be very difficult. You need to write parts for so

many different instruments.

6. Last week, we finished ______________ our first album in the studio.
2. Rewrite the sentences. Use the gerund form of the bold verbs.
Helen listened to some music, then she went to bed.
Before going to bed, Helen listened to some music.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

We didnt go to the concert. We went to the cinema.

Instead of ____________________________________________________________
When he moved to London, Ben got a job as a DJ.
After ________________________________________________________________
They missed the bus, but they werent late for the rehearsal.
In spite of ____________________________________________________________
I watched MTV. Then I phoned my friend.
Before _______________________________________________________________
They sent the label a CD, but they werent signed up.
Despite ______________________________________________________________

3. Complete the sentences. Use the correct gerund or infinitive form of the verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The band finally managed (get) a record contract.

Although she was tired, Lucy kept (play) the drums.
Emma promised (be) home before midnight.
I cant wait (go) to the Shakira concert.
The boy admitted (steal) CDs from the shop.
Do you want (come) with us to the disco?

4. Write the questions. Use a gerund or an infinitive in each question.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

what/ you/ want/ do/ after youve left school?

what time/ you/ usually/ finish/ watch TV/ in the evenings?
which subjects/ you/ enjoy/ study?
have/ you/ ever/ learn/ play/ a musical instrument?
you/ expect/ pass/ all your exams this summer?

5. Complete the advert. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
The Music Shack
Do you get excited about new music?

Are you tired of (1 compose) ______________ music for your family?

Are weekends just hours of (2 listen) ______________ to CDs on your own?
Do you long to take up (3 play) ______________ professionally?
Have you ever tried (4 work) ______________ with classical musicians?
We want to help!
Come to the Music Shack. We make all kinds of music: classical, pop, reggae, rock and jazz.
(6 compare) ______________ tracks, (6 swap) ______________ sounds and (7 work)
______________ with real starts can teach you everything you need to know.
(8 make) ______________ music is our business.
6. Complete the sentences so that they mean the same. Use the words in brackets and a gerund.
They practiced every day but they didnt get an audition. (in spite of)
They didnt get an audition in spite of practicing every day.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

I think she plays the guitar very well. (good at)

I think she ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
They didnt have a hit single even though they won the record deal. (despite)
They didnt have a hit single _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The band threw their caps into the crowd, and then they left the stage. (before)
The band threw their caps into the crowd _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
That new house band played for two hours at the concert and they didnt stop. (without)
That new house band played for two hours at the concert __________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
He didnt save the money. He spent it on an iPod. (instead of)
___________________________________________________ , he spent it on an iPod.

7. Complete the text. Use the correct form of the verbs in the list.
come show take visit walk
A hip hop holiday
Former rappers Reggie Reg, LA Sunshine and Grandmaster Caz have recently gone into tourism
and have decided (1) ______________ hip hop fans to visit the Bronx and Harlem with them. Rapper
tour guides want (2) ______________ people where hip hop began 20 years ago.
Tourists from all over the word have come to the hip hop capital to take part in the tours. PJ from the
UK said, Its great (3) ______________ the studios where the first hip hop records were recorded.
Its fantastic (4) ______________ to the Bronx it has been my dream (5) ______________ round
the streets and houses or neighbourhoods where my hip hop heroes lived!
8. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use an infinitive.
Come on! Were leaving for the concert now.
Como on! Its time to leave for the concert.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Weve made a decision that were starting a band.

Weve decided __________________________ a band.
Listening to music stops you being sad.
Its good __________________________ to music when you are sad.
We cant get into the room backstage there isnt time.
There isnt time __________________________ into the room backstage.
My sister always has problems remembering the words of songs.
My sister finds it difficult __________________________ the words of songs.
Singing is easier than dancing for some people.
Some people find it easier __________________________ than dance.

9. Correct the errors. Two sentences are correct.

Are you good at to dance?
Are you good at dancing?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

My sisters hoping to study music next year.

____________________________________________________________
The criminal admitted to download the music illegally.
____________________________________________________________
I always forget switching off my CD player at night.
____________________________________________________________
Do you enjoy listening to soul music?
____________________________________________________________
Before to go out to a club I always practise my dance steps.
____________________________________________________________
To play loud music on some beaches is banned.
____________________________________________________________

7. Its easier playing the piano than the violin.

____________________________________________________________

10. Read the dialogue. Choose the correct alternatives.

A Whats Paco up to these days?
B I heard that he finished (1) to study/ studying a couple of months ago and hes on holiday
now.
A Are you sure? I thought he had offered (2) to give/ giving music classes in the local school
for a couple of months after (3) to complete/ completing his course.
B Well, hes certainly not working there at the moment.
A Hmm. Does anyone plan (4) to see/ seeing him soon?
B Well, I promised (5) to get in touch/ getting in touch over the summer but I couldnt.
A Oh well. Im sure he wanted (6) to keep in touch/ keeping in touch but hes probably run out
of money or something!
B Yeah, you know what hes like! I bet he cant wait (7) to see/ seeing us again! Hell be back
before we know it!
11. Complete the text. Use the gerund or infinitive from of the verbs in brackets.
When I finish school, Ive decided (travel) to travel for a year. Ive contacted a student travel
agency and theyve promised (1 send) ______________ me some information. Im slightly
worried

about

(2

go)

______________

on

my

own,

so

Im

hoping

(3

persuade)

______________ a friend to come with me. When I think about the whole thing, Im a bit
scared. I cant imagine (4 live) ______________ away from my parents. When Ive finished (5
travel) ______________ , I plan (6 study) ______________ music at university.
12. Write sentences. Use the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs.
you/ forget/ do/ your homework?
Have you forgotten to do your homework? / Did you forget to do your homework?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

babies/ cant help/ cry

____________________________________________________________
those birds/ keep/ sing/ the same song
____________________________________________________________
she/ miss/ eat/ paella when she was in the UK
____________________________________________________________
I/ want/ work/ in a ski resort one day
____________________________________________________________
you/ enjoy/ go/ to the cinema/ ?
____________________________________________________________
we/ cant wait/ go/ to your exhibition
____________________________________________________________
he/ promise/ get/ home before midnight
____________________________________________________________

8. they/ refuse/ help/ you/ ?

____________________________________________________________
13. Rewrite the sentences to mean the same. Use the verbs in brackets and a gerund or an
infinitive.
The band were able to rehearse three times a day. (manage)
The band managed to rehearse three times a day.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

When will the band have completed the recording of their new single? (finish)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
They think theyll go on tour in September. (plan)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
They think theyll sing a new record deal next week. (expect)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
The band have said they might play in Cardiffs new football stadium. (suggest)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
The lead singer said he would definitely sing in the next album. (promise)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________